Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009649
J. De la Cova, W. Gilbert, M. Graham, J. Kilgore, I. Kronkvist, R. Flusack, R. Schwienhorst, J. Sielaff, D. Sievers, T. Vidnovic
The radiation levels inside the experiments at the LHC will be very high. To ensure that all the electronics components used in the detectors will survive for the life the experiments, they will all be thoroughly tested for radiation hardness with neutrons and gammas. The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter has a dedicated neutron irradiator at the University of Minnesota to perform neutron irradiation of all electronic components that will be mounted on the detector. The irradiator uses 11.5 mg of /sup 252/Cf for the source, with a neutron flux of /spl ap/ 9.5 /spl times/ 10/sup 13/ neutrons/h. In this paper the design, construction, and operations of the Californium Neutron Irradiator will be described.
{"title":"A /sup 252/Cf neutron irradiator for testing electronic components for the Large Hadron Collider","authors":"J. De la Cova, W. Gilbert, M. Graham, J. Kilgore, I. Kronkvist, R. Flusack, R. Schwienhorst, J. Sielaff, D. Sievers, T. Vidnovic","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009649","url":null,"abstract":"The radiation levels inside the experiments at the LHC will be very high. To ensure that all the electronics components used in the detectors will survive for the life the experiments, they will all be thoroughly tested for radiation hardness with neutrons and gammas. The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter has a dedicated neutron irradiator at the University of Minnesota to perform neutron irradiation of all electronic components that will be mounted on the detector. The irradiator uses 11.5 mg of /sup 252/Cf for the source, with a neutron flux of /spl ap/ 9.5 /spl times/ 10/sup 13/ neutrons/h. In this paper the design, construction, and operations of the Californium Neutron Irradiator will be described.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121570048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009276
P. Luke, J.S. Lee, M. Amman, K. Yu
Noise measurements on CdZnTe detectors show that the main sources of detector-related noise are shot noise due to bulk leakage current and 1/f noise due to the detector surfaces. The magnitude of surface leakage current appears to have little or no effect on the detector noise. Measurements on guard-ring devices fabricated using gold-evaporated contacts show that the contacts behave as Schottky barriers, and the bulk current at typical operating voltages is likely dependent on the contact properties rather than directly on the material's bulk resistivity. This also suggests that the level of shot noise is affected by the detector contacts and not necessarily by the material's bulk resistivity. A significant reduction in the noise of coplanar-grid detectors has been obtained using a modified contact fabrication process.
{"title":"Noise reduction in CdZnTe coplanar-grid detectors","authors":"P. Luke, J.S. Lee, M. Amman, K. Yu","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009276","url":null,"abstract":"Noise measurements on CdZnTe detectors show that the main sources of detector-related noise are shot noise due to bulk leakage current and 1/f noise due to the detector surfaces. The magnitude of surface leakage current appears to have little or no effect on the detector noise. Measurements on guard-ring devices fabricated using gold-evaporated contacts show that the contacts behave as Schottky barriers, and the bulk current at typical operating voltages is likely dependent on the contact properties rather than directly on the material's bulk resistivity. This also suggests that the level of shot noise is affected by the detector contacts and not necessarily by the material's bulk resistivity. A significant reduction in the noise of coplanar-grid detectors has been obtained using a modified contact fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-14DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009728
Stanley A. Erickson
The problem of stopping nuclear smuggling of terrorist nuclear devices is a complex cone, owing to the variety of pathways by which such a device can be transported. To fashion new detection systems that improve the chances of detecting such a device, it is important to know the various requirements and conditions that would be imposed on them by both the types of devices that might be smuggled and by the requirement that it not overly interfere with the transportation of legitimate goods. Requirements vary greatly from low-volume border crossings to high-volume industrial container ports, and the design of systems for them is likely to be quite different. There is also a further need to detect these devices if they are brought into a country via illicit routes, i.e., those which do not pass through customs posts, but travel overland though open space or to a smaller, unguarded airport or seaport. This paper describes some generic uses of detectors, how they need to be integrated into customs or other law enforcement systems, and what the specifications for such detectors might be.
{"title":"Detector requirements to curb nuclear smuggling","authors":"Stanley A. Erickson","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009728","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of stopping nuclear smuggling of terrorist nuclear devices is a complex cone, owing to the variety of pathways by which such a device can be transported. To fashion new detection systems that improve the chances of detecting such a device, it is important to know the various requirements and conditions that would be imposed on them by both the types of devices that might be smuggled and by the requirement that it not overly interfere with the transportation of legitimate goods. Requirements vary greatly from low-volume border crossings to high-volume industrial container ports, and the design of systems for them is likely to be quite different. There is also a further need to detect these devices if they are brought into a country via illicit routes, i.e., those which do not pass through customs posts, but travel overland though open space or to a smaller, unguarded airport or seaport. This paper describes some generic uses of detectors, how they need to be integrated into customs or other law enforcement systems, and what the specifications for such detectors might be.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122413614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009646
This paper discusses the criteria that have been adopted to optimize the signal processing in a shower detector to be employed as LHC beam luminosity monitor. The original aspect of this instrument is its ability to operate on a bunch-by-bunch basis. This means that it must perform accurate charge measurements at a repetition rate of 40 MHz. The detector must withstand an integrated dose of 100 Grad, that is, two to three orders of magnitude beyond those expected in the experiments. To meet the above requirements, an ionization chamber consisting of several gaps of thickness 0.5 mm, filled with a gas that is expected to be radiation resistant, has been designed. Crucial in the development of the system is the signal processing, as the electronics noise may set the dominant limitation to the accuracy of the measurement. This is related to two aspects. One is the short time available for the charge measurement. The second one is the presence of a few meter cable between the detector and the preamplifier, as this must be located out of the region of highest radiation field. Therefore the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio requires that the best configuration of the chamber gaps be determined under the constraint of the presence of a cable of non negligible length between detector and preamplifier. The remote placement of the amplifying electronics will require that the front-end electronics be radiation hard although to a lesser extent than the detector.
{"title":"Optimization of signal extraction and front-end design in a fast, multigap ionization chamber","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009646","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the criteria that have been adopted to optimize the signal processing in a shower detector to be employed as LHC beam luminosity monitor. The original aspect of this instrument is its ability to operate on a bunch-by-bunch basis. This means that it must perform accurate charge measurements at a repetition rate of 40 MHz. The detector must withstand an integrated dose of 100 Grad, that is, two to three orders of magnitude beyond those expected in the experiments. To meet the above requirements, an ionization chamber consisting of several gaps of thickness 0.5 mm, filled with a gas that is expected to be radiation resistant, has been designed. Crucial in the development of the system is the signal processing, as the electronics noise may set the dominant limitation to the accuracy of the measurement. This is related to two aspects. One is the short time available for the charge measurement. The second one is the presence of a few meter cable between the detector and the preamplifier, as this must be located out of the region of highest radiation field. Therefore the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio requires that the best configuration of the chamber gaps be determined under the constraint of the presence of a cable of non negligible length between detector and preamplifier. The remote placement of the amplifying electronics will require that the front-end electronics be radiation hard although to a lesser extent than the detector.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114929111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008416
B. K. Hall, J. Appel, G. Cardoso, D. Christian, J. Hoff, S. Kwan, A. Mekkaoui, R. Yarema, S. Zimmermann
The pixel detector for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab provides digitized data from approximately 22 million silicon pixel channels. Portions of the detector are six millimeters from the beam providing a substantial hit rate and high radiation dose. The pixel detector data will be employed by the lowest level trigger system for track reconstruction every beam crossing. These requirements impose a considerable constraint on the readout scheme. This paper presents a readout technique that provides the bandwidth that is adequate for high hit rates, minimizes the number of radiation hard components, and satisfies all other design constraints.
{"title":"Development of a readout technique for the high data rate BTeV pixel detector at Fermilab","authors":"B. K. Hall, J. Appel, G. Cardoso, D. Christian, J. Hoff, S. Kwan, A. Mekkaoui, R. Yarema, S. Zimmermann","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008416","url":null,"abstract":"The pixel detector for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab provides digitized data from approximately 22 million silicon pixel channels. Portions of the detector are six millimeters from the beam providing a substantial hit rate and high radiation dose. The pixel detector data will be employed by the lowest level trigger system for track reconstruction every beam crossing. These requirements impose a considerable constraint on the readout scheme. This paper presents a readout technique that provides the bandwidth that is adequate for high hit rates, minimizes the number of radiation hard components, and satisfies all other design constraints.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125982169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008568
M. Conti, M. Casey, L. Eriksson, M. Eriksson
A Monte Carlo simulation code has been developed to predict new PET scanners' performances, such as sensitivity and scatter fraction, or obtain physics information such as deposited energy spectra. The code has been tested on a CTI PET prototype based on LSO panel detectors, and its results are in excellent agreement with experimental data: in particular a comparison of Noise Equivalent Count Rate curves is presented. Coupling the accurate physics embedded in Monte Carlo simulation and a scanner modeling allowed us to obtain a reliable tool for PET scanners' design.
{"title":"Benchmarking a Monte Carlo simulation code on a prototype LSO scanner","authors":"M. Conti, M. Casey, L. Eriksson, M. Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008568","url":null,"abstract":"A Monte Carlo simulation code has been developed to predict new PET scanners' performances, such as sensitivity and scatter fraction, or obtain physics information such as deposited energy spectra. The code has been tested on a CTI PET prototype based on LSO panel detectors, and its results are in excellent agreement with experimental data: in particular a comparison of Noise Equivalent Count Rate curves is presented. Coupling the accurate physics embedded in Monte Carlo simulation and a scanner modeling allowed us to obtain a reliable tool for PET scanners' design.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123056389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008529
Ealgoo Kim, Hansang Lim, Taeyeon Lee, Dongbum Choi, Jaehong Park
Time of Flight (TOF) measurement technique of adjacent pulses with sub-nano second interval is presented. In the conventional TOF measurement, the measurement of adjacent pulses is restricted to dead time or recovery time of a single TDC circuit. In the proposed TOF measurement technique, adjacent pulses are distributed to multiple TDCs in the order of arriving sequences in the distribution system. Thus measurement time is not restricted to the dead time or recovery time of a single TDC circuit. In the distribution system, programmable delay circuits are used to optimize the timing of the system so that minimum interval of measurable adjacent pulses is optimized. In this paper, the configuration and modules for measuring adjacent pulses are explained in section I, and various topologies for distribution system are explained in section II. The hardware implementation is considered in section III. And finally the conclusion and future works are presented in section IV.
{"title":"Time of flight (TOF) measurement of adjacent pulses","authors":"Ealgoo Kim, Hansang Lim, Taeyeon Lee, Dongbum Choi, Jaehong Park","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008529","url":null,"abstract":"Time of Flight (TOF) measurement technique of adjacent pulses with sub-nano second interval is presented. In the conventional TOF measurement, the measurement of adjacent pulses is restricted to dead time or recovery time of a single TDC circuit. In the proposed TOF measurement technique, adjacent pulses are distributed to multiple TDCs in the order of arriving sequences in the distribution system. Thus measurement time is not restricted to the dead time or recovery time of a single TDC circuit. In the distribution system, programmable delay circuits are used to optimize the timing of the system so that minimum interval of measurable adjacent pulses is optimized. In this paper, the configuration and modules for measuring adjacent pulses are explained in section I, and various topologies for distribution system are explained in section II. The hardware implementation is considered in section III. And finally the conclusion and future works are presented in section IV.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009754
A. Athanasiades, J. Lacy, Liang Sun
Position sensing in radiation detectors is essential for imaging applications and improved energy resolution. We propose an electrode configuration for cylindrical ionization chambers that accurately senses the radial and azimuthal coordinates of interaction vertices. The cathode of the proposed design is segmented into six longitudinal strip electrodes. Signals read out from each electrode are used in a computational scheme that accurately predicts the location of interacting events inside the detector, as indicated by Monte Carlo simulations. These show that the spatial resolution offered by a 24 mm diameter detector is 1 mm at 140 keV and 0.5 mm at 511 keV (assuming a root-mean-square amplifier noise of 50 electrons). At the same noise and energy levels, full-width-at-half-maximum energy resolution is 7.1% and 2.3%, respectively. These values indicate significant improvement over conventional detectors.
{"title":"Position sensing in a cylindrical ionization detector through use of a segmented cathode","authors":"A. Athanasiades, J. Lacy, Liang Sun","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009754","url":null,"abstract":"Position sensing in radiation detectors is essential for imaging applications and improved energy resolution. We propose an electrode configuration for cylindrical ionization chambers that accurately senses the radial and azimuthal coordinates of interaction vertices. The cathode of the proposed design is segmented into six longitudinal strip electrodes. Signals read out from each electrode are used in a computational scheme that accurately predicts the location of interacting events inside the detector, as indicated by Monte Carlo simulations. These show that the spatial resolution offered by a 24 mm diameter detector is 1 mm at 140 keV and 0.5 mm at 511 keV (assuming a root-mean-square amplifier noise of 50 electrons). At the same noise and energy levels, full-width-at-half-maximum energy resolution is 7.1% and 2.3%, respectively. These values indicate significant improvement over conventional detectors.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115760534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008638
R. Laforest, D. Rowland, M. Welch
The utilization of new positron emitter isotopes for PET imaging raises several questions about their ability to provide images of good quality and to perform accurate quantification. This issue is even more pertinent when using high resolution scanners designed for the imaging of small animals. At Washington University, we are currently producing a whole array of positron emitters, some of them like Ga-66 and Br-76 emit high energy positrons and prompt gamma rays that affect spatial resolution and increase the random coincidence contribution. We have now started to evaluate these isotopes in terms of their ability to perform high quality images. Spatial resolution measurements were evaluated using the Concorde MicroSystem Inc. microPET-R4 camera. Electron transport calculations have been performed and compared to experimental data. They revealed that for this camera, the detector size is still the limiting factor on resolution for isotopes emitting low-energy positrons like F-18 and Cu-64. The transaxial resolution was measured to be around 2 mm for these isotopes. The dominant factor becomes the positron range for other isotopes like Cu-60 and Tc-94m, with a transaxial resolution of 4.2 and 5.0 mm respectively. Due to the long tail of the positron range distribution, a strong contrast reduction is observed. In this paper, experimental data on spatial resolution will be presented for a number of non-conventional PET isotopes and consequences for image quality will be discussed.
利用新的正电子发射器同位素进行PET成像提出了几个问题，关于它们提供高质量图像和进行准确定量的能力。当使用专为小动物成像而设计的高分辨率扫描仪时，这个问题更加相关。在华盛顿大学，我们目前正在生产一系列正电子发射器，其中一些像Ga-66和Br-76发射高能正电子，并提示伽马射线，影响空间分辨率，增加随机巧合的贡献。我们现在已经开始评估这些同位素的高质量成像能力。空间分辨率测量使用Concorde MicroSystem Inc. microPET-R4相机进行评估。进行了电子输运计算，并与实验数据进行了比较。他们发现，对于这台相机来说，探测器的大小仍然是发射低能正电子的同位素(如F-18和Cu-64)分辨率的限制因素。测量这些同位素的跨轴分辨率约为2毫米。Cu-60和Tc-94m等其他同位素的正电子范围成为主导因素，其跨轴分辨率分别为4.2和5.0 mm。由于正电子范围分布的长尾，观察到强烈的对比度降低。在本文中，将介绍一些非常规PET同位素的空间分辨率实验数据，并讨论其对图像质量的影响。
{"title":"MicroPET imaging with non-conventional isotopes","authors":"R. Laforest, D. Rowland, M. Welch","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1008638","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of new positron emitter isotopes for PET imaging raises several questions about their ability to provide images of good quality and to perform accurate quantification. This issue is even more pertinent when using high resolution scanners designed for the imaging of small animals. At Washington University, we are currently producing a whole array of positron emitters, some of them like Ga-66 and Br-76 emit high energy positrons and prompt gamma rays that affect spatial resolution and increase the random coincidence contribution. We have now started to evaluate these isotopes in terms of their ability to perform high quality images. Spatial resolution measurements were evaluated using the Concorde MicroSystem Inc. microPET-R4 camera. Electron transport calculations have been performed and compared to experimental data. They revealed that for this camera, the detector size is still the limiting factor on resolution for isotopes emitting low-energy positrons like F-18 and Cu-64. The transaxial resolution was measured to be around 2 mm for these isotopes. The dominant factor becomes the positron range for other isotopes like Cu-60 and Tc-94m, with a transaxial resolution of 4.2 and 5.0 mm respectively. Due to the long tail of the positron range distribution, a strong contrast reduction is observed. In this paper, experimental data on spatial resolution will be presented for a number of non-conventional PET isotopes and consequences for image quality will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117175633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-04DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009308
J. C. Cooper, D. Koltick
Timing and energy resolution verses count rate studies were performed using a 50% relative efficiency, cylindrical, co-axial High Purity Germanium Detector (HPGe). In the search for chemical agents, explosives or illicit drugs using neutrons as a probe, it can be beneficial to trade off some of the excellent HPGe energy resolution for better timing resolution on the gamma ray signal. We have measured timing resolutions (sigma) of better than 2.5 ns for rates up to 125 kHz with measured energy resolutions (FWHM) of 6 KeV at a gamma ray energy of 1.17 MeV.
{"title":"Optimization of time and energy resolution at high count rates with a large volume coaxial high purity germanium detector","authors":"J. C. Cooper, D. Koltick","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009308","url":null,"abstract":"Timing and energy resolution verses count rate studies were performed using a 50% relative efficiency, cylindrical, co-axial High Purity Germanium Detector (HPGe). In the search for chemical agents, explosives or illicit drugs using neutrons as a probe, it can be beneficial to trade off some of the excellent HPGe energy resolution for better timing resolution on the gamma ray signal. We have measured timing resolutions (sigma) of better than 2.5 ns for rates up to 125 kHz with measured energy resolutions (FWHM) of 6 KeV at a gamma ray energy of 1.17 MeV.","PeriodicalId":159123,"journal":{"name":"2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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