Dani Sujana, N. M. Saptarini, S. Sumiwi, J. Levita
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major problem in platinum-based chemotherapy patients. Boesenbergia rotunda can induce the generation of osteoblast cells and significantly increase pancreatic antioxidant enzyme activities; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin on human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and the protective impact of the ethanol extract of B. rotunda (EEBR) against such conditions. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed using the CCK-8/WST-8 reagent, while the protective activity was assayed on 1 µg/mL cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells by quantifying the expression of nephrotoxicity biomarkers, e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase associated-lipocalin (NGAL), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), apoptotic caspase-3, and caspase-7 genes, in cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells. Results: Cisplatin was confirmed as highly toxic against the HEK-293 cells (IC50 = 2.5145 μg/ mL), whereas quercetin was of moderate toxicity (IC50 = 185.6225 μg/mL). EEBR revealed an IC50 = 40.0655 μg/mL. Moreover, EEBR concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL confirmed its remarkable protective activity against cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells (P=0.031, 0.014, 0.046, respectively) compared to the cisplatin-treated cell lines without treatment. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that a higher concentration of EEBR significantly suppressed the expression of Kim-1, while lower concentrations of EEBR significantly inhibited NGAL and NF-κB genes. Higher concentrations of EEBR reduced the expression of caspase-3. All concentrations of EEBR stimulated the expression of caspase-7. Conclusion: The significant protective activity observed in this study indicated that EEBR might be beneficial in protecting kidney cells against cisplatin.
{"title":"The protective effect of Boesenbergia rotunda extract on cisplatin-exposed human embryonic kidney-293 cells by inhibiting the expression of kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase associated-lipocalin, NF-κB, and caspases","authors":"Dani Sujana, N. M. Saptarini, S. Sumiwi, J. Levita","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major problem in platinum-based chemotherapy patients. Boesenbergia rotunda can induce the generation of osteoblast cells and significantly increase pancreatic antioxidant enzyme activities; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin on human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells and the protective impact of the ethanol extract of B. rotunda (EEBR) against such conditions. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed using the CCK-8/WST-8 reagent, while the protective activity was assayed on 1 µg/mL cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells by quantifying the expression of nephrotoxicity biomarkers, e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase associated-lipocalin (NGAL), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), apoptotic caspase-3, and caspase-7 genes, in cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells. Results: Cisplatin was confirmed as highly toxic against the HEK-293 cells (IC50 = 2.5145 μg/ mL), whereas quercetin was of moderate toxicity (IC50 = 185.6225 μg/mL). EEBR revealed an IC50 = 40.0655 μg/mL. Moreover, EEBR concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL confirmed its remarkable protective activity against cisplatin-exposed HEK-293 cells (P=0.031, 0.014, 0.046, respectively) compared to the cisplatin-treated cell lines without treatment. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that a higher concentration of EEBR significantly suppressed the expression of Kim-1, while lower concentrations of EEBR significantly inhibited NGAL and NF-κB genes. Higher concentrations of EEBR reduced the expression of caspase-3. All concentrations of EEBR stimulated the expression of caspase-7. Conclusion: The significant protective activity observed in this study indicated that EEBR might be beneficial in protecting kidney cells against cisplatin.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Obafemi, B. Afolabi, J. Falode, J. N. Ejeje, O. B. Afolabi, O. Adewale, A. Adeoye, J. Awe, O. Osukoya, A. Onasanya
Introduction: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Crassocephalum rubens is a leafy vegetable consumed in different parts of Africa for the management of symptoms of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, malaria, and blood pressure. The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of C. rubens (ACR) and gliclazide on MPTP in the pancreas of Wistar albino rats in vitro. Methods: Pancreatic mitochondria were isolated from experimental animals using standard protocols. Furthermore, MPTP was induced using various concentrations (15, 22.5, 30, and 37.5 mmol/L) of glucose and CaCl2 (3 µM). Alterations in MPTP and ameliorative potential of different concentrations of ACR (8, 24, 40, 56 μg/mL) and gliclazide (0.054 mg/mL) were monitored spectrophotometrically via changes in absorbance at 540 nm for 12 minutes, under sodium succinate energized condition. Results: It was observed that 30 mmol/L, 37.5 mmol/L D-glucose, and Ca2+ significantly induced MPTP opening by 0.635, 5.10, and 9.95 folds, respectively, an effect that was reversed by gliclazide and ACR, in a none-dose dependent manner. In addition, ACR at 56 μg/mL in conjunction with Ca2+ opened the MPTP. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that gliclazide and ACR, especially at the lower concentrations, possess significant inhibitory effects against MPTP opening in the pancreas of male Wistar albino rats and, therefore, could be useful in protecting beta-cell death usually associated with diabetes mellitus, as well as other conditions in which MPTP opening is implicated.
线粒体通透性过渡孔(MPTP)与多种疾病有关，如癌症、神经退行性疾病和糖尿病。红头草是一种叶状蔬菜，在非洲不同地区食用，用于治疗糖尿病、炎症、疟疾和血压症状。本研究研究了紫花楸叶水提物(ACR)和格列齐特对体外Wistar白化大鼠胰腺MPTP的调节作用。方法:采用标准方法从实验动物中分离胰腺线粒体。此外，使用不同浓度(15、22.5、30和37.5 mmol/L)的葡萄糖和CaCl2(3µM)诱导MPTP。在琥珀酸钠激励下，通过分光光度法监测不同浓度ACR(8、24、40、56 μg/mL)和格列齐特(0.054 mg/mL)在540 nm处作用12分钟后MPTP的变化和改善电位。结果:30 mmol/L、37.5 mmol/L d -葡萄糖和Ca2+分别显著诱导MPTP打开0.635倍、5.10倍和9.95倍，这一作用被格列齐特和ACR逆转，且无剂量依赖性。此外，56 μg/mL的ACR与Ca2+联合开放MPTP。结论:本研究的数据表明，格列齐特和ACR，特别是在较低浓度下，对雄性Wistar白化大鼠胰腺MPTP开放具有显著的抑制作用，因此，可能有助于保护通常与糖尿病相关的β细胞死亡，以及其他与MPTP开放有关的疾病。
{"title":"Gliclazide and Crassocephalum rubens leaf extract inhibit glucose-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in isolated pancreas mitochondria of Wistar rats","authors":"T. Obafemi, B. Afolabi, J. Falode, J. N. Ejeje, O. B. Afolabi, O. Adewale, A. Adeoye, J. Awe, O. Osukoya, A. Onasanya","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Crassocephalum rubens is a leafy vegetable consumed in different parts of Africa for the management of symptoms of diabetes mellitus, inflammation, malaria, and blood pressure. The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of C. rubens (ACR) and gliclazide on MPTP in the pancreas of Wistar albino rats in vitro. Methods: Pancreatic mitochondria were isolated from experimental animals using standard protocols. Furthermore, MPTP was induced using various concentrations (15, 22.5, 30, and 37.5 mmol/L) of glucose and CaCl2 (3 µM). Alterations in MPTP and ameliorative potential of different concentrations of ACR (8, 24, 40, 56 μg/mL) and gliclazide (0.054 mg/mL) were monitored spectrophotometrically via changes in absorbance at 540 nm for 12 minutes, under sodium succinate energized condition. Results: It was observed that 30 mmol/L, 37.5 mmol/L D-glucose, and Ca2+ significantly induced MPTP opening by 0.635, 5.10, and 9.95 folds, respectively, an effect that was reversed by gliclazide and ACR, in a none-dose dependent manner. In addition, ACR at 56 μg/mL in conjunction with Ca2+ opened the MPTP. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that gliclazide and ACR, especially at the lower concentrations, possess significant inhibitory effects against MPTP opening in the pancreas of male Wistar albino rats and, therefore, could be useful in protecting beta-cell death usually associated with diabetes mellitus, as well as other conditions in which MPTP opening is implicated.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44734796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Anadozie, O. Adewale, O. Akawa, J. Olayinka, O. Osukoya, Margaret M. Umanah, O. Olaoye, O. Oludoro
Introduction: Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels is rich in antioxidant activity and is known for its nutritional and medicinal uses. This study evaluated the protective effect of M. whitei fruit against cadmium-induced hepatic damage in rats. Methods: Twenty-five albino (Wistar strain) rats were randomly assigned into five equal groups. Rats in group I served as control, rats in group II were intoxicated with 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) for 5 days via an oral route, while groups III, IV, and V were respectively administered with 5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 for 5 days co-treated with 70 mg/kg b.w silymarin, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of aqueous fruit extract of M. whitei (AEMW) for 7 days. Results: Cadmium caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the concentration of cadmium in the liver as well as liver function markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. In addition, a significant (P<0.05) elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a reduction in the nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant status were noted in the CdCl2 -exposed rats; hepatic degeneration and congested portal area were also noted. These changes were, however, reduced in the cadmium-intoxicated rats co-treated with silymarin, 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg AEMW. Conclusion: Our result suggests that AEMW exerts protective effects against CdCl2 -induced hepatic damage in rats, and this might be due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plant capable of scavenging oxidative stress caused by cadmium.
{"title":"Protective effect of aqueous fruit extract of Mondia whitei against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","authors":"S. Anadozie, O. Adewale, O. Akawa, J. Olayinka, O. Osukoya, Margaret M. Umanah, O. Olaoye, O. Oludoro","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels is rich in antioxidant activity and is known for its nutritional and medicinal uses. This study evaluated the protective effect of M. whitei fruit against cadmium-induced hepatic damage in rats. Methods: Twenty-five albino (Wistar strain) rats were randomly assigned into five equal groups. Rats in group I served as control, rats in group II were intoxicated with 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) for 5 days via an oral route, while groups III, IV, and V were respectively administered with 5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 for 5 days co-treated with 70 mg/kg b.w silymarin, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of aqueous fruit extract of M. whitei (AEMW) for 7 days. Results: Cadmium caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the concentration of cadmium in the liver as well as liver function markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. In addition, a significant (P<0.05) elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a reduction in the nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant status were noted in the CdCl2 -exposed rats; hepatic degeneration and congested portal area were also noted. These changes were, however, reduced in the cadmium-intoxicated rats co-treated with silymarin, 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg AEMW. Conclusion: Our result suggests that AEMW exerts protective effects against CdCl2 -induced hepatic damage in rats, and this might be due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plant capable of scavenging oxidative stress caused by cadmium.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyedeh Fatemeh Hekmat Zadeh, M. Gharaghani, S. Nouripour‐Sisakht, D. Razmjoue
Introduction: Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for most fungal infections in humans. Secondary metabolites are known to be antimicrobial and antifungal agents. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Prangos ferulacea and P. uloptera essential oils and evaluate the sensitivity of four genera of Candida. Methods: After collecting plant samples, their essential oils were extracted by the distillation method, and their components were analyzed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify constituents. In total, 48 species of Candida isolated from clinical specimens were examined in this study. The antifungal activities of essential oils of P. ferulacea and P. uloptera were evaluated according to CLSI M27-A3 compared to fluconazole. Results: Out of the two tested plants, P. ferulacea had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida species. However, MIC of this plant against C. albicans isolates was higher than 0.121 μL/mL non-albicans species. Both plants were able to inhibit non- albicans species with MIC90 values of 0.0097 and 0.039 μL/mL. However, their MIC90 values were less than fluconazole against Candida isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that P. ferulacea and P. uloptera essential oils might be used as new antifungal agents.
{"title":"Chemical composition of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl., and Prangos uloptera DC. essential oils and their antifungal activities","authors":"Seyedeh Fatemeh Hekmat Zadeh, M. Gharaghani, S. Nouripour‐Sisakht, D. Razmjoue","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for most fungal infections in humans. Secondary metabolites are known to be antimicrobial and antifungal agents. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Prangos ferulacea and P. uloptera essential oils and evaluate the sensitivity of four genera of Candida. Methods: After collecting plant samples, their essential oils were extracted by the distillation method, and their components were analyzed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify constituents. In total, 48 species of Candida isolated from clinical specimens were examined in this study. The antifungal activities of essential oils of P. ferulacea and P. uloptera were evaluated according to CLSI M27-A3 compared to fluconazole. Results: Out of the two tested plants, P. ferulacea had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Candida species. However, MIC of this plant against C. albicans isolates was higher than 0.121 μL/mL non-albicans species. Both plants were able to inhibit non- albicans species with MIC90 values of 0.0097 and 0.039 μL/mL. However, their MIC90 values were less than fluconazole against Candida isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that P. ferulacea and P. uloptera essential oils might be used as new antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ezeigwe, D. Onwusulu, C. S. Adindu, C. Okani, M. E. Onuegbu
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common global cause of sudden unpredictable death if undiagnosed and untreated. Costus afer (Costaceae) is a tropical plant with quite a lot of pharmacological properties. This study investigated the prophylactic and antidiabetic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Acute toxicity (LD50) test was done using Lorke’s method. Haematological indices were determined using haematology autoanalyser. The biochemical assays were done using standard diagnostic methods. Results: The lethal dose was 3807.9 mg/kg. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the fasting blood glucose concentration from week one to week four in the group that was pre-treated and later post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer leaves compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the hematological parameters revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count of the group pretreated and treated with 200 mg/kg of the fraction compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the biochemical assays revealed a far much better recovery from the disruptions caused by the induction of experimental diabetes as seen in the groups that were initially pretreated with 100 and 200 mg/kg before the induction of diabetes compared with the groups treated with the same dose but without pretreatment. Conclusion: C. afer might be used for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Its safety is evidenced by its effects on the hematological and biochemical indices.
{"title":"Effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Costus afer on glycaemic control and essential haematological and biochemical indices of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"O. Ezeigwe, D. Onwusulu, C. S. Adindu, C. Okani, M. E. Onuegbu","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.66","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common global cause of sudden unpredictable death if undiagnosed and untreated. Costus afer (Costaceae) is a tropical plant with quite a lot of pharmacological properties. This study investigated the prophylactic and antidiabetic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Acute toxicity (LD50) test was done using Lorke’s method. Haematological indices were determined using haematology autoanalyser. The biochemical assays were done using standard diagnostic methods. Results: The lethal dose was 3807.9 mg/kg. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the fasting blood glucose concentration from week one to week four in the group that was pre-treated and later post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer leaves compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the hematological parameters revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count of the group pretreated and treated with 200 mg/kg of the fraction compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the biochemical assays revealed a far much better recovery from the disruptions caused by the induction of experimental diabetes as seen in the groups that were initially pretreated with 100 and 200 mg/kg before the induction of diabetes compared with the groups treated with the same dose but without pretreatment. Conclusion: C. afer might be used for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Its safety is evidenced by its effects on the hematological and biochemical indices.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Adeniran, A. Musyoki, L. Sethoga, M. Mogale, S. Gololo, L. J. Shai
Introduction: Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark is widely used for the treatment of many medical conditions. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The study, other than phytochemical composition, evaluated the anti-glycation and AGEs-protein cross-link breaking effects of S. birrea stem-bark extracts. Methods: Different S. birrea extracts and aminoguanidine (used as control) were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose/fructose at 37oC for 40 days. Amounts of fluorescent AGEs (FAGEs) and immunogenic AGEs formed were determined. Anti-glycation activity percentage of each extract and aminoguanidine was calculated. Their AGEs-protein cross-link breaking abilities were also assessed. Standard techniques were employed for phytochemical screening. Volatile compounds were identified by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: S. birrea stem-bark n-hexane extract was statistically more effective than aminoguanidine against the formation of total immunogenic AGEs (P<0.05). For FAGEs, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts exerted significantly higher anti-glycation effects than aminoguanidine (P<0.001). Methanol extract exhibited the highest anti-glycation effect with an average IC50 value of 0.142 mg/mL against FAGEs. All extracts were effective in releasing BSA from the preformed collagen-AGEs-BSA cross-links. GC-MS enabled the identification of many biologically important compounds, including campesterol, stigmasterol, and 1-heptatricontanol. Conclusion: S. birrea stem-bark has a potential for usage in the management of complications in uncontrolled glucose metabolism.
{"title":"Phytochemical profile, anti-glycation effect, and advanced glycation end-products protein cross-link breaking ability of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark crude extracts","authors":"O. Adeniran, A. Musyoki, L. Sethoga, M. Mogale, S. Gololo, L. J. Shai","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.61","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark is widely used for the treatment of many medical conditions. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The study, other than phytochemical composition, evaluated the anti-glycation and AGEs-protein cross-link breaking effects of S. birrea stem-bark extracts. Methods: Different S. birrea extracts and aminoguanidine (used as control) were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose/fructose at 37oC for 40 days. Amounts of fluorescent AGEs (FAGEs) and immunogenic AGEs formed were determined. Anti-glycation activity percentage of each extract and aminoguanidine was calculated. Their AGEs-protein cross-link breaking abilities were also assessed. Standard techniques were employed for phytochemical screening. Volatile compounds were identified by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: S. birrea stem-bark n-hexane extract was statistically more effective than aminoguanidine against the formation of total immunogenic AGEs (P<0.05). For FAGEs, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts exerted significantly higher anti-glycation effects than aminoguanidine (P<0.001). Methanol extract exhibited the highest anti-glycation effect with an average IC50 value of 0.142 mg/mL against FAGEs. All extracts were effective in releasing BSA from the preformed collagen-AGEs-BSA cross-links. GC-MS enabled the identification of many biologically important compounds, including campesterol, stigmasterol, and 1-heptatricontanol. Conclusion: S. birrea stem-bark has a potential for usage in the management of complications in uncontrolled glucose metabolism.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48806934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samir Bikri, Abdeljalil Talhaoui, Nada Fath, Asmae Hsaini, Hajar Benmhammed, A. Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh
Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate if insulin supplemented with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFC) improves chronic hyperglycemia-related behavioral changes by mitigating oxidative stress in diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). After diabetes confirmation, rats were treated with insulin supplemented with PFC and exposed to two unpredictable mild stressors per day for 12 weeks. Body weight changes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and corticosterone levels were evaluated. The behavioral tests were performed to evaluate anhedonia, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors. Twenty-four hours after behavioral tests, all rats were anesthetized, and the blood was collected for the analysis of lipid, hepatic, and renal parameters. Finally, the brain areas (striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex), pancreas, and adrenal glands were dissected for the analysis of oxidative stress markers. Results: The results of this study revealed that treatment with insulin supplemented with PFC for 12 weeks significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses (catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and reduced oxidative stress damage (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde [MDA]), especially in brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum) in stressed diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This combination also ameliorated the corticosterone level (P < 0.001) as well as glucose homeostasis (P < 0.001) and lipid parameters (P < 0.001), which are markedly altered in T1D associated with stress. Conclusion: The associated treatment possesses important anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in this rat model, which might be mainly mediated by its capacity to protect brain cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by T1DM and/or chronic stress.
{"title":"Insulin supplemented with phenolic fraction concentrates displays anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties with reductions of oxidative brain damage in chronically stressed diabetic rats","authors":"Samir Bikri, Abdeljalil Talhaoui, Nada Fath, Asmae Hsaini, Hajar Benmhammed, A. Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.65","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate if insulin supplemented with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFC) improves chronic hyperglycemia-related behavioral changes by mitigating oxidative stress in diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). After diabetes confirmation, rats were treated with insulin supplemented with PFC and exposed to two unpredictable mild stressors per day for 12 weeks. Body weight changes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and corticosterone levels were evaluated. The behavioral tests were performed to evaluate anhedonia, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors. Twenty-four hours after behavioral tests, all rats were anesthetized, and the blood was collected for the analysis of lipid, hepatic, and renal parameters. Finally, the brain areas (striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex), pancreas, and adrenal glands were dissected for the analysis of oxidative stress markers. Results: The results of this study revealed that treatment with insulin supplemented with PFC for 12 weeks significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses (catalase [CAT] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and reduced oxidative stress damage (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde [MDA]), especially in brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum) in stressed diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This combination also ameliorated the corticosterone level (P < 0.001) as well as glucose homeostasis (P < 0.001) and lipid parameters (P < 0.001), which are markedly altered in T1D associated with stress. Conclusion: The associated treatment possesses important anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in this rat model, which might be mainly mediated by its capacity to protect brain cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by T1DM and/or chronic stress.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Zaringiah (Dracocephalum kotschyi) is an Iranian endemic herbal plant naturally growing in the Isfahan and Khorasan provinces. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and immunomodulatory properties. So far, the effect of Zaringiah extract on contraction induced by histamine and serotonin (5-HT) has not been reported. The objective of this research was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum smooth muscle contractions induced by histamine and 5-HT. Methods: Khorasani variant of Zaringiah was used in this study. Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction, while hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by the maceration technique. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were obtained using a solvent in solvent extraction technique. Rabbit isolated ileum was set up in an organ bath filled with Tyrode’s solution. The effects of the above extracts were examined on contractions induced by histamine or 5-HT and compared with each other. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah inhibited the rabbit ileum contractions induced by histamine (IC50 = 76 ± 7.7 μg/mL) and 5-HT (IC50 = 60 ± 6.4 μg/mL), as well as spontaneous contractions (IC50 = 63 ± 15 μg/mL). The aqueous extract, as well as chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous, histamine, and 5-HT induced contractions. Conclusion: There was not a significant difference among the inhibitory actions of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum, indicating the distribution of active constituents in both polar and non-polar mediums.
{"title":"Antispasmodic effects of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum smooth muscle contractions","authors":"H. Sadraei, Mahsa Dastanian, A. Yegdaneh","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.60","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Zaringiah (Dracocephalum kotschyi) is an Iranian endemic herbal plant naturally growing in the Isfahan and Khorasan provinces. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and immunomodulatory properties. So far, the effect of Zaringiah extract on contraction induced by histamine and serotonin (5-HT) has not been reported. The objective of this research was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum smooth muscle contractions induced by histamine and 5-HT. Methods: Khorasani variant of Zaringiah was used in this study. Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction, while hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by the maceration technique. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were obtained using a solvent in solvent extraction technique. Rabbit isolated ileum was set up in an organ bath filled with Tyrode’s solution. The effects of the above extracts were examined on contractions induced by histamine or 5-HT and compared with each other. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah inhibited the rabbit ileum contractions induced by histamine (IC50 = 76 ± 7.7 μg/mL) and 5-HT (IC50 = 60 ± 6.4 μg/mL), as well as spontaneous contractions (IC50 = 63 ± 15 μg/mL). The aqueous extract, as well as chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous, histamine, and 5-HT induced contractions. Conclusion: There was not a significant difference among the inhibitory actions of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum, indicating the distribution of active constituents in both polar and non-polar mediums.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saman Nasiri, H. Mahmoudvand, M. Shakibaei, S. M. Mousavi, A. Sepahvand
Introduction: This work aimed to determine the antifungal effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) green synthesized by Lavandula angustifolia extract, alone and along with nystatin against Candida albicans. Methods: ZnNPs were green synthesized with L. angustifolia extract by microwaves method. Antifungal effects of ZnNPs were studied by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) using the broth microdilution method based on the modified M27-A3 protocol on yeasts, recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Effects of green synthesized ZnNPs against human normal fibroblast-like Gingiva (HGF1-PI1) and human epithelial-like oral cancer (KB) cell lines were studied by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Results: The ZnNPs showed a spherical shape with some grains of different lengths. The best levels of MIC and MFC were connected to the combination of ZnNPs + nystatin with values of 0.204 and 0.250 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of ZnNPs with nystatin compared to the nystatin group had a significantly better antifungal effect on C. albicans (P < 0.001). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of ZnNPs against normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 172.3 and 83.2 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: We found that ZnNPs plus nystatin had a potent antifungal effect against C. albicans. These findings indicated the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnNPs on cancerous cells, whereas they were nontoxic for normal cells. Additional studies are necessary to explain the accurate mechanism and toxicity.
{"title":"Antifungal effects of zinc nanoparticles green synthesized by Lavandula angustifolia extract, alone and combined with nystatin against Candida albicans, a major cause of oral candidiasis","authors":"Saman Nasiri, H. Mahmoudvand, M. Shakibaei, S. M. Mousavi, A. Sepahvand","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This work aimed to determine the antifungal effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) green synthesized by Lavandula angustifolia extract, alone and along with nystatin against Candida albicans. Methods: ZnNPs were green synthesized with L. angustifolia extract by microwaves method. Antifungal effects of ZnNPs were studied by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) using the broth microdilution method based on the modified M27-A3 protocol on yeasts, recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Effects of green synthesized ZnNPs against human normal fibroblast-like Gingiva (HGF1-PI1) and human epithelial-like oral cancer (KB) cell lines were studied by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Results: The ZnNPs showed a spherical shape with some grains of different lengths. The best levels of MIC and MFC were connected to the combination of ZnNPs + nystatin with values of 0.204 and 0.250 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of ZnNPs with nystatin compared to the nystatin group had a significantly better antifungal effect on C. albicans (P < 0.001). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of ZnNPs against normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 172.3 and 83.2 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: We found that ZnNPs plus nystatin had a potent antifungal effect against C. albicans. These findings indicated the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnNPs on cancerous cells, whereas they were nontoxic for normal cells. Additional studies are necessary to explain the accurate mechanism and toxicity.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41954295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samir Bikri, Nada Fath, Meriam El aboubi, Asmae Hsaini, Zakia Hindi, Hajar Benmhammed, A. Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh
Introduction: The present work aims to assess if insulin combined with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFCs) prevents diabetes-related cognitive impairments by controlling neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Directly after confirming the hyperglycemia, diabetic animals were treated with insulin combined with PFC and were exposed to 2 stressors/day for 12 weeks. Then, four cognitive tests were carried out to assess learning and memory performances. Finally, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis, and the brain regions viz. striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal-cortex of each hemisphere were dissected out for TNF-α analysis. Results: Both diabetes and stress could induce learning and memory impairments, which were more prominent in stressed diabetic animals, and significantly reversed by insulin treatment supplemented with PFC compared to the insulin monotherapy. Moreover, diabetic rats exposed to CMS displayed disturbances in glucose homeostasis as well as corticosterone secretion. These dysfunctions were linked to the significant increase of TNF-α in the blood as well as in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Insulin significantly ameliorated this inflammatory abnormality, while the supplemented treatment showed a significant effect, by stabilizing TNF-α to its normal levels in the hippocampus and in the blood when compared to insulin monotherapy. Conclusion: Insulin supplemented with PFC has a favorable effect over insulin alone on inflammatory aberrations linked with type 1 diabetes and stress in animals, confirming the preference of the combined treatment over insulin for the management of cognitive impairment in stressed diabetic subjects.
{"title":"Phenolic fraction concentrates supplementation ameliorates learning and memory impairments in chronically stressed streptozotocin-diabetic rats by reducing brain tumor necrosis factor-α","authors":"Samir Bikri, Nada Fath, Meriam El aboubi, Asmae Hsaini, Zakia Hindi, Hajar Benmhammed, A. Ahami, Y. Aboussaleh","doi":"10.34172/jhp.2022.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.68","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present work aims to assess if insulin combined with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFCs) prevents diabetes-related cognitive impairments by controlling neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Directly after confirming the hyperglycemia, diabetic animals were treated with insulin combined with PFC and were exposed to 2 stressors/day for 12 weeks. Then, four cognitive tests were carried out to assess learning and memory performances. Finally, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis, and the brain regions viz. striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal-cortex of each hemisphere were dissected out for TNF-α analysis. Results: Both diabetes and stress could induce learning and memory impairments, which were more prominent in stressed diabetic animals, and significantly reversed by insulin treatment supplemented with PFC compared to the insulin monotherapy. Moreover, diabetic rats exposed to CMS displayed disturbances in glucose homeostasis as well as corticosterone secretion. These dysfunctions were linked to the significant increase of TNF-α in the blood as well as in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Insulin significantly ameliorated this inflammatory abnormality, while the supplemented treatment showed a significant effect, by stabilizing TNF-α to its normal levels in the hippocampus and in the blood when compared to insulin monotherapy. Conclusion: Insulin supplemented with PFC has a favorable effect over insulin alone on inflammatory aberrations linked with type 1 diabetes and stress in animals, confirming the preference of the combined treatment over insulin for the management of cognitive impairment in stressed diabetic subjects.","PeriodicalId":15934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48058794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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