Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

We examined whether the cultural value of respect based on age was indirectly associated with adolescents' drinking via parental psychological control and whether gender differences existed. Korean adolescents (N = 354, 13-16 years old, 207 female-identified) attending a middle school in Seoul participated in an innovative online survey. Measures included the Respect Based on Age Scale developed for this study, an established scale of parental psychological control, and drinking frequency in the past year. Structural Equation Modeling results revealed that respect based on age was positively associated with both dependency-oriented (DPC) and achievement-oriented psychological control (APC), which were in turn positively associated with drinking frequency. These results suggest that both respect based on age and parental psychological control may be risk factors for Korean adolescents' drinking. We uncovered subtlety in the common belief that respect based on age pervades Korean culture, as Korean adolescents simultaneously held two contradictory beliefs: respect should be based on age and also should not be based on age. Moreover, female-identified adolescents felt more bound by the cultural value of respect based on age than did male-identified adolescents, and female-identified adolescents also felt more controlled by primary caregivers than did male-identified adolescents. When male-identified adolescents believed that respect did not come with age, they reported less APC than female-identified adolescents. These results highlight cultural and familial risk factors for Korean adolescents' drinking and gender-based adolescent development in Korea.

Background: Alcohol use and its associated problems among older adults are rising. However, the relationship between alcohol use and physical functioning in Chinese population is under-studied.

Methods: Multivariate logistic regressions and ANCOVA were conducted to examine the independent association between alcohol use (never, former, moderate, and at-risk drinkers) and physical functioning (grip strength, handgrip strength asymmetry, walking speed, repeated chair stands, and balance tests) using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline survey.

Results: Most participants never drank alcohol (60.6%), and 7.3% were at-risk drinkers. Mean grip strength was 27.0 ± 9.5 kg, 50.0% had normal HGS asymmetry, and mean walking speed and repeated chair stand times were 4.99 ± 2.56 s and 12.7 ± 5.79 s, respectively. Overall, 60.1% completed the full tandem balance test. In adjusted models, moderate (B = 1.18, p = 0.024) and at-risk (B = 2.13, p < 0.001) drinkers had higher grip strength, whereas moderate (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.35-0.66, p < 0.001) and at-risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94, p = 0.018) drinkers were less likely to complete the full tandem balance test. Alcohol use was not significantly associated with HGS asymmetry, walking speed, or repeated chair stands.

Conclusions: These findings indicate possible domain-specific effects of alcohol use on physical functioning. Alcohol should not be viewed as beneficial for strength. Clinicians should routinely assess older adults' alcohol use and help them with alcohol reduction. This may reduce alcohol use, improve balance in older adults.

Objective: The current study aimed to test the association between perceived online racism, mental health outcomes, feelings of shame and trauma symptoms among Palestinians, and whether posttraumatic growth and resilience mediate the association between these variables.

Methods: The sample of our study consisted of 880 participants, comprising 290 males and 590 females. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed having perceived online racism as a predictor, mental health outcomes, feelings of shame, and trauma symptoms as outcomes, and posttraumatic growth and resilience as mediating variables.

Results: The findings of our study revealed that perceived online racism positively correlated with depression (r = 0.35, p < .01), anxiety (r = 0.40, p < .01), stress (r = 0.36, p < .01), feelings of shame (r = 0.37, p < .01), and trauma symptoms (r = 0.45, p < .01). Results of (SEM) showed that posttraumatic growth and resilience mediated the association between perceived online racism, and mental health outcomes, feelings of shame, and trauma symptoms.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for further studies to investigate the role of other possible protective factors that may help reduce depression, anxiety, stress, feelings of shame, and trauma symptoms among Palestinians subjected to online racism. Mental health professionals should receive training in culturally sensitive therapeutic approaches and effective communication strategies for addressing racial trauma in clinical settings. This includes equipping practitioners with skills to handle digital trauma and anti-racism interventions effectively.

The relationship between marijuana use and oral cancer risk remains controversial, with conflicting evidence from epidemiological studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available evidence on the association between marijuana consumption and oral cancer incidence. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted comprehensive searches across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to August 2025. We included only case-control studies reporting quantitative risk estimates for marijuana use and histologically confirmed oral cancer (ICD-10 codes C00-C06). Data extraction followed standardized protocols, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I² statistics, and publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Six case-control studies involving 4,686 cases and 10,370 controls were included. The pooled odds ratio demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between marijuana use and oral cancer risk (OR = 0.659, 95% CI: 0.500-0.869, p = 0.003, I² = 47.35). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the duration of use, gender, and age at initiation of marijuana use; however, no clear dose-response relationship was observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of findings, with ORs ranging from 0.599 to 0.708 across iterations. No significant publication bias was detected (Egger's test p = 0.532). Three individual studies showed statistically significant protective effects, while three others were non-significant. This meta-analysis suggests marijuana use is associated with reduced oral cancer risk. However, given methodological limitations, heterogeneity in exposure assessment, and conflicting recent evidence, these findings require cautious interpretation. Future large-scale prospective cohort studies with standardized exposure measurements are essential for definitive conclusions.

This study examines the experiences of Palestinian women living with addicted husbands, highlighting how addiction transforms the home into a site of despair, humiliation, and fragile endurance. Drawing on testimonies shared in women-only digital forums, the research uses thematic analysis to examine how addiction intersects with depression, suicidal ideation, fear, stigma, and coping. Six themes emerged: depression as daily life; despair turning inward as self-harm; suicidal thinking as routine and planned; fear and hypervigilance; silence and abandonment; and fragile coping shaped by faith, work, and social media. Findings show that addiction is not simply a private matter but a structural phenomenon that intensifies economic burdens, corrodes family safety, and erodes dignity. Coping strategies offer temporary relief but rarely secure transformation, as stigma and institutional neglect amplify suffering. The study argues that addiction in this context functions less as an individual illness than as a systemic mechanism of harm that constrains women's agency and reshapes everyday survival.

This cross-sectional study, conducted from May to September 2022 in Baghdad, Iraq, investigated substance use among 509 healthcare professionals, including physicians, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, and technicians working across both hospital (governmental, university, and private) and community-based settings (clinics and pharmacies). The survey explored their attitudes, knowledge, and practice regarding substance use (including prescription and nonprescription drugs), focusing on the prevalence, patterns, and factors influencing such use. Results revealed that 18.3% reported using drugs without medical justification, with opioids and benzodiazepines most frequently used. Self-medication, particularly with tramadol, was common. Substance use varied by gender, marital status, and specialty. Many participants lacked awareness of the difference between misuse and abuse. Findings highlight the need for targeted education and policy reforms.

Introduction: Hookah or water pipe smoking has become increasingly popular in recent years, especially among young Iranian adults. This traditional method of smoking poses significant health risks and requires effective interventions. Hence, this study aims to explore interventions that can be effective in preventing and controlling hookah smoking in Iran.

Methods: This qualitative thematic analysis research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 34 diverse experts and stakeholders and analysis of national and provincial policy documents. The documents were collected from local websites and various related organizations, including the Iranian governmental ministries and Iran's Parliament Research Center. To analyze the data, a thematic analysis approach was utilized through the use of MAXQDA 20.

Results: Interventions were categorized into two main groups: policy interventions (effective governance, evidence-based policymaking, and political support) and management interventions (civil society empowerment, supervision and monitoring, and medical care).

Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for multi-sectoral collaboration, stronger governance, and community engagement to address the growing prevalence of hookah smoking. This study provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to develop culturally appropriate interventions in Iran.

This study examined the lived experiences of psychological injuries among families of women who have recovered from addiction. Using a qualitative grounded theory design, participants were purposively recruited in 2023 from a substance abuse counseling center in Tehran. The sample consisted of 15 parents (12 mothers and 3 fathers) aged 48-65 years. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews lasting 60-90 min and guided by open-ended questions. Analysis revealed one core category "Parents' Lived Experience of Their Daughter's Addiction", and two main categories. The first, Initial Positive Family Capacity, encompassed positive intra-family interactions, supportive relationships with relatives, mutual trust, and financial stability. The second, Family Collapse: Internal and External Dimensions, included factors such as denial of the problem, marital conflicts, and the emergence of suicidal and obsessive thoughts. The findings suggest that, although families face significant challenges in restoring stability, resilience can be strengthened by leveraging internal strengths, such as personal abilities, family resources, and public support systems, while avoiding denial and ineffective coping strategies. Neglecting these measures may lead to long-term harm to both family functioning and the wider societal fabric.

In research on females' participation in the drug economy, Chinese scholarship continues to focus predominantly on the roles and division of labor undertaken by females, with the aim of refining law enforcement practices and sentencing procedures. This orientation overlooks females' subjectivities within drug trades and simplifies the complex entanglements between gender, embodiment, and illicit economies. This study centers on three cases from the southwestern border, foregrounding the narratives and understandings of female participants regarding their bodily experiences before recruitment, during participation in pregnancy-based drug trafficking, and across different stages of their post-trafficking lives. Through the lens of body politics, the analysis reveals how females' bodies, whether within patriarchal structures or the drug economy, are objects. These bodies undergo a trajectory of construction from sanctification to desacralisation, yet at no point do females attain true agency over the interpretation, shaping, or autonomy of their corporeality. Pregnancy-based drug trafficking not only reconfigures the function of the body but also undermines females' moral standing within patriarchal social norms, leaving them to endure intensified trauma and profound experiences of meaninglessness in the aftermath of trafficking. By situating these cases within the specific framework of prohibition-centered drug policy, this article contributes to cross-regional dialogue and offers empirical insights into gendered embodiment. It highlights how state power, illicit economies, and social violence intersect to shape women's corporeal and moral lives.

Despite global progress in the field of tobacco control, rates of cessation intentions remain low in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Türkiye. It is imperative to comprehend the multifaceted factors that influence individuals' intentions to quit smoking to formulate efficacious tobacco control strategies. This community-based cross-sectional study explored sociodemographic and psychosocial factors as predictors of intention to quit tobacco smoking among adults in Türkiye. Intention to quit was assessed using a three-stage model: non-contemplation, undecided, and contemplation. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the associations between the intention stage and various predictors, including perceived financial hardship, social factors, and motives. Tobacco users' quit intentions varied by sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. Financial hardship (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.44, 9.08) and difficulty with smoking bans (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.35, 6.15) increased the likelihood of being undecided. Primary (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.81) and high school education (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.56), as well as initiation due to emulation (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.90), were linked to lower likelihood of contemplation. Conversely, adverse life events (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 5.80) and enjoyment (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.02) increased contemplation, while peer influence predicted significantly lower odds of being in the contemplation stage (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.90). This study underlines the sociodemographic and psychological determinants of tobacco use among adults in Türkiye. Public health interventions should prioritize the groups with low health literacy, limited resources, and strong social and peer influences.