Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17354
H. Mohammed, Sama M. N. Attiyah
Background: Inflammation is a key factor in COVID-19 progression and is potentially an importantpredictive factor. The ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes and platelets to lymphocytes may showsignificant inflammatory progression, which may contribute to the development of some majorcomplications and mortality problems as observed in COVID-19. Objective: To examine and investigatethe correlation of neutrophil lymphocytic ratio (NLR) and platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR) withincreased mortality risk.Methods: 124 patients admitted to King Abdulaziz hospital with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled inour study. The blood cell count was used to obtain NLR and PLR. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of NLR and PLR for severity andmortality of admitted patients with COVID-19. The logistic regression model was used to explore therisk factors associated with mortality and severity.Results: The mortality rate was 23.4%. Among non-survivors’ patients’ lymphocyte significantlydeclined with 96.5%, while neutrophil counts increased. The Empirical optimal cut point of NLRcorrelated with mortality is 4.647, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 61% (AUC: 0.847, 95%CI 0.774-0.921; P = 0.001). Moreover, the optimal cut point of PLR associated mortality is 17.358,with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 64% (AUC: 0.791, 95% CI 0.703-0.878; P = 0.005).Conclusions: NLR and PLR variables were significantly correlated with severity and mortality. NLRand PLR can be considered independent biomarkers in COVID-19 patients which play a significant roleto predict mortality cases.
{"title":"Prognostic Significance Association of Neutrophil-To- Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelets-To-Lymphocyte Ratio with Mortality in COVID19 Patients","authors":"H. Mohammed, Sama M. N. Attiyah","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17354","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inflammation is a key factor in COVID-19 progression and is potentially an importantpredictive factor. The ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes and platelets to lymphocytes may showsignificant inflammatory progression, which may contribute to the development of some majorcomplications and mortality problems as observed in COVID-19. Objective: To examine and investigatethe correlation of neutrophil lymphocytic ratio (NLR) and platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR) withincreased mortality risk.Methods: 124 patients admitted to King Abdulaziz hospital with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled inour study. The blood cell count was used to obtain NLR and PLR. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of NLR and PLR for severity andmortality of admitted patients with COVID-19. The logistic regression model was used to explore therisk factors associated with mortality and severity.Results: The mortality rate was 23.4%. Among non-survivors’ patients’ lymphocyte significantlydeclined with 96.5%, while neutrophil counts increased. The Empirical optimal cut point of NLRcorrelated with mortality is 4.647, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 61% (AUC: 0.847, 95%CI 0.774-0.921; P = 0.001). Moreover, the optimal cut point of PLR associated mortality is 17.358,with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 64% (AUC: 0.791, 95% CI 0.703-0.878; P = 0.005).Conclusions: NLR and PLR variables were significantly correlated with severity and mortality. NLRand PLR can be considered independent biomarkers in COVID-19 patients which play a significant roleto predict mortality cases.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"3372-3381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88941090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17233
Yahya A. Altufaily, Hakim Yosif Radhi, Laith Jasim khejani
Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in children. Their incidence is (2-5 %). To date, thepathophysiology of febrile seizures is unknown. But several hypotheses have been supposed that itmay relate with plasma iron level. Such low risk in thalassemic patients whose plasma iron level is highcould give some clues to this hypothesis.Aim of the Study: Determine the risk of febrile seizure in thalassemic patients in comparism with thecorresponding control group.Patients and Methods: This case –control study was conducted on one hundred fifty patients withthalassemia major between six month and six years of age who were visit Babylon center for inheritedblood diseases in the Teaching hospital for maternity and children from April 2019 to January 2020.All medical records of thalassemic patients were thoroughly reviewed and the occurrence of febrileseizures are interviewed and compared with the control group .The children in the control group areneither thalassemic nor has iron deficiency anemia.Results: Febrile seizure was detected in one case of the thalassemic group (0.66%) versus six cases(4%) of the control group. The risk of febrile seizure in the control group was 6 times more than that inthe thalassemia group, which was statistically significant (P =0.036).Conclusion: The risk of febrile seizures in thalassemic patients was (0.16) that of the general childrenpopulation. Thus, iron overload may be a major factor involving the brain metabolism that preventsfebrile seizures.
{"title":"Febrile Seizures in Thalassemic Patients in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children","authors":"Yahya A. Altufaily, Hakim Yosif Radhi, Laith Jasim khejani","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17233","url":null,"abstract":"Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in children. Their incidence is (2-5 %). To date, thepathophysiology of febrile seizures is unknown. But several hypotheses have been supposed that itmay relate with plasma iron level. Such low risk in thalassemic patients whose plasma iron level is highcould give some clues to this hypothesis.Aim of the Study: Determine the risk of febrile seizure in thalassemic patients in comparism with thecorresponding control group.Patients and Methods: This case –control study was conducted on one hundred fifty patients withthalassemia major between six month and six years of age who were visit Babylon center for inheritedblood diseases in the Teaching hospital for maternity and children from April 2019 to January 2020.All medical records of thalassemic patients were thoroughly reviewed and the occurrence of febrileseizures are interviewed and compared with the control group .The children in the control group areneither thalassemic nor has iron deficiency anemia.Results: Febrile seizure was detected in one case of the thalassemic group (0.66%) versus six cases(4%) of the control group. The risk of febrile seizure in the control group was 6 times more than that inthe thalassemia group, which was statistically significant (P =0.036).Conclusion: The risk of febrile seizures in thalassemic patients was (0.16) that of the general childrenpopulation. Thus, iron overload may be a major factor involving the brain metabolism that preventsfebrile seizures.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":"3025-3031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17249
Mustafa Majeed, R. Hamza
Open-heart surgery is considered a major surgery with potential risks and complications, but it is a lifesavingoperation that can treat a variety of diseases such as heart valve disease, heart birth defects, andcoronary artery disease. A Quasi- experimental design has been used in the existing study to evaluatethe effect of clinical guideline concerning cardiopulmonary bypass on nurses’ knowledge in open heartsurgery center in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf city at Al-Najaf center for cardiac surgery and trans-cathetertherapy through the period October 1th, 2020 to, April 19th , 2021. The results of the study show there isa high significant effect of the educational program, it also, show that high Significant mean differenceamong study group concerning pre-test and post-test scores at p-value (0.0001). Also, in this study thereis a significant association between posttest knowledge and year of experience as a perfusionists andnumber of training courses at p-value (0.02) and (0.01).The study concluded that educational programcan improve in nurses’ knowledge and to produce perfusionists who are able to successfully apply theirknowledge and skills to improve patients’ outcome. The study recommended a written program forall new nurses working in heart-lung machine department, and improving the expertise of nurses andmedical staff through use the finding of the present study to give care for the patient.
{"title":"Effect of Clinical Guideline Concerning Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Nurses’ Knowledge in Open Heart Surgery Center.","authors":"Mustafa Majeed, R. Hamza","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17249","url":null,"abstract":"Open-heart surgery is considered a major surgery with potential risks and complications, but it is a lifesavingoperation that can treat a variety of diseases such as heart valve disease, heart birth defects, andcoronary artery disease. A Quasi- experimental design has been used in the existing study to evaluatethe effect of clinical guideline concerning cardiopulmonary bypass on nurses’ knowledge in open heartsurgery center in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf city at Al-Najaf center for cardiac surgery and trans-cathetertherapy through the period October 1th, 2020 to, April 19th , 2021. The results of the study show there isa high significant effect of the educational program, it also, show that high Significant mean differenceamong study group concerning pre-test and post-test scores at p-value (0.0001). Also, in this study thereis a significant association between posttest knowledge and year of experience as a perfusionists andnumber of training courses at p-value (0.02) and (0.01).The study concluded that educational programcan improve in nurses’ knowledge and to produce perfusionists who are able to successfully apply theirknowledge and skills to improve patients’ outcome. The study recommended a written program forall new nurses working in heart-lung machine department, and improving the expertise of nurses andmedical staff through use the finding of the present study to give care for the patient.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"3135-3141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81431876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17258
Samraà Maki Hamed, Yusra Salih Khudair
{"title":"Effect of Sperm Morphology on Normal Pregnancy","authors":"Samraà Maki Hamed, Yusra Salih Khudair","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"3181-3188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75525647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17261
A. D. Salman, S. Bakey
Objective: The study was done to assess the level of anxiety and depression among diabetic foot patientsat Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Teaching Hospitals. Also to find out relationships between anxiety and depressionof diabetic foot patients and their demographic characteristics. Methodology: a descriptive correlationaldesign, the study established for a period from 10th October, 2020 to 1st June, 2021. The study was conductedon a probability (accidental) sample of 120 patients who have a diabetic foot which was selected from Al-Sadder teaching hospital and Al-Furat teaching hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The researcheris using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Results:The result of the study showed (37.5%) of the study sample had moderate anxiety. Furthermore, the studyshows (36.6%) of the study participant have moderate depression. Contingency correlation analysis showedthat anxiety and depression is a significant correlation with the number of hospital admission, duration ofcurrent admission, and previous amputation. In addition, anxiety was significantly correlated with gender,educational level, duration of the diabetic foot. Besides, depression was significantly correlated with age,economic status, having other chronic diseases.
{"title":"Detection the Level of Anxiety and Depression among Diabetic Foot Patients at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Teching Hospitals","authors":"A. D. Salman, S. Bakey","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17261","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study was done to assess the level of anxiety and depression among diabetic foot patientsat Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Teaching Hospitals. Also to find out relationships between anxiety and depressionof diabetic foot patients and their demographic characteristics. Methodology: a descriptive correlationaldesign, the study established for a period from 10th October, 2020 to 1st June, 2021. The study was conductedon a probability (accidental) sample of 120 patients who have a diabetic foot which was selected from Al-Sadder teaching hospital and Al-Furat teaching hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The researcheris using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Results:The result of the study showed (37.5%) of the study sample had moderate anxiety. Furthermore, the studyshows (36.6%) of the study participant have moderate depression. Contingency correlation analysis showedthat anxiety and depression is a significant correlation with the number of hospital admission, duration ofcurrent admission, and previous amputation. In addition, anxiety was significantly correlated with gender,educational level, duration of the diabetic foot. Besides, depression was significantly correlated with age,economic status, having other chronic diseases.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"3208-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17255
H. Jabbar, S. J. Muhamad
Aims: To determine the effectiveness of instructional program on self-care knowledge patientsundergoing chemotherapy after gastrectomy. Methods: Pre-experimental pre-post test design wasconducted in Al-Naseria City. The data collection process uses the interview technique and analyzedthrough the descriptive statistic. Results: There is statistically significance differences between preposttest knowledge, which mean effectiveness of instructional program knowledge of self care aftergastrectomy. Conclusion: In the post-test, there was a big difference in the patients’ knowledge leveltowards self-care. Establishing specialized centers to educate patients importance of early detection ofcancer.
{"title":"Effectiveness of an Instructional Program on Gastric Carcinoma Patients Knowledge Undergoing Chemotherapy toward Self Care after Gastrectomy at Oncology Unit of ALHaboby Teaching Hospital in AL-Naseria City","authors":"H. Jabbar, S. J. Muhamad","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17255","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the effectiveness of instructional program on self-care knowledge patientsundergoing chemotherapy after gastrectomy. Methods: Pre-experimental pre-post test design wasconducted in Al-Naseria City. The data collection process uses the interview technique and analyzedthrough the descriptive statistic. Results: There is statistically significance differences between preposttest knowledge, which mean effectiveness of instructional program knowledge of self care aftergastrectomy. Conclusion: In the post-test, there was a big difference in the patients’ knowledge leveltowards self-care. Establishing specialized centers to educate patients importance of early detection ofcancer.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"3156-3163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91385361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17183
Fereshteh Sohrabivafa, K. Azam, Malihe Sohrabivafa
{"title":"Evaluation of the Social Wellbeing Status and Associated factors in Students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences (Iran): A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Fereshteh Sohrabivafa, K. Azam, Malihe Sohrabivafa","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"2993-3001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74594027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17180
Arista Candra Irawati, S. Putra, R. M. Sukmariningsih, Adhi Putra Satria
Based on the legal construction contained in Article 29 of Law Number 36 the Year 2009 concerning Health,it has ordered that health workers suspected of neglecting in carrying out their profession. There is a needfor a settlement preceded by the mediation stage or what is known as the settlement of disputes out of thecourt. The facts in the field show that the handling of medical disputes, especially for doctors who commitnegligence, has not been fully implemented according to the provisions of Article 29 of the Health Law,meaning that the handling is not carried out through the first mediation stage, as in the case experienced bydr. Ayu et al. They had to be brought to court accused of committing medical malpractice because they failedto save the patient during a cito-cesarean operation. Dr. Ayu et al. at that time did not fulfill their rights to getmediation. This is because there has been no further regulation governing the procedures, procedures, andrules for implementing mediation, especially health services. Due to this fact, it becomes an obstacle to theconsistency of mediation efforts as a necessity in solving medical disputes. Law No. 29 of 2004 concerningMedical Practice and Regulation of the Medical Council Number 32 of 2015 concerning procedures forhandling suspected disciplinary violations of Doctors and Dentists do not regulate mediation efforts, so theimplementation of mediation efforts in health services is not optimal.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Implementation of Diversion in Efforts to Settle Medical Disputes in Indonesia","authors":"Arista Candra Irawati, S. Putra, R. M. Sukmariningsih, Adhi Putra Satria","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.17180","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the legal construction contained in Article 29 of Law Number 36 the Year 2009 concerning Health,it has ordered that health workers suspected of neglecting in carrying out their profession. There is a needfor a settlement preceded by the mediation stage or what is known as the settlement of disputes out of thecourt. The facts in the field show that the handling of medical disputes, especially for doctors who commitnegligence, has not been fully implemented according to the provisions of Article 29 of the Health Law,meaning that the handling is not carried out through the first mediation stage, as in the case experienced bydr. Ayu et al. They had to be brought to court accused of committing medical malpractice because they failedto save the patient during a cito-cesarean operation. Dr. Ayu et al. at that time did not fulfill their rights to getmediation. This is because there has been no further regulation governing the procedures, procedures, andrules for implementing mediation, especially health services. Due to this fact, it becomes an obstacle to theconsistency of mediation efforts as a necessity in solving medical disputes. Law No. 29 of 2004 concerningMedical Practice and Regulation of the Medical Council Number 32 of 2015 concerning procedures forhandling suspected disciplinary violations of Doctors and Dentists do not regulate mediation efforts, so theimplementation of mediation efforts in health services is not optimal.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"2984-2992"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90505688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16775
Alhassan Shaker Abed, Jubran K Hassan
Introduction: Topical glucocorticoids have been the mainstay for the treatment of many skin conditions sincetheir introduction due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative vasoconstrictive and immunosuppressiveproperties.Availability of topical glucocorticoids in different potencies as over the counter medication inIraq encourages their use for non-labeled indications , thus increasing the side effect of such drugs.Objectives: The aim of this study was toevaluate the use, knowledge of the patients and patient educationoftopical glucocorticoids.Methodology: A cross sectional community pharmacy based survey was conducted throughout Basrahcity.Inclusion criteria were costumers visiting the community pharmacies asking for topical corticosteroidswithout prescription, aging 15 years and older and willing to participate in the study.600 questionnaireformafor topical corticosteroids were distributed in the center and the districts of Basrah city. 254 forma outof 600 were returned out of which 212 were completed. Incomplete forma were excluded.Result: 106 (50%) participants out of 212misused topical glucocorticoids. As a single product, Betamethasonevalerate and Clobetasol propionate was majorly used by the participants which are potent and ultra-highpotent topical steroid respectively. The major source of topical steroid prescription was relatives.49.8%participants didn’t recognize any side effect of topical glucocorticoids while hypopigmentation was themost side effect identified by the participants (21.8%).Only 35% of the participants,whom topical steroidprescription source by physicians and pharmacists, was educated about the use of topical glucocorticoids.Conclusion: Topical glucocorticoids are commonly abused in Basrah city and probably other cities of Iraq.Looking fair and improving face appearance is a common cultural believe in Iraq that push people to seektopical glucocorticoids from community pharmacies for skin lightening in addition to other unapprovedindications without prescription.
{"title":"Abuse of Topical Glucocorticoids among Patients Visiting Community Pharmacy in Basrah-Iraq","authors":"Alhassan Shaker Abed, Jubran K Hassan","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16775","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Topical glucocorticoids have been the mainstay for the treatment of many skin conditions sincetheir introduction due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative vasoconstrictive and immunosuppressiveproperties.Availability of topical glucocorticoids in different potencies as over the counter medication inIraq encourages their use for non-labeled indications , thus increasing the side effect of such drugs.Objectives: The aim of this study was toevaluate the use, knowledge of the patients and patient educationoftopical glucocorticoids.Methodology: A cross sectional community pharmacy based survey was conducted throughout Basrahcity.Inclusion criteria were costumers visiting the community pharmacies asking for topical corticosteroidswithout prescription, aging 15 years and older and willing to participate in the study.600 questionnaireformafor topical corticosteroids were distributed in the center and the districts of Basrah city. 254 forma outof 600 were returned out of which 212 were completed. Incomplete forma were excluded.Result: 106 (50%) participants out of 212misused topical glucocorticoids. As a single product, Betamethasonevalerate and Clobetasol propionate was majorly used by the participants which are potent and ultra-highpotent topical steroid respectively. The major source of topical steroid prescription was relatives.49.8%participants didn’t recognize any side effect of topical glucocorticoids while hypopigmentation was themost side effect identified by the participants (21.8%).Only 35% of the participants,whom topical steroidprescription source by physicians and pharmacists, was educated about the use of topical glucocorticoids.Conclusion: Topical glucocorticoids are commonly abused in Basrah city and probably other cities of Iraq.Looking fair and improving face appearance is a common cultural believe in Iraq that push people to seektopical glucocorticoids from community pharmacies for skin lightening in addition to other unapprovedindications without prescription.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":"623-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74874400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16650
A. Rohilla, M. Rathee, K. Singh, S. Rathee
Background: The azygos system includes those veins which are straight in course, paravertebral in positionand not accompanied with the corresponding arteries. The azygos vein may arise as lumbar azygos veinfrom the back of inferior vena cava or by the union of right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins. Itenters the thorax, receives lower 8 right posterior intercostal veins, superior intercostal vein, hemiazygosand accessory hemiazygos veins and ends by joining the superior vena cava. The hemiazygos vein is formedon the left in a manner similar to that of azygos vein. The aim of the present study was to investigate thevarious patterns of the azygos venous system.Methods: A total number of 30 cadavers were studied and were evaluated based on the study of Anson BJand Mcvay CB.Conclusion: Out of 30 specimens studied, 17 (56%) specimens showed normal pattern, 5 (16%) specimensshowed caterpillar pattern and rest 8 (26%) specimens showed ladder pattern.Azygos system of veins serve as an alternative drainage channel between superior vena cava and inferiorvena cava in case of obstruction. The knowledge of various patterns could be useful for radiologists andsurgeons to prevent intra-operative hazards.
{"title":"Study of Various Patterns of Azygos Venous System and its Clinical Significance","authors":"A. Rohilla, M. Rathee, K. Singh, S. Rathee","doi":"10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJFMT.V15I4.16650","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The azygos system includes those veins which are straight in course, paravertebral in positionand not accompanied with the corresponding arteries. The azygos vein may arise as lumbar azygos veinfrom the back of inferior vena cava or by the union of right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins. Itenters the thorax, receives lower 8 right posterior intercostal veins, superior intercostal vein, hemiazygosand accessory hemiazygos veins and ends by joining the superior vena cava. The hemiazygos vein is formedon the left in a manner similar to that of azygos vein. The aim of the present study was to investigate thevarious patterns of the azygos venous system.Methods: A total number of 30 cadavers were studied and were evaluated based on the study of Anson BJand Mcvay CB.Conclusion: Out of 30 specimens studied, 17 (56%) specimens showed normal pattern, 5 (16%) specimensshowed caterpillar pattern and rest 8 (26%) specimens showed ladder pattern.Azygos system of veins serve as an alternative drainage channel between superior vena cava and inferiorvena cava in case of obstruction. The knowledge of various patterns could be useful for radiologists andsurgeons to prevent intra-operative hazards.","PeriodicalId":15899,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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