South Africa's general elections of 1994 was a unique occurrence in the country's history, having for the first time enfranchised the majority of the country's citizens. The 1999 elections advanced this process of democratizing the South African policy. This article examines the electoral systems that were applied to two elections, as well as the role of the Independent Electoral Commission in connection with those two elections. It argues that the legal and institutional frameworks established by the relevant laws ensured free and fair elections; but above all they advanced the democratization process. (A. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(1): 105-122)
{"title":"The 1994 and 1999 Electoral Process/Systems: Promoting Democracy in South Africa","authors":"C. Bauer","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V6I1.27306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V6I1.27306","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa's general elections of 1994 was a unique occurrence in the country's history, having for the first time enfranchised the majority of the country's citizens. The 1999 elections advanced this process of democratizing the South African policy. This article examines the electoral systems that were applied to two elections, as well as the role of the Independent Electoral Commission in connection with those two elections. It argues that the legal and institutional frameworks established by the relevant laws ensured free and fair elections; but above all they advanced the democratization process. \u0000(A. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(1): 105-122)","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129896175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The political economy of Africa is at the crossroads. The centrally controlled economies are giving way to global liberalism. Yet many of the continent's economies are still suffering from the residual effects of centralism, while poorly adjusting to the new dispensation. In the meantime, regionalism as a development strategy seems to be getting a new lease of life in the general development discourse in Africa while assuming varying forms. Furthermore, under globalization, Africa maybe on the verge of becoming an important player as an emerging market. Such forms of development are creating a dynamism in the new political economy of the continent, which may drive the African renaissance. (A. J. of Political Science: 2001 5(1): 14-28)
{"title":"African Renaissance in the New Millennium? From Anarchy to Emerging Markets?","authors":"T. Shaw, J. Nyang'oro","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V5I1.27312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V5I1.27312","url":null,"abstract":"The political economy of Africa is at the crossroads. The centrally controlled economies are giving way to global liberalism. Yet many of the continent's economies are still suffering from the residual effects of centralism, while poorly adjusting to the new dispensation. In the meantime, regionalism as a development strategy seems to be getting a new lease of life in the general development discourse in Africa while assuming varying forms. Furthermore, under globalization, Africa maybe on the verge of becoming an important player as an emerging market. Such forms of development are creating a dynamism in the new political economy of the continent, which may drive the African renaissance. \u0000(A. J. of Political Science: 2001 5(1): 14-28)","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121362713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dreaded doomsday ageing consequences, particularly in European countries and Japan, a result of past protracted fertility decline, provides a pivotal lesson. High- fertility Africa is perceived as having a unique historical opportunity, not only to avoid ageing but as some solution to the ageing world also. This article reviews the consequences of ageing in Europe: a predicament, particularly with the impossibility of low-fertility reversal. In contrast, Africa is argued as continuing with a young age structure, even with fertility conservatively put at replacement as early as 2035 to reflect relevant young generations' lower desires. With Europe allowed replacement fertility in the long-run, population projections are made. Resulting world regions' population shares show Africa's increasing, with AIDS argued as insignificant; similarly, pointing to population growth as never being deleterious. Attention, however, is directed to trends in Africa's young age structure, hence her historical unique opportunity: avoiding ageing and possibly lending its labour force to ageing Europe. Challenges of maintaining Africa's fertility above replacement, and labour export acceptance to Europe, are realized, but argued as positively surmountable. >br> (Af. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(2): 59-76
{"title":"Africanization of the World in the Third Milleniun: A Prognosis of Population Dynamics","authors":"C. Kamuzora","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V6I2.27300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V6I2.27300","url":null,"abstract":"Dreaded doomsday ageing consequences, particularly in European countries and Japan, a result of past protracted fertility decline, provides a pivotal lesson. High- fertility Africa is perceived as having a unique historical opportunity, not only to avoid ageing but as some solution to the ageing world also. This article reviews the consequences of ageing in Europe: a predicament, particularly with the impossibility of low-fertility reversal. In contrast, Africa is argued as continuing with a young age structure, even with fertility conservatively put at replacement as early as 2035 to reflect relevant young generations' lower desires. With Europe allowed replacement fertility in the long-run, population projections are made. Resulting world regions' population shares show Africa's increasing, with AIDS argued as insignificant; similarly, pointing to population growth as never being deleterious. Attention, however, is directed to trends in Africa's young age structure, hence her historical unique opportunity: avoiding ageing and possibly lending its labour force to ageing Europe. Challenges of maintaining Africa's fertility above replacement, and labour export acceptance to Europe, are realized, but argued as positively surmountable. >br>\u0000(Af. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(2): 59-76","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122612922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two 'fully fledged' democratic administrations in Nigeria have been terminated by military coups d'etat since independence in 1960. Having, in addition ruled for about 30 out of over 40 years of sovereign existence, the military has been described as the obstacle to the consolidation of democracy. But what a critical reading of Nigeria's political history would reveal is that the elected governments were in the throes of death almost from their inauguration, while the state had virtually collapsed by general election time. The military coup, thus, became a kind of euthanasia. In both cases of breakdown, there was a repeated pattern of transition from democracy marked by depluralization, state appropriation, delegitimation of regimes, inter-hegemonic conflict and, finally, military coup. These are argued as consequences of the peculiar political and intergroup environment of Nigeria and character of the state. Therefore, every future democratic administration is susceptible to the same trajectory. Yet, the progressively degrading tenor of life under military rule has highlighted the intrinsic value of democracy. This article, therefore, attempts to create, from a genetic analysis of the collapse of democracy in Nigeria, the groundwork for a pre-emptive analysis.
{"title":"Transitions from Democracy in Nigeria: Toward a Pre-emptive Analysis","authors":"Ehimika A. Ifidon","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V7I1.27326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V7I1.27326","url":null,"abstract":"Two 'fully fledged' democratic administrations in Nigeria have been terminated by military coups d'etat since independence in 1960. Having, in addition ruled for about 30 out of over 40 years of sovereign existence, the military has been described as the obstacle to the consolidation of democracy. But what a critical reading of Nigeria's political history would reveal is that the elected governments were in the throes of death almost from their inauguration, while the state had virtually collapsed by general election time. The military coup, thus, became a kind of euthanasia. In both cases of breakdown, there was a repeated pattern of transition from democracy marked by depluralization, state appropriation, delegitimation of regimes, inter-hegemonic conflict and, finally, military coup. These are argued as consequences of the peculiar political and intergroup environment of Nigeria and character of the state. Therefore, every future democratic administration is susceptible to the same trajectory. Yet, the progressively degrading tenor of life under military rule has highlighted the intrinsic value of democracy. This article, therefore, attempts to create, from a genetic analysis of the collapse of democracy in Nigeria, the groundwork for a pre-emptive analysis.","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124229163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From \"eco-pessimism\" to \"eco-optimism\" — ECOMOG and The West African Integration Process","authors":"Emmanuel Kwesl Aning","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V4I1.27344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V4I1.27344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125128230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the idea of African renaissance in relation to the teaching of human rights in African schools. It explores the connection between the African Renaissance and human rights, and whether there is a specific African concept of human rights. In the light of these discussions, the article sketches a perspective that should underpin the teaching of human rights a task that the African Charter on Human & Peoples' Rights, 1981 obligates its States Parties to undertake. (A. J. of Political Science: 2001 5(1): 105-123)
{"title":"Human Rights and the African Renaissance","authors":"K. A. Acheampong","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V5I1.27316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V5I1.27316","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the idea of African renaissance in relation to the teaching of human rights in African schools. It explores the connection between the African Renaissance and human rights, and whether there is a specific African concept of human rights. In the light of these discussions, the article sketches a perspective that should underpin the teaching of human rights a task that the African Charter on Human & Peoples' Rights, 1981 obligates its States Parties to undertake. \u0000(A. J. of Political Science: 2001 5(1): 105-123)","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125186675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essay attempts to discuss the genesis and entrenchment of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa taking a holistic approach. By integrating the historical and international contexts of the problem, it links the origins and spread of corruption to the colonization of Africa, the lasting legacy of that colonization, and the actions and practices of international actors. A holistic approach, it is argued, is necessary if the vice is to be understood in its historical totality. This will not only offer a more encompassing explanation of corruption but also allow for the development of well rounded strategies for the alleviation of the problem. The paper concludes that corruption is a multifaceted, complex problem that requires a comprehensive approach that cuts across disciplines. Through such an approach the economic, social, legal, administrative and moral aspects of the problem can be targeted. The approach should also recognize the close linkages among these aspects of the problem and draw in the international dimension of the causes of the problem. While acknowledging that efforts have been expended at the national and international levels to combat corruption, the paper argues that there is still a lot of room for improvement. Much more can be, and needs to be, done. Of particular importance is the need for political goodwill and commitment from governments, bureaucracies and international agencies. This is a necessary condition if the fight against corruption is to be both effective and sustainable.
{"title":"Corruption in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a More Holistic Approach","authors":"M. Mulinge, G. Lesetedi","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V7I1.27324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V7I1.27324","url":null,"abstract":"The essay attempts to discuss the genesis and entrenchment of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa taking a holistic approach. By integrating the historical and international contexts of the problem, it links the origins and spread of corruption to the colonization of Africa, the lasting legacy of that colonization, and the actions and practices of international actors. A holistic approach, it is argued, is necessary if the vice is to be understood in its historical totality. This will not only offer a more encompassing explanation of corruption but also allow for the development of well rounded strategies for the alleviation of the problem. The paper concludes that corruption is a multifaceted, complex problem that requires a comprehensive approach that cuts across disciplines. Through such an approach the economic, social, legal, administrative and moral aspects of the problem can be targeted. The approach should also recognize the close linkages among these aspects of the problem and draw in the international dimension of the causes of the problem. While acknowledging that efforts have been expended at the national and international levels to combat corruption, the paper argues that there is still a lot of room for improvement. Much more can be, and needs to be, done. Of particular importance is the need for political goodwill and commitment from governments, bureaucracies and international agencies. This is a necessary condition if the fight against corruption is to be both effective and sustainable.","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122626797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic and political liberation in Africa has affected fragile national identities constructed over the past thirty or so years. This has led to the reconstruction of different identities and contestations affecting the legitimacy of government institutions in mediating conflict over the distribution of scarce resources. Using Tanzania as a case study, this article examines the relevance of multi-culturalism as a solution to the contest between sub-national identities mobilized by the current economic and political reforms. (A. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(1): 89-104)
{"title":"From 'Imagined Community' to Multicultural Mosaic: \"The Politics of Difference\" in Tanzania","authors":"P. Kaiser","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V6I1.27305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V6I1.27305","url":null,"abstract":"Economic and political liberation in Africa has affected fragile national identities constructed over the past thirty or so years. This has led to the reconstruction of different identities and contestations affecting the legitimacy of government institutions in mediating conflict over the distribution of scarce resources. Using Tanzania as a case study, this article examines the relevance of multi-culturalism as a solution to the contest between sub-national identities mobilized by the current economic and political reforms. \u0000(A. J. of Political Science: 2001 6(1): 89-104)","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122685685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Dimension Ethnique Dans la Dynamique Socio-Politique du Benin Du Renouveau Démocratique","authors":"Dénis Amoussou-Yeye","doi":"10.4314/AJPS.V4I1.27349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJPS.V4I1.27349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'objet et son Analyse Le concept de societe parallele pose en lui-meme probleme puisque le qualificatif qui n'a ete jusqu'ici reserve qu'a l'economie, affecte la societe dominee et cree ainsi une nouvelle problematique. Celle d'une societe marginalisee, politiquement et economiquement, qui fonctionne de maniere independante des structures etatiques alors qu'elle vit sur un territoire national. En plus ses membres se reconnaissent comme des citoyens du pays mais ils n'en respectent pas les lois (devoirs et obligations). Si en economie, pareille phenomene n'a pu etre observe jusqu'a ce point, l'experience de la societe congolaise forte d'un siecle d'une histoire de predation, d'exploitation et de violence etatique arbitraire coloniales et postcoloniales, a, quant a elle, permis la mise en place d'une pareille entite fonctionnant dans une complexite des relations faites d'insubordination, de complicites multiples et d'illegalite rehaussee d'une quete de plus de democratie. L'objet "societe parallele" n'est pas moins l'ensemble des populations ethniques organisees et constituant 1 '"etat local"; il est a la fois le fruit d'un mode de domination et du modele d'accumulation auxquels a recouru l'Etat central pour se maintenir et entretenir la classe dirigeante. Dans cette contribution, il ne s'agit point d'etudier les causes ni la maniere dont la crise actuelle s'est mise en place et articule les differentes composantes sociales et politiques de la societe congolaise. Au contraire, notre objet d'analyse demeure les composantes, le fonctionnement et le sens de la societe parallele: comment s'est-elle erigee et comment fonctionne t-elle pour pouvoir donner une identite multipolaire (ethnique, regionaliste, religieuse, de loisir, etc.) au Congolais, quelle est sa valeur dans le nationalisme
{"title":"Société Parallèle, “Mobutucratie” et Nationalisme Post-colonial en République Démocratique du Congo","authors":"T. Biaya","doi":"10.4314/ajps.v4i1.27346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajps.v4i1.27346","url":null,"abstract":"L'objet et son Analyse Le concept de societe parallele pose en lui-meme probleme puisque le qualificatif qui n'a ete jusqu'ici reserve qu'a l'economie, affecte la societe dominee et cree ainsi une nouvelle problematique. Celle d'une societe marginalisee, politiquement et economiquement, qui fonctionne de maniere independante des structures etatiques alors qu'elle vit sur un territoire national. En plus ses membres se reconnaissent comme des citoyens du pays mais ils n'en respectent pas les lois (devoirs et obligations). Si en economie, pareille phenomene n'a pu etre observe jusqu'a ce point, l'experience de la societe congolaise forte d'un siecle d'une histoire de predation, d'exploitation et de violence etatique arbitraire coloniales et postcoloniales, a, quant a elle, permis la mise en place d'une pareille entite fonctionnant dans une complexite des relations faites d'insubordination, de complicites multiples et d'illegalite rehaussee d'une quete de plus de democratie. L'objet \"societe parallele\" n'est pas moins l'ensemble des populations ethniques organisees et constituant 1 '\"etat local\"; il est a la fois le fruit d'un mode de domination et du modele d'accumulation auxquels a recouru l'Etat central pour se maintenir et entretenir la classe dirigeante. Dans cette contribution, il ne s'agit point d'etudier les causes ni la maniere dont la crise actuelle s'est mise en place et articule les differentes composantes sociales et politiques de la societe congolaise. Au contraire, notre objet d'analyse demeure les composantes, le fonctionnement et le sens de la societe parallele: comment s'est-elle erigee et comment fonctionne t-elle pour pouvoir donner une identite multipolaire (ethnique, regionaliste, religieuse, de loisir, etc.) au Congolais, quelle est sa valeur dans le nationalisme","PeriodicalId":158528,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Political Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127605810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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