Diyor Fayziev, P. Merzlyak, S. Rustamova, O. Khamidova, R. Kurbannazarova, R. Sabirov
Introduction: The first and most prevailing cells that glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) encounter are red blood cells (RBCs). However, what follows this event is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GL and its derivatives on the integrity of human RBCs. Methods: The integrity of human RBC was assessed under normal isotonic conditions and following osmotic and nystatin-induced colloid-osmotic stress by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released. The pore size was determined by the osmotic protection method. Results: GL was found to be virtually non-hemolytic. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety of GL imparted significant RBC lytic activity to the cis-(beta-) but not to the trans-(alpha-) isoform of GA. The hemisuccinate radical at position C3 (carbenoxolone) greatly diminished the hemolytic property of GA. The RBC lysis occurred by colloid-osmotic mechanism due to the formation of hydrophilic pores with the radius of ~2.3 nm. At the sublytic doses, the two stereo-isoforms displayed opposite effects on the osmo-resistivity of human RBC: osmoprotection for alpha-GA and osmotic sensibilization for beta-GA. Similar osmotic sensibilization was also observed for GL and carbenoxolone. The two stereo-isoforms exhibited different but not opposite weakening effects on the resistivity of the RBC to the colloid-osmotic stress induced by nystatin, a pore-former. The weakening effect was found intermediate for GL and absent for carbenoxolone. Conclusion: Upon intestinal digestion and absorption, depending on the structure and dosage, the GL hydrolysis products interact with RBC with both beneficial and detrimental consequences.
{"title":"Effect of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives on integrity of human red blood cells","authors":"Diyor Fayziev, P. Merzlyak, S. Rustamova, O. Khamidova, R. Kurbannazarova, R. Sabirov","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.63","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The first and most prevailing cells that glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) encounter are red blood cells (RBCs). However, what follows this event is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GL and its derivatives on the integrity of human RBCs. Methods: The integrity of human RBC was assessed under normal isotonic conditions and following osmotic and nystatin-induced colloid-osmotic stress by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released. The pore size was determined by the osmotic protection method. Results: GL was found to be virtually non-hemolytic. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety of GL imparted significant RBC lytic activity to the cis-(beta-) but not to the trans-(alpha-) isoform of GA. The hemisuccinate radical at position C3 (carbenoxolone) greatly diminished the hemolytic property of GA. The RBC lysis occurred by colloid-osmotic mechanism due to the formation of hydrophilic pores with the radius of ~2.3 nm. At the sublytic doses, the two stereo-isoforms displayed opposite effects on the osmo-resistivity of human RBC: osmoprotection for alpha-GA and osmotic sensibilization for beta-GA. Similar osmotic sensibilization was also observed for GL and carbenoxolone. The two stereo-isoforms exhibited different but not opposite weakening effects on the resistivity of the RBC to the colloid-osmotic stress induced by nystatin, a pore-former. The weakening effect was found intermediate for GL and absent for carbenoxolone. Conclusion: Upon intestinal digestion and absorption, depending on the structure and dosage, the GL hydrolysis products interact with RBC with both beneficial and detrimental consequences.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species in severe malarial infection is due to parasite invasion to erythrocytes. Malaria resistance to medication has left malaria-endemic countries with no alternate source of medications but traditional medicine. One of such plants utilized by traditional healers is Phyllanthus amarus. Therefore, this study aims at ascertaining the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of P. amarus and its specific actions on retaining erythrocyte viability and antioxidant activity. Methods: Antiplasmodial and erythrocyte viability activities were determined in vitro via parasite suppression and tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring extract’s ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide ions, reduce iron(III) ions, and chelate iron in vitro using documented methods. Results: Alkaloid extracts of P. amarus showed great antiplasmodial activity (IC50=0.52μg/mL) and low cytotoxic activity (CC50=54.95 μg/mL). Erythrocyte viability assay showed the minimal impact of the extract on the uninfected erythrocytes but improved viability of the infected RBC in a dose dependent manner, and antioxidant activity manifested mainly in its iron chelating activity (EC50=0.34 μg/mL). Conclusion: This study suggests that the alkaloid extract of P. amarus has significant antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. These activities promoted the repair of parasite-induced free radical damage to the erythrocyte membrane but distorted the parasites redox balance and defense mechanism, and hence survival rate as indicated by the parasite suppression associated with alkaloid extract treatment of malarial infection.
{"title":"Evaluation of erythrocyte viability, antioxidant capacity and antiplasmodial activity induced by alkaloid extract of Phyllanthus amarus","authors":"U. Uzuegbu, I. Onyesom, A. O. Opajobi, C. Elu","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.64","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species in severe malarial infection is due to parasite invasion to erythrocytes. Malaria resistance to medication has left malaria-endemic countries with no alternate source of medications but traditional medicine. One of such plants utilized by traditional healers is Phyllanthus amarus. Therefore, this study aims at ascertaining the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of P. amarus and its specific actions on retaining erythrocyte viability and antioxidant activity. Methods: Antiplasmodial and erythrocyte viability activities were determined in vitro via parasite suppression and tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring extract’s ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide ions, reduce iron(III) ions, and chelate iron in vitro using documented methods. Results: Alkaloid extracts of P. amarus showed great antiplasmodial activity (IC50=0.52μg/mL) and low cytotoxic activity (CC50=54.95 μg/mL). Erythrocyte viability assay showed the minimal impact of the extract on the uninfected erythrocytes but improved viability of the infected RBC in a dose dependent manner, and antioxidant activity manifested mainly in its iron chelating activity (EC50=0.34 μg/mL). Conclusion: This study suggests that the alkaloid extract of P. amarus has significant antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. These activities promoted the repair of parasite-induced free radical damage to the erythrocyte membrane but distorted the parasites redox balance and defense mechanism, and hence survival rate as indicated by the parasite suppression associated with alkaloid extract treatment of malarial infection.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ezeigwe, Chidinma Felicia Ezennaya, E. L. Iloanya, Chioma Henrietta Obi, N. Ifedilichukwu, C. Okeke
Introduction: Anemia is a common health condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells. Some medicinal plants are used as a remedy to treat anemia. This study compares the anti-anemic properties of different doses of the aqueous extracts of Ficus capensis (AEFC) and its combination with the aqueous extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (AECA) in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. Methods: Anemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine for five consecutive days. Graded doses of the extracts were given by oral gavage once a day continuously for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, blood was collected for hematological analysis. Results: The antianemic effects of AEFC and its combination with AECA were demonstrated by significant increases (P < 0.05) in the hemoglobin (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count of the extract-treated groups compared to the anemic control group. There was a better increase in the HGB levels of a combination of 400 mg/kg AEFC + AECA (13.97 ± 2.53) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (12.06 ± 0.02). The PCV increased more in 400 mg/kg combination of AEFC + AECA (41.94 ± 0.37) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (36.31 ± 1.51). A significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in the RBC count of a combination of 400 mg/kg AEFC + AECA (6.36±0.51) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (4.75 ± 0.46). Conclusion: Although AEFC improved the haematological parameters of the animals when administered alone, its combination with AECA yielded a far much better result by totally restoring the haematological parameters of the phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats to normal.
{"title":"Antianaemic property of Ficus capensis leaves and its combination with Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats","authors":"O. Ezeigwe, Chidinma Felicia Ezennaya, E. L. Iloanya, Chioma Henrietta Obi, N. Ifedilichukwu, C. Okeke","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.58","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia is a common health condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells. Some medicinal plants are used as a remedy to treat anemia. This study compares the anti-anemic properties of different doses of the aqueous extracts of Ficus capensis (AEFC) and its combination with the aqueous extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (AECA) in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. Methods: Anemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine for five consecutive days. Graded doses of the extracts were given by oral gavage once a day continuously for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, blood was collected for hematological analysis. Results: The antianemic effects of AEFC and its combination with AECA were demonstrated by significant increases (P < 0.05) in the hemoglobin (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count of the extract-treated groups compared to the anemic control group. There was a better increase in the HGB levels of a combination of 400 mg/kg AEFC + AECA (13.97 ± 2.53) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (12.06 ± 0.02). The PCV increased more in 400 mg/kg combination of AEFC + AECA (41.94 ± 0.37) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (36.31 ± 1.51). A significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in the RBC count of a combination of 400 mg/kg AEFC + AECA (6.36±0.51) compared to 400 mg/kg AEFC (4.75 ± 0.46). Conclusion: Although AEFC improved the haematological parameters of the animals when administered alone, its combination with AECA yielded a far much better result by totally restoring the haematological parameters of the phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats to normal.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: α-Glucosidase is the major enzyme implicated in intestinal glucose absorption, and its inhibition is a target for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts from different parts of 20 selected medicinal plants and the potential for plant-part substitution and plant species combinations used by traditional healers to treat diabetes. Methods: Acetone and petroleum ether extracts from different parts of 20 plant species traditionally used to treat diabetes were individually evaluated in vitro using an α-glucosidase assay. The potential for plant-part substitution was investigated by including leaf extracts where non-renewable parts are used traditionally. The extracts of plant species were combined and investigated as used traditionally. Results: Anthocleista grandiflora stem bark acetone, Artabotrys brachypetalus leaf petroleum ether, and Dichrostachys cinerea root petroleum ether extracts exhibited remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 9, 14, and 12 μg/mL, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of A. grandiflora, A. brachypetalus, Asparagus virgatus, Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Maerua edulis, Pterocarpus angolensis, and Tabernaemontana elegans were documented for the first time, suggesting their antidiabetic potential. The leaf acetone extracts of Brackenridgea zanguebarica and Terminalia sericea had similar α-glucosidase inhibitory activities when compared to their stem bark and root, respectively. The combination of Dichrostachys cinerea leaf with Elephantorrhiza elephantina root, extracted with petroleum ether, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The valorization of these newly documented species holds potential for the discovery of more effective and perhaps novel antidiabetic remedies or drug principles.
{"title":"In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of medicinal plants used traditionally for treating diabetes in Vhembe District, South Africa","authors":"S. Amoo, Tshenzhemo E Mudau, J. Olowoyo","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.59","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: α-Glucosidase is the major enzyme implicated in intestinal glucose absorption, and its inhibition is a target for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts from different parts of 20 selected medicinal plants and the potential for plant-part substitution and plant species combinations used by traditional healers to treat diabetes. Methods: Acetone and petroleum ether extracts from different parts of 20 plant species traditionally used to treat diabetes were individually evaluated in vitro using an α-glucosidase assay. The potential for plant-part substitution was investigated by including leaf extracts where non-renewable parts are used traditionally. The extracts of plant species were combined and investigated as used traditionally. Results: Anthocleista grandiflora stem bark acetone, Artabotrys brachypetalus leaf petroleum ether, and Dichrostachys cinerea root petroleum ether extracts exhibited remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 9, 14, and 12 μg/mL, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of A. grandiflora, A. brachypetalus, Asparagus virgatus, Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Maerua edulis, Pterocarpus angolensis, and Tabernaemontana elegans were documented for the first time, suggesting their antidiabetic potential. The leaf acetone extracts of Brackenridgea zanguebarica and Terminalia sericea had similar α-glucosidase inhibitory activities when compared to their stem bark and root, respectively. The combination of Dichrostachys cinerea leaf with Elephantorrhiza elephantina root, extracted with petroleum ether, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The valorization of these newly documented species holds potential for the discovery of more effective and perhaps novel antidiabetic remedies or drug principles.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43715862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as current and critical liver disease and liver fibrosis is an initial step to vast NASH injuries. Allantoin is an important and sure composite, which has remark effects on inflammation and apoptosis. This study was done to evaluate the allantoin duty on liver fibrosis and its pathways in mice-induced NASH. Methods: In the control groups, inbred mice took saline and allantoin. In the NASH group, NASH was provided with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for eight weeks, and finally, in the NASH-Alla group, allantoin was injected for four weeks in the mice with an MCD diet. For collagen deposition evaluation, trichrome Masson staining and for cellular evaluations, real-time PCR and ELISA assays were performed. Results: Allantoin treatment improved liver steatosis and fibrosis. Protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB-p65) (P < 0.05) and genes expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) (P < 0.001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (P < 0.001) were also decreased. Moreover, hepatic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels lowered after allantoin treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Attenuating effects of allantoin on liver fibrosis may be due to the inhibition of NFĸB/TGFβ, NFĸB/MMP9, and NFĸB/Cox2/PGE2 pathways, which decrease αSMA expression and collagen deposition and ameliorate liver fibrosis.
{"title":"Allantoin ameliorated liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: role of nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 pathway","authors":"Tahereh Komeili-Movahhed, A. Moslehi","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.57","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as current and critical liver disease and liver fibrosis is an initial step to vast NASH injuries. Allantoin is an important and sure composite, which has remark effects on inflammation and apoptosis. This study was done to evaluate the allantoin duty on liver fibrosis and its pathways in mice-induced NASH. Methods: In the control groups, inbred mice took saline and allantoin. In the NASH group, NASH was provided with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for eight weeks, and finally, in the NASH-Alla group, allantoin was injected for four weeks in the mice with an MCD diet. For collagen deposition evaluation, trichrome Masson staining and for cellular evaluations, real-time PCR and ELISA assays were performed. Results: Allantoin treatment improved liver steatosis and fibrosis. Protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB-p65) (P < 0.05) and genes expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) (P < 0.001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (P < 0.001) were also decreased. Moreover, hepatic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels lowered after allantoin treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Attenuating effects of allantoin on liver fibrosis may be due to the inhibition of NFĸB/TGFβ, NFĸB/MMP9, and NFĸB/Cox2/PGE2 pathways, which decrease αSMA expression and collagen deposition and ameliorate liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45211974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adegbola, S. I. Igbinoba, S. T. Abdullahi, J. Soyinka, C. Onyeji
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitutes a source of great concern to health authorities worldwide. Herbal medicinal products are used as a significant treatment option for highly active antiretroviral therapies, the efficacies of which are negatively impacted by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to the recommended treatment guidelines. This review provides an updated synopsis of available documents on herbal medicinal products with anti-HIV activities. Concurrent consumption of herbal products with conventional drugs, which is often necessitated by co-morbidity of HIV with other diseases, can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of the co-administered orthodox drugs. Phytochemical constituents of the herbal medicinal products with antiretroviral activities were identified, and their potential to mediate pharmacokinetic changes through modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and P-glycoprotein was reported. Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) that can result in significant adverse effects were also discussed with documenting the information for the therapeutic utility of these clinically effective antiretroviral herbal medicinal products with potential for development into newer anti-HIV drugs.
{"title":"Appraisal of antiretroviral herbal medicines with proven efficacy: modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and permeability glycoprotein activities","authors":"A. Adegbola, S. I. Igbinoba, S. T. Abdullahi, J. Soyinka, C. Onyeji","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.53","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitutes a source of great concern to health authorities worldwide. Herbal medicinal products are used as a significant treatment option for highly active antiretroviral therapies, the efficacies of which are negatively impacted by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to the recommended treatment guidelines. This review provides an updated synopsis of available documents on herbal medicinal products with anti-HIV activities. Concurrent consumption of herbal products with conventional drugs, which is often necessitated by co-morbidity of HIV with other diseases, can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of the co-administered orthodox drugs. Phytochemical constituents of the herbal medicinal products with antiretroviral activities were identified, and their potential to mediate pharmacokinetic changes through modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and P-glycoprotein was reported. Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) that can result in significant adverse effects were also discussed with documenting the information for the therapeutic utility of these clinically effective antiretroviral herbal medicinal products with potential for development into newer anti-HIV drugs.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ibe, G. Akuodor, Micheal O. Elom, E. Chukwurah, Chigozie Ewa Ibe, A. Nworie
Introduction: Ficus capensis has been used in traditional medicine to treat anaemia, tuberculosis, convulsion, pains, wounds, respiratory disorders, and other health challenges. This study investigated the effect of F. capensis ethanolic leaf extract in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia in Wistar rats. Methods: Induction of anaemia was done by intraperitoneal administration of PHZ (40 mg/kg for 48 hours). A normal group and an anaemic group were treated daily with a single dose of 20 mL/kg of distilled water and considered as control and anaemic (non-treated) groups. Then, the remaining groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of F. capensis leaves for 21 days, respectively. Blood samples from the rats were run in three batches of baseline, post anaemia induction, and post-treatment. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity tests of the extract were also carried out following standard procedures. Results: The results showed a consistent significant increase in haematological parameters among various experimental groups. Haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values of treated rats were significantly increased compared to the anaemic control. The secondary metabolites of leaf extract were alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, and reducing sugar, while the acute toxicity test was found to be non-toxic at 5000 mg/kg in rats. Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of F. capensis might provide an alternative cure for anaemia and boosts blood count.
{"title":"Protective effects of an ethanolic leaf extract from Ficus capensis against Phenylhydrazine induced anaemia in Wistar rats","authors":"O. Ibe, G. Akuodor, Micheal O. Elom, E. Chukwurah, Chigozie Ewa Ibe, A. Nworie","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.55","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ficus capensis has been used in traditional medicine to treat anaemia, tuberculosis, convulsion, pains, wounds, respiratory disorders, and other health challenges. This study investigated the effect of F. capensis ethanolic leaf extract in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia in Wistar rats. Methods: Induction of anaemia was done by intraperitoneal administration of PHZ (40 mg/kg for 48 hours). A normal group and an anaemic group were treated daily with a single dose of 20 mL/kg of distilled water and considered as control and anaemic (non-treated) groups. Then, the remaining groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of F. capensis leaves for 21 days, respectively. Blood samples from the rats were run in three batches of baseline, post anaemia induction, and post-treatment. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity tests of the extract were also carried out following standard procedures. Results: The results showed a consistent significant increase in haematological parameters among various experimental groups. Haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values of treated rats were significantly increased compared to the anaemic control. The secondary metabolites of leaf extract were alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, and reducing sugar, while the acute toxicity test was found to be non-toxic at 5000 mg/kg in rats. Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of F. capensis might provide an alternative cure for anaemia and boosts blood count.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49454571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiraphol Phimarn, P. Paktipat, Chatmanee Taengthonglang, Kritsanee Saramunee, Bunleu Sungthong
Triphala is a medicinal plant that can improve anthropometric parameters. Although Triphala is widely used, especially in India and Thailand, its efficacy is still controversial. Consequently, the purpose of this meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis was to assess the safety of Triphala and its effects on anthropometric parameters. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety of Triphala and its effects on anthropometric parameters were conducted by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ThaiLIS databases. Two authors independently conducted the study selection and data extraction and evaluated the quality of the studies. The clinical therapeutic effects and adverse events of Triphala were evaluated and aggregated using a random-effects model. The chi-square and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Seven trials with a total of 458 patients were included. The Triphala-treated groups demonstrated a considerable decrease in body weight (BW) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −2.99 kg; 95% CI: −5.31, −0.67; P = 0.012; I2 = 94.4%), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: −0.79 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.52, −0.07; P = 0.032; I2 = 90.4%), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.86 cm; 95% CI: −3.10, −0.62; P = 0.003; I2 = 88.8%). During the treatment period, there were no reports of serious adverse events related to Triphala. However, there was no association between the dose or duration of treatment and any of the recorded outcomes. This meta-analysis revealed that Triphala significantly improved BW, BMI, and WC. Nevertheless, substantial, well-designed randomized controlled studies are necessary to confirm this finding.
Triphala是一种可以改善人体测量参数的药用植物。尽管Triphala被广泛使用，特别是在印度和泰国，但其疗效仍然存在争议。因此，本荟萃分析和元回归分析的目的是评估Triphala的安全性及其对人体测量参数的影响。通过检索PubMed、ScienceDirect、Web of Science和ThaiLIS数据库，对评估Triphala的安全性及其对人体测量参数的影响的随机对照试验进行了全面回顾和荟萃分析。两位作者独立进行了研究选择和数据提取，并评估了研究的质量。使用随机效应模型评估和汇总Triphala的临床治疗效果和不良事件。卡方检验和I2检验用于评估研究之间的异质性。包括7项试验，共458名患者。Triphala治疗组的体重（BW）（加权平均差[MWMD]：−2.99 kg；95%可信区间：−5.31，−0.67；P=0.012；I2=94.4%）、体重指数（BMI）（WMD:−0.79 kg/m2；95%置信区间：−1.52，−0.07；P=0.032；I2=99.4%）和腰围（WC）（WMD:−1.86 cm；95%可信范围：−3.10，−0.62；P=0.003；I2=88.8%）显著下降。在治疗期间，没有与Triphala相关的严重不良事件的报告。然而，治疗的剂量或持续时间与任何记录的结果之间没有关联。该荟萃分析显示，Triphala显著改善了体重、BMI和WC。然而，有必要进行大量精心设计的随机对照研究来证实这一发现。
{"title":"A meta-analysis and meta-regression study of the effects of Triphala on anthropometric parameters","authors":"Wiraphol Phimarn, P. Paktipat, Chatmanee Taengthonglang, Kritsanee Saramunee, Bunleu Sungthong","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.54","url":null,"abstract":"Triphala is a medicinal plant that can improve anthropometric parameters. Although Triphala is widely used, especially in India and Thailand, its efficacy is still controversial. Consequently, the purpose of this meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis was to assess the safety of Triphala and its effects on anthropometric parameters. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety of Triphala and its effects on anthropometric parameters were conducted by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ThaiLIS databases. Two authors independently conducted the study selection and data extraction and evaluated the quality of the studies. The clinical therapeutic effects and adverse events of Triphala were evaluated and aggregated using a random-effects model. The chi-square and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Seven trials with a total of 458 patients were included. The Triphala-treated groups demonstrated a considerable decrease in body weight (BW) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −2.99 kg; 95% CI: −5.31, −0.67; P = 0.012; I2 = 94.4%), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: −0.79 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.52, −0.07; P = 0.032; I2 = 90.4%), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.86 cm; 95% CI: −3.10, −0.62; P = 0.003; I2 = 88.8%). During the treatment period, there were no reports of serious adverse events related to Triphala. However, there was no association between the dose or duration of treatment and any of the recorded outcomes. This meta-analysis revealed that Triphala significantly improved BW, BMI, and WC. Nevertheless, substantial, well-designed randomized controlled studies are necessary to confirm this finding.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47131464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., belonging to the Malvaceae family, has been long used as herbal medicine, food, beverage, flavouring, and colouring agents. This study aims to review and document the evidence regarding the potential use of H. sabdariffa as ethnomedicine in some countries and its bioactive constituents and therapeutic properties. The electronic databases were used to search for the relevant information to the aims of this review up to March 2022. The high usage of H. sabdariffa as traditional medicine is due to its easy accessibility and low price. The plant is often used to treat intestinal problems, stomach disorders, and blood or liver toxicities. The plant contains phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies provide evidence that H. sabdariffa possesses therapeutic effects such as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidants, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. The studies provided scientific evidence for the statement of H. sabdariffa and its bioactive constituents in treating various diseases.
{"title":"Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, and bioactivities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae)","authors":"Narisya Idayu Mohd Suhaili, N. Manshoor","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.52","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus sabdariffa L., belonging to the Malvaceae family, has been long used as herbal medicine, food, beverage, flavouring, and colouring agents. This study aims to review and document the evidence regarding the potential use of H. sabdariffa as ethnomedicine in some countries and its bioactive constituents and therapeutic properties. The electronic databases were used to search for the relevant information to the aims of this review up to March 2022. The high usage of H. sabdariffa as traditional medicine is due to its easy accessibility and low price. The plant is often used to treat intestinal problems, stomach disorders, and blood or liver toxicities. The plant contains phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies provide evidence that H. sabdariffa possesses therapeutic effects such as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidants, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. The studies provided scientific evidence for the statement of H. sabdariffa and its bioactive constituents in treating various diseases.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46346334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cédric Sima Obiang, T. Ndong Mba, Rick-Léonid Ngoua Meye Misso, Juliette Ornely Orango Bourdette, Guy Roger Ndong Atome, J. Ondo, Louis-Clément Obame Engonga
Introduction: Aucoumea klaineana, Canarium schweinfurthii, Cymbopogon nardus, Dacryodes edulis, and Eucalyptus citriodora are of Gabonese origin, believed to have insecticidal activity. This study contributes to vector control by the insecticidal activities (larvicidal and ovicidal) of five essential oils from these plants against Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria in Gabon. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Larvicidal and ovicidal effects of essential oils were performed using different concentrations on third and fourth instar larvae and eggs of A. gambiae vectors. The effects of these oils were examined on the mortality rate of larvae and eggs. Results: The essential oils of A. klaineana, C. schweinfurthii, C. nardus, A. edulis, and E. citriodora showed greater activity against mosquito larvae (7.33 < LC50 < 107.14) compared to eggs (22.80 < LC50 < 64.63). D. edulis showed the highest activity against Anopheles gambiae eggs and larvae. Of all plants, essential oils from A. klaineana showed the lowest activity of A. gambiae eggs and larvae. Larvae were more sensitive than eggs. All essential oils were toxic to the various aquatic vectors of malaria. Conclusion: The study reveals the potential ovicidal efficacy and larvicidal activity of these plants against A. gambiae.
{"title":"Contribution to vector control by essential oils of Aucoumea klaineana, Canarium schweinfurthii, Cymbopogon nardus, Dacryodes edulis and Eucalyptus citriodora from Gabon","authors":"Cédric Sima Obiang, T. Ndong Mba, Rick-Léonid Ngoua Meye Misso, Juliette Ornely Orango Bourdette, Guy Roger Ndong Atome, J. Ondo, Louis-Clément Obame Engonga","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.56","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aucoumea klaineana, Canarium schweinfurthii, Cymbopogon nardus, Dacryodes edulis, and Eucalyptus citriodora are of Gabonese origin, believed to have insecticidal activity. This study contributes to vector control by the insecticidal activities (larvicidal and ovicidal) of five essential oils from these plants against Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria in Gabon. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Larvicidal and ovicidal effects of essential oils were performed using different concentrations on third and fourth instar larvae and eggs of A. gambiae vectors. The effects of these oils were examined on the mortality rate of larvae and eggs. Results: The essential oils of A. klaineana, C. schweinfurthii, C. nardus, A. edulis, and E. citriodora showed greater activity against mosquito larvae (7.33 < LC50 < 107.14) compared to eggs (22.80 < LC50 < 64.63). D. edulis showed the highest activity against Anopheles gambiae eggs and larvae. Of all plants, essential oils from A. klaineana showed the lowest activity of A. gambiae eggs and larvae. Larvae were more sensitive than eggs. All essential oils were toxic to the various aquatic vectors of malaria. Conclusion: The study reveals the potential ovicidal efficacy and larvicidal activity of these plants against A. gambiae.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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