Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.3
I.V. KOVALYOVA, V.V. SUSLIN
The joint dynamics of the Black Sea phytoplankton parameters (primary production, specific growth rate, biomass) and the amount of precipitation over the period from 1998 to 2015 was studied in coastal areas and the open coast of the northern part of the Black Sea. The analysis used satellite data (SG) (GPCPMON) GPCP Version 3.2, TRMM TMPA (3B42RT), as well as SeaWiFS from 1998 to 2010, MODIS-Aqua from 2002 to 2015 and MODIS-Terra from 2000 to 2015. Phytoplankton indicators were calculated according to 46 КОВАЛЕВА, СУСЛИН LOMONOSOV GEOGRAPHY JOURNAL. 2023. VOL. 78. NO. 4 the models developed earlier by the authors. The average monthly values of all considered values were evaluated, as well as bi-weekly and daily values for atmospheric precipitation. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the role of atmospheric precipitation for the variability of phytoplankton characteristics is not significant in vast water areas over long time intervals, and it could be neglected. In some cases in the presence of large rivers and coastal runoff it increases up to 30% in the offshore areas. There was also a more noticeable effect of atmospheric precipitation on the biological productivity of phytoplankton in small, limited water areas over short time intervals. According to our data during the 18-year period there was a more noticeable correlation between the specific growth rate and precipitation in winter than in other seasons for the open coast of the Black Sea. The correlation of biomass and primary production with atmospheric precipitation is less pronounced. The specific growth rate correlated more than other studied phytoplankton indicators with the amount of precipitation. In three districts, an increase in the amount of precipitation relative to the previous level with monthly averages above 0,6 mm/day led to an increase in the specific growth rate, or maintained it at the same level. The increase in the specific growth rate was not the same everywhere and was not proportional to the amount of atmospheric precipitation. This indicates the influence of many factors on phytoplankton characteristics; however, precipitation could have an additional stimulating role.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION AND SURFACE RUNOFF ON PHYTOPLANKTON CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA","authors":"I.V. KOVALYOVA, V.V. SUSLIN","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The joint dynamics of the Black Sea phytoplankton parameters (primary production, specific growth rate, biomass) and the amount of precipitation over the period from 1998 to 2015 was studied in coastal areas and the open coast of the northern part of the Black Sea. The analysis used satellite data (SG) (GPCPMON) GPCP Version 3.2, TRMM TMPA (3B42RT), as well as SeaWiFS from 1998 to 2010, MODIS-Aqua from 2002 to 2015 and MODIS-Terra from 2000 to 2015. Phytoplankton indicators were calculated according to 46 КОВАЛЕВА, СУСЛИН LOMONOSOV GEOGRAPHY JOURNAL. 2023. VOL. 78. NO. 4 the models developed earlier by the authors. The average monthly values of all considered values were evaluated, as well as bi-weekly and daily values for atmospheric precipitation. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the role of atmospheric precipitation for the variability of phytoplankton characteristics is not significant in vast water areas over long time intervals, and it could be neglected. In some cases in the presence of large rivers and coastal runoff it increases up to 30% in the offshore areas. There was also a more noticeable effect of atmospheric precipitation on the biological productivity of phytoplankton in small, limited water areas over short time intervals. According to our data during the 18-year period there was a more noticeable correlation between the specific growth rate and precipitation in winter than in other seasons for the open coast of the Black Sea. The correlation of biomass and primary production with atmospheric precipitation is less pronounced. The specific growth rate correlated more than other studied phytoplankton indicators with the amount of precipitation. In three districts, an increase in the amount of precipitation relative to the previous level with monthly averages above 0,6 mm/day led to an increase in the specific growth rate, or maintained it at the same level. The increase in the specific growth rate was not the same everywhere and was not proportional to the amount of atmospheric precipitation. This indicates the influence of many factors on phytoplankton characteristics; however, precipitation could have an additional stimulating role.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.2
A.T. BARABANOV, A.I. PETELKO
The results of long-term studies of several generations of scientists at the Novosilskaya zonal agroforestry and reclamation experimental station named after A.S. Kozmenko (a branch of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences), initiated by Professor G.P. Surmach, were summarized and analyzed. The task was to assess the nature of the spring slope runoff formation and show the role of natural factors and agricultural activities. The methodological basis of the research was the method of runoff sites. As a result of a long (64 year long) study, a number of important dependencies and features of the runoff formation under different natural and climatic conditions were identified, as well as the influence of natural factors and agricultural activities on it (structure of sown areas, cultivation history, tillage methods, etc.). Scientific materials on the elements of the spring water balance give an idea of their patterns. It has been established that only three natural factors out of a large number of them have a significant impact on the slope spring runoff, i. e. the depth of soil freezing, snow reserves and humidity of the upper soil layer (down to 30 cm). Other factors almost do not affect the amount of runoff and they could be ignored in the process of calculation. The limiting levels of these three factors have been established, under which no runoff is formed. During 64 years of study, runoff was absent for 33 years, ranging from 1 to 146 mm in other years. Among anthropogenic factors, tillage methods and the state of agricultural backgrounds have a profound influence. The runoff regulatory importance of finching and the runoff forming role of perennial grasses and winter crops are discussed. On average, runoff from compacted arable land was 10 mm higher compared to loose chick; in some years the difference was significantly greater. The results of the study are necessary for the design of erosion-control adaptive landscape farming system.
{"title":"FACTORS OF SLOPE SPRING RUNOFF ON GRAY FOREST SOILS IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE","authors":"A.T. BARABANOV, A.I. PETELKO","doi":"10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The results of long-term studies of several generations of scientists at the Novosilskaya zonal agroforestry and reclamation experimental station named after A.S. Kozmenko (a branch of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences), initiated by Professor G.P. Surmach, were summarized and analyzed. The task was to assess the nature of the spring slope runoff formation and show the role of natural factors and agricultural activities. The methodological basis of the research was the method of runoff sites. As a result of a long (64 year long) study, a number of important dependencies and features of the runoff formation under different natural and climatic conditions were identified, as well as the influence of natural factors and agricultural activities on it (structure of sown areas, cultivation history, tillage methods, etc.). Scientific materials on the elements of the spring water balance give an idea of their patterns. It has been established that only three natural factors out of a large number of them have a significant impact on the slope spring runoff, i. e. the depth of soil freezing, snow reserves and humidity of the upper soil layer (down to 30 cm). Other factors almost do not affect the amount of runoff and they could be ignored in the process of calculation. The limiting levels of these three factors have been established, under which no runoff is formed. During 64 years of study, runoff was absent for 33 years, ranging from 1 to 146 mm in other years. Among anthropogenic factors, tillage methods and the state of agricultural backgrounds have a profound influence. The runoff regulatory importance of finching and the runoff forming role of perennial grasses and winter crops are discussed. On average, runoff from compacted arable land was 10 mm higher compared to loose chick; in some years the difference was significantly greater. The results of the study are necessary for the design of erosion-control adaptive landscape farming system.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of the spatial structure of landscapes of arid highlands was carried out by combinations of se veral morphometric characteristics based on the high-resolution remote sensing data. The choice of the Mongun Taiga Mountains located in the west of the Republic of Tyva (Russia), as a model site, is due to the possibility of verifying the results of morphometric analysis using the extensive material from long-term field studies of the massif. It is shown that the territory could be split into sections relatively homogeneous in terms of relief morphometric parameters in order to describe the locations with a sufficiently high accuracy. It has been established that the entropy of the distribution of plant community groups, averaged over altitudinal intervals, significantly decreases when locations are identified based on combinations of morphometric values for the entire altitudinal profile, regardless of the macroslope. Combining field trials, cartographic and remote sensing methods makes it possible to assert that proposed set of morphometric characteristics is able to output plant cover horizontal structure. It can be used for automatic interpretation of hardly accessible areas of Inner Asia as well as for the forecast of landscape structure transformation as a result of spontaneous or human-induced changes.
{"title":"MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN ARID HIGHLANDS (CASE STUDY OF THE MONGUN TAIGA MOUNTAINS)","authors":"E.S. ZELEPUKINA, S.A. GAVRILKINA, A.V. TEREKHOV, A.I. REZNIKOV","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the spatial structure of landscapes of arid highlands was carried out by combinations of se veral morphometric characteristics based on the high-resolution remote sensing data. The choice of the Mongun Taiga Mountains located in the west of the Republic of Tyva (Russia), as a model site, is due to the possibility of verifying the results of morphometric analysis using the extensive material from long-term field studies of the massif. It is shown that the territory could be split into sections relatively homogeneous in terms of relief morphometric parameters in order to describe the locations with a sufficiently high accuracy. It has been established that the entropy of the distribution of plant community groups, averaged over altitudinal intervals, significantly decreases when locations are identified based on combinations of morphometric values for the entire altitudinal profile, regardless of the macroslope. Combining field trials, cartographic and remote sensing methods makes it possible to assert that proposed set of morphometric characteristics is able to output plant cover horizontal structure. It can be used for automatic interpretation of hardly accessible areas of Inner Asia as well as for the forecast of landscape structure transformation as a result of spontaneous or human-induced changes.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.7
A.-А.A. Zvereva, I.S. Tikhotskaya
The article seeks to identify the features of creative industries in Japanese cities with a population over 1 million people. Since there is no universal definition of creative industries in Japan and no officially adopted classification, we analyzed and aggregated various sources of information to develop a classification of creative industries, which takes into account specific features of Japanese culture and traditions. The analysis of creative industries in the largest cities has revealed that the advanced creative industry, i. e. “IT and computer services”, is the most developed creative sector in Japan. The most widely spread traditional industries include “crafts and applied arts” and “architecture”. For all 12 cities included in the analysis we calculated specialization coefficients, i.e. the ratio of the share of creative organizations and employed in the creative industries in a city to the corresponding shares of the industry in the country, and built petal diagrams for all creative industries. As a result, we have obtained an understanding about creative profiles of all largest Japanese cities. We applied a comparative-geographical method to identify territorial differences in the development of creative industries in Japanese cities, and a cartographic method to reveal the territorial structure of creative industries at the national level. The study has shown that the creative industries are unevenly distributed over the country and the territorial structure of creative industries in Japan is monocentric with hyperconcentration in Tokyo, the “creative hub” of the whole country, which is intended to become a creative center of Asia. Our study revealed that as the city’s population decreases, the number of creative organizations and people employed in creative industries is declining quite steadily. The progress of the creative sector is an important component of the “Cool Japan” national policy, which views Japanese traditions and cultural heritage as innovations for economic growth and the development of creative industries. Depending on the number of found creative industries we identified first-, second-, and third-order “creative cores” which have a potential to become creative centers in their regions.
{"title":"CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN MAJOR CITIES OF JAPAN","authors":"A.-А.A. Zvereva, I.S. Tikhotskaya","doi":"10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article seeks to identify the features of creative industries in Japanese cities with a population over 1 million people. Since there is no universal definition of creative industries in Japan and no officially adopted classification, we analyzed and aggregated various sources of information to develop a classification of creative industries, which takes into account specific features of Japanese culture and traditions. The analysis of creative industries in the largest cities has revealed that the advanced creative industry, i. e. “IT and computer services”, is the most developed creative sector in Japan. The most widely spread traditional industries include “crafts and applied arts” and “architecture”. For all 12 cities included in the analysis we calculated specialization coefficients, i.e. the ratio of the share of creative organizations and employed in the creative industries in a city to the corresponding shares of the industry in the country, and built petal diagrams for all creative industries. As a result, we have obtained an understanding about creative profiles of all largest Japanese cities. We applied a comparative-geographical method to identify territorial differences in the development of creative industries in Japanese cities, and a cartographic method to reveal the territorial structure of creative industries at the national level. The study has shown that the creative industries are unevenly distributed over the country and the territorial structure of creative industries in Japan is monocentric with hyperconcentration in Tokyo, the “creative hub” of the whole country, which is intended to become a creative center of Asia. Our study revealed that as the city’s population decreases, the number of creative organizations and people employed in creative industries is declining quite steadily. The progress of the creative sector is an important component of the “Cool Japan” national policy, which views Japanese traditions and cultural heritage as innovations for economic growth and the development of creative industries. Depending on the number of found creative industries we identified first-, second-, and third-order “creative cores” which have a potential to become creative centers in their regions.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.2
T. I. Gorkina
The current stage of development of the world energy industry is taking place in line with the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the changing ways of life and the introduction of new technologies based on R&D. Environmental pollution has reached a large scale, and as a result it has become necessary to change the structure of modern fuel and energy balance in favor of renewable and non-traditional energy sources. Asian countries vary widely in terms of the level of economic development, making it difficult to create an integrated energy market in Asia. A typology of countries according to the level of economic development was elaborated on the basis of a multi-scale analysis using traditional methods of economic geography. In total these countries rank first in the world in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for almost 60% of pollutants released into the environment. The fuel and energy balance of Asian countries is characterized by a high proportion of coal, which contributes to the large-scale environment pollution. In accordance with international practice, the countries of the continent adopted energy programs aimed at lesser emissions by reducing the share of coal and switching to low-carbon energy sources. The energy transition can take place primarily in the leading Asian countries that have necessary financial resources. Most Asian countries are at the early stages of industrialization, and the energy transition is almost impossible at this stage because they use energy-intensive industrial technologies. The urgent need to stop climate change comes into conflict with rising energy consumption. Asia has become the world’s leader in energy consumption, as it takes place not only in industry, but also in the utility sector, because 4.2 billion people, or more than 50% of the world’s urban population, live in cities. China has become a leader in the introduction of renewable energy sources, the country has developed and implements new environmental standards that will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through the accelerated commissioning of new zero-emission power plants. The rejection of coal could aggravate socio-economic problemsof Asia because of its high share in the fuel and energy balance and the large number of people employed in the industry. In line with the sustainable development goals, the Asian countries try to introduce renewable energy sources based on the local comparative advantages.
{"title":"SPECIAL FEATURES OF ENERGY TRANSITION IN ASIAN COUNTRIES","authors":"T. I. Gorkina","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The current stage of development of the world energy industry is taking place in line with the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the changing ways of life and the introduction of new technologies based on R&D. Environmental pollution has reached a large scale, and as a result it has become necessary to change the structure of modern fuel and energy balance in favor of renewable and non-traditional energy sources. Asian countries vary widely in terms of the level of economic development, making it difficult to create an integrated energy market in Asia. A typology of countries according to the level of economic development was elaborated on the basis of a multi-scale analysis using traditional methods of economic geography. In total these countries rank first in the world in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for almost 60% of pollutants released into the environment. The fuel and energy balance of Asian countries is characterized by a high proportion of coal, which contributes to the large-scale environment pollution. In accordance with international practice, the countries of the continent adopted energy programs aimed at lesser emissions by reducing the share of coal and switching to low-carbon energy sources. The energy transition can take place primarily in the leading Asian countries that have necessary financial resources. Most Asian countries are at the early stages of industrialization, and the energy transition is almost impossible at this stage because they use energy-intensive industrial technologies. The urgent need to stop climate change comes into conflict with rising energy consumption. Asia has become the world’s leader in energy consumption, as it takes place not only in industry, but also in the utility sector, because 4.2 billion people, or more than 50% of the world’s urban population, live in cities. China has become a leader in the introduction of renewable energy sources, the country has developed and implements new environmental standards that will achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 through the accelerated commissioning of new zero-emission power plants. The rejection of coal could aggravate socio-economic problemsof Asia because of its high share in the fuel and energy balance and the large number of people employed in the industry. In line with the sustainable development goals, the Asian countries try to introduce renewable energy sources based on the local comparative advantages.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.3
Yu. A. Kuzychenko, K. Katkov
The arable soils of Stavropol are affected by various natural and man-made factors that reduce soil fertility, therefore, the development of a number of specific soil protection measures is an important practical task. The processes affecting the soil are usually complex and include a certain number of factors (water erosion, deflation, etc.), which are more or less manifested on a certain type of chernozem and chestnut soils. The main task is to comprehensively assess the state of arable soils based on the information about the areas of factors affecting soils in the survey areas. For this purpose, the calculation method of main components is used, which allows to obtain the values of the complex indicator of the state of soil (CISS). It was found that the main component PC 1 includes the following significant factors: solonchaks and saline soils; salt marshes and washed away soils. The PC 2 component includes deflated and waterlogged soils. The main contribution to the PC 3 component is by the following factor: soils destroyed by combined erosion and deflation.The coordinates of the calculated point BST and the values of the CISS ( D i) are determined and calculated in the sub-space of selected principal components. Then by the method of data grouping, the surveyed areas of the region are rankedaccording to the CISS values and the groups of areas with satisfactory, moderate and unsatisfactory soil conditions are formed, and the CISS data are presented in cartographic form. The analysis of the map-scheme of certain types of soils over the territory of the region and their comparison with the data of the map of soil state level at the survey points allows to conclude that in most cases certain negative factors of soil-climatic character and soil genesis correspond to the unsatisfactory level of soil state according to the CISS values ( D i). Based on the comprehensive assessment of the soil state level, specific soil protection measures have been developed for basic tillage: energy-saving technologies with dump processing of semi-fallow lands in the areas with a satisfactory level; combined subsurface loosening in the areas with moderate level; and shallow mulching treatment down to 10-12 cm in deflationary areas and deep chiseling down to 40 cm on saline soils with unsatisfactory level of soil state.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND PROTECTION TREATMENT OF ARABLE SOILS IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY","authors":"Yu. A. Kuzychenko, K. Katkov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The arable soils of Stavropol are affected by various natural and man-made factors that reduce soil fertility, therefore, the development of a number of specific soil protection measures is an important practical task. The processes affecting the soil are usually complex and include a certain number of factors (water erosion, deflation, etc.), which are more or less manifested on a certain type of chernozem and chestnut soils. The main task is to comprehensively assess the state of arable soils based on the information about the areas of factors affecting soils in the survey areas. For this purpose, the calculation method of main components is used, which allows to obtain the values of the complex indicator of the state of soil (CISS). It was found that the main component PC 1 includes the following significant factors: solonchaks and saline soils; salt marshes and washed away soils. The PC 2 component includes deflated and waterlogged soils. The main contribution to the PC 3 component is by the following factor: soils destroyed by combined erosion and deflation.The coordinates of the calculated point BST and the values of the CISS ( D i) are determined and calculated in the sub-space of selected principal components. Then by the method of data grouping, the surveyed areas of the region are rankedaccording to the CISS values and the groups of areas with satisfactory, moderate and unsatisfactory soil conditions are formed, and the CISS data are presented in cartographic form. The analysis of the map-scheme of certain types of soils over the territory of the region and their comparison with the data of the map of soil state level at the survey points allows to conclude that in most cases certain negative factors of soil-climatic character and soil genesis correspond to the unsatisfactory level of soil state according to the CISS values ( D i). Based on the comprehensive assessment of the soil state level, specific soil protection measures have been developed for basic tillage: energy-saving technologies with dump processing of semi-fallow lands in the areas with a satisfactory level; combined subsurface loosening in the areas with moderate level; and shallow mulching treatment down to 10-12 cm in deflationary areas and deep chiseling down to 40 cm on saline soils with unsatisfactory level of soil state.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128747826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.10
I. A. Avessalomova, A. Ivanov
The paper focuses on the biogeochemical diversity and heterogeneity of ornithogenic geosystems formed by large colonies of sea birds. The objects of the study were two islands in the Northwest Pacific with centuries-old bird bazaars of about 100,000 birds, i. e. Toporkov Island in the Commander Archipelago and Starichkov Island near the southeast coast of Kamchatka. To identify their biogeochemical heterogeneity, special schemes reflecting the catenary structure of the islands, the neighborhood and diversity of elementary geochemical landscapes of different types and genera, the variability of herbaceous phytomass depending on the species composition of phytocenoses, the bird population and the degree of its influence were compiled. The fractional structure of phytomass and the stocks of chemical elements in it showing various modifications of elementary landscapes under the ornithogenic pressures were used as informative indicators. It was found that the biogeochemical heterogeneity of the islands is initially preconditioned by the history of their evolution and the differentiating influence of abiotic factors on the structure of catenas, which were subsequently overlaid by the influence of birds. It is shown that specific impact of the bird population results in the multidirectional transformation of the species composition of phytocenoses, which is modified by the bird numbers and the inflow of their metabolites into the soil, increasing the heterogeneity of resulting biogeochemical fields. The ornithophile species change the activity of autotrophic biogenesis, the capacity of phytobarriers and the accumulation of biogenic elements (P, Zn, B) on them depending on the phylogenetic specialization of plants and the fractional structure of herbaceous phytomass. It was revealed that the number of elementary geochemical landscapes could differ almost twice within the same area of islands. The increase in biogeochemical heterogeneity is promoted by increasing absolute height of the island, the complexity of the structure of catenas, and formation of new types of landscapes with different resistance to ornithogenic effects. Local contrasts in phytomass reserves and chemical element accumulation at the intra-landscape level may differ by an order of magnitude. This determines the specificity of ornithogenic geosystems, where birds are the leading factor of structural and functional organization.
{"title":"BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORNITHOGENIC GEOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC (CASE STUDY OF THE TOPORKOV AND STARICHKOV ISLANDS)","authors":"I. A. Avessalomova, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the biogeochemical diversity and heterogeneity of ornithogenic geosystems formed by large colonies of sea birds. The objects of the study were two islands in the Northwest Pacific with centuries-old bird bazaars of about 100,000 birds, i. e. Toporkov Island in the Commander Archipelago and Starichkov Island near the southeast coast of Kamchatka. To identify their biogeochemical heterogeneity, special schemes reflecting the catenary structure of the islands, the neighborhood and diversity of elementary geochemical landscapes of different types and genera, the variability of herbaceous phytomass depending on the species composition of phytocenoses, the bird population and the degree of its influence were compiled. The fractional structure of phytomass and the stocks of chemical elements in it showing various modifications of elementary landscapes under the ornithogenic pressures were used as informative indicators. It was found that the biogeochemical heterogeneity of the islands is initially preconditioned by the history of their evolution and the differentiating influence of abiotic factors on the structure of catenas, which were subsequently overlaid by the influence of birds. It is shown that specific impact of the bird population results in the multidirectional transformation of the species composition of phytocenoses, which is modified by the bird numbers and the inflow of their metabolites into the soil, increasing the heterogeneity of resulting biogeochemical fields. The ornithophile species change the activity of autotrophic biogenesis, the capacity of phytobarriers and the accumulation of biogenic elements (P, Zn, B) on them depending on the phylogenetic specialization of plants and the fractional structure of herbaceous phytomass. It was revealed that the number of elementary geochemical landscapes could differ almost twice within the same area of islands. The increase in biogeochemical heterogeneity is promoted by increasing absolute height of the island, the complexity of the structure of catenas, and formation of new types of landscapes with different resistance to ornithogenic effects. Local contrasts in phytomass reserves and chemical element accumulation at the intra-landscape level may differ by an order of magnitude. This determines the specificity of ornithogenic geosystems, where birds are the leading factor of structural and functional organization.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116797736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.9
A. Kokhan, E. Moroz, E. Eremenko, A. Denisova, R. Ananiev, E. Sukhikh, S. Nikiforov, S. Sokolov, A. Razumovskiy
The study is based on the results of multibeam echo-sounding and high-frequency seismic profiling during the 2018-2022 cruises of the R/V “Akademik Nikolai Strakhov” and “Akademik Boris Petrov”. Regular changes of morphometric parameters and the internal structure of pingo-like formations of the shelves of the Pechora and Kara seas were revealed. A morphometric analysis of pingo-like formations was carried out, which made it possible to draw conclusions about their relative age, as well as the role of near-bottom currents and slope processes in their modern dynamics. It was found that the density and morphological variety of pingo-like formations depend on the geological and tectonic features of the bottom area, the presence and nature of permafrost, the intensity of degassing, and the time of shelf flooding during the Holocene transgression. Pingo-like formations on the shelf, where the depth exceeds 70-80 m, emerged at the early stages of the Holocene transgression, and by now the permafrost there has largely thawed out. At the same time, pingo-like formations are still prominent in the relief and actively transformed by bottom currents, slope and, possibly, pseudovolcanic processes associated with ongoing degassing. Pingo-like formations are rare within shallow (up to 20-30 m) shelf areas close to the shore, and, apparently, continue their evolution at present. At the same time, the large thickness and continuity of permafrost prevent active fluid flow, acting as a seal. Pingo-like formations in the shallow-water zones are mainly cone-shaped mounds without intensive degassing. The density of pingo-like formations is maximum at the intermediate depths (from 20-30 to 70-80 m), in the presence of insular or discontinuous permafrost, under high fluid flow intensity within the fault zones and oil- and gas-bearing structures. Near-surface sediments in such areas are characterized by a combination of localized processes of heaving and active degassing. It predetermines a wide variety of the morphological types of pingo-like formations.Keywords: Arctic, bottom topography, degassing, pingo-like features, acoustic anomalies, multibeam echo sounding, seismoacoustic profiling
该研究基于R/V“Akademik Nikolai Strakhov”号和“Akademik Boris Petrov”号2018-2022年巡航期间的多波束回声探测和高频地震剖面分析结果。揭示了Pechora海和Kara海陆架平果状组的形态参数和内部结构的规律性变化。对平丘状地层进行了形态计量学分析，从而可以得出它们的相对年龄，以及近底流和斜坡过程在它们的现代动力学中的作用。结果表明，坪状地层的密度和形态变化与全新世海侵期间海底地区的地质构造特征、多年冻土的存在和性质、脱气强度以及陆架洪水发生的时间有关。在全新世海侵的早期阶段，陆架上出现了深度超过70-80米的坪状地层，到目前为止，那里的永久冻土大部分已经融化。与此同时，平丘状地层在地形中仍然很突出，并受到底流、斜坡以及可能与持续脱气有关的假火山作用的积极改造。在靠近海岸的浅海陆架区域(深度20-30米)，类似平谷的地层是罕见的，而且很明显，它们目前仍在继续进化。同时，永久冻土的大厚度和连续性阻止了活跃的流体流动，起到了密封的作用。浅水区类平谷地层主要为锥形丘，脱气不强。在断裂带和含油气构造内流体流动强度较大的中等深度(20 ~ 30 ~ 70 ~ 80 m)、岛状或不连续的多年冻土带存在的情况下，坪状地层密度最大。这些地区近地表沉积物的特点是局部隆起和主动脱气过程的结合。它预先确定了各种各样的平果状地层的形态类型。关键词:北极，海底地形，脱气，平果状特征，声学异常，多波束回波探测，地震声学剖面
{"title":"FLUIDOGENIC LANDFORMS WITHIN THE PERMAFROST ZONE ON THE SHELF OF THE PECHORA AND KARA SEAS","authors":"A. Kokhan, E. Moroz, E. Eremenko, A. Denisova, R. Ananiev, E. Sukhikh, S. Nikiforov, S. Sokolov, A. Razumovskiy","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The study is based on the results of multibeam echo-sounding and high-frequency seismic profiling during the 2018-2022 cruises of the R/V “Akademik Nikolai Strakhov” and “Akademik Boris Petrov”. Regular changes of morphometric parameters and the internal structure of pingo-like formations of the shelves of the Pechora and Kara seas were revealed. A morphometric analysis of pingo-like formations was carried out, which made it possible to draw conclusions about their relative age, as well as the role of near-bottom currents and slope processes in their modern dynamics. It was found that the density and morphological variety of pingo-like formations depend on the geological and tectonic features of the bottom area, the presence and nature of permafrost, the intensity of degassing, and the time of shelf flooding during the Holocene transgression. Pingo-like formations on the shelf, where the depth exceeds 70-80 m, emerged at the early stages of the Holocene transgression, and by now the permafrost there has largely thawed out. At the same time, pingo-like formations are still prominent in the relief and actively transformed by bottom currents, slope and, possibly, pseudovolcanic processes associated with ongoing degassing. Pingo-like formations are rare within shallow (up to 20-30 m) shelf areas close to the shore, and, apparently, continue their evolution at present. At the same time, the large thickness and continuity of permafrost prevent active fluid flow, acting as a seal. Pingo-like formations in the shallow-water zones are mainly cone-shaped mounds without intensive degassing. The density of pingo-like formations is maximum at the intermediate depths (from 20-30 to 70-80 m), in the presence of insular or discontinuous permafrost, under high fluid flow intensity within the fault zones and oil- and gas-bearing structures. Near-surface sediments in such areas are characterized by a combination of localized processes of heaving and active degassing. It predetermines a wide variety of the morphological types of pingo-like formations.Keywords: Arctic, bottom topography, degassing, pingo-like features, acoustic anomalies, multibeam echo sounding, seismoacoustic profiling","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123274168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.12
V. Bogoliubskii, E. Dubinin
The Tjörnes Transform Zone connects the Kolbeinsey spreading ridge and the Northern rift zone of Iceland. It includes two overlapping rift segments resulting from the rift zones propagating. Nowadays it includes several morphostructures that vary in their organization and dynamics, such as magmatic and amagmatic rifts, oblique fault zones, or tectonic-volcanic rises. They often overlap with each other promoting the development of block morphostructures of different scale. Using the morphometric analysis of present-day fault scraps we revealed the areas of different recent tectonic activity and faulting intensity, and explained geodynamic reasons of these differences. For instance, the most active morphostructures are spreading and rift segments of the western branch of the transform zone. The eastern branch has significantly weaker tectonic activity which is mainly due to the intensive volcanic processes. Nowadays the eastern branch of the transform zone continues its development that is expressed through the formation of block rises between the overlapping rift segments. The western branch has less complicated structure and gradually fading tectonic-magmatic activity. We also showed the functional changes of amagmatic rifts: at the early stages of transform zone development, they probably evolved as a continuation of adjacent spreading centers. Meanwhile now they have their own independent extension centers. All explored morphostructures influence each other in the process of overlapping that significantly impacts the endogenic relief formation, especially faulting, at different sections of the morphostructures.
{"title":"STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ENDOGENIC RELIEF OF THE TJÖRNES TRANSFORM ZONE (NORTHERN ICELAND)","authors":"V. Bogoliubskii, E. Dubinin","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Tjörnes Transform Zone connects the Kolbeinsey spreading ridge and the Northern rift zone of Iceland. It includes two overlapping rift segments resulting from the rift zones propagating. Nowadays it includes several morphostructures that vary in their organization and dynamics, such as magmatic and amagmatic rifts, oblique fault zones, or tectonic-volcanic rises. They often overlap with each other promoting the development of block morphostructures of different scale. Using the morphometric analysis of present-day fault scraps we revealed the areas of different recent tectonic activity and faulting intensity, and explained geodynamic reasons of these differences. For instance, the most active morphostructures are spreading and rift segments of the western branch of the transform zone. The eastern branch has significantly weaker tectonic activity which is mainly due to the intensive volcanic processes. Nowadays the eastern branch of the transform zone continues its development that is expressed through the formation of block rises between the overlapping rift segments. The western branch has less complicated structure and gradually fading tectonic-magmatic activity. We also showed the functional changes of amagmatic rifts: at the early stages of transform zone development, they probably evolved as a continuation of adjacent spreading centers. Meanwhile now they have their own independent extension centers. All explored morphostructures influence each other in the process of overlapping that significantly impacts the endogenic relief formation, especially faulting, at different sections of the morphostructures.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127569164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.6
V. Akimova, M. Kuptsova
Garment sector as a “heart” of life-supporting industrial complex and one of the most globalized, fragmented and geographically mobile industries provides the basis for empirical research of the international division of production and consumption. The article analyses the processes of formation of global production networks in the garment industry as a result of the activities of transnational companies in various geographical contexts (cities, regions and entire states) in the Asian region. Such production networks are becoming not only more complex from the organizational point of view, but also more and more global in their geographical scope. The main spatial and structural characteristics of global production networks of the leading companies in the industry (Nike, H&M and Fast Retailing) are considered by the method of geocoding and data aggregation using geographic information systems. Cartographic material is compiled on the basis of obtained spatial distribution. Its qualitative analysis, in combination with statistical data on the industry, makes it possible to form a comprehensive picture of the key areas of clothing production in Asia. The results demonstrate that despite the differences (from the price segment of products to the procurement strategy) the production networks of these firms are very similar, and their suppliers are concentrated in the largest cities and metropolitan agglomerations of Asia. The role of the countries of the Asian region is undeniably increasing in the garment industry, as well as on the global economic landscape as a whole. It was revealed that from 55 to 92% of suppliers of the leading firms are concentrated in Asia.
{"title":"GLOBAL PRODUCTION NETWORKS IN THE ASIAN GARMENT INDUSTRY","authors":"V. Akimova, M. Kuptsova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Garment sector as a “heart” of life-supporting industrial complex and one of the most globalized, fragmented and geographically mobile industries provides the basis for empirical research of the international division of production and consumption. The article analyses the processes of formation of global production networks in the garment industry as a result of the activities of transnational companies in various geographical contexts (cities, regions and entire states) in the Asian region. Such production networks are becoming not only more complex from the organizational point of view, but also more and more global in their geographical scope. The main spatial and structural characteristics of global production networks of the leading companies in the industry (Nike, H&M and Fast Retailing) are considered by the method of geocoding and data aggregation using geographic information systems. Cartographic material is compiled on the basis of obtained spatial distribution. Its qualitative analysis, in combination with statistical data on the industry, makes it possible to form a comprehensive picture of the key areas of clothing production in Asia. The results demonstrate that despite the differences (from the price segment of products to the procurement strategy) the production networks of these firms are very similar, and their suppliers are concentrated in the largest cities and metropolitan agglomerations of Asia. The role of the countries of the Asian region is undeniably increasing in the garment industry, as well as on the global economic landscape as a whole. It was revealed that from 55 to 92% of suppliers of the leading firms are concentrated in Asia.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131668180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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