Hoda Sadeghi, Nader Sadeghi, Yosra Raziani, Katta Annaiah Sridhar, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, Mohammad Nabi Moradi
Introduction: Recent studies have reported that Astragalus spp. can display various biological effects, e.g., anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Here we decided to assess the ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract (AMME) on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The dried aerial parts were extracted by maceration technique with 70% methanol. Diabetes was induced in rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg. Diabetic rats orally received AMME at 75-30 mg/kg for 28 days. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, bilirubin, creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as the tissue levels of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by the diagnostic kits. The level of α-amylase inhibition by AMME was also determined. Results: AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced (P<0.001) the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, Cr, Ur, liver enzymes, and oxidative enzymes in diabetic rats. The tissue levels of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats treated with AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) were significantly increased (P<0.01). Treatment of diabetic rats with either 150 or 300 mg/kg AMME for 28 days significantly reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the pancreas. AMME inhibited α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 18.1 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that the oral administration of AMME in diabetic rats displayed a potent anti-diabetic activity through increasing insulin release and ameliorating effects on inflammation and oxidative stress; however, more investigations are desired to determine the action mechanism of the extract.
{"title":"Ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Hoda Sadeghi, Nader Sadeghi, Yosra Raziani, Katta Annaiah Sridhar, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, Mohammad Nabi Moradi","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.45","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent studies have reported that Astragalus spp. can display various biological effects, e.g., anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Here we decided to assess the ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract (AMME) on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The dried aerial parts were extracted by maceration technique with 70% methanol. Diabetes was induced in rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg. Diabetic rats orally received AMME at 75-30 mg/kg for 28 days. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, bilirubin, creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as the tissue levels of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by the diagnostic kits. The level of α-amylase inhibition by AMME was also determined. Results: AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced (P<0.001) the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, Cr, Ur, liver enzymes, and oxidative enzymes in diabetic rats. The tissue levels of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats treated with AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) were significantly increased (P<0.01). Treatment of diabetic rats with either 150 or 300 mg/kg AMME for 28 days significantly reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the pancreas. AMME inhibited α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 18.1 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that the oral administration of AMME in diabetic rats displayed a potent anti-diabetic activity through increasing insulin release and ameliorating effects on inflammation and oxidative stress; however, more investigations are desired to determine the action mechanism of the extract.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"67 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. D. Sandhiutami, Fahleni Fahleni, Nur Miftahurrohmah, Ni Kadek Ari Widhiyasari, Afifah Azalia, Indah Amalia
Introduction: Areca catechu L. seeds contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids that have antibacterial properties, can prevent skin infections, and have been used empirically for wound healing. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and effectiveness of A. catechu ointment in wound healing at grade IIA burns in rats. Methods: A. catechu seed extract was formulated into an ointment and then tested for its antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. Wound healing testing was conducted by dividing the rats into four groups: negative control, positive control, Formula I (F 1) ointment, and Formula II (F II) ointment. Grade IIA burns were made on the back skin of rats and treatment was performed for 14 days. The wound tissue was taken for histopathological observations. Results: In this study, F II ointment had better antibacterial activity than F I, as indicated by a wider diameter of inhibition against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The scab formed on F II was faster on day 3, the wound diameter was reduced on day 7, and there was a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and coagulative necrosis and an increase in neovascularization and collagen formation on the 7th day (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control and F I. Conclusion: A. catechu seed extract ointment with a concentration of 5.0% (F II) had a better effect on wound healing regarding the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity than that with a concentration of 2.5% (F I).
导言：A. catechu L. 种子含有黄酮类、单宁酸、皂苷和生物碱，具有抗菌特性，可预防皮肤感染，已被经验性地用于伤口愈合。本研究旨在确定 A. catechu 软膏在 IIA 级烧伤大鼠伤口愈合中的抗菌活性和有效性。研究方法将 A. catechu 种子提取物配制成软膏，然后使用琼脂扩散法测试其抗菌活性。伤口愈合测试将大鼠分为四组：阴性对照组、阳性对照组、配方 I（F 1）软膏组和配方 II（F II）软膏组。在大鼠背部皮肤上进行 IIA 级烧伤，治疗 14 天。取伤口组织进行组织病理学观察。结果：在这项研究中，FⅡ软膏的抗菌活性优于 FⅠ，这表现在它对铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、化脓性链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制直径更宽。与阴性对照和 F I 相比，F II 在第 3 天结痂更快，第 7 天伤口直径减小，第 7 天炎症细胞浸润和凝固性坏死减少，新生血管和胶原形成增加（P < 0.05）：就抗菌和抗炎活性而言，浓度为 5.0% 的儿茶酸种子提取物软膏（F II）比浓度为 2.5% 的软膏（F I）对伤口愈合有更好的效果。
{"title":"Enhanced wound healing effect of Areca catechu L. ointment via antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory process at grade IIA burns in rats","authors":"N. M. D. Sandhiutami, Fahleni Fahleni, Nur Miftahurrohmah, Ni Kadek Ari Widhiyasari, Afifah Azalia, Indah Amalia","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Areca catechu L. seeds contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids that have antibacterial properties, can prevent skin infections, and have been used empirically for wound healing. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and effectiveness of A. catechu ointment in wound healing at grade IIA burns in rats. Methods: A. catechu seed extract was formulated into an ointment and then tested for its antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. Wound healing testing was conducted by dividing the rats into four groups: negative control, positive control, Formula I (F 1) ointment, and Formula II (F II) ointment. Grade IIA burns were made on the back skin of rats and treatment was performed for 14 days. The wound tissue was taken for histopathological observations. Results: In this study, F II ointment had better antibacterial activity than F I, as indicated by a wider diameter of inhibition against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The scab formed on F II was faster on day 3, the wound diameter was reduced on day 7, and there was a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and coagulative necrosis and an increase in neovascularization and collagen formation on the 7th day (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control and F I. Conclusion: A. catechu seed extract ointment with a concentration of 5.0% (F II) had a better effect on wound healing regarding the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity than that with a concentration of 2.5% (F I).","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Bay (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf may be used as an extrinsic stain-removing agent in toothpaste. This study assesses the formula of bay leaf essential oil toothpaste in terms of physicochemical and extrinsic stain removal properties. Methods: Using a gel composition with varying quantities of bay leaf essential oil (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% v/v), tubes of toothpaste were formulated. Commercial stain-removal toothpaste was used as a positive control. Five toothpastes were evaluated based on their organoleptic properties, pH, moisture content, foaming ability, abrasiveness, spreadability, gritty matter, and homogeneity. Extrinsic stain removal evaluation was carried out using 20 bovine teeth that were split into five groups of toothpaste (n=4). The specimens were tea-stained and submitted to simulated brushing. The colour difference (ΔE) was analysed to evaluate extrinsic stain removal using the parameter of CIE-Lab (Commision Internacional de l’Eclairage L*a*b). Using a chromameter, the L*a*b value of the teeth before and after brushing was used to measure the ΔE value. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. Results: All tubes of toothpaste tested met acceptable physicochemical parameter standards. The bay leaf essential oil toothpaste with 0.25% and 0.5% v/v concentrations, as well as commercial toothpaste, produced better ΔE values than the 0% v/v group. There were no statistically significant differences between bay leaf essential oil at 0.5% v/v and commercial toothpaste (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that bay leaf essential oil toothpaste had an extrinsic stain removal effect equivalent to positive control and promoted good physicochemical characteristics.
{"title":"Evaluation of herbal gel toothpaste formulated using bay leaf essential oil on physicochemical characteristics and extrinsic stain removal","authors":"M. Annisa, Harsini Harsini, Y. B. Murti","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.47","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bay (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf may be used as an extrinsic stain-removing agent in toothpaste. This study assesses the formula of bay leaf essential oil toothpaste in terms of physicochemical and extrinsic stain removal properties. Methods: Using a gel composition with varying quantities of bay leaf essential oil (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% v/v), tubes of toothpaste were formulated. Commercial stain-removal toothpaste was used as a positive control. Five toothpastes were evaluated based on their organoleptic properties, pH, moisture content, foaming ability, abrasiveness, spreadability, gritty matter, and homogeneity. Extrinsic stain removal evaluation was carried out using 20 bovine teeth that were split into five groups of toothpaste (n=4). The specimens were tea-stained and submitted to simulated brushing. The colour difference (ΔE) was analysed to evaluate extrinsic stain removal using the parameter of CIE-Lab (Commision Internacional de l’Eclairage L*a*b). Using a chromameter, the L*a*b value of the teeth before and after brushing was used to measure the ΔE value. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. Results: All tubes of toothpaste tested met acceptable physicochemical parameter standards. The bay leaf essential oil toothpaste with 0.25% and 0.5% v/v concentrations, as well as commercial toothpaste, produced better ΔE values than the 0% v/v group. There were no statistically significant differences between bay leaf essential oil at 0.5% v/v and commercial toothpaste (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that bay leaf essential oil toothpaste had an extrinsic stain removal effect equivalent to positive control and promoted good physicochemical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Olive leaf extract (OLE) has robust anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A toxic dose of colchicine (COL) injected into the hippocampus disrupts the microtubules’ neuronal structure causing it to be unstable and depolymerized. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effects of OLE treatment on the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells of rats that are injected with intracranial COL. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into control, COL-injected, and OLE-treated-colchicine-injected (COL+OLE) groups (n=6). A vehicle solution was injected into the hippocampi of the control rats, whereas 15 µg/5 µL of COL was injected into the hippocampi of COL and COL+OLE groups. Forced oral treatment with 100 mg/kg OLE was commenced a week later and continued for 15 days. Short-term memory (STM) test using the Morris water maze (MWM) was performed followed by the retention probe memory test. Hippocampal samples from animals of all groups were collected for histopathological examination and qualitative assessment of the viable pyramidal cells at the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: The control and COL+OLE groups demonstrated significantly better performance (P<0.05) in the STM test and its subsequent retention probe memory test as compared to the COL group. The morphology of the pyramidal cells of the COL+OLE treated rats was preserved, showing less distortion than the COL group. Conclusion: OLE treatment led to a considerable preservation in the STM function of rats challenged with intrahippocampal COL injection. This memory improvement of the OLE might be attributed to its promising neuroprotective potential on hippocampal pyramidal cells.
简介橄榄叶提取物（OLE）具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性。向海马注射有毒剂量的秋水仙碱（COL）会破坏神经元的微管结构，导致其不稳定和解聚。本研究的目的是评估 OLE 处理对颅内注射 COL 的大鼠 CA1 海马锥体细胞的保护作用。研究方法将 18 只大鼠分为对照组、注射 COL 组和 OLE 处理-注射胆碱组（COL+OLE）（n=6）。向对照组大鼠的海马注射载体溶液，向 COL 组和 COL+OLE 组大鼠的海马注射 15 µg/5 µL COL。一周后开始强制口服 100 mg/kg OLE，并持续 15 天。使用莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）进行短期记忆（STM）测试，然后进行保持探针记忆测试。收集各组动物的海马样本进行组织病理学检查，并对CA1海马区存活的锥体细胞进行定性评估。结果与 COL 组相比，对照组和 COL+OLE 组在 STM 测试及其后的保持探针记忆测试中的表现明显更好（P<0.05）。接受 COL+OLE 治疗的大鼠锥体细胞的形态得以保留，其变形程度低于 COL 组。结论OLE 治疗使接受海马内注射 COL 挑战的大鼠的 STM 功能得到了很大程度的保护。OLE 对记忆力的改善可能是由于其对海马锥体细胞具有良好的神经保护潜力。
{"title":"Cognitive and histopathological effects of olive leaf extract in colchicine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats","authors":"Marwan Saad Azzubaidi, H. Yusoff, I. Al-Ani","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Olive leaf extract (OLE) has robust anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A toxic dose of colchicine (COL) injected into the hippocampus disrupts the microtubules’ neuronal structure causing it to be unstable and depolymerized. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effects of OLE treatment on the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells of rats that are injected with intracranial COL. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into control, COL-injected, and OLE-treated-colchicine-injected (COL+OLE) groups (n=6). A vehicle solution was injected into the hippocampi of the control rats, whereas 15 µg/5 µL of COL was injected into the hippocampi of COL and COL+OLE groups. Forced oral treatment with 100 mg/kg OLE was commenced a week later and continued for 15 days. Short-term memory (STM) test using the Morris water maze (MWM) was performed followed by the retention probe memory test. Hippocampal samples from animals of all groups were collected for histopathological examination and qualitative assessment of the viable pyramidal cells at the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: The control and COL+OLE groups demonstrated significantly better performance (P<0.05) in the STM test and its subsequent retention probe memory test as compared to the COL group. The morphology of the pyramidal cells of the COL+OLE treated rats was preserved, showing less distortion than the COL group. Conclusion: OLE treatment led to a considerable preservation in the STM function of rats challenged with intrahippocampal COL injection. This memory improvement of the OLE might be attributed to its promising neuroprotective potential on hippocampal pyramidal cells.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral lichen planus (OLP) as an inflammatory disease is autoimmune in nature and there is no definitive treatment for it. Currently, topical and systemic corticosteroids have been adopted as the gold standard in the treatment of OLP, which have significant side effects. Nowadays, the tendency towards natural medicines with antioxidant properties as an alternative treatment has increased due to their low side effects. The main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to focus on comparing the effects of lycopene as an herbal intervention and corticosteroids on OLP in clinical trials. The search using keywords was done through provided databases from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus until March 2023. After removing duplicate articles and screening them according to eligibility criteria, 5 articles remained and were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, significant difference was not observed between the lycopene and corticosteroid groups in terms of reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms after treatment. Lycopene was tolerated well and no specific adverse effects were shown. The systematic review results showed the significant effect of lycopene in the treatment of OLP. The results of this meta-analysis can be useful because no significant side effects have been specified for lycopene. Hence, it might be used instead of steroids.
口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种自身免疫性炎症疾病，目前尚无确切的治疗方法。目前，局部和全身使用皮质类固醇激素已成为治疗口腔扁平苔藓的金标准，但其副作用很大。如今，具有抗氧化特性的天然药物因其副作用小而越来越多地被用作替代治疗方法。本系统综述和荟萃分析的主要目的是在临床试验中重点比较番茄红素作为一种草药干预措施与皮质类固醇对OLP的影响。本研究使用关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar和Scopus等数据库中进行检索，检索期至2023年3月。在删除重复文章并根据资格标准进行筛选后，剩下5篇文章被考虑进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。荟萃分析结果显示，番茄红素组和皮质类固醇组在治疗后减轻疼痛和改善临床症状方面没有明显差异。番茄红素的耐受性良好，没有出现特殊的不良反应。系统综述结果表明，番茄红素对治疗 OLP 有显著效果。这项荟萃分析的结果是有用的，因为番茄红素没有明显的副作用。因此，番茄红素可替代类固醇。
{"title":"Comparing the effects of lycopene and corticosteroids on oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"P. Motahari, Rana Daliraan, Solmaz Poorzare","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"Oral lichen planus (OLP) as an inflammatory disease is autoimmune in nature and there is no definitive treatment for it. Currently, topical and systemic corticosteroids have been adopted as the gold standard in the treatment of OLP, which have significant side effects. Nowadays, the tendency towards natural medicines with antioxidant properties as an alternative treatment has increased due to their low side effects. The main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to focus on comparing the effects of lycopene as an herbal intervention and corticosteroids on OLP in clinical trials. The search using keywords was done through provided databases from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus until March 2023. After removing duplicate articles and screening them according to eligibility criteria, 5 articles remained and were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, significant difference was not observed between the lycopene and corticosteroid groups in terms of reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms after treatment. Lycopene was tolerated well and no specific adverse effects were shown. The systematic review results showed the significant effect of lycopene in the treatment of OLP. The results of this meta-analysis can be useful because no significant side effects have been specified for lycopene. Hence, it might be used instead of steroids.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, basically manifested by motor symptoms. However, there are other associated non-motor features in PD, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the quality of life. Scientific reports have shown that Sargassum wightii, a brown seaweed, protects against rotenone-induced motor deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in rats. We therefore, undertook this study to evaluate its efficacy in alleviating rotenone-induced non-motor symptoms such as anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in rats. Methods: Rotenone at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given orally for 28 days to induce PD model in male rats. The vehicle and the test drug were given orally daily, 1 hour prior to the rotenone administration. The protective effect of S. wightii (methanol extract at 400 mg/kg dosage) was assessed through an array of tests: Elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test. On the 28th day, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampal neurobiochemical analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Co-administration of S. wightii reversed the rotenone-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits to a significant extent (P<0.001). It also restored the hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid) significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion: Sargassum wightii provides neuroprotective effects and reduces the non-motor symptoms of PD. Therefore, it might be a novel insight into PD therapy.
{"title":"Sargassum wightii ameliorates anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive deficits in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats","authors":"Bandana Rath, Lalit Mohan Sika, Ikhita Misra, Snigdha Rani Panigrahy, Baidyanath Mishra","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.46","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, basically manifested by motor symptoms. However, there are other associated non-motor features in PD, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the quality of life. Scientific reports have shown that Sargassum wightii, a brown seaweed, protects against rotenone-induced motor deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in rats. We therefore, undertook this study to evaluate its efficacy in alleviating rotenone-induced non-motor symptoms such as anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in rats. Methods: Rotenone at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given orally for 28 days to induce PD model in male rats. The vehicle and the test drug were given orally daily, 1 hour prior to the rotenone administration. The protective effect of S. wightii (methanol extract at 400 mg/kg dosage) was assessed through an array of tests: Elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test. On the 28th day, the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampal neurobiochemical analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Co-administration of S. wightii reversed the rotenone-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits to a significant extent (P<0.001). It also restored the hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid) significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion: Sargassum wightii provides neuroprotective effects and reduces the non-motor symptoms of PD. Therefore, it might be a novel insight into PD therapy.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Mahmoudvand, Amal Khudair Khalaf, Nooshin Karbasian, Leila Masoori, Pouya Zareh Rajabi, M. Saki, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
Introduction: Formononetin (FMN) is a natural isoflavone found in many plants. This work examined the anti-Toxoplasma effects and cytotoxicity properties of FMN on Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: Effects of FMN (2-64 µg/mL) on tachyzoites forms were measured by cell viability assay for 48 hours. The effects of different concentrations of FMN on infectivity rate, intracellular parasites, and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage cells (J774-A1) were also evaluated. Results: FMN markedly (P<0.001) reduced the viability rate of tachyzoites forms with an IC50 value of 9.85 μg/mL. FMN also declined the rate of intracellular tachyzoites whereas, FMN increased the FMN production in macrophage cells. Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro study revealed the favorable anti-Toxoplasma effects of FMN against tachyzoites and intracellular forms of T. gondii. Although the accurate anti-Toxoplasma mechanisms of FMN are not clear, our results showed that triggering the NO production might be considered one of the main mechanism actions of FMN for controlling and eliminating T. gondii. However, further surveys are mandatory to assess the effects of FMN in animal models and to evaluate its accurate mechanism actions before its use in clinical phase.
{"title":"Promising effects of formononetin, a natural isoflavone derived from herbs, against Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Hossein Mahmoudvand, Amal Khudair Khalaf, Nooshin Karbasian, Leila Masoori, Pouya Zareh Rajabi, M. Saki, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Formononetin (FMN) is a natural isoflavone found in many plants. This work examined the anti-Toxoplasma effects and cytotoxicity properties of FMN on Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: Effects of FMN (2-64 µg/mL) on tachyzoites forms were measured by cell viability assay for 48 hours. The effects of different concentrations of FMN on infectivity rate, intracellular parasites, and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage cells (J774-A1) were also evaluated. Results: FMN markedly (P<0.001) reduced the viability rate of tachyzoites forms with an IC50 value of 9.85 μg/mL. FMN also declined the rate of intracellular tachyzoites whereas, FMN increased the FMN production in macrophage cells. Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro study revealed the favorable anti-Toxoplasma effects of FMN against tachyzoites and intracellular forms of T. gondii. Although the accurate anti-Toxoplasma mechanisms of FMN are not clear, our results showed that triggering the NO production might be considered one of the main mechanism actions of FMN for controlling and eliminating T. gondii. However, further surveys are mandatory to assess the effects of FMN in animal models and to evaluate its accurate mechanism actions before its use in clinical phase.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Siska, Endang Hanani, T. Bariroh, Benny Febrianto, Anggraita Dewi Amalia Putri Pratiwi, Nadhif Naufala Yaner, Nur Alfaeni Fitri
Introduction: The green cactus Pereskia bleo is thought to have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic properties. Additionally, it treats hypertension and diabetes; However, no scientific evaluation of its antihypertensive activity has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of P. bleo extract (PBE) on male rats’ blood pressure, urine volume, and sodium and potassium levels. Methods: Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (4%) was administered orally to induce hypertension. A non-invasive tail method was used to measure blood pressure. The sodium and potassium concentrations as well as the total volume of urine were measured from the collected urine. Results: Hypertensive rats’ blood pressure was reduced by 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of PBE. Similar to the positive control group (captopril dose of 1.25 mg/kg BW), the most significant drop in blood pressure was occurred at the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (P>0.05). All treatment groups saw an increase in urinary sodium and potassium levels. Conclusion: In NaCl-induced hypertensive rats, oral administration of P. bleo ethanolic extract decreased blood pressure to the standard value by increasing urinary sodium and potassium levels. Hence, it might be used as an anti-hypertensive agent.
{"title":"Effect of the ethanol extract of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. on the blood pressure and electrolyte levels of hypertensive rats","authors":"S. Siska, Endang Hanani, T. Bariroh, Benny Febrianto, Anggraita Dewi Amalia Putri Pratiwi, Nadhif Naufala Yaner, Nur Alfaeni Fitri","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The green cactus Pereskia bleo is thought to have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic properties. Additionally, it treats hypertension and diabetes; However, no scientific evaluation of its antihypertensive activity has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of P. bleo extract (PBE) on male rats’ blood pressure, urine volume, and sodium and potassium levels. Methods: Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (4%) was administered orally to induce hypertension. A non-invasive tail method was used to measure blood pressure. The sodium and potassium concentrations as well as the total volume of urine were measured from the collected urine. Results: Hypertensive rats’ blood pressure was reduced by 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of PBE. Similar to the positive control group (captopril dose of 1.25 mg/kg BW), the most significant drop in blood pressure was occurred at the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (P>0.05). All treatment groups saw an increase in urinary sodium and potassium levels. Conclusion: In NaCl-induced hypertensive rats, oral administration of P. bleo ethanolic extract decreased blood pressure to the standard value by increasing urinary sodium and potassium levels. Hence, it might be used as an anti-hypertensive agent.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alae Chda, Youssef Mahou, Youssra Znata, Hinde El Fatemi, Abdellatif Boukir, Samir Ananou, Kaouakib El Abida, Rachid Bencheikh
Introduction: For thousands of years, Cannabis sativa has been used for its medical and recreational benefits. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the use of C. sativa and its non-psychoactive products/effects to treat certain diseases. This study was conducted to examine the gastrointestinal effects of a sequential ethanolic fraction of C. sativa threshing residues (EFCS). Methods: In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to investigate the gastrointestinal properties of EFCS. Antidiarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and antiulcer effects were tested respectively against castor oil induced diarrhea, disc diffusion method, isolated tissue preparations, charcoal transit time, and ethanol induced ulcer model. Results: EFCS induced a spasmodic effect on an isolated rabbit jejunum, which was inhibited by atropine and verapamil. Moreover, under free calcium conditions, the effect of EFCS was significantly reduced. The acute toxicity assay in female and male mice showed that EFCS was a safe product. Additionally, EFCS like loperamide presented antidiarrheal effect in mice and inhibited intestinal fluid secretions. Unlike the standard drug (loperamide), EFCS increased the motility of the intestinal transit. Furthermore, EFCS showed a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in mice and exhibited antimicrobial properties against Bacillus cereus strains. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that EFCS possesses anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and anti-ulcer activities. EFCS has potential therapeutic use against gastrointestinal diseases. Also, our work values the non-psychoactive products of C. sativa.
{"title":"Investigation on the gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa through in vivo and in vitro approaches","authors":"Alae Chda, Youssef Mahou, Youssra Znata, Hinde El Fatemi, Abdellatif Boukir, Samir Ananou, Kaouakib El Abida, Rachid Bencheikh","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For thousands of years, Cannabis sativa has been used for its medical and recreational benefits. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the use of C. sativa and its non-psychoactive products/effects to treat certain diseases. This study was conducted to examine the gastrointestinal effects of a sequential ethanolic fraction of C. sativa threshing residues (EFCS). Methods: In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to investigate the gastrointestinal properties of EFCS. Antidiarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and antiulcer effects were tested respectively against castor oil induced diarrhea, disc diffusion method, isolated tissue preparations, charcoal transit time, and ethanol induced ulcer model. Results: EFCS induced a spasmodic effect on an isolated rabbit jejunum, which was inhibited by atropine and verapamil. Moreover, under free calcium conditions, the effect of EFCS was significantly reduced. The acute toxicity assay in female and male mice showed that EFCS was a safe product. Additionally, EFCS like loperamide presented antidiarrheal effect in mice and inhibited intestinal fluid secretions. Unlike the standard drug (loperamide), EFCS increased the motility of the intestinal transit. Furthermore, EFCS showed a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in mice and exhibited antimicrobial properties against Bacillus cereus strains. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that EFCS possesses anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, spasmodic, laxative, and anti-ulcer activities. EFCS has potential therapeutic use against gastrointestinal diseases. Also, our work values the non-psychoactive products of C. sativa.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Kharazmkia, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, M. Mohammadian, Rehman Ali, H. Mahmoudvand
Introduction: The present work aimed to assess the anti-parasitic effects of limonene (LMN) against Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts. Methods: Anti-Giardia activities of LMN (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were assessed against G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites for 15-360 minutes. The effects of LMN on the apoptosis stimulation G. lamblia parasites were determined by colorimetric protease assay. Results: Giardia trophozoites were more sensitive to LMN than cysts. The best effect of LMN was seen at 100 μg/mL. LMN markedly triggered caspase-3 activity by 10.2%, 25.3%, and 36.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found the potent in vitro anti-giardia activity of LMN against G. lamblia parasites with the maximum activity at 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, additional surveys are necessary to reveal the specific efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of LMN.
{"title":"Antiparasitic effect of limonene, a monoterpene compound found in the essential oils against Giardia lamblia","authors":"Ali Kharazmkia, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, M. Mohammadian, Rehman Ali, H. Mahmoudvand","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present work aimed to assess the anti-parasitic effects of limonene (LMN) against Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts. Methods: Anti-Giardia activities of LMN (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were assessed against G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites for 15-360 minutes. The effects of LMN on the apoptosis stimulation G. lamblia parasites were determined by colorimetric protease assay. Results: Giardia trophozoites were more sensitive to LMN than cysts. The best effect of LMN was seen at 100 μg/mL. LMN markedly triggered caspase-3 activity by 10.2%, 25.3%, and 36.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found the potent in vitro anti-giardia activity of LMN against G. lamblia parasites with the maximum activity at 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, additional surveys are necessary to reveal the specific efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of LMN.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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