Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse最新文献

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) can profoundly affect individuals' psychological functioning and internal meaning systems in later life. In this interaction, the individual's coping style and tendency toward harmful habits may play a decisive role. This study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences and spiritual well-being and tested the serial mediating roles of meaning-based coping and substance misuse in this association. The study sample consisted of a total of 501 volunteer participants, including 247 women (49.3%) and 254 men (50.7%). Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 47 years (M = 22.46 years, SD = 4.51). The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design based on structural equation modeling. In addition to structural equation modeling, bootstrapping analysis was also performed. The results of the study indicate that the relationship between ACEs and spiritual well-being is serially mediated by meaning-based coping and substance misuse (β = -0.076, 95% CI = -0.125, -0.033; p < .05). The findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between ACEs and spiritual well-being and are discussed in light of possible explanations and limitations.

Cognitive enhancers (CE) are substances frequently used to enhance cognitive capabilities, especially in demanding environments, such as medical schools. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate students' knowledge, attitudes toward, and usage of CEs. Data was collected from 350 medical students through an online questionnaire. Around (22.3%) of participants were found to be users of prescription pills as CEs, with beta-blockers and nasal decongestants being the most frequently abused substances (16.3%). Lifetime usage of prescription pills as CEs was associated with usage of natural supplements (p < 0.05, OR: 2.01), tobacco smoking (p < 0.05, OR: 2.79) and low concentration rating (p < 0.05, OR: 0.66). The majority (66.9%) first heard about CEs from the internet or their family and friends. While around (38%) considered using CEs to improve their attention and concentration, around (35.1%) refused to due to concerns regarding their safety. Our study has shown that Jordanian medical students use cognitive enhancers in their various forms, including psychostimulant drugs. However, given their unproven efficacy, safety and possible ethical and public health implications of their usage, concerns arise as these students will become medical practitioners and in charge of drug prescriptions. Accordingly, this should prompt policymakers to implement educational initiatives to spread awareness.

This study examines the contexts in which alcohol and cannabis are used among White and Hispanic co-users in 40 selected cities in California. Data were obtained from a household sample of 1,069 adults aged 21 to 49, collected via an online standardized questionnaire. Alcohol and cannabis use occurred mostly in two primary settings: at home alone or with family and at home with friends. Controlled analyses identified distinct correlates associated with each consumption context. However, race/ethnicity and co-use status (concurrent vs. simultaneous use) did not have statistically significant effects in any drinking or cannabis use setting. While context related differences between White and Hispanic co-users of alcohol and cannabis were minimal, it would be premature to assume that policies to regulate context use, especially public access contexts, would be equally effective across both groups. Although their epidemiological profiles appear similar, tailored intervention strategies-differing in content, format, delivery, and implementation-may be necessary to maximize effectiveness.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant global public health issue, contributing to high rates of morbidity, mortality and socio-economic disruption. In Myanmar particularly in border regions like Kachin State, AUD prevalence and its associated determinants remain poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AUD among adult males in Kachin State and to identify behavioral, psychosocial and marketing-related risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three purposively selected townships of Kachin State. A total of 428 adult males (≥18 years) were selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and defined as an AUDIT score ≥8. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder was 39.95% (95% CI: 35.40-44.68). Key factors associated with AUD were ease of access to alcohol (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.51-7.85), early initiation before age 18 (AOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.23-4.40), smoking while drinking (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.19-3.03), drink-driving history (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.04-2.71), reporting alcohol-related health issues (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.63-4.25) and depression (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.14-2.03). Alcohol Use Disorder remains a pressing public health concern with multiple behavioral, psychosocial and environmental determinants. The strong associations with early initiation, risk behaviors, poor mental health and low awareness of harm indicate the need for early prevention, mental health support and public education. Interventions should also address alcohol accessibility and regulate marketing to mitigate the growing burden of AUD.

A family history of substance problems is a well-known risk factor for substance use and use disorders; however, much of this research has been conducted in studies with predominantly White subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between family history density of substance problems and drug use, risk for drug use disorder, and prescription drug misuse in a sample of African American adults. Results indicate that family history density of substance problems increased the risk for all drug outcomes in the full sample. However, when subgroup analyses by gender were conducted, family history was not a risk factor among men for prescription drug misuse.

West Virginia, the only state entirely in Appalachia, is considered the epicenter of the opioid crisis. Children raised in families affected by opioid use disorder can develop their own substance use disorder later in life. The continuing opioid crisis coupled with social and health disparities suggest families in West Virginia are vulnerable to generational cycles of substance misuse. This qualitative study uses content analysis to present emergent themes discerned from participant interviews on the opioid epidemic and impacts of a restrictive opioid prescribing law in West Virginia. Participants in this study described how using opioids has impacted their lives, their family, and community. They recognized drug use was embedded along familial groups and influenced by significant others such as partners or peers. Parents described how children were a strong motivator for recovery and how they felt remorse for exposing their children to their drug use. This study highlights the importance of community engagement, parental support, and early identification of vulnerable young people to lessen the intergenerational continuance of substance use.

The current study tests the Motivational Interviewing (MI) technical and relational hypotheses in a sample of Hispanic/Latinx adults (N = 276) who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. MI causal theory hypothesizes that therapist use of MI consistent skills (i.e., technical hypothesis) and embodiment of the MI Spirit (i.e., relational hypothesis) will elicit client change talk, which is a putative mechanism of positive client outcome after the session. We tested these associations in a rigorous parallel process latent growth curve mediation modeling framework. The data are from a completed randomized clinical trial of a culturally-adapted (CAMI) versus un-adapted MI targeting hazardous alcohol use and consequences. Results. The unconditional growth models for the mediator (i.e., proportion of change talk relative to sustain talk) and two study outcomes (i.e., percent of heavy drinking days; alcohol-related consequences) showed a linear effect over a 12-month period with a slower rate of growth at later timepoints. Contrary to expectations, the latent growth mediation models did not show relationships between MI-consistent skills (i.e., technical predictor) or latent MI Spirit (i.e., relational indicator) and the slope factor for proportion change talk. The slope factor for proportion change talk was also not associated with the slope factors for percent heavy drinking and consequences over follow-up. Conclusions. In this novel population for MI process analysis, the technical and relational hypotheses were not supported. Studies that are exploratory may be needed to further investigate the causal model in populations that are not often represented in MI process research.

Betel quid chewing poses significant public health risks across a range of countries from South to Southeast Asia, particularly in India. We aimed to identify factors influencing betel quid dependence (BQD) among consumers in a rural area of Southern India. A secondary aim was to find out which of the two instruments namely the Motivation to Stop Scale(MTSS), and Stages of Change Behavior scale was a better predictor of BQD among current betel quid users. 400 adult betel quid users were surveyed using the scales. We found that most of the participants were dependent on betel quid. BQD Scale scores increased with the participant's age and the frequency of daily betel quid chewing and decreased with increasing educational attainment, being in the precontemplation stage, and having better self-perceived oral health status. Significant associations were observed between sociodemographic, behavioral, or psychosocial factors and betel quid dependence and the 'Stages of Change' model emerged as a useful predictor of dependency levels, more so than the MTSS scale, indicating its potential application in tailoring cessation interventions.

Research explored substance use in Black communities in Canada, but a gap exists about the experiences of Black family members, caring for relatives with substance misuse within the Canadian context. Black family members are defined as African Canadians, Caribbean Canadian or Caribbean Blacks. This paper explores Black family members' beliefs and experiences regarding their relatives' psychoactive substance use and misuse. A focused ethnography was conducted with 26 Black family members with 17 participants originated from various parts of Africa, and nine participants originated from parts of the Caribbean. Participants comprised of mothers (n = 5), fathers (n = 2), step-fathers (n = 1), husbands (n = 1), wives (n = 2), uncles (n = 5), aunties (n = 2), siblings (n = 5), in-laws (n = 2), and guardians (n = 1). Three themes were generated: cultural beliefs and perceptions regarding substance use and misuse of family relatives; "When he starts drinking, hell breaks loose": Perceived impact of substance misuse on family safety and stability; and, the experiences of stigma and the keeping of secrets. Prioritizing public health approaches, such as public policies and campaigns that dismantle stigma and systemic barriers, and increase awareness about substance use and harm reduction interventions among Black communities.

Community-based interventions for youth substance use prevention require high levels of capacity to organize and coordinate community resources to support youth development and create opportunities to prevent youth substance use. This project aimed to better understand what Black prevention practitioners perceive as the requirements for a successful drug-free community coalition. Black prevention practitioners, who were engaged in drug-free community funded coalitions, had discussions about coalitions as a strategy for youth substance use prevention in Black communities. These facilitated discussions resulted in consensus over a set of nine core principles regarding successful youth substance use prevention coalition building in these communities.