Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.7
P. Baklanov, A. V. Moshkov, G. G. Tkachenko, V. Shvedov
Along the perimeter of the Far East region of Russia, a formed closed transport and economic structure has been identified. It can be described as the Great Far Eastern Transport and Economic Ring (GFETER). Four large segments are identified and considered in its composition: the latitudinal Southern and Arctic marine, as well as the meridional Western and Pacific marine. They are large interacting parts of the general territorial and aqua-territorial transport and economic structure, which consists of linear links represented by communication routes, nodes - settlements that perform certain transport and other functions, territorial and water zones of gravity to these structural elements. The analysis of the current state of the spatial structure of GFETER was carried out. This formation serves the most important passenger and cargo transportation - from intra-regional to inter-regional and transit, provides various forms of spatial development of the Far East region.The transport specialization of the elements of this spatial structure of the GFETER is shown. The linear elements of the GFETER segments perform transport functions. Transport nodes in general perform more diverse functions determined by the action of a combination of factors: economic-geographical and transport-geographical position, geodemographic, scientific, technical and natural resource potentials, natural and climatic conditions. The main functions of the GFETER transport hubs are highlighted. The Vladivostok agglomeration hub occupies a special place among them. The significance of the GFETER for the Far East is due to the fact that its segments include territories and water areas where large natural resources are being developed. In the long term, various forms of spatial development of this structure are possible, including the construction of an Arctic railway line and a railway along the river. Lena. The construction of various transport links along the Pacific coast is also expedient. All this will initiate new forms of spatial development of the Far East region as a whole.The development of a transport perimeter in the form of a GFETER significantly expands the prospects for the long-term integrated development of the region, improves the coordination and interaction of various modes of transport, and increases the degree of its regularity and reliability. This is especially true in view of the vast distances and growing volumes of traffic. The logistics potential inherent in GFETER can significantly strengthen Russia’s position in international transportation and cooperation.
{"title":"THE GREAT FAR EASTERN TRANSPORT AND ECONOMIC RING: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS IN THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION","authors":"P. Baklanov, A. V. Moshkov, G. G. Tkachenko, V. Shvedov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Along the perimeter of the Far East region of Russia, a formed closed transport and economic structure has been identified. It can be described as the Great Far Eastern Transport and Economic Ring (GFETER). Four large segments are identified and considered in its composition: the latitudinal Southern and Arctic marine, as well as the meridional Western and Pacific marine. They are large interacting parts of the general territorial and aqua-territorial transport and economic structure, which consists of linear links represented by communication routes, nodes - settlements that perform certain transport and other functions, territorial and water zones of gravity to these structural elements. The analysis of the current state of the spatial structure of GFETER was carried out. This formation serves the most important passenger and cargo transportation - from intra-regional to inter-regional and transit, provides various forms of spatial development of the Far East region.The transport specialization of the elements of this spatial structure of the GFETER is shown. The linear elements of the GFETER segments perform transport functions. Transport nodes in general perform more diverse functions determined by the action of a combination of factors: economic-geographical and transport-geographical position, geodemographic, scientific, technical and natural resource potentials, natural and climatic conditions. The main functions of the GFETER transport hubs are highlighted. The Vladivostok agglomeration hub occupies a special place among them. The significance of the GFETER for the Far East is due to the fact that its segments include territories and water areas where large natural resources are being developed. In the long term, various forms of spatial development of this structure are possible, including the construction of an Arctic railway line and a railway along the river. Lena. The construction of various transport links along the Pacific coast is also expedient. All this will initiate new forms of spatial development of the Far East region as a whole.The development of a transport perimeter in the form of a GFETER significantly expands the prospects for the long-term integrated development of the region, improves the coordination and interaction of various modes of transport, and increases the degree of its regularity and reliability. This is especially true in view of the vast distances and growing volumes of traffic. The logistics potential inherent in GFETER can significantly strengthen Russia’s position in international transportation and cooperation.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.13
I.K. Tverdov, N. Sluka
The assessment of the role of large cities as hubs of foreign TNCs is of particular importance in economic geography in the context of the formation of global business network structures. Based on the Forbes Global 2000 rating data, the range of presence of the world’s largest foreign TNCs’ affiliates in the London agglomeration, their industrial and geographic structure, and the pattern of location were assessed. As a result of the analysis, the historical stages of the formation of foreign corporate segment of the city’s economy were identified. London is highly attractive for foreign corporations, in their numbers it competes equally with New York and the world’s “gateway cities”. The maximum number of foreign TNCs’ affiliates was recorded in the sphere of financial and professional services, and, to a lesser extent, in mechanical engineering, chemical and mining industries. A relatively narrow geography of corporate links is revealed with a clear dominance of US companies. A pronounced “centric” model of foreign TNCs’ affiliates’ location is argued with two key clusters - in the City and Westminster areas.
{"title":"LONDON AS A CENTER OF ATTRACTION FOR FOREIGN TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS","authors":"I.K. Tverdov, N. Sluka","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the role of large cities as hubs of foreign TNCs is of particular importance in economic geography in the context of the formation of global business network structures. Based on the Forbes Global 2000 rating data, the range of presence of the world’s largest foreign TNCs’ affiliates in the London agglomeration, their industrial and geographic structure, and the pattern of location were assessed. As a result of the analysis, the historical stages of the formation of foreign corporate segment of the city’s economy were identified. London is highly attractive for foreign corporations, in their numbers it competes equally with New York and the world’s “gateway cities”. The maximum number of foreign TNCs’ affiliates was recorded in the sphere of financial and professional services, and, to a lesser extent, in mechanical engineering, chemical and mining industries. A relatively narrow geography of corporate links is revealed with a clear dominance of US companies. A pronounced “centric” model of foreign TNCs’ affiliates’ location is argued with two key clusters - in the City and Westminster areas.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"4 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.11
L. Imangulov
The article examines the ethnic aspects of population migration in rural Bashkiria. The study area, i. e. Fedorovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is distinguished by a high ethno-cultural diversity of the population with six large ethnic groups living there, namely Tatars, Russians, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mordvins and Ukrainians. The methods of research are the analysis of municipal statistics and household books of rural settlements, the study of “genealogical trees”, the questioning of people and the autobiographical interviews. Different data sources were used to analyze the dynamics of rural migration at the level of rural settlements of the Fedorovsky district in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. It was found that the migration behavior of population depends on the ethnic structure of rural settlements and their geographical location. The ethnic groups represented in the Fedorovsky district are at different stages of U. Zelinsky migration model, which is reflected in the current migration situation in rural settlements. Collected statistical data allowed selective presentation of the post-Soviet structure of the intraregional geography of rural migration of the population of some settlements in the context of the cities close to the Fedorovsky district, i. e. Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Ishimbai and Meleuz. The final part of the article interprets the results of questioning to describe the mechanism of making a decision on educational migration for residents of three rural settlements with different ethnic structure of population, i. e. Mordovian Kuzminovka, Tatar Deniskino and Chuvash Kiryushino.
{"title":"ETHNIC ASPECTS OF RURAL MIGRATION IN THE FEDOROVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"L. Imangulov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ethnic aspects of population migration in rural Bashkiria. The study area, i. e. Fedorovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is distinguished by a high ethno-cultural diversity of the population with six large ethnic groups living there, namely Tatars, Russians, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mordvins and Ukrainians. The methods of research are the analysis of municipal statistics and household books of rural settlements, the study of “genealogical trees”, the questioning of people and the autobiographical interviews. Different data sources were used to analyze the dynamics of rural migration at the level of rural settlements of the Fedorovsky district in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. It was found that the migration behavior of population depends on the ethnic structure of rural settlements and their geographical location. The ethnic groups represented in the Fedorovsky district are at different stages of U. Zelinsky migration model, which is reflected in the current migration situation in rural settlements. Collected statistical data allowed selective presentation of the post-Soviet structure of the intraregional geography of rural migration of the population of some settlements in the context of the cities close to the Fedorovsky district, i. e. Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Ishimbai and Meleuz. The final part of the article interprets the results of questioning to describe the mechanism of making a decision on educational migration for residents of three rural settlements with different ethnic structure of population, i. e. Mordovian Kuzminovka, Tatar Deniskino and Chuvash Kiryushino.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115268888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.6
A. Romanov, Vasekha N.D.
The ecological patterns of structure formation and spatial differentiation of the winter fauna of mammals in the seas of the northeastern Palearctic are analyzed. The method of aviation route surveys in a 1 km wide zone was applied. Aerial surveys in the end of 1987-1988 winter period covered the Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian Seas, and the eastern part of the Laptev Sea. The recorded species of mammals (n = 7) are ecologically associated with open sea areas, sea ice, continental and island coasts, and continental tundra. The winter fauna of mammals in the seas of the northeastern Palearctic accounts for 23% of the total mammalian fauna of the region; pinnipeds and cetaceans predominate in terms of the number of species. The similality of the winter fauna of mammals in the Arctic Ocean and the Northern Pacific is 36%. Most of the mammals were observed on the leads in the contact zones between different types of ice or in iceholes among the ice of autumn formation. Polar bears were most often observed near the Wrangel Island, beluga whales - to the east and northeast of the Navarin Cape, walruses - to the south of the Providence Bay. The average density of the winter population of mammals in the surveyed seas of the Northeastern Palearctic is 6.2 individuals/100 km². Walruses, beluga whales, and ringed seals predominate in the population, totaling 94% of the animal numbers.
{"title":"STRUCTURE OF THE WINTER FAUNA OF MAMMALS IN THE SEAS OF NORTHEASTERN PALEARCTIC OF RUSSIA","authors":"A. Romanov, Vasekha N.D.","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological patterns of structure formation and spatial differentiation of the winter fauna of mammals in the seas of the northeastern Palearctic are analyzed. The method of aviation route surveys in a 1 km wide zone was applied. Aerial surveys in the end of 1987-1988 winter period covered the Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian Seas, and the eastern part of the Laptev Sea. The recorded species of mammals (n = 7) are ecologically associated with open sea areas, sea ice, continental and island coasts, and continental tundra. The winter fauna of mammals in the seas of the northeastern Palearctic accounts for 23% of the total mammalian fauna of the region; pinnipeds and cetaceans predominate in terms of the number of species. The similality of the winter fauna of mammals in the Arctic Ocean and the Northern Pacific is 36%. Most of the mammals were observed on the leads in the contact zones between different types of ice or in iceholes among the ice of autumn formation. Polar bears were most often observed near the Wrangel Island, beluga whales - to the east and northeast of the Navarin Cape, walruses - to the south of the Providence Bay. The average density of the winter population of mammals in the surveyed seas of the Northeastern Palearctic is 6.2 individuals/100 km². Walruses, beluga whales, and ringed seals predominate in the population, totaling 94% of the animal numbers.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"515 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123075806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.12
F. Khikmatov, N. Frolova, G.Kh. Yunusov, Y. Datsenko
The article deals with the study of the dependence of return collector-drainage water from the large irrigated areas on the volume of water withdrawal for irrigation purposes and the total area of crops. The task is solved in the context of irrigated lands in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan. Three variants of calculation were performed using an objective method of equalizing and normalizing correlations. Equations of normalized regression are obtained that characterize the relationship between the collector-drainage runoff, the volume of water intake from the Amu-Bukhara canal and the area of irrigated land. Their total multiple correlation coefficients are rather high. Based on the third variant of these equations, a calculated nomogram was plotted. The accuracy of the nomogram was assessed. The results showed that it can be used both for calculation and forecast of collector-drainage runoff from the large irrigated land areas in arid zones.
{"title":"QUANTITATION OF RETURN COLLECTOR-DRAINAGE WATER FROM THE IRRIGATED AREAS IN ARID ZONES","authors":"F. Khikmatov, N. Frolova, G.Kh. Yunusov, Y. Datsenko","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the study of the dependence of return collector-drainage water from the large irrigated areas on the volume of water withdrawal for irrigation purposes and the total area of crops. The task is solved in the context of irrigated lands in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan. Three variants of calculation were performed using an objective method of equalizing and normalizing correlations. Equations of normalized regression are obtained that characterize the relationship between the collector-drainage runoff, the volume of water intake from the Amu-Bukhara canal and the area of irrigated land. Their total multiple correlation coefficients are rather high. Based on the third variant of these equations, a calculated nomogram was plotted. The accuracy of the nomogram was assessed. The results showed that it can be used both for calculation and forecast of collector-drainage runoff from the large irrigated land areas in arid zones.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124507968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.2
R. Chalov
For the first time, the conditions for floodplain-channel braided reaches formation are analyzed, the criteria for their identification as a structural level of channel processes are justified, and their connection with river water content, channel regime, flooding of floodplains during high water periods and morphology of valleys is discussed. This type of braided reaches is characteristic of wide-floodplain channels, being a specific form of meandering processes of medium and large rivers, such as the Upper and Middle Ob’, Vychegda, and Oka rivers. They are less common for rivers with braided channel and could be found only on large and largest ones (the Severnaya Dvina, the Lower Lena rivers) and in meandering channel branches of split channels (Yugans-kaya, Malaya, and Gornaya Ob’ rivers). Such floodplain-channel braided reaches are the result of evolution of meanders or island-braided channels; they are formed as the river passes from one side of the valley to another due to the mismatch between channel and floodplain water flows during seasonal and flash flood periods. They could be formed if the effective water discharge occurs when the floodplain is inundated. They also arise: downstream large headlands of bedrock banks or bends of the valley, which have a directing effect on the flow, deflecting it towards the floodplain and contributing to higher water content in the floodplain channel branches and turning them into river channel branches; as a result of intra-floodplain interceptions of channel branches of split channel and floodplain channel branches; during the formation and evolution of cut-off bends; at confluences of large rivers due to the development of “delta” branches (Ob’ and Tom’ rivers, Amur and Bureya rivers). In floodplain-channel braided reaches with three or four branches they have a polygenetic character. They are rare in incised channels, being associated with large local expansions of channels (the Yenisey River, the Upper Lena River) as a result of water stream spreading and its rising because of the downstream narro wing by bedrock banks.Between channel branches of the floodplain-channel braided reaches there are large island massifs of complicated shape, with much less ratio of their length (branching step) and width than the optimal one, i.e. 3-4, characteristic of island-braided channels of a drop-shaped or spindle-shaped form. The branches of floodplain-channel braided reaches have their own series of morphodynamic channel types (up to 3-5 bends or island-braided reaches), the parameters of which depend on the water content of channel branches.
本文首次分析了河漫滩-河道辫状河段形成的条件，论证了辫状河段作为河道过程的一个结构层次的识别标准，并讨论了辫状河段与河流含水量、河道状况、高潮期河漫滩洪水和河谷形态的关系。这种辫状河段具有宽河漫滩河道的特点，是上、中奥布河、维切格达河、奥卡河等大中型河流曲流过程的特殊形式。它们在辫状河道的河流中不太常见，只能在较大和最大的河流(Severnaya Dvina河，下勒拿河)和分裂河道的蜿蜒河道分支(yugansa -kaya河，Malaya河和Gornaya Ob '河)中发现。这种河漫滩-河道辫状河段是曲流或岛屿辫状河道演变的结果;它们是在河流从山谷的一边流向另一边时形成的，这是由于河道和泛滥平原的水流在季节性和山洪暴发期间不匹配造成的。当洪泛平原被淹没时，如果发生有效排水，就会形成洪泛平原。它们还出现在:基岩河岸的下游大岬角或山谷的弯曲处，它们对水流有导向作用，使水流向洪泛区偏转，使洪泛区河道分支的含水量增加，使洪泛区河道分支变成河道分支;由于劈裂河道分支和河漫滩河道分支在河漫滩内的截流;截止弯的形成和演化过程;在大河的汇合处，由于“三角洲”分支的发展(鄂布河和汤姆河，阿穆尔河和布里亚河)。在河漫滩-河道辫状河段中，有三个或四个分支，它们具有多成因特征。它们在切割河道中是罕见的，与河道(叶尼塞河、上勒拿河)的大面积局部扩张有关，这是由于水流扩张和基岩河岸下游狭窄翼的上升造成的。在河漫滩-河道辫状河段的河道支流之间存在形状复杂的大型岛状体，其长度(分支阶数)与宽度的比值远小于最优值(3-4)，具有水滴状或纺锤状岛屿辫状河道的特征。河漫滩-河道辫状河段分支有自己的一系列形态动力型河道类型(最多3-5个弯或岛屿辫状河段)，其参数取决于河道分支的含水量。
{"title":"FLOODPLAIN-CHANNEL BRAIDED REACHES: FORMING CONDITIONS AND HYDROLOGICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"R. Chalov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the conditions for floodplain-channel braided reaches formation are analyzed, the criteria for their identification as a structural level of channel processes are justified, and their connection with river water content, channel regime, flooding of floodplains during high water periods and morphology of valleys is discussed. This type of braided reaches is characteristic of wide-floodplain channels, being a specific form of meandering processes of medium and large rivers, such as the Upper and Middle Ob’, Vychegda, and Oka rivers. They are less common for rivers with braided channel and could be found only on large and largest ones (the Severnaya Dvina, the Lower Lena rivers) and in meandering channel branches of split channels (Yugans-kaya, Malaya, and Gornaya Ob’ rivers). Such floodplain-channel braided reaches are the result of evolution of meanders or island-braided channels; they are formed as the river passes from one side of the valley to another due to the mismatch between channel and floodplain water flows during seasonal and flash flood periods. They could be formed if the effective water discharge occurs when the floodplain is inundated. They also arise: downstream large headlands of bedrock banks or bends of the valley, which have a directing effect on the flow, deflecting it towards the floodplain and contributing to higher water content in the floodplain channel branches and turning them into river channel branches; as a result of intra-floodplain interceptions of channel branches of split channel and floodplain channel branches; during the formation and evolution of cut-off bends; at confluences of large rivers due to the development of “delta” branches (Ob’ and Tom’ rivers, Amur and Bureya rivers). In floodplain-channel braided reaches with three or four branches they have a polygenetic character. They are rare in incised channels, being associated with large local expansions of channels (the Yenisey River, the Upper Lena River) as a result of water stream spreading and its rising because of the downstream narro wing by bedrock banks.Between channel branches of the floodplain-channel braided reaches there are large island massifs of complicated shape, with much less ratio of their length (branching step) and width than the optimal one, i.e. 3-4, characteristic of island-braided channels of a drop-shaped or spindle-shaped form. The branches of floodplain-channel braided reaches have their own series of morphodynamic channel types (up to 3-5 bends or island-braided reaches), the parameters of which depend on the water content of channel branches.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127912673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.10
Т.А. Yanina, R. Kurbanov, N. Taratunina, T. Romanis, М.V. Еltsov, N. V. Lavrentiev, N. I. Glushankova, S. Remizov, YA.D. Ivanov, M. D. Kupriyanova, A. Otcherednoy
The Sukhaya Mechetka is the most important Middle Paleolithic site in the Eastern Europe. The paper presents the analysis of the section, including its cultural layer, in the context of stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lower Volga River region. The structure of the section represents 11 main stages of sedimentation and paleogeographic evolution of the site territory, which are closely related to global and regional changes in the climate and the level of the Caspian Sea. The base of the section reflects the stage of a river existence on the territory of the site that flowed into the Volga River estuary, formed by the Early Khazarian transgression of the Caspian Sea at the end of the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 6). A long continental period of evolution under multi-directional climate fluctuations of different amplitudes from the Mikulino interglacial (MIS 5e) till the Late Valdai glacial epoch (MIS 2) is reflected in the middle part of the section. The Late Khazarian and Hyrcanian transgressive basins (MIS 5), as well as the Paleo-Khvalynian stage (MIS 3) of the Caspian Sea did not reach the latitude of Sukhaya Mechetka. The stage of Early Khvalynian transgression (MIS 2, 16 190 ± 200 years ago) during the degradation of Ostashkovo glaciation is expressed in the upper part of the section. Three paleosoils have been found that reflect the warming periods of the MIS 5 stage and are related to its 5e, 5c and 5a sub-stages. The middle paleosoil contains a cultural layer assigned to the Micoquian/KMG community of Northern Eurasia. The climate was moderately warm during the Neanderthal settlement of the territory, steppe landscapes dominated the interfluve, and the forests grew in the balka. The Hyrcanian transgression of the Caspian Sea with an estuary in the Volga River valley predetermined a high erosion basis and the formation of a balka with a wide bottom and gentle banks. A permanent fresh watercourse attracted mammals which were an object of hunting for ancient men. All this, obviously, became a basis for the organization of settlement in the Sukhaya Mechetka balka. Correlation of the section with detailed studied loess-soil sections of the Lower Volga River region makes it possible to determine the age of its cultural horizon in between 97-110 thousand years ago.
{"title":"PALEOLITHIC SITE SUKHAYA MECHETKA (VOLGOGRAD) IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE LOWER VOLGA RIVER AREA","authors":"Т.А. Yanina, R. Kurbanov, N. Taratunina, T. Romanis, М.V. Еltsov, N. V. Lavrentiev, N. I. Glushankova, S. Remizov, YA.D. Ivanov, M. D. Kupriyanova, A. Otcherednoy","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Sukhaya Mechetka is the most important Middle Paleolithic site in the Eastern Europe. The paper presents the analysis of the section, including its cultural layer, in the context of stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lower Volga River region. The structure of the section represents 11 main stages of sedimentation and paleogeographic evolution of the site territory, which are closely related to global and regional changes in the climate and the level of the Caspian Sea. The base of the section reflects the stage of a river existence on the territory of the site that flowed into the Volga River estuary, formed by the Early Khazarian transgression of the Caspian Sea at the end of the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 6). A long continental period of evolution under multi-directional climate fluctuations of different amplitudes from the Mikulino interglacial (MIS 5e) till the Late Valdai glacial epoch (MIS 2) is reflected in the middle part of the section. The Late Khazarian and Hyrcanian transgressive basins (MIS 5), as well as the Paleo-Khvalynian stage (MIS 3) of the Caspian Sea did not reach the latitude of Sukhaya Mechetka. The stage of Early Khvalynian transgression (MIS 2, 16 190 ± 200 years ago) during the degradation of Ostashkovo glaciation is expressed in the upper part of the section. Three paleosoils have been found that reflect the warming periods of the MIS 5 stage and are related to its 5e, 5c and 5a sub-stages. The middle paleosoil contains a cultural layer assigned to the Micoquian/KMG community of Northern Eurasia. The climate was moderately warm during the Neanderthal settlement of the territory, steppe landscapes dominated the interfluve, and the forests grew in the balka. The Hyrcanian transgression of the Caspian Sea with an estuary in the Volga River valley predetermined a high erosion basis and the formation of a balka with a wide bottom and gentle banks. A permanent fresh watercourse attracted mammals which were an object of hunting for ancient men. All this, obviously, became a basis for the organization of settlement in the Sukhaya Mechetka balka. Correlation of the section with detailed studied loess-soil sections of the Lower Volga River region makes it possible to determine the age of its cultural horizon in between 97-110 thousand years ago.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.3
I. Smirnov
The article examines the spatial structure of small towns in Central Russia. The information base of the study covers satellite images of 190 small towns. The paper proposes a concept of morphological structure of the city, which is determined by the nature (shape) of external boundaries, the presence of significant internal barriers leading to the fragmentation of space, and isolated urban areas. A methodology for assessing the complexity of urban space is suggested. It is based on the scoring of the impact of various geographical barriers on the urban environment. The most significant barriers include rivers and railways; the relief features, the location of industrial enterprises and the presence of protected areas were also considered. Special emphasis was given to urban areas isolated from the main built-up territories, i. e. exclaves. Five classes of urban space complexity have been identified, from very simple to very complex. The most complex space is typical of five small towns, which were initially clusters of workers’ settlements. The combination of data on the morpho-logical structure and complexity of space made it possible to identify six final forms of the spatial structure of the city. More often than others, there are cities with a dissected morphological structure in combination with a medium-complex space. One third of the cities under consideration have such parameters. The smallest number of cities has a dissected complex space. The cities tend to increase the complexity of their space in the process of development. The study showed that despite small population, the towns under consideration have very complex spatial structure
{"title":"SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL CITIES: THE APPROACHES TO TYPOLOGY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS FROM CENTRAL RUSSIA)","authors":"I. Smirnov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the spatial structure of small towns in Central Russia. The information base of the study covers satellite images of 190 small towns. The paper proposes a concept of morphological structure of the city, which is determined by the nature (shape) of external boundaries, the presence of significant internal barriers leading to the fragmentation of space, and isolated urban areas. A methodology for assessing the complexity of urban space is suggested. It is based on the scoring of the impact of various geographical barriers on the urban environment. The most significant barriers include rivers and railways; the relief features, the location of industrial enterprises and the presence of protected areas were also considered. Special emphasis was given to urban areas isolated from the main built-up territories, i. e. exclaves. Five classes of urban space complexity have been identified, from very simple to very complex. The most complex space is typical of five small towns, which were initially clusters of workers’ settlements. The combination of data on the morpho-logical structure and complexity of space made it possible to identify six final forms of the spatial structure of the city. More often than others, there are cities with a dissected morphological structure in combination with a medium-complex space. One third of the cities under consideration have such parameters. The smallest number of cities has a dissected complex space. The cities tend to increase the complexity of their space in the process of development. The study showed that despite small population, the towns under consideration have very complex spatial structure","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116243652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.5
S. Malkhazova, N. Shartova, S. Zelikhina, D. Orlov
The medical-geographical analysis of spatially heterogeneous distribution of tick-borne infections in the south of the Far East was provided. The cartographic analysis of the spread of infections was carried out on the basis of literary materials and statistical data of Rospotrebnadzor on the incidence of tick-borne diseases. Statistically significant spatial clusters with a high level of morbidity with different local confinement were identified. The high levels of morbidity were found in the south of the Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast for Siberian tick typhus, in the central part of the Khabarovsk Krai for tick-borne borreliosis, and in the southwest of the Zabajkalsky Krai for tick-borne encephalitis.
{"title":"SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTH OF THE FAR EAST","authors":"S. Malkhazova, N. Shartova, S. Zelikhina, D. Orlov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The medical-geographical analysis of spatially heterogeneous distribution of tick-borne infections in the south of the Far East was provided. The cartographic analysis of the spread of infections was carried out on the basis of literary materials and statistical data of Rospotrebnadzor on the incidence of tick-borne diseases. Statistically significant spatial clusters with a high level of morbidity with different local confinement were identified. The high levels of morbidity were found in the south of the Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast for Siberian tick typhus, in the central part of the Khabarovsk Krai for tick-borne borreliosis, and in the southwest of the Zabajkalsky Krai for tick-borne encephalitis.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128141372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414-5-2023-1-106-117
O. Tregubov, V. Razzhivin, V. Shamov, L. Lebedeva
The article analyses landscape factors that determine the runoff of small Arctic and Subarctic rivers in the far northeast of Asia. The paper considers hydrography, structure of permafrost landscapes and their hydro-chemical characteristics, and the spatial dynamics of low-water runoff in the basins of the Ugolnaya-Dionisiya and Yanranayvaam rivers. It has been established that sustainable water intake depends on the ratio of land-scapes generating and depositing the permafrost runoff, namely Arctic char gravelly shrub tundra, lowland tussock tundra and hummock swamps. The low-water runoff of 20-50 l/km2·sec is typical for the sources of rivers, where seasonal char ice melts in the slope deposits and condensation waters are formed. Melt water of sea-sonal intra-surface soil ice on the gentle slopes of tundra hummocks provides specific runoff of 10-20 l/km2·sec. Upland and lowland marshes deposit above-frozen waters, and their runoff is less than 10 l/km2ˑsec. Using the example of two catchment basins, it is shown that the decrease in precipitation in the north of Chukotka is almost completely compensated by the formation of condensation waters. At the same time, inground seasonal infiltration soil ice is replaced in Arctic landscapes by infiltration-condensation char ice, and its melt water makes up for the loss of surface runoff.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF BASIN LANDSCAPE PATTERN ON SPECIFIC LOW-WATER FLOW OF SMALL RIVERS IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH OF CHUKOTKA","authors":"O. Tregubov, V. Razzhivin, V. Shamov, L. Lebedeva","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414-5-2023-1-106-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414-5-2023-1-106-117","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses landscape factors that determine the runoff of small Arctic and Subarctic rivers in the far northeast of Asia. The paper considers hydrography, structure of permafrost landscapes and their hydro-chemical characteristics, and the spatial dynamics of low-water runoff in the basins of the Ugolnaya-Dionisiya and Yanranayvaam rivers. It has been established that sustainable water intake depends on the ratio of land-scapes generating and depositing the permafrost runoff, namely Arctic char gravelly shrub tundra, lowland tussock tundra and hummock swamps. The low-water runoff of 20-50 l/km2·sec is typical for the sources of rivers, where seasonal char ice melts in the slope deposits and condensation waters are formed. Melt water of sea-sonal intra-surface soil ice on the gentle slopes of tundra hummocks provides specific runoff of 10-20 l/km2·sec. Upland and lowland marshes deposit above-frozen waters, and their runoff is less than 10 l/km2ˑsec. Using the example of two catchment basins, it is shown that the decrease in precipitation in the north of Chukotka is almost completely compensated by the formation of condensation waters. At the same time, inground seasonal infiltration soil ice is replaced in Arctic landscapes by infiltration-condensation char ice, and its melt water makes up for the loss of surface runoff.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126425965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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