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The Concept of Concealment and its Effects on the Society in the light of Sunnah (A Subjective Study) 圣训视野下的隐蔽性概念及其对社会的影响(主观研究)
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0721
R. Nassar
This research includes a selection of Hadiths from the Prophet’s Sunnah dealing with concealment (of disadvantages), the concept of concealment, how Islam preserves man’s honor, and is the forerunner in spreading virtue in the Muslim community. The research details the merits of those who conceal (disadvantages) for their Muslim brothers and their implications.  
本研究包括先知圣训中的圣训精选,涉及隐藏(缺点),隐藏的概念,伊斯兰教如何维护人的荣誉,以及在穆斯林社区传播美德的先驱。这项研究详细说明了那些为穆斯林兄弟隐瞒(缺点)的人的优点及其影响。
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引用次数: 0
Theological Intercession according to Christians (An Analytical Study) 基督徒的神学代祷(分析研究)
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0641
Mohammed Mustafa Al-Jadi
This research is about the doctrine of the theological intercession of Christians whereby the meaning of mediation has been referred to and prayers have been requested to help those in need. The historical context of the theological intercession is thus explained beginning from primitive people through pagans to Jews and Christians. The conditions of the intercession of atonement were agreed upon from the necessity of believing in the righteousness of Christ, the giving of his blood, and the connection with the permanence of life, to gain his intercession, Then these types of theological intercession were mentioned as the Catholics, Protestants, and their respective denominations agreed on the penitential intercession, Protestants rejected the other intercessions proven by the Catholics, the intercession of the Holy Spirit, the saints, and the angels. These intercessions were evaluated by the Christians themselves later from Islāmic perspective too. Among the most prominent errors: Defective understanding of theological intercession, the creation of unconfirmed intercessions of Christ, and their contradiction to the concept of monotheism are discussed here in this article.
本研究是关于基督教神学代祷的教义,其中提到了调解的意义,并要求祈祷以帮助那些有需要的人。神学代祷的历史背景是这样解释的,从原始的人通过异教徒到犹太人和基督徒。赎罪代祷的条件是一致的,从相信基督的义的必要性,他的血的奉献,以及与生命的永恒的联系,来获得他的代祷,然后这些类型的神学代祷被提到,因为天主教徒,新教徒和他们各自的教派都同意悔罪代祷,新教徒拒绝了天主教徒证明的其他代祷,圣灵、圣徒和天使的代祷。这些代祷后来也被基督徒自己从Islāmic的角度来评价。其中最突出的错误:有缺陷的理解神学代祷,创造未经证实的基督的代祷,和他们的矛盾,一神教的概念,在这篇文章中讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Historical background of Polygamy and its significance in Modern World (Research study in the light of comparative religion and historical evidences) 一夫多妻制的历史背景及其在现代世界的意义(基于比较宗教和历史证据的研究)
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0716
Hafiz Muhammad Sani, Abida Shams, Bakht Shaid
Polygamy is not introduced by Islam and neither does it promote sexuality. There are evidences that favour polygamy in different religions and nations before Islam, many Prophets have acceded to this. Judisum, Chraistianity and Islam: the three major religions permit polygamy, although the polygamy before Islam was based on injustice. Islam permits polygamy in a natural way and therefore frames rules and regulations for polygamy. More than four wives are not allowed simultaneously for a Muslim man. Justice and equality between wives is the primary condition for polygamy in Islam. It seems to resolve many social issues like women are more numerous than men hence it curbs moral licentiousness/adultery incidents in any society. This article deals with polygamy and its significance in any given society
一夫多妻制不是伊斯兰教引入的,也不提倡性行为。有证据表明,在伊斯兰教之前,不同的宗教和国家都赞成一夫多妻制,许多先知都同意这一点。犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教:三大宗教都允许一夫多妻制,尽管伊斯兰教之前的一夫多妻制是基于不公正的。伊斯兰教允许一夫多妻是一种自然的方式,因此为一夫多妻制定了规则和条例。穆斯林男子不允许同时拥有四个以上的妻子。在伊斯兰教中,妻子之间的公正和平等是一夫多妻制的基本条件。它似乎解决了许多社会问题,比如女性比男性多,因此它限制了任何社会的道德放荡/通奸事件。这篇文章讨论了一夫多妻制及其在任何特定社会中的意义
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of the Words of Common Meanings In the Quran & Sunnah and their Effects on the Shariah Texts 《古兰经》与《圣训》中常义词的比较及其对伊斯兰教法文本的影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0718
Syed Janan Orakzai, Mubarak Shah
This research paper provides a general overview of the rationalization/interpretation of Shari’s texts in Islamic jurisprudence as words may have multiple meanings that has led to different interpretations between the Companions and later jurists. Therefore, the scholars feel the need to determine the appropriate meaning so they categorized the words into Nas, Muffaser, Muhkam, Mutashbih and Muawwal etc. The purpose of this categorization is to deduce a single definite meaning from these commonly used words. So the eminent researchers have discussed tawil, importance, conditions, various types and examples of retionlaziton in latter portions of the study.  
本研究论文提供了伊斯兰法学中对沙里教法文本的合理化/解释的总体概述,因为单词可能有多种含义,这导致了同伴和后来的法学家之间的不同解释。因此,学者们认为有必要确定适当的含义,因此他们将这些词分为Nas, Muffaser, Muhkam, Mutashbih和Muawwal等。这种分类的目的是从这些常用的词中推断出一个明确的意思。因此,杰出的研究人员在研究的后面部分讨论了重新定位的意义、重要性、条件、各种类型和例子。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Punishments and Its role in the Establishment of Social Justice 伊斯兰教的刑罚及其在建立社会正义中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0687
Safiullah Wakeel
Islamic law/ Shari'ah has come to establish social justice, achieve public security in societies, and preserve the five necessities and the general interests of the nation. Allah Almighty (Subhanawataala) has prescribed Shari'ah penalties , the punishment for perpetrators of crimes that contravene the commands and prohibitions of Allah Almighty. Thus security, safety, reassurance and  stability prevail in the State. The establishment of these punishments will also be a deterrent to the perpetrators from repeating such crimes again , and a lesson  to the general public that these fair penalties take away chaos and corruption. thus achieving public security and preventing destruction and devastation in Islamic societies.
伊斯兰教法具有确立社会正义、实现社会公共安全、维护国家五项基本需要和普遍利益的作用。全能的安拉(Subhanawataala)规定了伊斯兰教法的惩罚,这是对违反全能的安拉的命令和禁令的罪犯的惩罚。因此,安全、保障、保证和稳定在该国普遍存在。这些惩罚的建立也将对犯罪者再次犯下此类罪行起到威慑作用,并向公众提供一个教训,即这些公平的惩罚可以消除混乱和腐败。从而实现公共安全,防止伊斯兰社会遭到破坏和破坏。
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引用次数: 0
History of Jirga Laws in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Do Islamic Law and Jirga Laws had the same Historical Jurisprudential Approach? 开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省支尔格法的历史——伊斯兰法和支尔格法是否具有相同的历史法学方法?
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0592
Lutfullah Saqib, Rasheed Ahmad Faizy
Jirga, a historical legal antique has been an informal adjudication of Pakhtūns. In the present research endeavor conventional Jirga and its various facets had been critically examined from Sharī’ah perspective i.e. whether such Jirga and its procedure is based on Islamic law or not. Jarga bears a very close resemblance in terms of structure and procedure with Qad̝ā and Taḥkīm. Jirga has been simple with no binding implementation. Since 18th century and on-wards, Jirga has evolved into an informal institution of dispute resolution. The criterion for Jirga-Mārān, and Qād̝ī or Ḥākim, astonishingly, have been identical. Besides the free consent, justice dispenser (Jarga-Mār/Qād̝ī or Ḥākim) was supposed not be relative or party (himself) in the matter at all. The fuqahā, both classical and contemporary, have discussed the intermediation through Jirga. This study focuses on compliance and non-compliance of Jirga to Qad̝ā.
支尔格会议,一个历史悠久的法律古董一直是一个非正式的裁决Pakhtūns。在目前的研究努力中,传统支尔格会议及其各个方面从shari ' ah的角度进行了批判性的考察,即这种支尔格会议及其程序是否基于伊斯兰法律。Jarga在结构和程序上与Qad æ r ā和Taḥkīm非常相似。支尔格会议一直很简单,没有约束性的执行。自18世纪以来,支尔格会议已发展成为解决争端的非正式机构。令人惊讶的是,Jirga-Mārān和Qād æ r æ or Ḥākim的标准是相同的。除了自由同意之外,司法分施者(Jarga-Mār/Qād æ r æ or Ḥākim)也不应该是本案的亲属或当事人(他自己)。古典和当代的富卡哈都讨论过支尔格的调解。本研究的重点是支尔格对Qad ā r ā的遵守和不遵守。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal Structure in the Novel “The Killer of Hamza (Qaatil Hamza)” by Najeeb Gillani 纳吉布·吉拉尼小说《杀死哈姆扎的凶手》的时间结构
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0515
R. Naz, Yaqoob Khan Marwat
Temporal Structure is an essential element of the narrative works as well as a component of narratives. It has become a prominent issue in literary criticism in 20th century. Because time structure plays an enormously important role in the construction of story/novel, the other elements of the novel/story cannot be viewed without temporal space. It is temporal space/structure on which the events of the story are based and rhythm, flow and continuity of the story can be maintained by temporal space. Events cannot exist out of the temporal structure of the story. This study deals with the temporal structure and its role in the novel “Killer of Hamza” by Najeeb Gillani and attempts to reveal the method of constructing time in the novel by standing on temporal order and temporal paradoxes both types of retrieval and anticipation, as well as the structure of the rhythm of time such as the technique of speeding narration with its movements (The dialogue scene, the descriptive position) and the frequency of the three types (solitary, repetitive, author).  In addition, the study concludes the discussion based on the findings.
时间结构是叙事作品的重要组成部分,也是叙事的重要组成部分。它已成为20世纪文学批评中的一个突出问题。因为时间结构在故事/小说的建构中起着极其重要的作用,所以小说/故事的其他要素离不开时间空间。故事事件的基础是时间空间/结构,故事的节奏、流程和连续性可以通过时间空间来维持。事件不能脱离故事的时间结构而存在。本研究涉及颞结构及其在小说中“哈姆萨的杀手”的角色Najeeb Gillani并试图揭示的方法构建时间的小说中,站在时间的顺序和时间悖论这两种类型的检索和期待,以及时间的节奏的结构如超速叙述其运动的技术(对话场景,描述性的位置)和三种类型的频率(孤独的、重复的、作者)。此外,研究总结了基于研究结果的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Minorities Rights in Islamic Laws and United Nations Convention of Minorties (A Comparative Study) 伊斯兰法律中的少数民族权利与联合国少数民族公约(比较研究)
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0565
M. Muddasar, R. Saeed
Islam seeks to establish such a society where all citizens of the state enjoy equal rights and religion does not become the basis for any discrimination. Islamic law holds both Muslims and non-Muslims equal and no superiority or privilege is given to the Muslims on any ground. It is the fundamental principle of Islamic law that it enjoins the similar rights and duties on both Muslim and non-Muslimcitizens without any discrimination. Islam ordains people to worship Allah Almighty but it does not coerce followers of other religions to accept Islam and change their creed. The United Nations recognize that minority rights are essential to protect those who wish to preserve and develop values and practices which they share with other members of their community. The United Nations has gradually developed a number of norms, procedures and mechanisms concerned with minority issues, and the 1992 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities was approved as the fundamental instrument that guides  nations twrods minrties rights. In this article the effort were mad to compare the UN charter of minority rights. The comparative and analytical research methodology was adopted in this research. It is perceived from the study that the UN charter and Islamic law has some similarities about minority rights because it seems basic teachings of this charter of Minorities has been driven from Islamic Law. It is recommended that laws are good but there is need to improve and set practical actions to ensure minorities rights in member countries.
伊斯兰教寻求建立这样一个社会,在这个社会中,国家的所有公民都享有平等的权利,宗教不成为任何歧视的基础。伊斯兰法律认为穆斯林和非穆斯林是平等的,没有任何理由给予穆斯林优越或特权。穆斯林和非穆斯林公民享有同等的权利和义务,不受任何歧视,这是伊斯兰法律的基本原则。伊斯兰教规定人们崇拜全能的安拉,但它并没有强迫其他宗教的信徒接受伊斯兰教并改变他们的信仰。联合国认识到,少数人的权利对于保护那些希望保持和发展他们与社区其他成员共享的价值观和做法的人至关重要。联合国已经逐步制定了一些关于少数群体问题的规范、程序和机制,1992年《联合国关于在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的人的权利宣言》被核可为指导各国处理少数群体权利的基本文书。在这篇文章中,对联合国少数民族权利宪章进行比较的努力是疯狂的。本研究采用比较分析的研究方法。从研究中可以看出,联合国宪章和伊斯兰教法在少数民族权利方面有一些相似之处,因为少数民族宪章的基本教义似乎是从伊斯兰教法中派生出来的。建议法律是好的,但需要改进和制定实际行动,以确保成员国的少数民族权利。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis Of Access To Information And Legal Rights And Effectiveness Of Drc 信息获取与刚果民主共和国法律权利与效力分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0742
Muhammad Asad Jan, Bushra Hasan Jan
The present study aims to analyze the respondent’s perception regarding dispute resolution council’s effectiveness in rural areas of district Mardan-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan. The main objective of the research is to measure the association between awareness regarding DRC and legal rights and DRC effectiveness in the study area. Awareness regarding DRC and legal rights helps illiterate persons to a greater extent than the literate ones . The study suggests policy interventions for government to take part in the creation of awareness among general masses regarding the positive features of DRC. Up-gradation of DRC as an institute with professional, cultural knowledge and skills is required with an integrated drive for effectiveness of DRC through coordination with different stakeholders like community, police, district/tehsil administration, DRC members and locally elected representative etc.
本研究旨在分析受访者对争议解决委员会在马尔丹-开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦(KP)-巴基斯坦农村地区有效性的看法。本研究的主要目的是衡量在研究区域内对刚果民主共和国和法律权利的认识与刚果民主共和国有效性之间的关系。对刚果民主共和国和法律权利的认识对文盲的帮助比识字的人更大。该研究建议政府采取政策干预措施,参与提高大众对刚果民主共和国积极特征的认识。刚果民主共和国作为一个具有专业、文化知识和技能的机构,需要通过与社区、警察、地区/乡镇行政部门、刚果民主共和国成员和地方选举代表等不同利益攸关方的协调,提高刚果民主共和国的效率。
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引用次数: 0
The Islamic and Legal Status of Tormented Archaeological Monuments in the Contemporary Perspective 当代视角下受折磨考古遗迹的伊斯兰和法律地位
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.37556/al-idah.039.01.0349
M. Ibrahim, Abdul Saboor, Muhammad Ikram Ullah
Archeology deals with the common inheritance of human beings. Among those historical antiques, these are such records which remind us of those nations who were condemned due to their disobedience to Divine instructions. The purpose of preserving such sites as per Divine Scheme, was to make them lessons for the upcoming generations. More recently such trends have emerged where these sites have been made places of recreation. As a reaction to this trend, another approach within religious thought has emerged that instructs for complete elimination of such sites in order to discourage tourist activities at such places. This article takes a moderate path and tries to highlight the real teachings of Islam about such sites.  
考古学研究的是人类的共同遗产。在这些历史古物中,这些记录使我们想起那些因不服从神的指示而被定罪的国家。根据神圣计划,保存这些遗址的目的是为下一代提供教训。最近出现了这样的趋势,这些地点已成为娱乐场所。作为对这一趋势的反应,宗教思想中出现了另一种方法,即指示彻底消除这些遗址,以阻止在这些地方的旅游活动。这篇文章采取了一种温和的方式,并试图强调伊斯兰教对这些网站的真正教义。
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引用次数: 0
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