Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

Secondhand smoke is understudied among immigrants in Korea. We examined the impact of smoking rates in the parents' countries of origin on secondhand smoke exposure at home and adolescents' physical and mental health, focusing on immigrant-origin status. Further, we explored the social and environmental determinants of secondhan smoke exposure. Data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey involving 38,690 middle and high school students were used. The relationships between tobacco smoking rates in parents' countries of origin, secondhand smoke exposure, and adolescents' physical and mental health were assessed using multivariable linear regression and generalized structural equation modeling. Immigrant-origin youths reported significantly higher secondhand smoke exposure (M = 1.09, SD = 2.08) than non-immigrant youths (M = 0.85, SD = 1.89, p < 0.001), which directly correlated with their poor physical and mental health. Smoking rates in fathers' countries of origin showed significant indirect effects on physical (β=-0.326) and mental health (anxiety: β = 3.906; distress: β = 0.723, and depression: OR = 1.436) via fathers' smoking behaviors. Adolescents with low subjective socioeconomic status, low academic achievement, and residing outside the Seoul metropolitan area were more vulnerable to physical and mental health problems. Therefore, culturally informed and sex-specific interventions are required to improve the well-being of vulnerable adolescents from immigrant families.

Substance misuse frequently serves as a primary coping mechanism in response to trauma. Because Black Adults disproportionately experience greater rates of trauma exposure than White adults, it is essential to determine buffers against racial trauma and subsequent substance use consequences. Previous literature has linked discrimination, a core contributing factor to racial trauma to substance misuse. The study aimed to determine the relationship between racial trauma and substance misuse among Black Americans and other potential moderating factors. Black Americans from across the U.S. (n = 327, M_age = 39.20, SD_age = 12.01) were recruited via Prolific to answer an online survey through Qualtrics. Linear regression analyses showed that racial trauma was positively associated with Alcohol Use Disorder. Denial coping was found to be a statistically significant moderator of this relationship. However, analyses did not find a significant relationship between racial trauma and drug use disorders. The absence of an association underscores the need for future research to examine factors that may reveal or clarify this potential relationship.

Literature highlights inequities in substance use treatment experiences among clients from marginalized and stigmatized groups, such as women; Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC); and sexually and gender diverse people. In response, key governing bodies related to substance use treatment have implemented diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives to foster more representative, fair, and inclusive workforces to meet the needs of diverse client constituents. Despite these efforts, there have been no prior studies related to DEI commitment in substance use treatment organizations. As such, the current study examined differences in employee perceptions of their substance use treatment organization's commitment to DEI by race, gender, sexual identity, and leadership role status. Online survey-based data were collected in July-August 2024 from a sample of 369 employees at substance use treatment organizations in the United States. Using linear regression, we tested the associations between race, gender, sexual identity, and leadership role status with perceived organizational commitment to DEI. Female or BIPOC employees had lower perceived organizational commitment to DEI relative to male or White employees. There was no difference in organizational commitment to DEI by sexual identity or leadership role status. Findings suggest a heterogeneity in employee perspectives of substance use treatment-based DEI initiatives on the basis of race and gender. Substance use treatment organizations are recommended to consider differential employee perspectives to inform modifications for DEI initiatives.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of health behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise among men in Dak Lak, Vietnam. The dataset for the research comprised 1,557 men (aged 16 or above) drawn from a household interview survey in 2022. To assess correlates of health behaviors, we employed a multivariate probit model that considered the potential correlations between these behaviors, which previous research generally overlooked. The main findings revealed that individuals between 35 and 44 years old had the highest prevalence rates of smoking, drinking, and the co-occurrence of both. In addition, members in labor exchange groups possessed higher rates of smoking and drinking, while those from poor households not only reported higher rates of smoking and drinking but also participated in physical exercise less frequently. Moreover, variables such as family influence, age, ethnicity, income, and membership in labor exchange groups were significant determinants. The findings highlighted the need for education, integrated public health interventions, particularly targeting low-income and ethnic minority populations, and emphasized the promotion of healthy behaviors among influential family members.

Family experiences in addiction recovery remain underexplored, particularly regarding their role in sustaining long-term change. This study investigates psychosocial growth among families of women in recovery from substance use, focusing on how collective resilience and systemic engagement contribute to post-traumatic growth. Using grounded theory, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents and siblings of women who had maintained abstinence for one to five years. Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation center in Tehran, Iran. Analysis identified six interrelated themes: (1) family involvement in treatment, (2) repair and reconstruction of family relationships, (3) successful individual recovery, (4) the role of alternative treatment, (5) comprehensive enhancement and inner growth, and (6) sustained community engagement. Families emphasized prioritizing their own recovery, rebuilding trust, regulating emotions, and mobilizing spiritual and social resources. These findings contribute to the literature by conceptualizing recovery as a systemic process of mutual transformation, rather than the cessation of substance use alone. Familial adaptation, social reintegration, and the intergenerational transmission of recovery values were shown to reinforce resilience. Implications for clinical practice include the development of family-centered, multidimensional interventions that promote collaborative recovery and sustain long-term change.

Societal preoccupations are manifest in popular culture, including music. Canadian award-winning musician, The Weeknd, explores substance use and pain in his discography. This study employs inductive thematic analysis to explore how substance use and pain are referenced in his songs. Lyrics from his five studio albums and three mixtapes were reviewed, revealing 399 substance use references. The analysis revealed seven overarching themes, including substance use as a symbol of celebration and luxury, its role in coping with hardship but also potentially leading to problematic use and romantic turmoil. Uncovering these recurrent themes highlights how the narratives that The Weeknd's music constructs around substance use. Knowledge of these themes and narratives could be leveraged in educational initiatives to engage a wide range of trainees on substance misuse, addiction, and its societal impact.

Indigenous individuals in Canada disproportionally experience higher rates of substance use concerns. This study examined clinical practices currently implemented with Indigenous-led residential treatment facilities to simultaneously address substance use and post-traumatic stress. A systematic review of relevant literature retrieved published approaches to address these concurrent disorders with Indigenous individuals. This review retrieved 35 sources related to trauma and substance use treatment among Indigenous individuals or communities. Among these sources, all leveraged cultural approaches as a dual treatment for trauma symptoms and substance use. Inconsistent results were reported among those sources (n = 3) who analyzed comparisons with wait-list controls or used randomized-controlled designs. Using culture-as-treatment was elaborated upon in the second goal of this study: an environmental scan of Indigenous-led treatment programs and qualitative interviews with 10 treatment center staff to understand how programs may address both substance use and traumatic symptoms among Indigenous-led substance use treatment centers across Canada. When we searched the websites of these centers, we found that approximately 38% (16 of 43) of treatment centers discussed implementing some form of treatment that addressed trauma symptoms in conjunction with primary substance use. Among the 10 staff participants, all discussed how trauma can impede client success in treatment, and ACE-specific programming is useful within their respective treatment programs. Results showed that when manualized treatments are used, they must be adapted to meet the specific needs of Indigenous communities, and culture-as-treatment is a popular approach among Indigenous-led treatment centers, particularly for addressing trauma symptoms.

Background: Leaves derived from the Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) tree have been traditionally ingested for their curative properties by diverse groups of the population including people who use drugs (PWUDs) in Southeast Asia. This study investigated the motives for using kratom among drug-dependent adolescents.

Methods: Eighty adolescents who were undergoing mandatory drug rehabilitation volunteered to participate in this mixed-method, cross-sectional study. All respondents answered a semi-structured questionnaire while a few were interviewed in-depth.

Results: The majority were males (70%, n = 56/80). The respondents' mean age at admission was 18.2 years (SD = 1.40), and 65% were between 14 and 18 years old. Sixty-three percent (n = 50/80) had used crystal methamphetamine alone, while the rest had co-used crystal methamphetamine with heroin. About three-fifths (60%, n = 48/80) had a history of kratom use. Kratom was commonly used for many perceived benefits such as increasing energy, reducing crystal methamphetamine intake, intensifying euphoria, easing heroin withdrawal, as a heroin substitute and reducing heroin use. In addition, the multivariate analysis indicated that higher odds of kratom use were associated with those who were employed, used only crystal methamphetamine, were recent drug users, and had no prior incarceration history.

Conclusion: While kratom was being used for its multifold perceived benefits, it also functions as a means to self-treat withdrawal from illicit drug use among drug-dependent adolescents.

The present study examined the relationships between resistance to peer influence and cigarette and betel nut use, as well as the potential mediating role of friends who use cigarettes and betel nut, among boys and girls in Guam. This study included 673 ethnically diverse students (49% female; M age = 12.7, SD = 0.89) from eight public middle schools. The mediation analysis demonstrated that higher resistance to peer influence for both cigarette and betel nut use was associated with lower cigarette and betel nut use directly and that this association was mediated by friends who used cigarette and betel nut products. That is, low resistance to peer influence for both cigarette and betel nut use was associated with a greater number of friends who smoke and use betel nut, which was linked with more cigarette and betel nut use. The moderated mediation analysis revealed no gender difference in the indirect effect (i.e., the mediation of friends who used cigarettes and betel nut). These findings can be used to inform the design and implementation of intervention and prevention programs for at-risk youth, regardless of gender, who are vulnerable to substance use in the Pacific.

University students frequently resort to psychostimulants to enhance their physical and mental performance and manage academic pressures. However, these substances can lead to dependence and other undesired symptoms, and little empirical data are available for relevant stakeholders, raising significant concerns in health care. Therefore, this study aims to characterize neurostimulant use among university students in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We collected from 880 students' data using anonymous self-administration. The questionnaire included consumption patterns of caffeine, nicotine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, "merla" (coca base), methylphenidate, cocaine, crack, and ketamine. Additionally, participants shared information on demographic and socioeconomic factors. Use of at least one neurostimulant was reported by89.2% of the participants. Among nonusers, the most frequently cited reason was "previous information about harmful effects of these drugs." Caffeine, followed by nicotine, ecstasy, and methylphenidate were the most consumed substances, with main reasons being "improving academic performance" and "recreation." Women more often consumed caffeine (72.7%), while other psychostimulants were more consumed by men (42.2%) and individuals of other genders (0.5%). Students who consumed other substances had higher family incomes than that of families of caffeine users. In addition, 60.4% of caffeine users resided with family members, whereas 63.3% of users of other substances did not. Our findings can offer essential data on the reasons and symptoms associated with the use of neurostimulants among university students. This information could aid in raising awareness among students, universities, and health-care agencies about this often-neglected subject.