Introduction: Triphala, consisting of three fruits, Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae), Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae), and T. chebula Retz, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic herbal formulation, used for various therapeutic purposes, including the treatment of dyslipidemia. Inhibitory activity against 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑coenzyme A (HMG‑CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the endogenous cholesterol synthesis pathway, is an essential target for the management of hypercholesterolemia. This in silico study aimed to investigate the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the phytochemical compounds derived from Triphala formulation by employing molecular docking analysis. Methods: Ten phytochemical constituents of Triphala formulation were selectively used for docking study by using the HMG-CoA reductase template (PDB: 1HWK). Docking analysis was performed using AutoDock 4.2. The candidates were ranked by the binding energy parameters. Results: From the docking studies, the phytochemical compounds with HMG-CoA reductase inhibition could be classified into 4 groups, including phytosterols, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Beta-sitosterol exhibited the highest binding affinity to HMG-CoA reductase with a binding energy of -7.75 kcal/mol. Conclusion: These 10 phytochemical compounds in Triphala potentially exert their cholesterol-lowering effects via inhibition against HMG-CoA reductase. Nonetheless, further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be conducted subsequently to confirm this finding.
{"title":"Molecular docking studies of Triphala with catalytic portion of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme","authors":"P. Rinthong, P. Pulbutr, Chawannuch Mudjupa","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Triphala, consisting of three fruits, Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae), Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae), and T. chebula Retz, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic herbal formulation, used for various therapeutic purposes, including the treatment of dyslipidemia. Inhibitory activity against 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑coenzyme A (HMG‑CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the endogenous cholesterol synthesis pathway, is an essential target for the management of hypercholesterolemia. This in silico study aimed to investigate the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the phytochemical compounds derived from Triphala formulation by employing molecular docking analysis. Methods: Ten phytochemical constituents of Triphala formulation were selectively used for docking study by using the HMG-CoA reductase template (PDB: 1HWK). Docking analysis was performed using AutoDock 4.2. The candidates were ranked by the binding energy parameters. Results: From the docking studies, the phytochemical compounds with HMG-CoA reductase inhibition could be classified into 4 groups, including phytosterols, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Beta-sitosterol exhibited the highest binding affinity to HMG-CoA reductase with a binding energy of -7.75 kcal/mol. Conclusion: These 10 phytochemical compounds in Triphala potentially exert their cholesterol-lowering effects via inhibition against HMG-CoA reductase. Nonetheless, further in vitro and in vivo experiments should be conducted subsequently to confirm this finding.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadeer Saad Mohamed, Tahany Kholief, Radwan Mohamed, Amira Abd El-Rhman
Introduction: Antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of some plant seeds are considered natural preventives for diabetic-associated glycation. This study is concerned with the evaluation of the bioactive components of black chia and garden cress seeds and the examination of their modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated glycation induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each: Group 1 (healthy control group); group 2 (diabetic group): rats injected STZ intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia; group 3 and group 4: rats treated (after diabetic induction) with 1 mL (20% w/w) black chia and garden cress seed extract, respectively. Results: STZ injection caused marked hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation condition with disturbance in organs functions and structural alterations in pancreatic tissue, while; treatment with black chia and garden cress seed extracts showed remarkable (P < 0.05) modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated disorders. Conclusion: Black chia and garden cress seeds might be used in the management of diabetes and associated glycation.
简介:一些植物种子的抗氧化和降糖特性被认为是糖尿病相关糖基化的天然预防剂。本文对黑奇亚籽和芥蓝籽的生物活性成分进行了评价，并研究了其对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的高血糖和相关糖基化的调节作用。方法:40只雄性大鼠随机分为4组，每组10只:第一组(健康对照组);2组(糖尿病组):大鼠腹腔注射STZ诱导高血糖;第3组和第4组:糖尿病诱导后大鼠分别给予黑籽提取物1 mL (20% w/w)和芥蓝籽提取物。结果:STZ注射液引起明显的高血糖、氧化应激、糖基化和炎症反应，器官功能紊乱，胰腺组织结构改变;黑奇亚和芥蓝籽提取物对高血糖及相关疾病的调节作用显著(P < 0.05)。结论:黑奇亚、芥蓝籽可用于糖尿病及相关糖基化的治疗。
{"title":"The modulatory effects of black chia (Salvia hispanica) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds on Nε-CML formation in streptozotocin-injected rats","authors":"Hadeer Saad Mohamed, Tahany Kholief, Radwan Mohamed, Amira Abd El-Rhman","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of some plant seeds are considered natural preventives for diabetic-associated glycation. This study is concerned with the evaluation of the bioactive components of black chia and garden cress seeds and the examination of their modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated glycation induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each: Group 1 (healthy control group); group 2 (diabetic group): rats injected STZ intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia; group 3 and group 4: rats treated (after diabetic induction) with 1 mL (20% w/w) black chia and garden cress seed extract, respectively. Results: STZ injection caused marked hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation condition with disturbance in organs functions and structural alterations in pancreatic tissue, while; treatment with black chia and garden cress seed extracts showed remarkable (P < 0.05) modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated disorders. Conclusion: Black chia and garden cress seeds might be used in the management of diabetes and associated glycation.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47941151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is primarily associated with reduced intracellular drug accumulation owing to overexpression of p-glycoprotein, an active efflux transporter. Competitive inhibition or allosteric modulation of p-glycoprotein may alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs that serve as substrates, resulting in enhanced drug bioavailability and tissue penetration. This study endeavors to assess the efficacy of the components of reno-protective herbs in the inhibition of p-glycoprotein activity thereby enhancing the possibility of the retention of co-administered renal medications inside the target cells. Methods: Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were determined to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal constituents. Molecular docking employing the CDOCKER module of Discovery Studio was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the p-glycoprotein receptor (6C0V). Molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to further assess the stability of the complex of receptors with the component bearing its maximal affinity. Results: The analyses suggested that the inhibitors viz., atisine, kutkin, and embelin from Aconitum heterophyllum, phylloquinone from Calendula officinalis, stigmasterol from Paederia foetida, and convallamarogenin from Convallaria majalis demonstrated maximum binding affinity towards p-glycoprotein. Conclusion: Atisine may thus be identified as the lead compound in the augmentation of drug bioavailability inside the cell, along with its reno-protective efficacy.
{"title":"Co-administration of herbal inhibitors of P-glycoprotein with renal drugs enhance their bioavailability– In silico approach","authors":"C. Roy, P. Ghosh","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is primarily associated with reduced intracellular drug accumulation owing to overexpression of p-glycoprotein, an active efflux transporter. Competitive inhibition or allosteric modulation of p-glycoprotein may alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs that serve as substrates, resulting in enhanced drug bioavailability and tissue penetration. This study endeavors to assess the efficacy of the components of reno-protective herbs in the inhibition of p-glycoprotein activity thereby enhancing the possibility of the retention of co-administered renal medications inside the target cells. Methods: Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were determined to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal constituents. Molecular docking employing the CDOCKER module of Discovery Studio was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the p-glycoprotein receptor (6C0V). Molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to further assess the stability of the complex of receptors with the component bearing its maximal affinity. Results: The analyses suggested that the inhibitors viz., atisine, kutkin, and embelin from Aconitum heterophyllum, phylloquinone from Calendula officinalis, stigmasterol from Paederia foetida, and convallamarogenin from Convallaria majalis demonstrated maximum binding affinity towards p-glycoprotein. Conclusion: Atisine may thus be identified as the lead compound in the augmentation of drug bioavailability inside the cell, along with its reno-protective efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43861220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This overview on Volkameria inermis (Lamiaceae) is the first in updating information on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of the species, notably on its unique ability in ameliorating motor tics. The information was procured from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem. Previously named Clerodendrum inerme (Verbenaceae), V. inermis is a scrambling or scandent coastal shrub in the tropics and sub-tropics. From different parts of the plant, compounds such as flavonoids, diterpenes/diterpenoids, sterols, triterpenes/triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides (PEGs), phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), chalcones, and sesquiterpenes have been reported. Major pharmacological properties of V. inermis include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and antibacterial activities. Other properties include anti-tyrosinase, antifungal, neuroprotective, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, amyloid-β aggregation, wound healing, antipyretic, and larvicidal activities. A unique pharmacological property of V. inermis leaf extract, discovered by scientists from Taiwan, is the amelioration of motor tic disorders, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome. This property included a case report, three in vivo studies, and one patent. Areas of further research of V. inermis are suggested.
{"title":"Volkameria inermis: An overview of its chemical constituents and pharmacological properties, notably the amelioration of motor tics","authors":"E. Chan, S. Wong, H. T. Chan","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"This overview on Volkameria inermis (Lamiaceae) is the first in updating information on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of the species, notably on its unique ability in ameliorating motor tics. The information was procured from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem. Previously named Clerodendrum inerme (Verbenaceae), V. inermis is a scrambling or scandent coastal shrub in the tropics and sub-tropics. From different parts of the plant, compounds such as flavonoids, diterpenes/diterpenoids, sterols, triterpenes/triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides (PEGs), phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), chalcones, and sesquiterpenes have been reported. Major pharmacological properties of V. inermis include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and antibacterial activities. Other properties include anti-tyrosinase, antifungal, neuroprotective, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, amyloid-β aggregation, wound healing, antipyretic, and larvicidal activities. A unique pharmacological property of V. inermis leaf extract, discovered by scientists from Taiwan, is the amelioration of motor tic disorders, a spectrum of Tourette syndrome. This property included a case report, three in vivo studies, and one patent. Areas of further research of V. inermis are suggested.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Conventional medicines for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have little efficacy and are linked to several severe effects, necessitating alternative therapy. The current study investigated the memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities of stem bark and leaf MeOH extracts of Prunus africana in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Several inclusions build up in brain tissue during AD progression and the brain clears them oxidatively. This makes the antioxidant activity a vital requirement for plant extracts that are used with great success to manage AD. Methods: In this study, for each plant extract, thirty Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to six groups; extract-treated, reference drug control, normal control, and negative control groups. The mice were then subjected to the Morris water maze task for four consecutive days, euthanized and their whole brains were assessed for antioxidant activities. Results: The studied extracts significantly (P < 0.01) reduced escape latencies of experimental mice in a dose-related manner, depicting their considerable memory-enhancing effects. The extracts also displayed significant (P < 0.01) enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The leaf and stem bark MeOH extracts of P. africana possess phytocompounds with spatial memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Spatial memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities of leaf and stem bark methanol extracts of Prunus africana in scopolamine-treated mice","authors":"D. Ngai, C. Kibiti, M. Ngugi","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Conventional medicines for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have little efficacy and are linked to several severe effects, necessitating alternative therapy. The current study investigated the memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities of stem bark and leaf MeOH extracts of Prunus africana in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Several inclusions build up in brain tissue during AD progression and the brain clears them oxidatively. This makes the antioxidant activity a vital requirement for plant extracts that are used with great success to manage AD. Methods: In this study, for each plant extract, thirty Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to six groups; extract-treated, reference drug control, normal control, and negative control groups. The mice were then subjected to the Morris water maze task for four consecutive days, euthanized and their whole brains were assessed for antioxidant activities. Results: The studied extracts significantly (P < 0.01) reduced escape latencies of experimental mice in a dose-related manner, depicting their considerable memory-enhancing effects. The extracts also displayed significant (P < 0.01) enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The leaf and stem bark MeOH extracts of P. africana possess phytocompounds with spatial memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vara Prasad Saka, Chitra Vellapandian, Damodharan Narayanasamy
Introduction: Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones was reported to cause neurological damage. Hispolon pyrazole (HP) and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole (HMEP) were tested for their RF-EMR protection in rats. Methods: Juvenile Wistar albino rats were exposed to the mobile phone generating 2400 MHz radiation with a maximum power output of 2 W/kg (Specific absorption rate 1.6 W/kg) for 90 days at a rate of 2 hours/day, treated with HP and HMEP at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight. The elevated plus maze (EMT) test was used for anxiety and exploration evaluation, the forced swim test (FST) for depression, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test for learning and memory. The oxidative stress markers like glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malonaldehyde (MDA), and the neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, and acetylcholinesterase along with histopathology in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus were evaluated to establish the mechanism of the neuronal alterations of HP and HMEP against RF-EMR-induced damage. Results: In the current investigation, HP at a higher dose of 40 mg/kg and HMEP at both doses significantly reduced the oxidative stress generated by RF-EMR from mobile phones and altered neurobehavioral, neurotransmitter, and histological alterations. Conclusion: Based on the findings, HP and HMEP at a dose of 40 mg/kg are protective agents against long-term, continuous mobile phone use and can be regarded viable therapeutic agents.
{"title":"Protective role of hispolon pyrazole and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole in electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral, neurochemical, oxidative, and histological changes in rats","authors":"Vara Prasad Saka, Chitra Vellapandian, Damodharan Narayanasamy","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones was reported to cause neurological damage. Hispolon pyrazole (HP) and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole (HMEP) were tested for their RF-EMR protection in rats. Methods: Juvenile Wistar albino rats were exposed to the mobile phone generating 2400 MHz radiation with a maximum power output of 2 W/kg (Specific absorption rate 1.6 W/kg) for 90 days at a rate of 2 hours/day, treated with HP and HMEP at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight. The elevated plus maze (EMT) test was used for anxiety and exploration evaluation, the forced swim test (FST) for depression, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test for learning and memory. The oxidative stress markers like glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malonaldehyde (MDA), and the neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, and acetylcholinesterase along with histopathology in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus were evaluated to establish the mechanism of the neuronal alterations of HP and HMEP against RF-EMR-induced damage. Results: In the current investigation, HP at a higher dose of 40 mg/kg and HMEP at both doses significantly reduced the oxidative stress generated by RF-EMR from mobile phones and altered neurobehavioral, neurotransmitter, and histological alterations. Conclusion: Based on the findings, HP and HMEP at a dose of 40 mg/kg are protective agents against long-term, continuous mobile phone use and can be regarded viable therapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Ovariectomies rats were used to assess the preventive effects of almond and primrose oils on their lipid and neurochemical profiles. Methods: The experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: A negative control group. Group 2: Rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 3: Rats given an oral dose of primrose oil (500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 4: Untreated ovariectomized rats. Group 5: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 6: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose (500 mg/kg/d) of primrose oil daily for 30 days. Results: Oral administration of almond and primrose oils significantly decreased mean (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations and raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the ovariectomized groups compared to group 4 (P < 0.05). They also increased leptin and estradiol (E2) concentrations in groups 5 and 6. Administration of oils showed a marked increase in noradrenalin, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytyramin levels and a marked decrease in PGE2 and COX-2 levels (P < 0.05). Rats given almond and primrose oils revealed minor capillary congestion in the hippocampus in brain sections. Conclusion: Administration of almond or primrose oils may improve central nervous system functions and decrease the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. They also might be effective against atherosclerosis, inflammation, endocrine disorders, and cognitive impairments for women who undergo surgical menopause prior to their natural menopause.
{"title":"Protective effect of almond oil and primrose oil on neurochemical and lipid profile in ovariectomized rats","authors":"E. A. M. Sharaf, E. Kamel, Marwa Mosaad Hassan","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ovariectomies rats were used to assess the preventive effects of almond and primrose oils on their lipid and neurochemical profiles. Methods: The experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: A negative control group. Group 2: Rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 3: Rats given an oral dose of primrose oil (500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 4: Untreated ovariectomized rats. Group 5: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 6: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose (500 mg/kg/d) of primrose oil daily for 30 days. Results: Oral administration of almond and primrose oils significantly decreased mean (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations and raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the ovariectomized groups compared to group 4 (P < 0.05). They also increased leptin and estradiol (E2) concentrations in groups 5 and 6. Administration of oils showed a marked increase in noradrenalin, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytyramin levels and a marked decrease in PGE2 and COX-2 levels (P < 0.05). Rats given almond and primrose oils revealed minor capillary congestion in the hippocampus in brain sections. Conclusion: Administration of almond or primrose oils may improve central nervous system functions and decrease the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. They also might be effective against atherosclerosis, inflammation, endocrine disorders, and cognitive impairments for women who undergo surgical menopause prior to their natural menopause.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Studies have shown that synthetic agents are connected with some complications. This work was designed to study the effects of vitamin C and Citrus sinensis fruit extract (CSFE) on viability, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis stimulation in human lung cancer cells (COR-L105). Methods: The total contents of the phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid in CSFE were assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and dinitrophenyl hydrazine methods, respectively. The cytotoxicity of vitamin C and CSFE on COR-L105 cells was evaluated by the cell viability assay. Measurement of the DNA synthesis was done through the BrdU solution assay. The expression levels of some apoptosis regulatory genes were also evaluated. Results: The total phenolic, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid contents of CSFE were 94.31 ± 2.27 gallic acid equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, 63.26 ± 2.86 quercetin equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, and 59 mg/L, respectively. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values of vitamin C and CSFE on cancer cells were 54.6 and 82.7.6 μg/mL, respectively. Vitamin C and CSFE dose-dependently declined the amount of DNA production in the cancer cells. The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax genes were markedly (P < 0.001) elevated by vitamin C and CSFE, while they reduced the level of Bcl-2 gene (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed the potent anticancer effects of vitamin C and CSFE against human lung cancer cell lines. DNA synthesis reduction and apoptosis induction can be considered as possible mechanisms of action. However, further surveys are necessary to clarify the accurate mechanism and their efficacy.
{"title":"Potent anticancer effects of vitamin C and vitamin C-rich fruit extract (Citrus sinensis L.) on human lung cancer cells","authors":"Mohaddeseh Kamranikheiri, M. Koşar","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies have shown that synthetic agents are connected with some complications. This work was designed to study the effects of vitamin C and Citrus sinensis fruit extract (CSFE) on viability, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis stimulation in human lung cancer cells (COR-L105). Methods: The total contents of the phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid in CSFE were assessed through the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and dinitrophenyl hydrazine methods, respectively. The cytotoxicity of vitamin C and CSFE on COR-L105 cells was evaluated by the cell viability assay. Measurement of the DNA synthesis was done through the BrdU solution assay. The expression levels of some apoptosis regulatory genes were also evaluated. Results: The total phenolic, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid contents of CSFE were 94.31 ± 2.27 gallic acid equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, 63.26 ± 2.86 quercetin equivalents (mg/g) of dry extract, and 59 mg/L, respectively. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values of vitamin C and CSFE on cancer cells were 54.6 and 82.7.6 μg/mL, respectively. Vitamin C and CSFE dose-dependently declined the amount of DNA production in the cancer cells. The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax genes were markedly (P < 0.001) elevated by vitamin C and CSFE, while they reduced the level of Bcl-2 gene (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed the potent anticancer effects of vitamin C and CSFE against human lung cancer cell lines. DNA synthesis reduction and apoptosis induction can be considered as possible mechanisms of action. However, further surveys are necessary to clarify the accurate mechanism and their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43744740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matin Kordestani, M. Rashidipour, H. Mahmoudvand, Shoukofeh Jalali, F. Kooshki
Introduction: Tooth decay as the most common infectious-nutritional disease in the world. The current work aims to investigate the antibacterial effect of thymol-loaded chitosan nanocomposite (TLCN) against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus as the main cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activity of TLCN was assessed on S. mutans and A. viscosus. The effects on protein leakage in the tested bacteria, as well as its cytotoxicity, were studied by Bradford’s method and cell viability assay, respectively. Results: The size of the nanocomposite varied from 100 to 600 nm. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) related to nanocomposite + chlorhexidine was reported 2.66 for both bacteria. TLCN dose-dependently increased the protein leakage (P < 0.05). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of nanocomposite against on normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 149.6 and 68.4 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: TLCN, especially in combination with chlorhexidine, displayed potent antibacterial effects against the main cariogenic bacterial causes. Nevertheless, other examinations are required to illuminate the precise mechanisms and its toxicity mainly in clinical settings.
{"title":"Antibacterial and cytotoxicity of chitosan nanocomposite loaded with thymol against some cariogenic bacteria","authors":"Matin Kordestani, M. Rashidipour, H. Mahmoudvand, Shoukofeh Jalali, F. Kooshki","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tooth decay as the most common infectious-nutritional disease in the world. The current work aims to investigate the antibacterial effect of thymol-loaded chitosan nanocomposite (TLCN) against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus as the main cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activity of TLCN was assessed on S. mutans and A. viscosus. The effects on protein leakage in the tested bacteria, as well as its cytotoxicity, were studied by Bradford’s method and cell viability assay, respectively. Results: The size of the nanocomposite varied from 100 to 600 nm. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) related to nanocomposite + chlorhexidine was reported 2.66 for both bacteria. TLCN dose-dependently increased the protein leakage (P < 0.05). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of nanocomposite against on normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 149.6 and 68.4 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: TLCN, especially in combination with chlorhexidine, displayed potent antibacterial effects against the main cariogenic bacterial causes. Nevertheless, other examinations are required to illuminate the precise mechanisms and its toxicity mainly in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41887040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Candidiasis therapy is a complicated concern because of the occurrence of resistance to antifungal agents. We studied the anti-fungal effects of Ferula macrecolea essential oil (FME) against Candida albicans resistant and sensitive strains, as well as its cytotoxic effects against normal and cancer cell lines. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of F. macrecolea essential oil against C. albicans ATCC 5027 and C. albicans ATCC 76616 were studied by broth-microdilution approach. The cytotoxicities of FME on HGF1-PI (normal gingival cell line) and HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) cells were also studied. Results: The main components of essential oil were terpinolene (71.25%), n-nonanal (6.32%), and linalool (3.95%), respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were 1.6 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on nystatin-resistant strains were 3.3 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were 0.8 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on nystatin-resistant strains were 2 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil and terpinolene had no significant cytotoxic effects against normal cells. Conclusion: We revealed the promising antifungal effect of F. macrecolea essential oil and its main component, terpinolene, against C. albicans sensitive and resistant to nystatin with no significant toxicity on normal cells.
{"title":"Chemical composition, anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of Ferula macrecolea essential oil against Candida albicans resistant and sensitive strains","authors":"Nader Sadeghi, Hoda Sadeghi, Dharshini Nangaru Mohan, A. Sepahvand, Arash Alizadeh, Shirin Garavand","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Candidiasis therapy is a complicated concern because of the occurrence of resistance to antifungal agents. We studied the anti-fungal effects of Ferula macrecolea essential oil (FME) against Candida albicans resistant and sensitive strains, as well as its cytotoxic effects against normal and cancer cell lines. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of F. macrecolea essential oil against C. albicans ATCC 5027 and C. albicans ATCC 76616 were studied by broth-microdilution approach. The cytotoxicities of FME on HGF1-PI (normal gingival cell line) and HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) cells were also studied. Results: The main components of essential oil were terpinolene (71.25%), n-nonanal (6.32%), and linalool (3.95%), respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were 1.6 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of FME on nystatin-resistant strains were 3.3 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on C. albicans sensitive to nystatin were 0.8 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of terpinolene on nystatin-resistant strains were 2 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil and terpinolene had no significant cytotoxic effects against normal cells. Conclusion: We revealed the promising antifungal effect of F. macrecolea essential oil and its main component, terpinolene, against C. albicans sensitive and resistant to nystatin with no significant toxicity on normal cells.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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