Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

Background: Substance usage is a growing concern among tribal communities in the southern region of Kerala, as it is associated with various social, health, and economic problems. alcohol being the most commonly abused substance. This is particularly true in Southern Kerala, where the prevalence of alcohol abuse among tribal communities is estimated to be between 20% and 30%. The prevalence of alcohol use was higher among male tribal members compared to female tribal members who initiated alcohol misuse at a younger age due to parental influence, home environment, and peer pressure.

Methods: A mixed methods approach was done to identify substance usage in the tribal community. 101 residents of the tribal community were chosen random and handed the survey, demographic details, substance they were used and using, views regarding substance use were all covered in the survey. Following that, 20 respondents who acknowledged to using at least one substance underwent semi-structured interview.

Results: In total, 101 respondents, 91 men and 10 women were included in the quantitative study. The majority of respondents responded to using substances, including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. 74% responded to using tobacco products. This result implies that tobacco usage was very common in the research's population. In addition, 67% of the respondents said that, they consumed alcohol, showing that a significant proportion of the participants used alcohol. 13% responded to using marijuana. Fortunately, the percentage is slightly lower than that of alcohol and tobacco consumption, it nevertheless shows that marijuana use is prevalent in the sample. These findings show that alcohol and cigarette use, in particular, are significantly more common among the respondents. Through qualitative analysis, we were able to find the primary trends in tribal men's consumption of alcohol and substances. They began the usage of substances like alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana at an earlier age as a result of peer pressure, parental influence, and the home environment.

Conclusion: The study explored that, substance usage and its prevalence is high among the tribal communities of southern Kerala.

This article focuses on findings of a qualitative research study that looked at experiences of Filipino healthcare workers in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is to contribute to the growing body of literature on mental health among racialized frontline healthcare workers in Canada by investigating factors that affect mental health and barriers associated with accessing services and supports among Filipino healthcare workers in Ontario, Canada. The study employed a cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design to identify strategies that Filipino frontline healthcare workers use to effectively cope with mental health issues, work stress, and structural and economic barriers to their well-being. The study conducted in-depth semi-structured and open-ended interviews with 15 female Filipino healthcare workers. Findings indicate that social support received from colleagues, managers, families, and friends, through forms of assistance and protection, are crucial for dealing with various mental health stressors in the workplace during healthcare crises. Participants indicated that adequate social support help frontline healthcare professionals effectively manage stressful events, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Asian Americans are highly underrepresented in opioid use research, despite recent studies demonstrating the presence of opioid use behaviors in Asian Americans and distinct negative outcomes of opioid use among Asian Americans in comparison to White adults. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect are important risk factors that may impact opioid use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the associations between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse and emotional neglect) and opioid use, and (b) the role of distress intolerance as a moderator. 279 Asian American participants completed an online remote survey. Our findings revealed that childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect were both significantly and positively associated with opioid use. We found that distress intolerance moderated the association between childhood emotional abuse and opioid use such that at low levels of emotional abuse, participants who exhibited greater distress intolerance displayed greater opioid use. These findings indicate that emotional abuse and neglect are specific forms of childhood trauma that are significantly associated with opioid use, perhaps as a maladaptive coping mechanism that capitalizes on the analgesic effects of opioids on the psychological pain from childhood emotional trauma. Additionally, marginalized populations that demonstrate distress intolerance may suffer negative health outcomes such as opioid use.

Background: Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) is a worldwide practice that is crucial in anti-drug efforts. This study aimed to provide compherensive information about the WDT applications in Türkiye with data obtained from two major cities in two different regions of Türkiye.

Methods: The retrospective assessment of forensic toxicological analysis results in urine, hair or urine&hair samples collected from 220 WDT cases in İzmir (3^rd largest city) and Adana (5^th largest city) from 2016 to 2022 years was carried. The screening and confirmation analysis were performed with immunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively.

Results: Cases with a positive result from one of urine or hair tests were accepted as positive. 20.5% (n = 45) of the cases were detected positive, and most applicants were identified as drivers (84.4%, n = 38). Urine samples of 23.5% (n = 52) were screened by immunoassay, and THC (n = 1) and opiate (n = 1) were detected. In the LC-MS/MS analysis, benzodiazepines were detected most in urine as a single substance, while cannabinoids and codeine were detected in the hair. Multidrug combinations used in treatment were detected in urine and hair. It was detected both alone and among the substances accompanying cannabinoids and amphetamines.

Conclusions: This study presents 7-year WDT results of two different major cities in Türkiye. The method of WDT application differs across the country so a standard procedure should be performed. In our country, where zero tolerance against substance use is adopted, the detection of illegal and controlled substances in cases clearly shows that WDT practice should be routinized.

Substance misuse is a seriously risky behavior in young adulthood. To protect and support the psychological health of university students, the risk factors and protective factors related to substance misuse should be examined. This study aims to examine the serial mediating role of mindfulness and resilience in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and substance misuse. The sample of the study consists of a total of 383 university students, 269 female (70.2%) and 114 male (29.8%), aged between 18 and 28 years (M = 20.849, SD = 1.773). Research findings have proven that childhood psychological maltreatment is an important predictor of mindfulness, resilience, and substance misuse. The following results revealed that mindfulness and resilience played a partially serial mediating role in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and substance misuse. The findings indicated that childhood psychological maltreatment is an important risk factor for substance misuse, and mindfulness and resilience may be protective factors in this relationship. All these results suggest that psychoeducational interventions that increase the mindfulness and resilience levels of young adults may contribute to alleviating substance misuse in individuals exposed to childhood psychological maltreatment.

Research shows that risky behavior peaks in young adulthood, endangering young adult's mental health and making it difficult for them to grow up to be responsible members of society. As a result, this study aimed to adapt the Risk Behavior Scale into Amharic and examine the relationships between risky behaviors, loneliness, and coping self-efficacy. A cross-sectional research design was used and convenience sampling was employed to gather data from a total of 242 Ethiopian university students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out to test the factor structures of the Risky Behaviors Scale. The CFA results validated the scale's four-factor structures (χ2 = 435, df = 183, (p < .001), CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.08, and SRMR =0.05). This would make it possible for mental health experts to research the psychological impacts of risky behaviors (alcohol use, suicidality, drug use, and khat use) in Ethiopian young adults. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that male gender and loneliness were predictors of risky behavior. This research holds significant implications for interventions that attempt to reduce loneliness in young adults to alter their vulnerabilities to risky behaviors.

This qualitative narrative study investigates how social services among African immigrant youth in Toronto can be reimagined and provided in intersectional ways that are just and responsive to their specific and unique needs. The study interviewed 6 African Youths living in Toronto. The study employed an eclectic theory to argue for reimagining of policy that drive homelessness in Canada. The themes that came out of this study are: Homelessness is not African, The walls are squeezing me: Intersectional homelessness. African values and spiritualities are my survival tactic and policy resolution. The study calls all social work researchers and practitioners to work with African communities in providing social services that are attuned to African lived realities, values, and histories rather than relying on market-branded solutions for the "African problem," such as cultural competency frameworks that continue to mark and market African bodies for profit. The study employs an African-centered perspective to bring forth new approaches to African bodies in diaspora. The study looks at homelessness as a neoliberal concept intended to designate some bodies as improper and out of place while equally producing profit for the capital. Based on African immigrant youth narratives, homelessness is a foreign term in African cosmogonies since African people live with nature.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate women's smoking and hookah use from a male perspective in the context of gender.

Method: The study was completed with a total of 716 male participants. Data were collected with the Introductory Information Form, Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT), Lebanon Hookah Dependence Scale (LHDS-11), and Social Gender Perception Scale (SGPS) and evaluated with the correlation between them.

Results: The mean age of the male participants was 34.93 ± 12.95 years. Among them, 42.4% had completed high school, and 50.8% were married. A significant correlation was observed between the SGPS total scores of the participants and the following variables: age, marital status, employment status, and the type of family in which the participants were raised (p < 0.05). The participants did not perceive a woman who smoked cigarettes or a hookah to be free or strong. Additionally, they asserted that a woman who smoked was incapable of having healthy children. The total score on the FNDS for the male participants was found to be positively correlated with the LHDS-11 (r = .372) and negatively correlated with the SGPS (r = -0.186). The correlation between the LHDS-11 total score and the SGPS was found to be very weak and negative (r = -0.088), with a p-value less than 0.05.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that male respondents perceived women's smoking and hookah use to be incongruent with social norms. It was determined that the participants generally evaluated cigarette and hookah use negatively, citing social reasons as the primary motivation rather than health concerns.

Black/African American (hereafter, Black) adults who smoke are at risk for tobacco-related health disparities in the United States (US). Although racial-based stressors (e.g., discrimination) are associated with smoking among this group, past work has not characterized individual differences in negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress in terms of smoking. The present investigation sought to address this limitation and evaluate the incremental validity of negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic stress on smoking processes after accounting for clinically important covariates. Participants included 517 Black individuals from the US who endorsed daily cigarette smoking (≥5 cigarettes per day, M_age = 45.1 years of age, 51.5% female). Results indicated that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress was associated with an increased risk of severity of problems when quitting (ΔR² = .01), perceived barriers for smoking cessation (ΔR² = .03), and addictive (ΔR² = .03) as well as negative mood reduction smoking motives (ΔR² = .04); with effects evident after adjusting for frequency of racial/ethnic discrimination and other factors (e.g., drug use problems). Overall, the present findings provide novel empirical evidence that negative emotional reactivity to racial/ethnic minority stress among Black adults in the US is associated with several smoking processes implicated in the maintenance and relapse of smoking.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of relapse tendency in male drug abusers and provide empirical evidence for reducing relapse tendency of drug abusers. A survey was conducted on 310 male individuals with drug addiction using Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Relapse Tendency Scale (RTS). (1) Stress is significantly positively correlated with the relapse tendency of individuals with drug addiction; (2) Stress indirectly affects relapse tendency through regulatory emotional self-efficacy; (3) Regulatory emotional self-efficacy can directly and negatively predict relapse tendency, and can also indirectly and negatively predict relapse tendency through coping style. Stress coping theory, tension elimination theory, and the self-administration hypothesis are applicable to explain the tendency to relapse due to stress among compulsory isolated drug abusers in China; Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and coping style play a chain mediating role between stress and relapse tendency of male individuals with drug addiction.