Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.2
V. R. Bityukova, V.S. Dekhnich, A.I. Kravchik, N. S. Kasimov
The article suggests a method for calculating emissions from the autonomous heating systems (AHS) of individual residential buildings based on the assessment of the number and area of farmsteads using remote sensing data, the volume and type of fuel and the type of combustion according to population surveys data and data provided by the administrations of municipal districts and settlements. The importance of AHS as a source of atmospheric pollution was evaluated at three spatial levels: the regions of Russia, where the AHS are of the greatest importance, were identified according to the structure of fuel consumption; the emissions from the combustion of residential heating fuel were calculated for the municipalities of the Baikal natural territory (BNT) and the types of territories were identified according to the structure of emission sources; and the role of AHS in air pollution of the residential areas was assessed for settlements. AHS are the dominant air pollution source (over 90%) for most of the BNT territory. Unlike CHPPs and boiler facilities, emissions from individual residential buildings using coal and firewood in most cases significantly affect air quality (up to 4,9 MPC of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide), and the areas of such impact are limited to the residential area of settle-ments. Strategies to reduce pollution depend on the location of a territory, type of settlement, income levels, the current structure of fuel consumption, the presence of exploited coal deposits and other factors
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AUTONOMOUS RESIDENTIAL HEATING SYSTEMS ON AIR POLLUTION IN MUNICIPALITIES (CASE STUDY OF THE BAIKAL REGION)","authors":"V. R. Bityukova, V.S. Dekhnich, A.I. Kravchik, N. S. Kasimov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article suggests a method for calculating emissions from the autonomous heating systems (AHS) of individual residential buildings based on the assessment of the number and area of farmsteads using remote sensing data, the volume and type of fuel and the type of combustion according to population surveys data and data provided by the administrations of municipal districts and settlements. The importance of AHS as a source of atmospheric pollution was evaluated at three spatial levels: the regions of Russia, where the AHS are of the greatest importance, were identified according to the structure of fuel consumption; the emissions from the combustion of residential heating fuel were calculated for the municipalities of the Baikal natural territory (BNT) and the types of territories were identified according to the structure of emission sources; and the role of AHS in air pollution of the residential areas was assessed for settlements. AHS are the dominant air pollution source (over 90%) for most of the BNT territory. Unlike CHPPs and boiler facilities, emissions from individual residential buildings using coal and firewood in most cases significantly affect air quality (up to 4,9 MPC of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide), and the areas of such impact are limited to the residential area of settle-ments. Strategies to reduce pollution depend on the location of a territory, type of settlement, income levels, the current structure of fuel consumption, the presence of exploited coal deposits and other factors","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"19 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.1
O. Pakhomova, V. Grigoriev, A. Sazonov, E. Povalishnikova, N. Frolova
The constant shortage of fresh water for drinking and municipal use in the Republic of Kalmykia has become critically acute recently. Both natural factors, i.e. increasing climate aridity, limited reserves of fresh surface and groundwater, lack of sufficiently long sections of large rivers with constant flow, and the deterioration of hydraulic structures are the reasons. The exploitation of groundwater in existing deposits has led to their depletion and deterioration, while large deposits of fresh and slightly brackish groundwater in the southern Caspian region cannot be used because the content of pollutants in them is rather high. Recovery of old and construction of new water pipelines from the Volga River requires permanent significant financial investments at the federal level. Therefore, recently a new way to increase the supply of fresh water suitable for drinking purposes, i.e. an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR), has been actively discussed. The article provides an actual assessment of water resources of the littlestudied surface runoff of the rivers of Kalmykia, considers the possibility and feasibility of creating infiltration basins to replenish groundwater reserves, and calculates the parameters and operating mode of five planned basins. The main source of fresh surface water in Kalmykia is the rivers of the Ergeni Upland. The average long-term flow from its eastern slope is estimated at 0,120 km3/year, from the western slope at 0,105 km3/year and from the southern slope at 0,045 km3/year. Trends in modern modification of the hydrological regime of rivers under the influence of climate change have been revealed, namely a decrease in annual runoff and its intra-annual redistribution with a reduction of spring floods, a slight increase in winter runoff and a leveling of summer low-water periods. Calculation of the operating mode of planned infiltration basins allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the maximum possible volume of total infiltration will be about 220 thousand m3/year, which is 36 times less than the presentday water intake from the Troitsk and Bayarninsky fields for public water supply; sufficiently efficient operation of pools is only possible with annual cleaning of accumulated silt deposits, otherwise the soil filtration coefficient will come down each year, resulting in the reduction of infiltration supply by dozens times. Thus, the AGR can only be a temporary measure to compensate for the subsidence of groundwater level until the reconstruction and construction of new water pipelines from the Volga River to supply the city of Elista and the surrounding area with drinking water of acceptable quality
{"title":"HYDROLOGICAL REGIME OF WATER STREAMS AND THE PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA","authors":"O. Pakhomova, V. Grigoriev, A. Sazonov, E. Povalishnikova, N. Frolova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The constant shortage of fresh water for drinking and municipal use in the Republic of Kalmykia has become critically acute recently. Both natural factors, i.e. increasing climate aridity, limited reserves of fresh surface and groundwater, lack of sufficiently long sections of large rivers with constant flow, and the deterioration of hydraulic structures are the reasons. The exploitation of groundwater in existing deposits has led to their depletion and deterioration, while large deposits of fresh and slightly brackish groundwater in the southern Caspian region cannot be used because the content of pollutants in them is rather high. Recovery of old and construction of new water pipelines from the Volga River requires permanent significant financial investments at the federal level. Therefore, recently a new way to increase the supply of fresh water suitable for drinking purposes, i.e. an artificial groundwater recharge (AGR), has been actively discussed. The article provides an actual assessment of water resources of the littlestudied surface runoff of the rivers of Kalmykia, considers the possibility and feasibility of creating infiltration basins to replenish groundwater reserves, and calculates the parameters and operating mode of five planned basins. The main source of fresh surface water in Kalmykia is the rivers of the Ergeni Upland. The average long-term flow from its eastern slope is estimated at 0,120 km3/year, from the western slope at 0,105 km3/year and from the southern slope at 0,045 km3/year. Trends in modern modification of the hydrological regime of rivers under the influence of climate change have been revealed, namely a decrease in annual runoff and its intra-annual redistribution with a reduction of spring floods, a slight increase in winter runoff and a leveling of summer low-water periods. Calculation of the operating mode of planned infiltration basins allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the maximum possible volume of total infiltration will be about 220 thousand m3/year, which is 36 times less than the presentday water intake from the Troitsk and Bayarninsky fields for public water supply; sufficiently efficient operation of pools is only possible with annual cleaning of accumulated silt deposits, otherwise the soil filtration coefficient will come down each year, resulting in the reduction of infiltration supply by dozens times. Thus, the AGR can only be a temporary measure to compensate for the subsidence of groundwater level until the reconstruction and construction of new water pipelines from the Volga River to supply the city of Elista and the surrounding area with drinking water of acceptable quality","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"47 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.6
A. Sinyutkina, L. Gashkova, Y. Kharanzhevskaya
Wildfires are an important environmental factor which determines the carbon cycle intensity in mires. The article presents the assessment of the consequences of pyrogenic transformation and the current state of burntout mires in the taiga and forest-tundra zones of Western Siberia 6-8 years after the wildfire, with regard to their microhabitat heterogeneity. Field studies were conducted in 2022 on three mires (a total of 13 post-pyrogenic and pristine plots) and included a total-station survey of the surface, an assessment of the occurrence of species in the grass-dwarf shrub and moss-lichen tiers, sampling for laboratory analysis of the physical properties and botanical composition of peat. Sphagnum mosses, Polytrichum strictum, lichens and dwarf shrubs were considered as recovery indicator species. As a result of the study, it was found that the intensity of pyrogenic transformation is determined by the initial state of bog ecosystem and increases in a row: the hydro forestation site on the Bakchar raised bog - palsa - the Ust-Bakchar raised bog drained for peat extraction. At most of the studied plots, microdepressions were more susceptible to burnout, while hummocks were preserved or only partially burned out. The transformation of peat deposit properties extends beyond the layer directly exposed to burnout, and manifests itself in a decrease in water content, and an increase in ash content, bulk density and degree of humification. At the first stages of post-pyrogenic successions, similar patterns were revealed for the mires of taiga and forest-tundra zones, i.e. an intensive overgrowth with P. strictum. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the hydroforestation site in the Bakchar bog could possibly restore the species composition of vegetation cover and resume peat accumulation. Irreversible changes in vegetation cover have occurred in the Ust-Bakchar bog, where the restoration of sphagnum mosses does not occur even 20 years after the fire.
{"title":"PYROGENIC CHANGES OF BOG VEGETATION AND PEAT IN WESTERN SIBERIA","authors":"A. Sinyutkina, L. Gashkova, Y. Kharanzhevskaya","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are an important environmental factor which determines the carbon cycle intensity in mires. The article presents the assessment of the consequences of pyrogenic transformation and the current state of burntout mires in the taiga and forest-tundra zones of Western Siberia 6-8 years after the wildfire, with regard to their microhabitat heterogeneity. Field studies were conducted in 2022 on three mires (a total of 13 post-pyrogenic and pristine plots) and included a total-station survey of the surface, an assessment of the occurrence of species in the grass-dwarf shrub and moss-lichen tiers, sampling for laboratory analysis of the physical properties and botanical composition of peat. Sphagnum mosses, Polytrichum strictum, lichens and dwarf shrubs were considered as recovery indicator species. As a result of the study, it was found that the intensity of pyrogenic transformation is determined by the initial state of bog ecosystem and increases in a row: the hydro forestation site on the Bakchar raised bog - palsa - the Ust-Bakchar raised bog drained for peat extraction. At most of the studied plots, microdepressions were more susceptible to burnout, while hummocks were preserved or only partially burned out. The transformation of peat deposit properties extends beyond the layer directly exposed to burnout, and manifests itself in a decrease in water content, and an increase in ash content, bulk density and degree of humification. At the first stages of post-pyrogenic successions, similar patterns were revealed for the mires of taiga and forest-tundra zones, i.e. an intensive overgrowth with P. strictum. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the hydroforestation site in the Bakchar bog could possibly restore the species composition of vegetation cover and resume peat accumulation. Irreversible changes in vegetation cover have occurred in the Ust-Bakchar bog, where the restoration of sphagnum mosses does not occur even 20 years after the fire.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"41 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.12
ZH.M. Kulikova, S. Dobrolyubov
Volumetric characteristics and renewal time of the Pacific waters (PW) in the Arctic Ocean were calculated based on the data of oceanographic expeditions during the 2007-2008 International Polar Year (617 stations). Isopycnal surfaces of their upper and lower boundaries (25,5 and 27,5 kg/m3, respectively), the thickness between these limits and the equivalent thickness (i. e. the specific thickness of untransformed “pure” water mass) have been determined, as well as the boundaries where the highest concentrations of silicates in the selected density interval disappears. The Pacific waters extend to the north up to the North Pole region (thickness up to 40-50 m), in the west they can be traced up to the northern part of the Laptev Sea (thickness 20-30 m), in the east they are preserved in a minimally transformed form (thickness of more than 100 m) up to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The characteristic depths are between 50 and 150 m. The thickest PW exceeding 150 m were found within the Beaufort Gyre. The total volume of “pure” (untransformed) Pacific waters in the Arctic Ocean was estimated at (197 ± 19) · 103 km3 or about 1,1% of the overall volume of the Arctic Ocean. If their mixing with the surrounding waters between selected isopycnic surfaces is taken into account, the volume of Pacific waters is (313 ± 16) · 103 km3, or about 1,7% of the volume of the Arctic Ocean. Taking into account the total inflow of the PW through the Bering Strait, their renewal time in the Arctic basin is estimated to be about 5-6 years.
{"title":"VOLUMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PACIFIC WATERS IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN","authors":"ZH.M. Kulikova, S. Dobrolyubov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric characteristics and renewal time of the Pacific waters (PW) in the Arctic Ocean were calculated based on the data of oceanographic expeditions during the 2007-2008 International Polar Year (617 stations). Isopycnal surfaces of their upper and lower boundaries (25,5 and 27,5 kg/m3, respectively), the thickness between these limits and the equivalent thickness (i. e. the specific thickness of untransformed “pure” water mass) have been determined, as well as the boundaries where the highest concentrations of silicates in the selected density interval disappears. The Pacific waters extend to the north up to the North Pole region (thickness up to 40-50 m), in the west they can be traced up to the northern part of the Laptev Sea (thickness 20-30 m), in the east they are preserved in a minimally transformed form (thickness of more than 100 m) up to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The characteristic depths are between 50 and 150 m. The thickest PW exceeding 150 m were found within the Beaufort Gyre. The total volume of “pure” (untransformed) Pacific waters in the Arctic Ocean was estimated at (197 ± 19) · 103 km3 or about 1,1% of the overall volume of the Arctic Ocean. If their mixing with the surrounding waters between selected isopycnic surfaces is taken into account, the volume of Pacific waters is (313 ± 16) · 103 km3, or about 1,7% of the volume of the Arctic Ocean. Taking into account the total inflow of the PW through the Bering Strait, their renewal time in the Arctic basin is estimated to be about 5-6 years.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"27 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.4
K. Dyuzhova
The paper presents the results of studying modern alluvial deposits of the Don and Kuban rivers by the pollen analysis method. The study was carried out to clarify methodological issue, including the movement of pollen and spores by flowing waters. The obtained data show that pollen assemblages of river sediments formed in the process of pollen mixing by water and air characterize the composition of the regional vegetation cover rather than local nearriver plant groups. According to the results for the subrecent sediments of the Don River the transfer of pollen grains and spores by water was insignificant, which can be clearly seen at the border of the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Pollen assemblages of the forest-steppe zone contain 50% of tree species pollen, while in the steppe zone, including its northern part, tree species make up less than 30-35%. Sporadic forest elements such as Picea pollen, Lycopodium species spores and Sphagnum mosses in alluvial deposits of the steppe section of the Don River, as well as in the subrecent sediments of the Sea of Azov, could be neglected in the palaeoreconstructions. The composition of subrecent pollen assemblages of the Kuban River sediments is less variable from the middle course to the mouth with rather stable ratio of components. Pollen of the Caucasian flora elements (Fagus orientalis, Carpinus caucasica) is poorly dispersed by water from high and midmountain landscapes of the upper reaches of the river. The comparison of pollen assemblages from alluvial and marine (the Sea of Azov) sediments have shown that the distortion of fossil assemblages’ composition due to material input by water is minimal
{"title":"SUBRECENT POLLEN ASSEMBLAGES IN ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS OF THE DON AND KUBAN RIVERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS","authors":"K. Dyuzhova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studying modern alluvial deposits of the Don and Kuban rivers by the pollen analysis method. The study was carried out to clarify methodological issue, including the movement of pollen and spores by flowing waters. The obtained data show that pollen assemblages of river sediments formed in the process of pollen mixing by water and air characterize the composition of the regional vegetation cover rather than local nearriver plant groups. According to the results for the subrecent sediments of the Don River the transfer of pollen grains and spores by water was insignificant, which can be clearly seen at the border of the forest-steppe and steppe zones. Pollen assemblages of the forest-steppe zone contain 50% of tree species pollen, while in the steppe zone, including its northern part, tree species make up less than 30-35%. Sporadic forest elements such as Picea pollen, Lycopodium species spores and Sphagnum mosses in alluvial deposits of the steppe section of the Don River, as well as in the subrecent sediments of the Sea of Azov, could be neglected in the palaeoreconstructions. The composition of subrecent pollen assemblages of the Kuban River sediments is less variable from the middle course to the mouth with rather stable ratio of components. Pollen of the Caucasian flora elements (Fagus orientalis, Carpinus caucasica) is poorly dispersed by water from high and midmountain landscapes of the upper reaches of the river. The comparison of pollen assemblages from alluvial and marine (the Sea of Azov) sediments have shown that the distortion of fossil assemblages’ composition due to material input by water is minimal","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"21 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.8
A. Romanov, E. A. Koblik, Y. Redkin
The ecological and geographical differentiation of the bird population at 18 sites of the Urup and Iturup islands was analyzed. The method of route accounting was applied. A total of 109 species were recorded, 62 of them on both islands. The coefficient of faunal commonality between the terrestrial habitats of the islands is 72%, and between the coastal-marine - 71%. The coefficient of similarity of the bird population between the land habitats of the islands is 36%, and between the coastal-marine - 29%. The values of bird population density on the islands are close both between terrestrial (610-757 ind./km2) and coastal-marine (536-607 ind./km2) habitats. The high population density is everywhere due to the abundance of numerically predominant species of the Far Eastern island and the Chinese fauna types. The total population of species of these faunas accounts for more than 50% of the population in terrestrial (282-469 ind./km2) and coastal marine (172-333 ind./km2) habitats. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the bird population is characteristic.
{"title":"SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF BIRD POPULATION OF THE URUP AND ITURUP ISLANDS (KURIL ISLANDS)","authors":"A. Romanov, E. A. Koblik, Y. Redkin","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological and geographical differentiation of the bird population at 18 sites of the Urup and Iturup islands was analyzed. The method of route accounting was applied. A total of 109 species were recorded, 62 of them on both islands. The coefficient of faunal commonality between the terrestrial habitats of the islands is 72%, and between the coastal-marine - 71%. The coefficient of similarity of the bird population between the land habitats of the islands is 36%, and between the coastal-marine - 29%. The values of bird population density on the islands are close both between terrestrial (610-757 ind./km2) and coastal-marine (536-607 ind./km2) habitats. The high population density is everywhere due to the abundance of numerically predominant species of the Far Eastern island and the Chinese fauna types. The total population of species of these faunas accounts for more than 50% of the population in terrestrial (282-469 ind./km2) and coastal marine (172-333 ind./km2) habitats. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the bird population is characteristic.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.1
S. Kondratev, N.A. Orekhova
The purpose of the work is to discuss the main environmental problems of the state of waters in the Sevastopol Bay and to identify the causes affecting their quality. Four seasonal surveys of the Sevastopol Bay water area in 2022 confirmed the prime impact of the Black River runoff, a main source of nutrients, on the hydrochemical composition of the bay waters.At the same time, it is noted that the hydrochemical parameters of the South Bay waters are predominantly affected by freshwater runoff in the estuarine part of the area rather than by the Black River water. It is assumed that the runoff is permanent, and not emergency, as previously thought. With the winds of the southern directions, the spread of the South Bay water to the central part of the Sevastopol Bay is possible, thus affecting the state of its ecosystem.In summer an additional source of ammonium ions was recorded in the estuarine part of the Artillery Bay, next to which the Crystal city beach is located, with concentrations 80 times higher than the background. Since ammonium is a product of organic matter oxidation, its appearance may indicate the predominance of destructive processes, which affect living conditions of biological organisms and, in general, the ecological state of waters. In the warm season a constant deficiency of oxygen was observed in the bottom waters of an artificial depression under the floating dock, which in some cases leads to the formation of hydrogen sulfide. All detected threats affect the ecological state of entire ecosystem of the bay, the living conditions of biological organisms and the recreational potential of the bay
{"title":"POTENTIAL THREATS TO THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF WATER IN THE SEVASTOPOL BAY","authors":"S. Kondratev, N.A. Orekhova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to discuss the main environmental problems of the state of waters in the Sevastopol Bay and to identify the causes affecting their quality. Four seasonal surveys of the Sevastopol Bay water area in 2022 confirmed the prime impact of the Black River runoff, a main source of nutrients, on the hydrochemical composition of the bay waters.At the same time, it is noted that the hydrochemical parameters of the South Bay waters are predominantly affected by freshwater runoff in the estuarine part of the area rather than by the Black River water. It is assumed that the runoff is permanent, and not emergency, as previously thought. With the winds of the southern directions, the spread of the South Bay water to the central part of the Sevastopol Bay is possible, thus affecting the state of its ecosystem.In summer an additional source of ammonium ions was recorded in the estuarine part of the Artillery Bay, next to which the Crystal city beach is located, with concentrations 80 times higher than the background. Since ammonium is a product of organic matter oxidation, its appearance may indicate the predominance of destructive processes, which affect living conditions of biological organisms and, in general, the ecological state of waters. In the warm season a constant deficiency of oxygen was observed in the bottom waters of an artificial depression under the floating dock, which in some cases leads to the formation of hydrogen sulfide. All detected threats affect the ecological state of entire ecosystem of the bay, the living conditions of biological organisms and the recreational potential of the bay","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"9 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.9
D. Semikolennykh, R. N. Kurbanov, T. Yanina
The work presents the results of paleogeographic study, including facies-lithological, malacofaunistic and luminescence analyses, of three boreholes core drilled in the central part of the Manych Depression, which made it possible to determine the time and stages of the existence of the Karangatian ingressive bay in the Manych Depression, and to correlate the latter with phases of the Karangatian transgression identified earlier on the basis of luminescence dating. Based on the results of the study it was found that: 1) the Karangatian Sea penetrated into the Manych Depression during the second phase of transgression in the time interval of ~120-110 ka years ago (MIS 5e-d). The salinity of the bay in the area of the modern Manych-Gudilo Lake reached 20-22‰; 2) the inflow of water of the Hyrcanian transgression of the Caspian into the bay in the central part of the Manych Depression took place 110-105 ka years ago, which corresponds to the third phase of the Karangatian transgression (MIS 5c). The brackish Caspian waters desalinated the Karangatian Bay in the area of the modern Manych-Gudilo Lake down to 14‰ and below; 3) the waters of the Karangatian Sea finally left the Manych Depression about 105 ka years ago (MIS 5c).
这项工作介绍了古地理研究的结果，包括对在 Manych 洼地中部钻探的三个岩芯钻孔进行的岩相学、岩浆学和荧光分析，从而确定了 Manych 洼地卡朗加蒂侵蚀海湾存在的时间和阶段，并将后者与早先根据荧光测年确定的卡朗加蒂侵蚀阶段联系起来。研究结果表明1）在距今约 120-110 ka 年（MIS 5e-d）的第二阶段横断期间，卡兰加特海渗入了曼奇凹陷。现代 Manych-Gudilo 湖地区海湾的盐度达到 20-22‰；2）里海海尔干年横断期的海水在 110-105 ka 年前流入 Manych 洼地中部的海湾，这与卡兰加蒂安横断期的第三阶段（MIS 5c）相对应。里海咸水将现代 Manych-Gudilo 湖地区的卡拉哈蒂湾海水淡化至 14‰及以下；3）大约 105 ka 年前，卡拉哈蒂海的海水最终离开了 Manych 洼地（MIS 5c）。
{"title":"INGRESSION OF THE KARANGATIAN SEA INTO THE MANYCH DEPRESSION (LATE PLEISTOCENE)","authors":"D. Semikolennykh, R. N. Kurbanov, T. Yanina","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of paleogeographic study, including facies-lithological, malacofaunistic and luminescence analyses, of three boreholes core drilled in the central part of the Manych Depression, which made it possible to determine the time and stages of the existence of the Karangatian ingressive bay in the Manych Depression, and to correlate the latter with phases of the Karangatian transgression identified earlier on the basis of luminescence dating. Based on the results of the study it was found that: 1) the Karangatian Sea penetrated into the Manych Depression during the second phase of transgression in the time interval of ~120-110 ka years ago (MIS 5e-d). The salinity of the bay in the area of the modern Manych-Gudilo Lake reached 20-22‰; 2) the inflow of water of the Hyrcanian transgression of the Caspian into the bay in the central part of the Manych Depression took place 110-105 ka years ago, which corresponds to the third phase of the Karangatian transgression (MIS 5c). The brackish Caspian waters desalinated the Karangatian Bay in the area of the modern Manych-Gudilo Lake down to 14‰ and below; 3) the waters of the Karangatian Sea finally left the Manych Depression about 105 ka years ago (MIS 5c).","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.5
T. Andreenko, S. Kiseleva, Y. Rafikova
At present the use of organic waste for energy production has become a significant part of the world energy industry. Thereby both the problem of energy supply and waste disposal are solved. In connection with the large volumes of annually formed resource, the ability to provide inexpensive logistics and the demand for ener gy at the level of local consumption the task of recycling agricultural waste is of particular interest. The paper presents a methodology for assessing the crop waste energy potential, taking into account the type of crops, the energy content and specific features of their processing to produce thermal energy. The regions of the Russian Federation leading in the production of cereals, sunflower and corn, i. e. Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region, were chosen as study areas, both due to the significant energy potential and the available experience of producing energy from wastes in the South of Russia. The quantities of thermal energy that can be obtained from the waste of these crops are determined (the totals for all crops are 14 600 000, 30 500 000 and 29 100 000 million Gcal/year for the regions, respectively), as well as the share of heat supply coverage in the residential sector of the regions (124, 120 and 160%, respectively). The cluster analysis methods allowed identifying groups of districts that are self-sufficient in terms of the local energy resource, as well as potential “donors” of fuel from waste. The results are displayed on charts and a series of maps.
{"title":"ENERGY POTENTIAL OF AGROBIOMASS IN KRASNODAR, STAVROPOL AND ROSTOV REGIONS","authors":"T. Andreenko, S. Kiseleva, Y. Rafikova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"At present the use of organic waste for energy production has become a significant part of the world energy industry. Thereby both the problem of energy supply and waste disposal are solved. In connection with the large volumes of annually formed resource, the ability to provide inexpensive logistics and the demand for ener gy at the level of local consumption the task of recycling agricultural waste is of particular interest. The paper presents a methodology for assessing the crop waste energy potential, taking into account the type of crops, the energy content and specific features of their processing to produce thermal energy. The regions of the Russian Federation leading in the production of cereals, sunflower and corn, i. e. Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region, were chosen as study areas, both due to the significant energy potential and the available experience of producing energy from wastes in the South of Russia. The quantities of thermal energy that can be obtained from the waste of these crops are determined (the totals for all crops are 14 600 000, 30 500 000 and 29 100 000 million Gcal/year for the regions, respectively), as well as the share of heat supply coverage in the residential sector of the regions (124, 120 and 160%, respectively). The cluster analysis methods allowed identifying groups of districts that are self-sufficient in terms of the local energy resource, as well as potential “donors” of fuel from waste. The results are displayed on charts and a series of maps.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.6
R. Chalov, A. A. Kamyshev, A. A. Kurakova, G. B. Golubtsov
When studying channel morphodynamics, the processes and forms of meandering and branching are considered independently. However, the development of meanders on large rivers is complicated by the formation of islands on their limbs and in the neartop parts. The most striking manifestation of the process is the branched-winding channels, which develop as a result of the successive formation of islands, creating spurs of meanders if attached to the coastal floodplain. The relief of the floodplains of such rivers is hollow-island in contrast to the ridged relief of typical meandering rivers. Another form of such channels of large rivers is alternating unilateral ramifications, in which the meanders of the main (highwater) branch go around the groups of islands located in a checkerboard pattern, and the channel itself in the floodplain banks remains quasirectilinear while in a branched-winding channel it forms segmental meanders. The presence of branches at a meander of the channel disperses the runoff, and decreases the amount of water in the main branch, thus affecting the parameters of the meanders.Islands are also formed in the neartop parts of meanders, where its dynamic axis shifts towards the convex coast due to the violation of continuous flow around the banks, and erodes it. In the resulting local widening of the channel, a middle center appears and, when it is overgrown, an island is formed. A local widening of the channel is formed on rectilinear «inserts» between adjacent large meanders when the floodplain and channel flows intersect during the flood, and a middle or island is also formed in it. On the upper wings of steep bends, especially forced meanders, the formation of branches is associated with the flow backwater that occurs when it approaches the bedrock bank at the top of the meander at a high angle.The formation of branchings at the meanders of a channel should be taken into account during river development as a factor that can influence the conditions of navigation and influence the channel reshaping, which is particularly important at the places where linear structures, such as bridges and pipelines, cross the rivers.
{"title":"FORMATION OF BRANCHES AT RIVER MEANDERS","authors":"R. Chalov, A. A. Kamyshev, A. A. Kurakova, G. B. Golubtsov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"When studying channel morphodynamics, the processes and forms of meandering and branching are considered independently. However, the development of meanders on large rivers is complicated by the formation of islands on their limbs and in the neartop parts. The most striking manifestation of the process is the branched-winding channels, which develop as a result of the successive formation of islands, creating spurs of meanders if attached to the coastal floodplain. The relief of the floodplains of such rivers is hollow-island in contrast to the ridged relief of typical meandering rivers. Another form of such channels of large rivers is alternating unilateral ramifications, in which the meanders of the main (highwater) branch go around the groups of islands located in a checkerboard pattern, and the channel itself in the floodplain banks remains quasirectilinear while in a branched-winding channel it forms segmental meanders. The presence of branches at a meander of the channel disperses the runoff, and decreases the amount of water in the main branch, thus affecting the parameters of the meanders.Islands are also formed in the neartop parts of meanders, where its dynamic axis shifts towards the convex coast due to the violation of continuous flow around the banks, and erodes it. In the resulting local widening of the channel, a middle center appears and, when it is overgrown, an island is formed. A local widening of the channel is formed on rectilinear «inserts» between adjacent large meanders when the floodplain and channel flows intersect during the flood, and a middle or island is also formed in it. On the upper wings of steep bends, especially forced meanders, the formation of branches is associated with the flow backwater that occurs when it approaches the bedrock bank at the top of the meander at a high angle.The formation of branchings at the meanders of a channel should be taken into account during river development as a factor that can influence the conditions of navigation and influence the channel reshaping, which is particularly important at the places where linear structures, such as bridges and pipelines, cross the rivers.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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