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Реформа децентрализации в Украине: институционально‑правовой аспект 乌克兰权力下放改革:体制-法律方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2021.05.09
Светлана Осадчук
Goal – the goal of the paper is to put into perspective the institutional and legal framework of the decentralization reform in Ukraine, as well as to identify problems, explore trends, and provide proposals in reference to the relevant foreign experience in the field. It argues that the decentralization reform in Ukraine has positive results and is an important step towards increasing the autonomy of local authorities. In concludes with arguing that Ukraine should apply the relevant experience of foreign countries while conducting its decentralization reform. Research methodology – the methods used in the article are analysis of official docu ments coming from the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of Economics and the Tax Service of Ukraine, as well as analysis of the factors that promote the autonomy of local government in Ukraine. Score/results – the article is distinguished by a sufficient level of scientific analysis and has provisions, suggestions and practical recommendations that can be used for further research on decentralization issues. Originality/value – the article presents the original complex approach to the problem of decentralization reform in Ukraine and provides substantial analysis of its legal and institutional framework.
目标-本文的目标是透视乌克兰权力下放改革的体制和法律框架,并确定问题,探讨趋势,并参考国外在该领域的相关经验提出建议。它认为,乌克兰的权力下放改革取得了积极成果,是增加地方当局自主权的重要步骤。最后提出乌克兰在进行权力下放改革时应借鉴国外的相关经验。研究方法-文章中使用的方法是分析来自乌克兰财政部,经济部和税务部门的官方文件,以及分析促进乌克兰地方政府自治的因素。得分/结果-这篇文章的特点是进行了充分的科学分析,并提供了可用于进一步研究权力下放问题的规定、建议和实际建议。原创性/价值-本文提出了解决乌克兰权力下放改革问题的原始复杂方法,并对其法律和制度框架进行了实质性分析。
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引用次数: 0
Корпоративная социальная ответственность как способ формирования идентичности персонала современных организаций 企业社会责任是塑造现代组织人员身份的一种方式。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/SUP.2020.04.02
Ольга Горьковая, Александр Петров
Goal – the article is devoted to the analysis of corporate social responsibility as a social, economic and legal phenomenon. The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical sociological study of the features of the influence of organizational strategies of corporate social responsibility on the staff identity formation of companies and organizations in St.-Petersburg and the North‑West region of Russia. Research methodology – the authors argue that the development of ideas related to the need to create their own strategies for corporate social responsibility was significantly influenced by the practices of Western European firms and companies that began active cross‑border cooperation with Russian companies in the late XX – early XXI centuries. Score/results – the results of the study proved that socially responsible actions of Russian or foreign companies help to improve the internal organizational climate, improve the attitude of employees to their company and staff identity formation. Implementation of corporate social responsibility practices also solves complex organizational problems, for example, such as: increasing the level of staff loyalty and reducing staff turnover. Originality/value – the study showed that Russian companies are still lagging behind the West European companies in the field of creating and implementing effective corporate social responsibility strategies. But some examples show that Russian companies are already actively involved in the development of corporate social responsibility of a new, modern type.
目标-本文致力于分析企业社会责任作为一种社会、经济和法律现象。本文通过对圣彼得堡和俄罗斯西北地区企业和组织的企业社会责任组织战略对员工认同形成的影响特征进行理论和实证社会学研究,得出结论。研究方法——作者认为,与创建自己的企业社会责任战略的必要性相关的思想的发展受到西欧公司和公司的实践的重大影响,这些公司和公司在20世纪末至21世纪初开始与俄罗斯公司进行积极的跨境合作。得分/结果-研究结果证明,俄罗斯或外国公司的社会责任行为有助于改善内部组织气氛,改善员工对公司的态度和员工身份的形成。企业社会责任实践的实施也解决了复杂的组织问题,例如:提高员工忠诚度,减少员工流失率。原创性/价值-研究表明,在制定和实施有效的企业社会责任战略方面,俄罗斯公司仍然落后于西欧公司。但一些例子表明,俄罗斯公司已经积极参与了新型现代企业社会责任的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Oсобенности правового регулирования медиации в Беларуси и Польше: сравнительно­‑правовой аспект 白俄罗斯和波兰调解的法律监管:相对法律方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2019.03.04
Наталья Бесецкая
‣ Goal – this article’s main goal is to provide the differences in the legal regulation of mediation in the Belarusian and Polish legislation, taking into account the identification of comparable comparison criteria, and on their basis to determine the possibility of borrowing of certain rules. ‣ Research methodology – the author focuses on the application of comparative jurisprudence as a comparative method of cognition of mediation, in general, and its method of normative comparison by formal legal analysis, in particular. This allowed to identify the unique, typical, general and special in the legal regulation of mediation in the legislation of Belarus and Poland. ‣ Score/results – the article includes several sections where based on comparison of Belarusian and Polish legislation the most essential aspects of mediation institution are disclosed: sources of legal regulation; the field and grounds of mediation application; issues of conclusion and execution of mediation agreement. As a result, the trends of legal regulation of the institution of mediation in Belarus and Poland are revealed. ‣ Originality/value – the article is the first comparative legal study of the legislation of Belarus and Poland on mediation, has theoretical and practical significance, and contains author’s generalizations and conclusions. |
目标-本文的主要目标是提供白俄罗斯和波兰立法中调解法律规定的差异,考虑到可比较比较标准的识别,并在其基础上确定借鉴某些规则的可能性。研究方法论——作者主要关注比较法学的应用,一般来说,比较法学是一种对调解的认知的比较方法,特别是通过正式的法律分析进行规范比较的方法。这使我们能够在白俄罗斯和波兰的立法中确定调解法律规定的独特、典型、一般和特殊之处。分数/结果-文章包括几个部分,其中基于白俄罗斯和波兰立法的比较,调解机构最重要的方面被披露:法律法规的来源;申请调解的范围和理由;调解协议的订立和执行问题。结果揭示了白俄罗斯和波兰调解制度的法律规制趋势。独创性/价值——本文是对白俄罗斯和波兰调解立法的首次比较法学研究,具有理论和实践意义,并包含作者的总结和结论。|
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Coherence and the Evolution of Corporate Governance in Poland 制度一致性与波兰公司治理的演变
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2021.05.10
Magdalena Owczarczuk, A. Wierzbicka
Goal – the purpose of the article is to present the significance and role of institutional coherence in the development and evolution of corporate governance in Poland. Research methodology – a review of the literature on examining the specificity of knowledge about the role of institutional coherence in the development and evolution of corporate governance in Poland and analysis and assessment of the changes in good practice codes in Poland. Score/results – a systemic approach to the issue of corporate governance reveals that it is a collection of both formal and informal institutions. Through mutual interac tion, corporate governance rules lead to the emergence of a relatively stable and predictable environment in which enterprises and their stakeholders can operate. Originality/value – analysis of good practice codes in Poland reveals that the process of their adjustment to the current social and cultural norms, as well as to the expectations of the market, can be positively evaluated, as evidenced by the fact that their new editions continue to be published. The provisions which appear in good practice codes year by year adequately reflect the needs and expectations of the market.
目标-这篇文章的目的是提出在波兰公司治理的发展和演变制度一致性的意义和作用。研究方法-审查关于制度一致性在波兰公司治理发展和演变中的作用的知识的特殊性的文献,并分析和评估波兰良好做法守则的变化。分数/结果-对公司治理问题的系统方法表明,它是正式和非正式制度的集合。公司治理规则通过相互作用,形成了一个相对稳定和可预测的环境,使企业及其利益相关者能够在其中运行。原创性/价值- -对波兰良好做法守则的分析表明,可以积极评价这些守则适应当前社会和文化规范以及市场期望的过程,这些守则的新版本继续出版就是证明。良好实务守则每年所载的条文均充分反映市场的需要和期望。
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引用次数: 0
Risk of Global Economic Crisis in 2022 and the Mechanism of Transmission of Economic Shocks between the Main Areas of the Global Economy 2022年全球经济危机风险及全球经济主要领域间经济冲击传导机制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2022.06.12
Jacek Pera
Goal – the aim of the study is to analyze the main economic areas of the global economy in terms of the possibility of transferring the crisis in relation to the current global economic situation. Research methodology – the analysis conducted was based on literature research; the empirical analysis used causation in the Granger sense and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. Score/results – The existence of the so–called “locomotive effect” was observed for a group of countries: USA–CSSA, CSSA–USA, EA–LA, EA–CSSA, LA–EA, CSSA–EA, MECA–LA, MECA–CSSA, LA–MECA, CSSA–MECA, EDA–CSSA, CSSA–EDA, LA–CSSA, CSSA–LA, meaning a positive domestic shock transmitted to the economic partner, among the countries studied, the analysis is carried out based on annual data of GDP values as a measure of economic activity. CSSA remains the safest economic area and also the most neutral in view of the current global economic and political situation. In the WPE, there is a maximum [full] correlation of 1 for: EDA–USA, MECA–EA, EDA–EA, MECA–EDA and EDA–MECA. These are currently the most dangerous and crisis–prone areas, with potential for transferring crises between them. It is facilitated by territorial cohesion and the geopolitical situation between countries in these economic regions. Relatively high correlations can also be observed in these areas between the analyzed factors: IMP, IMG, IDCF and PC. The risk of transferring a crisis resulting from war between the areas mentioned is the highest here. Other correlations in terms of: USA–EA, USA–LA, EA–USA, LA–USA, LA–EDA, EDA–LA remain at weak or average levels. This is influenced by geographic distance and the lack of strong economic and political ties. Originality/value – the originality of the study results from the topic undertaken. Identification of potential crisis areas and channels of crisis transmission in the current global geopolitical situation constitutes an added value.
目标-该研究的目的是分析全球经济的主要经济领域,就目前全球经济形势转移危机的可能性而言。研究方法:采用文献研究法进行分析;实证分析采用格兰杰意义上的因果关系和Pearson线性相关系数。得分/结果-在一组国家中观察到所谓的“机车效应”的存在:美国- cssa, CSSA-USA, EA-LA, EA-CSSA, LA-EA, CSSA-EA, MECA-LA, MECA-CSSA, LA-MECA, CSSA-MECA, EDA-CSSA, CSSA-EDA, LA-CSSA, CSSA-LA,这意味着积极的国内冲击传递给经济伙伴,在所研究的国家中,分析是基于GDP值的年度数据作为经济活动的衡量标准进行的。综援仍然是最安全的经济地区,也是目前全球经济和政治形势下最中立的地区。在WPE中,EDA-USA、MECA-EA、EDA-EA、MECA-EDA和EDA-MECA的最大[完全]相关性为1。这些地区目前是最危险和最容易发生危机的地区,有可能在它们之间转移危机。这些经济区域的领土凝聚力和各国之间的地缘政治局势为其提供了便利。在这些地区,所分析的因素:IMP、IMG、IDCF和PC之间也可以观察到相对较高的相关性。在上述地区之间转移由战争引起的危机的风险是最高的。其他方面的相关性:美国- ea、美国- la、EA-USA、LA-USA、LA-EDA、EDA-LA仍然处于较弱或平均水平。这受到地理距离和缺乏强有力的经济和政治联系的影响。原创性/价值——研究结果的原创性来自所承担的课题。在当前的全球地缘政治形势下,识别潜在的危机区域和危机传播渠道是一种附加价值。
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引用次数: 0
Техническая возможность и экономическая целесообразность ремонта автомобильных агрегатов с восстановлением изношенных деталей 修复汽车磨损部件的技术可行性和经济可行性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/SUP.2020.04.03
Владимир Иванов, Татьяна Вигерина
Goal – identification of conditions for the economic feasibility of repairing units with the restoration of parts in comparison with the repair based on the use of new parts. Research – techno‑economic methods were used, taking into account the changing cost items for technological operations of repairing automobile units in various versions. The limitation was the provision of after‑repair running hours of repaired units, not inferior to the standard operating time of new units. Score/results – the review shows the conditions under which the main quality indicators in the form of wear resistance and fatigue strength of the restored parts, which determine their durability, are not inferior to the development to the limit state of new parts. Originality/value – the cost of restoring individual parts during the repair of units is 8–60% of the price of new products. The conditions of concentration of production with an increase in its volumes are given, which reduces the complexity of the restoration of parts up to two times.
目标 - 与使用新部件进行维修相比,确定通过修复部件进行维修的经济可行性条件。研究采用了技术经济学方法,考虑到了各种型号汽车维修技术操作成本项目的变化。限制条件是维修后的设备运行时间不得低于新设备的标准运行时间。得分/结果--审查结果表明,在什么条件下,修复后部件的耐磨性和疲劳强度等决定其耐用性的主要质量指标不低于新部件发展到极限状态的质量指标。独创性/价值 - 在设备维修过程中,修复单个零件的成本是新产品价格的 8-60%。随着生产量的增加,生产集中化的条件已经具备,这将使部件修复的复杂性降低两倍。
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引用次数: 0
Social Responsibility of Universities on The Example of The University of Bialystok 大学的社会责任——以比亚韦斯托克大学为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2022.06.06
U. Gołaszewska-Kaczan
Goal – the purpose of this study was to present selected aspects of the social responsibility of universities and to describe examples of socially responsible activities undertaken by the University of Bialystok. Research methodology – for the purpose of the article, the analysis of the literature on the subject and the method of document research were used. Score/results – the article showed that the concept of social responsibility of universities is developing all the time and there is no single, generally accepted approach to it. Despite this, it is an idea that should be implemented by all universities. The University of Bialystok has already taken up this challenge. However, perhaps there is a need for greater structuring of these activities and their wider promotion. Originality/value – the article expands the knowledge about the social responsibility of universities. It presents selected socially responsible activities of the University of Bialystok.
目标-本研究的目的是提出大学社会责任的选定方面,并描述比亚韦斯托克大学开展的社会责任活动的例子。研究方法-为了文章的目的,对该主题的文献分析和文献研究的方法被使用。分数/结果——文章表明,大学社会责任的概念一直在发展,没有一个单一的,普遍接受的方法。尽管如此,这是一个所有大学都应该实施的想法。比亚韦斯托克大学已经接受了这一挑战。然而,也许有必要对这些活动进行更大的组织和更广泛的推广。原创性/价值——拓展了对大学社会责任的认识。它介绍了比亚韦斯托克大学选定的社会责任活动。
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引用次数: 0
Informal Cross-Border Trade in African Economic Communities – The Case of The Ecowas and the Waemu 非洲经济共同体的非正式跨境贸易——以西非经共体和西非共同体为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2022.06.05
Joanna Garlińska-Bielawska
Goal – the paper aims to present research findings relating to the complexity of the phenomenon of cross-border trade in the functioning of the ECOWAS and the WAEMU with a particular focus on elements of informal cross-border trade within the communities concerned. Research methodology – empirical (indirect observation and description) and general methods, including deduction and induction, were used to achieve the aim of the study. Research techniques such as cause-and-effect, comparative, documentary, historical, and synthesis were of great importance. Score/results – the investigation primarily leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to perceive ICBT differently from the perspective of economic communities of less developed countries (ECOWAS, WAEMU) and from that of advanced economies, such as the European Union, placing significant emphasis on the formalisation of trade and penalising entities pursuing informal activities. From the point of view of maximising the benefits of trade within particular African economic communities and – in the near future – within Africa’s continental community (AfCFTA, AEC), it seems vital to develop a specific, African way of appropriately using the potential of ICBT, specifically with the aim of promoting social inclusion and reducing poverty in Africa. Originality/value – the subject of ICBT in African REC is not a new problem, but it is still a niche subject, particularly in the Polish literature. The work is done by the author independently without any help and assistance of others. The study relies on the examination of source documents, statistical data and the critical analysis of the literature.
目标-该文件旨在提出与西非经共体和西非经济联盟运作中跨境贸易现象的复杂性有关的研究结果,特别侧重于有关社区内非正式跨境贸易的因素。研究方法-实证(间接观察和描述)和一般方法,包括演绎和归纳,以实现研究的目的。因果、比较、文献、历史、综合等研究方法非常重要。得分/结果-调查主要得出的结论是,有必要从欠发达国家(西非经共体、西非货币联盟)和发达经济体(如欧洲联盟)的经济共同体的角度来不同地看待国际贸易壁垒,这些经济共同体非常强调贸易的正规化,并惩罚从事非正式活动的实体。从最大化特定非洲经济共同体内部贸易利益的角度来看,在不久的将来,在非洲大陆共同体(AfCFTA, AEC)内,发展一种特定的、非洲的方式来适当利用ICBT的潜力,特别是以促进非洲的社会包容和减少贫困为目标,似乎至关重要。原创性/价值-非洲REC中的ICBT主题不是一个新问题,但它仍然是一个利基主题,特别是在波兰文学中。这项工作是由作者独立完成的,没有任何其他人的帮助和协助。这项研究依赖于对原始文献的审查,统计数据和文献的批判性分析。
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引用次数: 0
The Models of Mandates of the Parliamentarians in Belarus and in the EU: Comparative Legal Aspect 白俄罗斯和欧盟议员授权模式:比较法律方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2019.03.08
A. Chmyha
‣ Goal – to analyze and compare the key points of concepts of representative mandates in Belarus and in the EU. ‣ Research methodology – the basis of the work is the comparative -legal method of research, as well as other methods of scientific knowledge. ‣ Score/results – in European legal science, there is a traditional division of the parliamentarian’s representative mandate into two types that currently prevail: a free and imperative mandate. The type of a mandate determines the character of cooperation of an elected representative with his electorate A number of progressive characteristics of the mixed type of parliamentarian’s mandate are stated. ‣ Originality/value – it is concluded that the gradual transition to the normative regulation and promotion of the mixed (hybrid) type of parliamentarian’s mandate in Republic of Belarus is preferable. |
目标-分析和比较白俄罗斯和欧盟代议制授权概念的要点。研究方法论——工作的基础是比较法研究方法,以及其他科学知识方法。分数/结果——在欧洲法律科学中,传统上把议员的代表授权分为两种类型,目前流行的是自由授权和强制授权。授权的类型决定了当选代表与其选民合作的性质。本文阐述了混合型议员授权的若干进步特征。独创性/价值-结论是逐渐过渡到规范的规定和促进混合(混合)类型的国会议员的任务在白俄罗斯共和国是可取的。|
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引用次数: 0
Система актов Республики Беларусь по вопросам обеспечения безопасности 白俄罗斯共和国安全保障法案制度
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/sup.2019.03.02
Марина Андрияшко
‣ Goal – to explore the paradigm of a programmatic way of regulating security issues of the Republic of Belarus. ‣ Research methodology – in the article the author applied general (system analysis method, method of argumentation theory) and private scientific methods of cognition (legal: formal-legal and comparative-legal methods). ‣ Score/results – in the article, by analyzing such aspects as the issues of ensuring demographic security, ongoing state programs in the field of ensuring security in this direction, the achieved results of implementing state programs and the stability of such results, the need for additional study of the possibility of constructing a system of acts on security issues is shown. The types of acts on security issues and the types of approving regulatory legal acts are examined. And made the conclusion that there is no uniform approach to building a system of acts on security issues. ‣ Originality/value – the work is done by the author independently without any help and assistance of others. The article provides links to citations, as well as links to legislation. The nature of the article is a review report. |
目标-探索规范白俄罗斯共和国安全问题的程序化方式的范例。研究方法论——作者在文章中运用了一般的(系统分析方法、论证方法理论)和私人的科学的认知方法(法律的:形式法和比较法方法)。分数/结果-在文章中,通过分析诸如确保人口安全的问题,正在进行的国家在确保这一方向的安全领域的方案,实施国家方案所取得的成果和这些结果的稳定性等方面,需要进一步研究构建一个系统的安全问题的行为的可能性。审查了安全问题行为的类型和批准监管法律行为的类型。得出的结论是,构建安全问题法律体系没有统一的途径。独创性/价值——作品是作者独立完成的,没有任何他人的帮助。这篇文章提供了引文的链接,以及立法的链接。这篇文章的性质是一篇评论报告。|
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引用次数: 0
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