Journal of global antimicrobial resistance最新文献

{"title":"Multiplex PCR pneumonia panel compared to standard culture of respiratory specimens: Retrospective results from a transplant centre","authors":"Muhammad Sharjeel ,&nbsp;Memoona Irshad ,&nbsp;Azka Rizvi ,&nbsp;Altaf Ahmed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jan Leghari","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rapid identification of lower respiratory tract infection pathogens is critical for initiating early antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) in detecting respiratory pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at a transplant centre.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was a single-centre, retrospective analysis, completed at a tertiary care transplant centre. Data were included from 242 patients admitted with lower respiratory tract infection during a 24-month period. Respiratory specimens were analysed through BioFire PCR. Blood mPCR specimens were excluded (<em>n</em> = 44). Multiplex PCR results were compared with the gold standard of culture and sensitivity testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 198 patients were included in the study. The majority had a history of chronic hepatic or renal impairment (<em>n</em> = 95; 48%) or liver/kidney transplantation (<em>n</em> = 57; 28.8%). Chest imaging (<em>n</em> = 162) predominantly revealed pleural effusions (35.2%) and parenchymal infiltrates (28.4%). Most common sample types included sputum (<em>n</em> = 101; 51.0%) and tracheal aspirates (<em>n</em> = 93; 47.0%). Standard culture detected the following pathogens: 290 typical bacteria, 2 atypical organisms, and 95 viral detections. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (32.3%) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (28.8%) were most frequently identified. In <em>n</em> = 102 patients with corresponding culture results, mPCR had sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 59%, with 66.7% concordance between methods. Multiplex PCR and culture identified multiple bacterial species in 38 (37.3%) and 17 (16.7%) cases, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance gene analysis revealed high prevalence of CTX-M (30%), NDM (28%), and OXA-48-like (22%) mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiplex PCR pneumonia panel demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting respiratory pathogens but had limitations in its specificity when compared to culture methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145723937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into a multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131-H30 strain associated with a fatal healthcare-associated infection","authors":"Samara Sant’Anna de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Camille Alves Brito de Moura ,&nbsp;Kaylanne Montenegro ,&nbsp;Thereza Cristina da Costa Vianna ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Alves do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Gerson Gatto de Azeredo Coutinho ,&nbsp;Hosana Dau Ferreira de Souza ,&nbsp;Claudia Gladys Flores Sejas ,&nbsp;Alexander Machado Cardoso ,&nbsp;Kayo Bianco ,&nbsp;Maysa Mandetta Clementino","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) poses a significant public health challenge due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and severe infections. This study aimed to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and AMR mechanisms of a clinical UPEC strain associated with a fatal healthcare-associated infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on a multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC strain isolated from a pediatric patient by using an Illumina Miseq platform. The genome was assembled using Unicycler v0.4.8 and was annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). Genomic analysis included characterisation of the resistome, virulome, and phylogenetic profile using various bioinformatics tools such as ResFinder v4.7.2, VFDB, and PubMLST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The isolate has a genome with a size of 4,681,240 bp, a GC content of 50.60% and harbour seven plasmids. Genomic analysis revealed multiple genetic determinants contributing to a multidrug-resistant profile, including efflux systems, enzymatic target alterations, and antibiotic transporter modifications. Adhesin genes (fimH, afaA-D, lpfA, fdeC, csgA), hemolysins (hlyE, hlyF), iron acquisition systems (iucC, iutA, sitA), and genes related to antimicrobial peptide degradation (ompT, traJ) and colicin production (cma, cvaC) were identified. Resistance to heavy metals (tellurium, copper/silver, arsenic) was also detected. These findings characterise the isolate as a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant, and environmentally resilient emerging UPEC clone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the convergence of virulence, AMR, and environmental adaptability in an ST131-H30 UPEC strain. The findings underscore the critical need for comprehensive genomic surveillance, infection control strategies to mitigate the public health impact of MDR <em>E. coli.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145774901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of a novel high-risk ST5217/ExoU+/O11 clone of carbapenem-resistant OXA-181- and VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in India","authors":"Subhasree Roy ,&nbsp;Souvik Nandy ,&nbsp;Daichi Morita ,&nbsp;Ranjan Kumar Nandy ,&nbsp;Balaji Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Kamini Walia ,&nbsp;Santasabuj Das ,&nbsp;Sulagna Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Studies of carbapenem-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (CRPA)-harbouring OXA-48-like carbapenemases are rare. The study aimed to report the emergence and characterization of a novel high-risk clone of CRPA-harbouring OXA-48-like from India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Identification, AST, phenotypic detection of carbapenemases and WGS using Ion-Torrent-S5 platform were carried out. Analyses included ResFinder, VFDB, MLST, PAst, Phastest and CRISPR/Cas. SNP-based phylogenetic analysis with global OXA-48-like-harbouring CRPA genomes was carried out by CSI Phylogeny and iTOL for visualization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The clinical MDR strain of CRPA AMRIR00655 belonged to a novel sequence type ST5217 and serotype O11. Phenotypic tests followed by WGS revealed the presence of dual carbapenemases, OXA-181 (serine-carbapenemase) and VIM-2 (zinc-carbapenemase), both located on chromosome. <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 resides between chromosomal genes encoding RodZ and PAP2 in <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, confirming chromosomal integration<em>.</em>4,261 bp of <em>bla</em>_OXA-181-bearing contig-DNA showed 100% homology to <em>K. pneumoniae</em> plasmid pKP3-A. IS<em>Ecp1</em> was present on upstream and on downstream, △<em>lysR,</em> △<em>ereA</em> and <em>repA</em> genes were detected. <em>bla</em>_VIM-2 was located within class 1 integron along with <em>aacC6-II, dfrB5, aac(3)-Id, tniC</em> in surrounding regions and 13,242 bp showing 100% identity to <em>P. aeruginosa</em> chromosome. Presence of other ARGs (<em>bla</em>_PAO, <em>bla</em>_OXA-488, <em>aph(3′')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, crpP, catB7, fosA, sul2</em>) and efflux-pump genes might explain its MDR phenotype. Virulence factors including T3SS (PscF, PopB, PopD, PcrV) and its effectors (ExoT, ExoU, ExoY) indicated the pathogenic potential of ST5217. Core genome analysis showed that ST5217 was closest with other high-risk clones ST1339 and ST773-harbouring <em>bla</em>_OXA-48-like.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>bla</em>_OXA-181-harbouring novel high-risk clone of CRPA ST5217/ExoU+/O11 in India which emphasises the spread of OXA-181 among bacteria other than Enterobacteriaceae-family and warrant close monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 158-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative machine learning approaches with genomic data for predicting antitubercular drug resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rohan Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Kashmi Sharma ,&nbsp;Somesh Mishra ,&nbsp;Poonam Parihar ,&nbsp;Gobardhan Das ,&nbsp;Khushhali Menaria Pandey ,&nbsp;Anand Kumar Maurya ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Anamika Mishra ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kushwaha ,&nbsp;Rekha Khandia ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Singh Yadav ,&nbsp;Anvita Gupta Malhotra ,&nbsp;Amit Agrawal ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh ,&nbsp;Megha Katare Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of death, with drug-resistant TB threatening control gains worldwide Rapid, accurate prediction of resistance to first-line agents is essential to guide therapy.</div><div>The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms trained on genomic data for predicting phenotypic resistance to the antitubercular drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched 4 databases for original studies applying ML to whole-genome or targeted sequencing for resistance prediction against rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STM), and other routinely tested drugs. Random-effects meta-analyses (REML) pooled sensitivity and specificity; Area Under Curve (AUC) was meta-analysed after logit transformation. Publication bias was examined via funnel plots plus Egger’s and Begg’s tests with trim-and-fill adjustment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven eligible studies were included. Pooled performance was strongest for RIF and INH (RIF: sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.95; INH: sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.93). EMB and STM showed lower sensitivities despite reasonable AUCs. Forest plots for AUC (including logit scale), sensitivity, and specificity demonstrated drug-wise variation. Across studies, specificity (mean ≈ 0.92) exceeded sensitivity (mean ≈ 0.75). Bias diagnostics revealed marked funnel plot asymmetry; trim-and-fill imputation added 22, 29, and 23 studies for AUC, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, yielding adjusted pooled estimates of ∼0.89 (AUC), 0.70 (sensitivity), and 0.93 (specificity).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ML models trained on genomic data demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and robust discriminative ability for predicting first-line drug resistance—particularly for RIF and INH—although sensitivity remains variable across drugs and model types. Standardized external validation and calibration are needed before broad clinical deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prediction of antimicrobial resistance trends using statistical and machine learning models: Evaluating national action plan policy impacts through interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Linta Khalid ,&nbsp;Kashif Saleem ,&nbsp;Saima Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Iltaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Zamir Hussain ,&nbsp;Zainab Hussain ,&nbsp;Rehan Zafar Paracha ,&nbsp;Amjad Khan ,&nbsp;Jie Chang ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Imran Sajid","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health challenge, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the spread of AMR both across time and across different regions of the world.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed clinical isolates from 65 countries. A country-specific time-series forecasting (i.e. seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average-LSTM hybrid models) were performed for <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> in Argentina (2004–2030) as a case study to demonstrate model applicability for national-level prediction. Moreover, interrupted time series regression was applied to predict antibiotic-resistance trends and assess the global impact of national action plans.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Southeast Asia and Africa exhibited the highest AMR burdens, with Indonesia (0.65), Egypt (0.52), and Malawi (0.49) having the highest resistance scores. An income-based gradient was observed across key pathogens, third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant <em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>A. baumannii</em> were significantly more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Gender-wise analysis revealed significantly higher resistance rates in males across most antibiotics, especially levofloxacin. Age-stratified analyses revealed higher resistance in elderly populations, particularly to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams. Forecasting for <em>A. baumannii</em> in Argentina (2004–2030) indicated a continued upward resistance across β-lactam and fluoroquinolones, with LSTM achieving the lowest root mean square error across five antibiotics. The interrupted time series revealed a prenational action plan decline but no significant postimplementation change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a comprehensive data-driven framework to monitor and forecast AMR, evaluate policy interventions, and, hence, suggest targeted interventions and strategies for each income group and region, moving beyond the one-size-fits-all approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of vancomycin and other commonly used Antibiotics against clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium: Data from the antimicrobial testing leadership and surveillance (ATLAS) program from 2019 to 2023","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zheng ,&nbsp;Binwei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Enterococci are significant hospital pathogens, posing a serious global public health threat. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro susceptibility of enterococcal isolates to eight commonly used antibiotics and to explore cross-resistance patterns in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), including their heterogeneity across geographic regions, clinical wards, and infection sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing data from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program (2019–2023), this study analyzed 18,043 enterococcal isolates (12,007 <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and 6,036 <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>) from 59 countries across six continents. We assessed in vitro susceptibility to eight common antibiotics and evaluated VRE cross-resistance patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>: E. faecalis</em> showed susceptibility rates greater than 95% to ampicillin, daptomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. In contrast, <em>E. faecium</em> exhibited susceptibility greater than 90% only for linezolid and tigecycline. The vancomycin resistance rate in <em>E. faecium</em> was 25.4%, significantly higher than in <em>E. faecalis</em> (1.22%), with notable multidrug cross-resistance. Geographically, North America displayed the highest vancomycin resistance rate in <em>E. faecium</em> (53.25%), while Asia showed the highest linezolid resistance rate in this species (2.9%). ICU and non-pediatric patients generally exhibited higher resistance rates, and genitourinary specimens showed slightly higher resistance than those from other sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enterococcal resistance varies significantly across species, regions, and clinical environments. The extensive cross-resistance in VRE poses a major challenge to clinical treatment. Tigecycline and linezolid remain highly effective in vitro globally. To slow the spread of resistant strains, it is crucial to enhance resistance monitoring in high-risk regions and populations, while optimizing antibiotic usage strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 254-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of blaKPC-71 variant and loss of aerobactin-encoding genes (iucABCD-iutA) in ST11-K64 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae during ceftazidime–avibactam treatment","authors":"Fang-ling Du ,&nbsp;Dan-dan Wei ,&nbsp;Yong-qing Guo ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Yan-fang Mei ,&nbsp;Shan-shan Huang ,&nbsp;Qi-sen Huang ,&nbsp;Lin-Ping Fan ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the within-host evolutionary dynamics of resistance and virulence in carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> during ceftazidime-avibactam treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three <em>K. pneumoniae</em> strains were isolated from the sputum of the same patient. Broth microdilution method, whole-genome sequencing and genetic analysis were employed to clarify the dynamics and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. <em>Galleria mellonella</em> infection models were used to investigate the changes in virulence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study described the changes of three strains of ST11-K64 carbapenem-resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> associated with pulmonary infection in vivo. The transition from a ceftazidime-avibactam-susceptible but imipenem-resistant isolate (JXZRKP1) to a ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant but imipenem-susceptible isolate (JXZRKP2) was attributed to the transformation of the <em>bla</em>_KPC gene from <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 to <em>bla</em>_KPC-71 and upregulation of <em>bla</em>_KPC gene expression. Notably, the <em>bla</em>_KPC-71 enzyme exhibited a Ser182 duplication compared to the wild-type <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 carbapenemase. The <em>bla</em>_KPC gene of three strains was carried by the IS<em>26</em>-mediated tandem core structure IS<em>Kpn27</em>-<em>bla</em>_KPC-IS<em>1182</em> on an IncFII-type plasmid. Furthermore, in comparison with JXZRKP2, the virulence plasmid of JXZRKP3 lost the aerobactin-encoding genes (<em>iucABCD-iutA</em>), resulting in diminished virulence in <em>G. mellonella</em> infection models, but there was no significant difference(<em>P</em> &gt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We first discovered that the mutation from <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 to <em>bla</em>_KPC-71 leads to resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam, followed by the loss of the aerobactin-encoding gene (<em>iucABCD-iutA</em>) on the virulence plasmid in vivo. This study underscores the complexity of addressing carbapenem-resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First identification of a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas kurunegalensis clinical isolate co-carrying blaAFM-1 and blaIMP-1 in China","authors":"Shuwei Fan ,&nbsp;Yuzhuo Gong ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jingchao Shi ,&nbsp;Cong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic context and characterize chromosome co-carrying <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 and <em>bla</em>_IMP-1 in a multidrug-resistant <em>Pseudomonas kurunegalensis</em> (<em>P. kurunegalensis</em>) isolate obtained from human urine using whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This <em>P. kurunegalensis</em> isolate JC172 co-harbouring <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 and <em>bla</em>_IMP-1 underwent a comprehensive investigation that included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. To depict the evolutionary dynamics of <em>P. kurunegalensis</em> strains on a global scale, a phylogenetic tree was generated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of core genomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>JC172 was classified as <em>P. kurunegalensis</em> based on sequencing results and average nucleotide identity (ANI) assessments. This isolate was designated as ST114 and possesses a chromosome with 5 855 340 base pairs, exhibiting a GC content of 61.9%. Several resistance genes, including <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 and <em>bla</em>_IMP-1, <em>bla</em>_OXA-246 and <em>tmexC3D2-toprJ1</em> were identified on the chromosome. Genomic analysis revealed that <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 was situated within a core module of the <em>TnAs3</em>-<em>bla</em>_AFM-1 unit, which is bordered by class 1 integrons. This arrangement implies a significant potential for <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 dissemination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study revealed that <em>bla</em>_AFM-1 and <em>bla</em>_IMP-1, <em>bla</em>_OXA-246 and <em>tmexC3D2-toprJ1</em> were harboured by <em>P. kurunegalensis</em>. We suggested that ST114 <em>P. kurunegalensis</em> may serve as a reservoir for resistance genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 162-165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicentric evaluation of the MTS™ Synergy Application System for reliable antibiotic synergy testing in clinical laboratories","authors":"Edoardo Carretto ,&nbsp;Stefano Andreoni ,&nbsp;Richard Aschbacher ,&nbsp;Daniela Barbarini ,&nbsp;Simone Bramati ,&nbsp;Flavia Brovarone ,&nbsp;Claudio Farina ,&nbsp;Angela Papa ,&nbsp;Andrea Rocchetti ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Russello ,&nbsp;Vittorio Sambri ,&nbsp;Assunta Sartor ,&nbsp;Paolo Gaibani","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a major challenge for both clinicians and clinical microbiologists. There is an increasing need for user-friendly and reliable methods to assess the activity of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Although synergy testing provides valuable insights, conventional methods such as checkerboard assays and time-kill studies are labour-intensive, technically demanding, and difficult to standardize. This study evaluated the MTS™ SAS (MIC Test Strip – Synergy Application System, Liofilchem, Italy), a commercial gradient diffusion assay developed for antibiotic synergy testing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The performance of MTS™ SAS was evaluated in comparison with the checkerboard microdilution method, used as the reference standard. Nine antibiotic combinations were tested against ten different bacterial strains across 11 Italian hospitals. Inter-laboratory reproducibility and agreement with the reference method were analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The concordance between MIC test strips and the broth microdilution (BMD) method was 98.4%, with 1.6% showing discordant results – all within a 3-dilution range. Among 996 synergy determinations, MTS™ SAS demonstrated high reproducibility across all centers (96.7%), while only 3.3% of tests showed discordant synergy classifications (e.g., synergy vs. indifference). Comparison with the checkerboard method demonstrated an overall concordance of 96.2%, despite the absence of specific operator training at each site.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support MTS™ SAS as a practical and reliable alternative to conventional synergy testing methods, particularly suitable for routine clinical settings and laboratories lacking advanced microbiological expertise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 209-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica clinical isolate carrying blaOXA-181 from China","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaokun Fan ,&nbsp;Ying Fu ,&nbsp;Xi Li ,&nbsp;Meizhen Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgar.2025.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><em>Raoultella ornithinolytica</em>, a species within <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, is rarely multidrug-resistant. Here, we report a carbapenem-resistant <em>R. ornithinolytica</em> carrying <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 and elucidate its genomic characteristics for the first time in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and hybrid whole-genome sequencing were conducted on the <em>R. ornithinolytica</em> strain CRRAO31010. Comprehensive in silico analyses of virulence determinants, resistance genes, and their genetic contexts were performed. Conjugation experiments were conducted with <em>Escherichia coli</em> J53 as the recipient to assess the transferability of <em>bla</em>_OXA-181. In addition, we combined our isolate with 56 <em>R. ornithinolytica</em> strains bearing the <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 gene retrieved from the NCBI database for phylogenetic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>R. ornithinolytica</em> strain CRRAO31010 is a carbapenem-resistant strain characterized by its production of the OXA-181 enzyme, which confers resistance to multiple antibiotics. WGS revealed 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in CRRAO31010, including <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 carried on a ColKP3-IncX3 hybrid plasmid. This plasmid was conjugated into <em>E. coli</em> J53 with a conjugation frequency of approximately 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ per donor cell. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the earliest <em>R. ornithinolytica</em> strain carrying the <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 gene was detected in the United Kingdom in 2019. The United States had the highest number of OXA-181-carrying <em>R. ornithinolytica strains</em>. Notably, IncX3-type plasmids had the highest prevalence (96.49%, 55/57) among these isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We report the first carbapenem-resistant <em>R. ornithinolytica</em> strain harbouring the <em>bla</em>_OXA-181 gene on a ColKP3-IncX3 hybrid plasmid from China. Given the high conjugative potential of IncX3 plasmids, vigilance is required to monitor the dissemination of such resistance determinants within <em>R. ornithinolytica</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}