Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.12
S. Kotenkov, R. Makshaev, D. Lobacheva, E.YU. Matlakhova
The paper analyses the hydrological regime of the Volga River delta, predetermined by the interaction of the river and the Caspian Sea. Its connection with fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level in the area of the Volga River mouths is considered using the example of the functioning of the Yarkovsky mouth where the “Old Volga” fairway entered the Caspian Sea in the 18th century. Documents, notes of Russian and European navigators, maps and sailing directions of the 18-19th centuries, which present both existing and obsolete toponyms of islands, shoals, and channels of the Volga River delta, were analyzed to find the location of the mouth. The history of the mouth investigation and mapping, and its navigation conditions are considered, as well as the reasons for termination of its use.The influence of transgressive-regressive regime of the Caspian Sea on the restructuring of the hydrological network in the lower reaches of the Volga River delta has been found for the 18-19th centuries. The routes of the shipping Volga-Caspian Canal for the studied period have been reconstructed. The stages of a westward displacement of the main bed of the Volga River have been described. Heterogeneous movement of the surface part of the Volga delta under the decreasing sea level is considered for its western and eastern parts.
{"title":"VOLGA-CASPIAN CANAL IN THE 18TH CENTURY: HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF A SHIPPING ROUTE","authors":"S. Kotenkov, R. Makshaev, D. Lobacheva, E.YU. Matlakhova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the hydrological regime of the Volga River delta, predetermined by the interaction of the river and the Caspian Sea. Its connection with fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level in the area of the Volga River mouths is considered using the example of the functioning of the Yarkovsky mouth where the “Old Volga” fairway entered the Caspian Sea in the 18th century. Documents, notes of Russian and European navigators, maps and sailing directions of the 18-19th centuries, which present both existing and obsolete toponyms of islands, shoals, and channels of the Volga River delta, were analyzed to find the location of the mouth. The history of the mouth investigation and mapping, and its navigation conditions are considered, as well as the reasons for termination of its use.The influence of transgressive-regressive regime of the Caspian Sea on the restructuring of the hydrological network in the lower reaches of the Volga River delta has been found for the 18-19th centuries. The routes of the shipping Volga-Caspian Canal for the studied period have been reconstructed. The stages of a westward displacement of the main bed of the Volga River have been described. Heterogeneous movement of the surface part of the Volga delta under the decreasing sea level is considered for its western and eastern parts.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.4
O. A. Ekimovskaya, A. Gritsenyuk, A. Sorokovoj, A. Shehovtsov, A. Sizyh
Complex ecological and economic studies of post-agrarian landscapes in the middle reaches of the Selenga, Chikoy and Temnik rivers were carried out within the boundaries of the Selenga administrative region of the Republic of Buryatia (RB). A map of abandoned agricultural lands has been compiled. A brief description of agroclimatic conditions of the study area is given; the structure of agricultural land, the yield of grain and forage crops, the dynamics of livestock and the load of livestock on pastures and hayfields are analyzed. The reasons for the arable land abandonment are formulated. It was revealed that pastures and hayfields are not excluded from the agricultural use. This is due to an increase in the livestock numbers in households, which are the main agricultural producers in the RB, as well as a shortage of natural forage lands. The species composition and the state of shelterbelt forests are described as an integral part of the ecotopes of post-agrarian landscapes. The main taxonomic indicators of trees are given. The study of shelterbelt forests is topical due to the need for their inventory, lack of maintenance, and the adoption of Federal Laws on protective afforestation and land reclamation. A brief agrochemical description of the state of soils in key areas is given. To assess the effectiveness of arable land reuse, a net operating income (NOI) or rental income was calculated for each grain and grainfodder crop grown in the region under study. It was revealed that oats and spring wheat are the most profitable. Recommendations were formulated for the redevelopment of post-agricultural landscapes, optimization of protective afforestation, and reconstruction of shelterbelt forests
{"title":"CURRENT STATUS AND EFFICIENCY OF ABANDONED LANDS RE-DEVELOPMENT IN RIVER BASINS OF SOUTH-WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA","authors":"O. A. Ekimovskaya, A. Gritsenyuk, A. Sorokovoj, A. Shehovtsov, A. Sizyh","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Complex ecological and economic studies of post-agrarian landscapes in the middle reaches of the Selenga, Chikoy and Temnik rivers were carried out within the boundaries of the Selenga administrative region of the Republic of Buryatia (RB). A map of abandoned agricultural lands has been compiled. A brief description of agroclimatic conditions of the study area is given; the structure of agricultural land, the yield of grain and forage crops, the dynamics of livestock and the load of livestock on pastures and hayfields are analyzed. The reasons for the arable land abandonment are formulated. It was revealed that pastures and hayfields are not excluded from the agricultural use. This is due to an increase in the livestock numbers in households, which are the main agricultural producers in the RB, as well as a shortage of natural forage lands. The species composition and the state of shelterbelt forests are described as an integral part of the ecotopes of post-agrarian landscapes. The main taxonomic indicators of trees are given. The study of shelterbelt forests is topical due to the need for their inventory, lack of maintenance, and the adoption of Federal Laws on protective afforestation and land reclamation. A brief agrochemical description of the state of soils in key areas is given. To assess the effectiveness of arable land reuse, a net operating income (NOI) or rental income was calculated for each grain and grainfodder crop grown in the region under study. It was revealed that oats and spring wheat are the most profitable. Recommendations were formulated for the redevelopment of post-agricultural landscapes, optimization of protective afforestation, and reconstruction of shelterbelt forests","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"101 4‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.5
K.V. Savelieva, D. Dzheng, A. Rozhkova, D. Shlyk, E. A. Tokar, T. A. Vorobieva, N. V. Kuzmenkova
The paper describes the radionuclide composition of soils of the territories around the Khanka Lake and the bottom sediments of the lake and the Spasovka River flowing into the Khanka Lake. The questions of distribution and spatial variability of natural (238U, 232Th, 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides are discussed. Recently the economic activities in the lake basin have acquired particular importance, as the territory fell under the state program “Far Eastern hectare”. So the article emphasizes the importance of studying geo-ecological problems and pollution of the natural environment, as well as the need to take measures to address them. The paper provides a detailed characteristic of soil composition and properties in the vicinity of the Khanka Lake and identifies the conditions of the radial migration of radionuclides. Plains with excessive moisturing and water-retaining horizon are favorable for peat formation (peat horizon can reach 50 cm), which promotes radionuclide migration to deeper horizons. Clay sod-podzolic and podzolic-brown soils of clayey and loamy granulometric composition are formed on higher elevation territories, which on the contrary prevents the migration of radionuclides down the profile. The average content of organic components in soils was found to be 4 %. The mineralogical composition of some samples demonstrates the presence of potassium and sodium feldspars, accompanied by calcium langbeinite gypsum phases in the upper layers, indicating the use of salt sulfate mineral fertilizers. The proportion of organic matter in bottom sediments was 2–3 %. Background levels of radionuclides in the vicinity of the lake are 18–177 Bq/m2 for 137Cs; 500–1800 Bq/m2 for 238U и 323Th; 1300–11000 Bq/m2 for 40K. There are no signs of the influence of radiation catastrophes on the study area. Intensive leaching of т40K from the lake catchment by river runoff was detected. The lowest content of 40K stocks was found in soils and river bottom sediments (up to 1–10 kBq/m2) and the highest in lake sediments (8–20 kBq/m2).
{"title":"Natural radionuclides and cesium-137 in soils and bottom sediments Of the Khanka lake","authors":"K.V. Savelieva, D. Dzheng, A. Rozhkova, D. Shlyk, E. A. Tokar, T. A. Vorobieva, N. V. Kuzmenkova","doi":"10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the radionuclide composition of soils of the territories around the Khanka Lake and the bottom sediments of the lake and the Spasovka River flowing into the Khanka Lake. The questions of distribution and spatial variability of natural (238U, 232Th, 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides are discussed. Recently the economic activities in the lake basin have acquired particular importance, as the territory fell under the state program “Far Eastern hectare”. So the article emphasizes the importance of studying geo-ecological problems and pollution of the natural environment, as well as the need to take measures to address them. The paper provides a detailed characteristic of soil composition and properties in the vicinity of the Khanka Lake and identifies the conditions of the radial migration of radionuclides. Plains with excessive moisturing and water-retaining horizon are favorable for peat formation (peat horizon can reach 50 cm), which promotes radionuclide migration to deeper horizons. Clay sod-podzolic and podzolic-brown soils of clayey and loamy granulometric composition are formed on higher elevation territories, which on the contrary prevents the migration of radionuclides down the profile. The average content of organic components in soils was found to be 4 %. The mineralogical composition of some samples demonstrates the presence of potassium and sodium feldspars, accompanied by calcium langbeinite gypsum phases in the upper layers, indicating the use of salt sulfate mineral fertilizers. The proportion of organic matter in bottom sediments was 2–3 %. Background levels of radionuclides in the vicinity of the lake are 18–177 Bq/m2 for 137Cs; 500–1800 Bq/m2 for 238U и 323Th; 1300–11000 Bq/m2 for 40K. There are no signs of the influence of radiation catastrophes on the study area. Intensive leaching of т40K from the lake catchment by river runoff was detected. The lowest content of 40K stocks was found in soils and river bottom sediments (up to 1–10 kBq/m2) and the highest in lake sediments (8–20 kBq/m2).","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.4
I. Trofimov, L. Trofimova, E. Yakovleva, I. Alyabina, I. Urusevskaya, S. Shoba
Agrolandscape and ecological zoning of natural forage lands (NFL) has been developed at the Williams Federal Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for the information support of regionally, landscape and ecologically differentiated agriculture, rational nature management, preservation of soil fertility, and increase of productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems and agrolandscapes. The zoning covers 11 natural and economic (economic) regions of the country, i. e. Northern, Northwestern, Volga-Vyatka, Central, Central Chernozem, Volga Region, North Caucasian, Urals, West Siberian, East Siberian, Far Eastern. The set of documents for agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the NFL for each natural and economic region of Russia includes the following materials: map M 1:2 500 000, legend, database on lands, database on forage lands, database on negative processes, classification of forage lands, classification of deer pastures, strategy and promising ways of agricultural nature management. The NFL zoning was developed on the basis of the Map of Soil and Ecological Zoning of the Russian Federation M 1:2 500 000 elaborated at the MSU Faculty of Soil Science, which is used as a contour and information basis. Numerous cartographic and statistical data, and available literary and stock sources were used for the zoning, which was based on comparative geographical and agro-landscape-ecological methods. The agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the NFL provides zonal, regional, landscape and ecological adaptation and specialization for the development of agriculture, which allows using local natural resources with the greatest efficiency and minimizing the development of negative processes. The databases of the soil-ecological zoning map have been supplemented with new information and indicators characterizing the state of landscapes and their components, such as climate, relief, hydrological regime, soils, vegetation, NFL, the development of negative processes, ecological and economic conditions. This is a significant contribution to the inventory of lands and fodder lands, nature management and protection of agroecosystems and agricultural landscapes. In the future, it is advisable to combine materials and databases of the soil-ecological zoning of the Russian Federation and the agro-landscape-ecological zoning of NFL of different regions of the Russian Federation, created on a single basis, to assess and monitor the state of agrolandscapes, soils and forage lands, and take administrative decisions on nature management in agriculture.
{"title":"Agrolandscape-ecological zoning of natural forage lands in Russian regions","authors":"I. Trofimov, L. Trofimova, E. Yakovleva, I. Alyabina, I. Urusevskaya, S. Shoba","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Agrolandscape and ecological zoning of natural forage lands (NFL) has been developed at the Williams Federal Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for the information support of regionally, landscape and ecologically differentiated agriculture, rational nature management, preservation of soil fertility, and increase of productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems and agrolandscapes. The zoning covers 11 natural and economic (economic) regions of the country, i. e. Northern, Northwestern, Volga-Vyatka, Central, Central Chernozem, Volga Region, North Caucasian, Urals, West Siberian, East Siberian, Far Eastern. The set of documents for agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the NFL for each natural and economic region of Russia includes the following materials: map M 1:2 500 000, legend, database on lands, database on forage lands, database on negative processes, classification of forage lands, classification of deer pastures, strategy and promising ways of agricultural nature management. The NFL zoning was developed on the basis of the Map of Soil and Ecological Zoning of the Russian Federation M 1:2 500 000 elaborated at the MSU Faculty of Soil Science, which is used as a contour and information basis. Numerous cartographic and statistical data, and available literary and stock sources were used for the zoning, which was based on comparative geographical and agro-landscape-ecological methods. The agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the NFL provides zonal, regional, landscape and ecological adaptation and specialization for the development of agriculture, which allows using local natural resources with the greatest efficiency and minimizing the development of negative processes. The databases of the soil-ecological zoning map have been supplemented with new information and indicators characterizing the state of landscapes and their components, such as climate, relief, hydrological regime, soils, vegetation, NFL, the development of negative processes, ecological and economic conditions. This is a significant contribution to the inventory of lands and fodder lands, nature management and protection of agroecosystems and agricultural landscapes. In the future, it is advisable to combine materials and databases of the soil-ecological zoning of the Russian Federation and the agro-landscape-ecological zoning of NFL of different regions of the Russian Federation, created on a single basis, to assess and monitor the state of agrolandscapes, soils and forage lands, and take administrative decisions on nature management in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.9
V. Malakhova, A.V. Eliseev
Sensitivity of the seafloor temperature (TB) of the Arctic shelf seas to changes in surface air temperature (TA) for the period of 1850–2300 was studied, based on the results of five models from the CMIP6 ensemble (Coupled Models Intercomparison Project, phase 6) under a scenario with high anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis is carried out in terms of ensemble statistics rather than individual models. Changes of both variables were calculated as a difference of mean values of the corresponding variable between pre-selected time intervals. These intervals characterized the pre-industrial state (1850–1900), modernity (2005–2015), the end of the 21st century (2090–2100), and the end of the 23st century (2290–2300). For the period of 2005–2015 the seas of the Siberian and North American shelves showed the sensitivity coefficients ∆TB/∆TA (∆ indicates changes relative to the pre-industrial period) less than 0,1 for average annual and winter values and up to 0.4 in summer. The results obtained for the summer period are in good agreement with available measurement data for the East Siberian shelf. The sensitivity coefficients for the Barents Sea during the period are higher, i. e. 0,17–0,44 for average annual values and from 0,4 to 0,6 for summer temperatures. Sensitivity coefficients for the 21st–23rd centuries show a significant increase, especially for the part of the Arctic shelf which would be free from ice. This is most pronounced for the summer period in the seas of the Siberian and North American shelves, where the regionally averaged values of sensitivity coefficients were up to 0,5 from pre-industrial values by the end of the 21st century and increased to 0,8 by the end of the 23rd century. For the last change in state, the sensitivity coefficient in summer in the Barents Sea sector was close to one. Analytical approximations of these dependencies are suggested, which allow calculations to be carried out using a model of thermophysics of the bottom shelf sediments.
{"title":"Sensitivity of the bottom layer temperature of the Arctic shelf seas to air temperature in the 20th–23rd centuries according to CMIP6 data","authors":"V. Malakhova, A.V. Eliseev","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivity of the seafloor temperature (TB) of the Arctic shelf seas to changes in surface air temperature (TA) for the period of 1850–2300 was studied, based on the results of five models from the CMIP6 ensemble (Coupled Models Intercomparison Project, phase 6) under a scenario with high anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis is carried out in terms of ensemble statistics rather than individual models. Changes of both variables were calculated as a difference of mean values of the corresponding variable between pre-selected time intervals. These intervals characterized the pre-industrial state (1850–1900), modernity (2005–2015), the end of the 21st century (2090–2100), and the end of the 23st century (2290–2300). For the period of 2005–2015 the seas of the Siberian and North American shelves showed the sensitivity coefficients ∆TB/∆TA (∆ indicates changes relative to the pre-industrial period) less than 0,1 for average annual and winter values and up to 0.4 in summer. The results obtained for the summer period are in good agreement with available measurement data for the East Siberian shelf. The sensitivity coefficients for the Barents Sea during the period are higher, i. e. 0,17–0,44 for average annual values and from 0,4 to 0,6 for summer temperatures. Sensitivity coefficients for the 21st–23rd centuries show a significant increase, especially for the part of the Arctic shelf which would be free from ice. This is most pronounced for the summer period in the seas of the Siberian and North American shelves, where the regionally averaged values of sensitivity coefficients were up to 0,5 from pre-industrial values by the end of the 21st century and increased to 0,8 by the end of the 23rd century. For the last change in state, the sensitivity coefficient in summer in the Barents Sea sector was close to one. Analytical approximations of these dependencies are suggested, which allow calculations to be carried out using a model of thermophysics of the bottom shelf sediments.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.12
L. Imangulov, Koryuhin D.А.
The article discusses local features of the migration behavior of rural youth based on the results of an expedition survey of a mountainous rural district of Dagestan. Among the sources of information were official and school statistics and the results of interviews with the local population. There is a significant post-Soviet population growth in the Levashinsky district, among other things, due to the low emigration of the rural population. It was found that a significant part of young people remain in rural areas. The reasons are the presence of relatively profitable places of employment in the agricultural sector, trade and other economic activities. The most common variants of migration behavior of rural youth are: “Studied until grade 9, and stayed in the village to work”, and “Studied until grade 9/11, and left for work”, while the least common is: “Studied until grade 11, went to study and returned”. The migration behavior of rural youth in the district differs both from Russia as a whole and the region, and for particular settlements. The differences in migration attitudes of the surveyed rural communities are described for four villages of the Levashinsky district, i.e. Levashi, Kutish, Naskent and Ulluaya. It was found that each local settlement community of the Levashinsky district has its own specifics of migration situation, which, for example, is not directly related to the ethnic structure of the population.
{"title":"Youth migration in the montane Levashinsky district of Dagestan","authors":"L. Imangulov, Koryuhin D.А.","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses local features of the migration behavior of rural youth based on the results of an expedition survey of a mountainous rural district of Dagestan. Among the sources of information were official and school statistics and the results of interviews with the local population. There is a significant post-Soviet population growth in the Levashinsky district, among other things, due to the low emigration of the rural population. It was found that a significant part of young people remain in rural areas. The reasons are the presence of relatively profitable places of employment in the agricultural sector, trade and other economic activities. The most common variants of migration behavior of rural youth are: “Studied until grade 9, and stayed in the village to work”, and “Studied until grade 9/11, and left for work”, while the least common is: “Studied until grade 11, went to study and returned”. The migration behavior of rural youth in the district differs both from Russia as a whole and the region, and for particular settlements. The differences in migration attitudes of the surveyed rural communities are described for four villages of the Levashinsky district, i.e. Levashi, Kutish, Naskent and Ulluaya. It was found that each local settlement community of the Levashinsky district has its own specifics of migration situation, which, for example, is not directly related to the ethnic structure of the population.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.11
S.A. Myslenkov
The study deals with the analysis of wind waves in the Arctic seas of Russia along the Northern Sea Route. Data on wind wave parameters were obtained on the basis of the WAVEWATCH III spectral model, and data on wind and sea ice concentration for the period from 1979 to 2021 – from the NCEP/CFSR/CFSv2 reanalysis. Estimates of the distribution of the average, maximum and 95th percentile height of significant waves and the duration of ice-free period along two variants of the route along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) have been obtained with a space resolution of ~20 km. Trends of the parameters under consideration were also estimated for 43 years. The minimum duration of ice-free period is about 30 days on the northern route of the NSR in the East Siberian Sea. The minimum duration on the southern route is never less than 65 days. The average annual wave height during the ice-free period exceeds 2 m in the Barents Sea, 1,6 m in the Chukchi Sea and is no more than 1,2 m for the rest of the route. The maximum wave height and the 95th percentile of wave height are significantly lower on the southern route. The trends for the duration of the ice-free period are positive all along the NSR, and amount to 15–20 days per 10 years. The maximum trend values of 52 days per 10 years are observed north of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The minimum values of trends for the ice-free period are observed in the area of the Vilkitsky Strait and in the northeastern part of the Kara Sea. The maximum trend for wave height during the ice-free period is observed in the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea reaching 0,33 m in 10 years on the northern and 0,12 m in 10 years on the southern route of the NSR.
{"title":"Analysis of the wind waves height and the duration of ice-free period along the Northern Sea Route from 1979 to 2021","authors":"S.A. Myslenkov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with the analysis of wind waves in the Arctic seas of Russia along the Northern Sea Route. Data on wind wave parameters were obtained on the basis of the WAVEWATCH III spectral model, and data on wind and sea ice concentration for the period from 1979 to 2021 – from the NCEP/CFSR/CFSv2 reanalysis. Estimates of the distribution of the average, maximum and 95th percentile height of significant waves and the duration of ice-free period along two variants of the route along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) have been obtained with a space resolution of ~20 km. Trends of the parameters under consideration were also estimated for 43 years. The minimum duration of ice-free period is about 30 days on the northern route of the NSR in the East Siberian Sea. The minimum duration on the southern route is never less than 65 days. The average annual wave height during the ice-free period exceeds 2 m in the Barents Sea, 1,6 m in the Chukchi Sea and is no more than 1,2 m for the rest of the route. The maximum wave height and the 95th percentile of wave height are significantly lower on the southern route. The trends for the duration of the ice-free period are positive all along the NSR, and amount to 15–20 days per 10 years. The maximum trend values of 52 days per 10 years are observed north of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. The minimum values of trends for the ice-free period are observed in the area of the Vilkitsky Strait and in the northeastern part of the Kara Sea. The maximum trend for wave height during the ice-free period is observed in the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea reaching 0,33 m in 10 years on the northern and 0,12 m in 10 years on the southern route of the NSR.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.8
A.V. Kokhan, E. A. Eremenko, Е.А. Moroz, Ermakov A.V., Sokolov S.Yu.
The paper summarizes and systematizes available data on geological and geomorphologic structure of fluidogenic landforms on the Arctic shelves, in particular, pockmarks, pingo-like features, domes and craters. A small-scale map of the spatial distribution of fluidogenic landforms has been compiled. Geographical patterns of distribution of different types of fluidogenic landforms in the Arctic seas were identified, as well as main factors and conditions that determine their localization, morphology and modern activity. It is shown that fluidogenic landforms are complex formations with a multi-component source of fluids. Their distribution and accompanying gas manifestations in bottom sediments and water column are determined by complex combinations of factors. Among them the most significant are distribution and thickness of subaquatic permafrost and subpermafrost and the near-surface deep-sea gas hydrates. The amount of fluidogenic landforms at the bottom is influenced by specific features of oil and gas bearing structures and rocks with reservoir properties, as well as the influx of fresh land waters along the base of permafrost on the shelf, the degree of salinity of bottom sediments and the temperature of near-bottom water. In addition, fluidogenic morpholithogenesis is facilitated by the presence of structural channels for the influx of fluids to the surface in the form of faults and gas pipes in bottom sediments with the possible contribution of the jet degassing effect to the new formation of frozen rocks, accompanied by bottom heaving. Morphological differences in the structure of fluidogenic landforms are associated, in addition to the factors indicated above, with the history of the geological development of the shelf, in particular, with the time of submersion during the Holocene transgression and the impact of glaciation.
{"title":"Fluidogenic landforms on the Arctic shelves","authors":"A.V. Kokhan, E. A. Eremenko, Е.А. Moroz, Ermakov A.V., Sokolov S.Yu.","doi":"10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes and systematizes available data on geological and geomorphologic structure of fluidogenic landforms on the Arctic shelves, in particular, pockmarks, pingo-like features, domes and craters. A small-scale map of the spatial distribution of fluidogenic landforms has been compiled. Geographical patterns of distribution of different types of fluidogenic landforms in the Arctic seas were identified, as well as main factors and conditions that determine their localization, morphology and modern activity. It is shown that fluidogenic landforms are complex formations with a multi-component source of fluids. Their distribution and accompanying gas manifestations in bottom sediments and water column are determined by complex combinations of factors. Among them the most significant are distribution and thickness of subaquatic permafrost and subpermafrost and the near-surface deep-sea gas hydrates. The amount of fluidogenic landforms at the bottom is influenced by specific features of oil and gas bearing structures and rocks with reservoir properties, as well as the influx of fresh land waters along the base of permafrost on the shelf, the degree of salinity of bottom sediments and the temperature of near-bottom water. In addition, fluidogenic morpholithogenesis is facilitated by the presence of structural channels for the influx of fluids to the surface in the form of faults and gas pipes in bottom sediments with the possible contribution of the jet degassing effect to the new formation of frozen rocks, accompanied by bottom heaving. Morphological differences in the structure of fluidogenic landforms are associated, in addition to the factors indicated above, with the history of the geological development of the shelf, in particular, with the time of submersion during the Holocene transgression and the impact of glaciation.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.1
P. Baklanov
Economic zoning in the USSR was focused on the practical tasks, first of all, comprehensive planning for the long-term development of the national economy. In the 1990s, with the beginning of radical political and economic transformations in the country, the economic zoning lost its practical significance. However, even under market economy, the objective processes of territorial division of labor, industrial and technological connectivity of enterprises and companies still persist, as well as, agglomeration processes. Recently, new factors and prerequisites for the growing importance of economic zoning have emerged, such as the restoration of multilevel strategic planning, changes in the geopolitical situation of the country’s development and the need to achieve industrial and technological sovereignty. With this background it seems that the need to take into account the objective processes of complex formation and district formation, and to perform a new multi-level economic zoning of Russia on this basis sharply increases. The article provides a possible scheme of seven large economic regions and 22 mesorayons. The main links of production and technological chains and priority activities are identified for the large regions. Such zoning could be useful for the long-term planning of sustainable development of the country and its regions.
{"title":"NEW FACTORS AND PREREQUISITES FOR THE ECONOMIC ZONING OF RUSSIA","authors":"P. Baklanov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Economic zoning in the USSR was focused on the practical tasks, first of all, comprehensive planning for the long-term development of the national economy. In the 1990s, with the beginning of radical political and economic transformations in the country, the economic zoning lost its practical significance. However, even under market economy, the objective processes of territorial division of labor, industrial and technological connectivity of enterprises and companies still persist, as well as, agglomeration processes. Recently, new factors and prerequisites for the growing importance of economic zoning have emerged, such as the restoration of multilevel strategic planning, changes in the geopolitical situation of the country’s development and the need to achieve industrial and technological sovereignty. With this background it seems that the need to take into account the objective processes of complex formation and district formation, and to perform a new multi-level economic zoning of Russia on this basis sharply increases. The article provides a possible scheme of seven large economic regions and 22 mesorayons. The main links of production and technological chains and priority activities are identified for the large regions. Such zoning could be useful for the long-term planning of sustainable development of the country and its regions.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"81 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.10
A. S. Chuchkalov, G.A. Zyryanov, D.V. Martemyanov
Suburban rural areas are characterized by a number of various relationships between rural and urban populations. A common feature of suburban areas in the post-Soviet period is the intensification of two types of spatially expressed relationships, namely labour migrations of rural population to the city centre and dacha recreational trips of city residents to the countryside. The article considers the regional specifics of the Chuvash Republic (a multi-ethnic region with an increased share of rural population and a rapid expansion of the regional centre agglomeration), and identifies factors of spatial heterogeneity of the post-Soviet transformation of the population of villages in the suburban Cheboksary district. The analysis of the evolution of settlements was preceded by a spatial analysis of the regional rural population dynamics by inter-census periods since 1979. Territorial differences in the intensity of both the emergence of gardening partnerships, and individual housing construction allow the identification of three spatial zones according to the nature of the interaction of rural areas with the city centre: 1) “immediately suburban”; 2) “transitional” and 3) “traditional rural”. The settlements of the “immediately suburban” zone are characterized by the highest intensity of relocation of the urban dwellers to permanent residence i.e. the classical suburbanization. The “transitional” zone experiences the largest migration influx of population from peripheral rural areas, and the “traditional rural” zone demonstrates the largest relative differences between the permanent and summer seasonal population numbers. Rural settlements of different types are characterized within each zone, such as local rural centres, “dormitory settlements” with farms and “dormitory settlements” without places of collective labour. The post-Soviet population dynamics of settlements located at different distances from the city was analyzed, and a conclusion was made about the primary role of transport accessibility of the city centre as a factor in the spatial differentiation of the distribution of the rural population. The availability of jobs in a settlement within the “immediately suburban” zone is not important for its sustainability, while on the contrary, the role of this factor increases in the “traditional rural” zone of the district. As a result, “dormitory settlements” without jobs are both the best in the region in terms of post-Soviet population dynamics (if they are less than 20 km from the city centre, they are transformed into cottage estates) and the worst (if they are more than 40 km away).
{"title":"Socio-economic transformation of rural settlements in the suburban municipal district of the city of Cheboksary over the past 30 years","authors":"A. S. Chuchkalov, G.A. Zyryanov, D.V. Martemyanov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Suburban rural areas are characterized by a number of various relationships between rural and urban populations. A common feature of suburban areas in the post-Soviet period is the intensification of two types of spatially expressed relationships, namely labour migrations of rural population to the city centre and dacha recreational trips of city residents to the countryside. The article considers the regional specifics of the Chuvash Republic (a multi-ethnic region with an increased share of rural population and a rapid expansion of the regional centre agglomeration), and identifies factors of spatial heterogeneity of the post-Soviet transformation of the population of villages in the suburban Cheboksary district. The analysis of the evolution of settlements was preceded by a spatial analysis of the regional rural population dynamics by inter-census periods since 1979. Territorial differences in the intensity of both the emergence of gardening partnerships, and individual housing construction allow the identification of three spatial zones according to the nature of the interaction of rural areas with the city centre: 1) “immediately suburban”; 2) “transitional” and 3) “traditional rural”. The settlements of the “immediately suburban” zone are characterized by the highest intensity of relocation of the urban dwellers to permanent residence i.e. the classical suburbanization. The “transitional” zone experiences the largest migration influx of population from peripheral rural areas, and the “traditional rural” zone demonstrates the largest relative differences between the permanent and summer seasonal population numbers. Rural settlements of different types are characterized within each zone, such as local rural centres, “dormitory settlements” with farms and “dormitory settlements” without places of collective labour. The post-Soviet population dynamics of settlements located at different distances from the city was analyzed, and a conclusion was made about the primary role of transport accessibility of the city centre as a factor in the spatial differentiation of the distribution of the rural population. The availability of jobs in a settlement within the “immediately suburban” zone is not important for its sustainability, while on the contrary, the role of this factor increases in the “traditional rural” zone of the district. As a result, “dormitory settlements” without jobs are both the best in the region in terms of post-Soviet population dynamics (if they are less than 20 km from the city centre, they are transformed into cottage estates) and the worst (if they are more than 40 km away).","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"128 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：