Abstract Postharvest chilling injury is a physiological disorder detrimental to produce quality and shelf-life. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is susceptible to postharvest chilling injury at temperatures below 12 °C, manifesting as leaf lesions and discoloration. Melatonin, a growth regulator, has reduced postharvest chilling injury severity in produce, but its effect on basil is unknown. Here, we evaluated the impact of an exogenous preharvest melatonin application at 400 μM on basil leaves stored at 3.5 °C for 12 days. Visual parameters, including objective color descriptors, chilling injury index, and damaged surface area, as well as biochemical (total soluble solids, malondialdehyde, and total polyphenol content) and physiological (electrolyte leakage and fresh weight loss) markers for cold stress, were assessed. Melatonin-treated leaves showed reduced symptoms (15–22%) relative to the untreated control after cold storage. The biochemical and physiological parameters displayed subtle changes between treatments after storage. However, melatonin induced alterations before storage (70–90%), suggesting it acted as a stressor.
{"title":"Influence of a Preharvest Melatonin Application on Postharvest Chilling Injury in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)","authors":"Karin Albornoz, Rodrigo Rosas, María D. López","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Postharvest chilling injury is a physiological disorder detrimental to produce quality and shelf-life. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is susceptible to postharvest chilling injury at temperatures below 12 °C, manifesting as leaf lesions and discoloration. Melatonin, a growth regulator, has reduced postharvest chilling injury severity in produce, but its effect on basil is unknown. Here, we evaluated the impact of an exogenous preharvest melatonin application at 400 μM on basil leaves stored at 3.5 °C for 12 days. Visual parameters, including objective color descriptors, chilling injury index, and damaged surface area, as well as biochemical (total soluble solids, malondialdehyde, and total polyphenol content) and physiological (electrolyte leakage and fresh weight loss) markers for cold stress, were assessed. Melatonin-treated leaves showed reduced symptoms (15–22%) relative to the untreated control after cold storage. The biochemical and physiological parameters displayed subtle changes between treatments after storage. However, melatonin induced alterations before storage (70–90%), suggesting it acted as a stressor.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Broccoli is a typical wet-sensitive vegetable. Precipitation levels in Japan have been unusually high recently, so the wet tolerance of broccoli is of great interest to farmers. The purpose of this study is to gather basic information to help with broccoli cultivation in unusually wet conditions by investigating the varying responses of different cultivars to wet conditions. In two-year pot experiments, the early stage of broccoli growth was compared using on cultivars that exhibit unique characteristics in terms of tolerance to wet conditions, and differences in yield were also confirmed during the harvest season in a field experiment. Broccoli plants subjected to three days of waterlogging treatment exhibited wilting, yellowing and reduced biomass. Significant interactions between treatment and cultivar were also detected for biomass, water content, and photosynthetic ability. The ‘Shigemori’ cultivar showed less susceptibility to wet damage compared to the other cultivars. The trend could be observed in the head yield in the field experiment. The unique cultivars shown in this study may be helpful in broccoli cultivation and may be suitable for use as parent material in breeding. Furthermore, a short-term pot experiment can help evaluate broccoli wet tolerance during the early growth.
{"title":"Varietal Differences in Wet Damage of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Under Waterlogging Conditions","authors":"Ryo Hara, Y. Jitsuyama, Takashi Suzuki","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Broccoli is a typical wet-sensitive vegetable. Precipitation levels in Japan have been unusually high recently, so the wet tolerance of broccoli is of great interest to farmers. The purpose of this study is to gather basic information to help with broccoli cultivation in unusually wet conditions by investigating the varying responses of different cultivars to wet conditions. In two-year pot experiments, the early stage of broccoli growth was compared using on cultivars that exhibit unique characteristics in terms of tolerance to wet conditions, and differences in yield were also confirmed during the harvest season in a field experiment. Broccoli plants subjected to three days of waterlogging treatment exhibited wilting, yellowing and reduced biomass. Significant interactions between treatment and cultivar were also detected for biomass, water content, and photosynthetic ability. The ‘Shigemori’ cultivar showed less susceptibility to wet damage compared to the other cultivars. The trend could be observed in the head yield in the field experiment. The unique cultivars shown in this study may be helpful in broccoli cultivation and may be suitable for use as parent material in breeding. Furthermore, a short-term pot experiment can help evaluate broccoli wet tolerance during the early growth.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. K. Olufemi-salami, Joseph A. Adeyemi, J. Akinneye
Abstract Synthetic and natural insecticides have successfully controlled the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hübner). However, little is known about how Indian meal moth reacts in a stressed environment caused by synthetic and botanical insecticides. Therefore, this study compared the effects of dichlorvos (DDVP) and ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) rhizome extract oil on larval and adult mortality, hatchability and adult emergence, and on neurotransmitters and digestive enzymes of Indian meal moth under laboratory conditions of 75 ± 5% relative humidity and 25 ± 5 °C. The insects were exposed to different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% of dichlorvos and ginger extract oil for 96 h. Ginger rhizome extract oil caused 100% mortality in newly emerged adult Indian meal moths within 96 h at all concentrations. DDVP and ginger extract oil were ineffective against the third instar larval stage of the Indian meal moth, at varying concentrations that caused adult mortality. DDVP and ginger rhizome extract oil significantly affected digestive enzymes and acetylcholinesterase activities at lethal concentrations used in treatment. Protease activity was significantly increased in larvae exposed to extract oil than DDVP. Acetylcholinesterase activities in the adult insects exposed to maize grains treated with DDVP were higher than those exposed to maize treated with ginger extract oil. DDVP and the ginger extract oil have significant effects on the digestive enzymes. Nevertheless, ginger extract oil increased larval protease activity more than DDVP.
人工合成和天然杀虫剂对印度粉蛾(Plodia interpunctella h bner)的防治效果良好。然而，人们对印度粉蛾在由合成和植物杀虫剂引起的压力环境中如何反应知之甚少。因此，本研究在相对湿度为75±5%、温度为25±5℃的实验室条件下，比较敌敌畏(DDVP)和生姜(Zingiber officinale L.)根茎提取物油对印度粉蛾幼虫和成虫死亡率、孵化率和羽化率以及神经递质和消化酶的影响。以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5%浓度的敌敌畏和姜提取物油分别处理96 h，姜提取物油在96 h内对新出的印度粉蛾成虫死亡率均为100%。敌敌畏和姜提取物油在不同浓度下对印度粉蛾3龄幼虫期无效，导致成虫死亡。在致死浓度下，DDVP和姜提取物油显著影响消化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。与敌敌畏相比，浸提油显著提高了幼虫的蛋白酶活性。用敌敌畏处理玉米籽粒的成虫乙酰胆碱酯酶活性高于用姜浸出油处理的成虫。DDVP和姜提取物油对消化酶有显著影响。而生姜提取物油对幼虫蛋白酶活性的促进作用大于敌敌畏。
{"title":"Comparative Effect of Dichlorvos and Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) On the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella hübner) Feeding on Zea mays Grains","authors":"F. K. Olufemi-salami, Joseph A. Adeyemi, J. Akinneye","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic and natural insecticides have successfully controlled the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hübner). However, little is known about how Indian meal moth reacts in a stressed environment caused by synthetic and botanical insecticides. Therefore, this study compared the effects of dichlorvos (DDVP) and ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) rhizome extract oil on larval and adult mortality, hatchability and adult emergence, and on neurotransmitters and digestive enzymes of Indian meal moth under laboratory conditions of 75 ± 5% relative humidity and 25 ± 5 °C. The insects were exposed to different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% of dichlorvos and ginger extract oil for 96 h. Ginger rhizome extract oil caused 100% mortality in newly emerged adult Indian meal moths within 96 h at all concentrations. DDVP and ginger extract oil were ineffective against the third instar larval stage of the Indian meal moth, at varying concentrations that caused adult mortality. DDVP and ginger rhizome extract oil significantly affected digestive enzymes and acetylcholinesterase activities at lethal concentrations used in treatment. Protease activity was significantly increased in larvae exposed to extract oil than DDVP. Acetylcholinesterase activities in the adult insects exposed to maize grains treated with DDVP were higher than those exposed to maize treated with ginger extract oil. DDVP and the ginger extract oil have significant effects on the digestive enzymes. Nevertheless, ginger extract oil increased larval protease activity more than DDVP.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chaploutskyi, O. Polunina, Inna Kucher, Bohdan Chetskyi, Vitalii Borysenko, Oleksandr Zabolotny
Abstract The apple tree is the most common fruit crop in the temperate climate zone. Modern intensive fruit cultivation involves the use of new, highly productive cultivars and cultivation technologies, thanks to the creation of small crown shapes with an increased number of trees per hectare. Reducing planting patterns and creating more dense plantation systems can significantly improve their yields. However, the limiting factor that can reduce tree productivity and deteriorate fruit quality is the degree of crown illumination. Ensuring even access of sunlight to all parts of the crown is the main task in the formation and pruning trees. The study aimed to determine the effect of crown pruning at BBCH 0 (winter) and BBCH 74 (early summer) and various types of crown formation on the growth activity and productivity of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees. A significant decrease (20%) in the number of newly formed shoots in the form of the French axis crown compared to the ballerina and slender spindle crowns was found. However, their length and total growth were significantly higher. The formation of the ballerina crown (with the removal of overgrown wood in the 25 cm zone on the central conductor above the lower tier of semi-cross-branched branches) contributed to a decrease in shoot length and total growth. The introduction of crown pruning in the summer also improved crown illumination – shoot length decreased by 17% and total growth by 12%. Specific productivity per bole cross-section and total shoot length was the highest in ballerina crown trees, followed by trees with a slender spindle crown, and trees pruned in winter and summer.
{"title":"The Growth Activity and Productivity of Apple Trees Depending on the Form of the Crown and the Time of Pruning","authors":"A. Chaploutskyi, O. Polunina, Inna Kucher, Bohdan Chetskyi, Vitalii Borysenko, Oleksandr Zabolotny","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The apple tree is the most common fruit crop in the temperate climate zone. Modern intensive fruit cultivation involves the use of new, highly productive cultivars and cultivation technologies, thanks to the creation of small crown shapes with an increased number of trees per hectare. Reducing planting patterns and creating more dense plantation systems can significantly improve their yields. However, the limiting factor that can reduce tree productivity and deteriorate fruit quality is the degree of crown illumination. Ensuring even access of sunlight to all parts of the crown is the main task in the formation and pruning trees. The study aimed to determine the effect of crown pruning at BBCH 0 (winter) and BBCH 74 (early summer) and various types of crown formation on the growth activity and productivity of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees. A significant decrease (20%) in the number of newly formed shoots in the form of the French axis crown compared to the ballerina and slender spindle crowns was found. However, their length and total growth were significantly higher. The formation of the ballerina crown (with the removal of overgrown wood in the 25 cm zone on the central conductor above the lower tier of semi-cross-branched branches) contributed to a decrease in shoot length and total growth. The introduction of crown pruning in the summer also improved crown illumination – shoot length decreased by 17% and total growth by 12%. Specific productivity per bole cross-section and total shoot length was the highest in ballerina crown trees, followed by trees with a slender spindle crown, and trees pruned in winter and summer.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Mango is a well-known tropical climacteric fruit that decays rapidly. Thus, a postharvest management strategy utilizing natural and biodegradable materials is necessary to minimize crop losses. The study evaluated the coating effects of A. vera gel with chitosan and coconut oil on postharvest features and mango shelf life throughout 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Fruits were treated with the following six coatings: control (distilled water), 1.5% chitosan solution (CH) (w/v), Aloe vera gel (AV) (1 : 1, v/v), coconut oil (CO) (1 : 1, v/v), 1.5% chitosan solution + A. vera gel (CH + AV) (1 : 1, v/v), and coconut oil + A. vera gel (CO + AV) (1 : 1, v/v). The findings showed that the coating with A. vera gel and chitosan significantly decreased decay, weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production compared to control. This coating improved fruit quality indicators like acidity, total soluble solids, pH, fruit firmness, and ascorbic acid content. Additionally, the phenol content and antioxidant activity decreased slightly during storage, while the control fruits demonstrated a rapid decrease in phenol content and antioxidant activity. Coated fruits significantly reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, whereas control fruits had the lowest catalase and peroxidase activity throughout the storage period. Coated fruit skin showed higher L* and b* values than the control fruits throughout storage. These findings suggested that A. vera gel with chitosan coating might preserve bioactive components and postharvest ‘Haribhanga’ mango fruit quality under ambient storage.
{"title":"Changes of Postharvest Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Enzymes in ‘Haribhanga’ Mango by Aloe vera Gel with Chitosan and Coconut Oil Coating During Ambient Storage","authors":"Lajina Begum, Maruf Ahmed, Atikur Rahman, Hassanur Rahman, Sadia Arfin, Nazmin Akter, Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mango is a well-known tropical climacteric fruit that decays rapidly. Thus, a postharvest management strategy utilizing natural and biodegradable materials is necessary to minimize crop losses. The study evaluated the coating effects of A. vera gel with chitosan and coconut oil on postharvest features and mango shelf life throughout 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Fruits were treated with the following six coatings: control (distilled water), 1.5% chitosan solution (CH) (w/v), Aloe vera gel (AV) (1 : 1, v/v), coconut oil (CO) (1 : 1, v/v), 1.5% chitosan solution + A. vera gel (CH + AV) (1 : 1, v/v), and coconut oil + A. vera gel (CO + AV) (1 : 1, v/v). The findings showed that the coating with A. vera gel and chitosan significantly decreased decay, weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production compared to control. This coating improved fruit quality indicators like acidity, total soluble solids, pH, fruit firmness, and ascorbic acid content. Additionally, the phenol content and antioxidant activity decreased slightly during storage, while the control fruits demonstrated a rapid decrease in phenol content and antioxidant activity. Coated fruits significantly reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase, whereas control fruits had the lowest catalase and peroxidase activity throughout the storage period. Coated fruit skin showed higher L* and b* values than the control fruits throughout storage. These findings suggested that A. vera gel with chitosan coating might preserve bioactive components and postharvest ‘Haribhanga’ mango fruit quality under ambient storage.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The production of ornamental flowers in the horticultural sector is costly; therefore, finding treatments to reduce postharvest losses and extend the vase life of cut flower is essential in this industry. The influence of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality parameters of cut flowers of Narcissus tazetta L. ‘Shahla’ during storage was investigated. The following gas compositions were studied: atmospheric composition (control), vacuum + atmospheric composition, 40% CO2 + 21% O2, 20% CO2 + 10% O2, 40% CO2 + 40% O2, and 0.03% CO2 + 40% O2. All treatments showed better performance compared to the control. The results showed that 20% CO2 + 10% O2 most increased the water uptake and relative fresh weight of cut flowers, resulting in the highest level of carbohydrates, extending the appearance quality time and vase life of cut flowers by 60%. The most extended vase life was related to cut flowers stored at 20% CO2 and 10% O2 (15.8 days), while the passive-MAP and vacuum packaging did not differ significantly and showed the lowest vase life, 9.2 and 9.9 days, respectively.
在园艺领域，观赏花卉的生产成本很高;因此，寻找减少采后损失和延长切花花瓶寿命的处理方法对该行业至关重要。研究了气调包装对水仙(Narcissus tazetta L.’Shahla)切花贮藏过程中品质参数的影响。研究了常压成分(对照)、真空+常压成分、40% CO2 + 21% O2、20% CO2 + 10% O2、40% CO2 + 40% O2、0.03% CO2 + 40% O2。与对照组相比，所有处理均表现出更好的表现。结果表明:20% CO2 + 10% O2处理能显著提高切花的吸水率和相对鲜重，碳水化合物含量最高，切花的外观品质期和花瓶寿命延长60%;20% CO2和10% O2条件下切花的瓶期最长(15.8 d)，被动map和真空包装的瓶期最短(9.2 d和9.9 d)。
{"title":"Effects of Active and Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Vase Life and Quality of Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L.) ‘Shahla’ Cut Flowers","authors":"F. Moradinezhad, Hassan Bayat, Maryam Dorostkar","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The production of ornamental flowers in the horticultural sector is costly; therefore, finding treatments to reduce postharvest losses and extend the vase life of cut flower is essential in this industry. The influence of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality parameters of cut flowers of Narcissus tazetta L. ‘Shahla’ during storage was investigated. The following gas compositions were studied: atmospheric composition (control), vacuum + atmospheric composition, 40% CO2 + 21% O2, 20% CO2 + 10% O2, 40% CO2 + 40% O2, and 0.03% CO2 + 40% O2. All treatments showed better performance compared to the control. The results showed that 20% CO2 + 10% O2 most increased the water uptake and relative fresh weight of cut flowers, resulting in the highest level of carbohydrates, extending the appearance quality time and vase life of cut flowers by 60%. The most extended vase life was related to cut flowers stored at 20% CO2 and 10% O2 (15.8 days), while the passive-MAP and vacuum packaging did not differ significantly and showed the lowest vase life, 9.2 and 9.9 days, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138584501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Shikuwasa (Citrus depressa Hayata) is known as Taiwan tangerine. Various local cultivars are grown, among which the most famous is the ‘Kugani’, which is considered a breeding cultivar. The fruits of this cultivar are used for various purposes (juices, jams, vinegar, etc.) and as a fruit for consumption. The local landrace Ishikunibu is considered wild and is not cultivated on a larger scale because it is dwarf and tastes sour even when harvested in February. This article showed the results of experiments that aimed to show that Ishikunibu fruits are suitable as an addition to the cultivation of these fruits for producing vinegar extract. The results indicate that the vinegar extract of Ishikunibu has properties similar to that of ‘Kugani’. Such vinegar extracts using Ishikunibu have more ascorbic acid (115.2 μg·L−1 vs. 38.9 μg·L−1) and titratable acidity than that of ‘Kugani’. The other quality parameters of such produced vinegar extracts did not differ significantly. The sensory evaluation of vinegar extracts showed no differences in aroma, green smell, and general flavor but vinegar extract of Ishikunibu tasted less bitter. Therefore, Ishikunibu, the wild genotype of shikuwasa, is deemed useful in producing vinegar extracts.
{"title":"Vinegar Extract Produced Using Ripe Fruits of Wild Genotype of Citrus depressa Hayata in Okinawa","authors":"T. Hanagasaki","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shikuwasa (Citrus depressa Hayata) is known as Taiwan tangerine. Various local cultivars are grown, among which the most famous is the ‘Kugani’, which is considered a breeding cultivar. The fruits of this cultivar are used for various purposes (juices, jams, vinegar, etc.) and as a fruit for consumption. The local landrace Ishikunibu is considered wild and is not cultivated on a larger scale because it is dwarf and tastes sour even when harvested in February. This article showed the results of experiments that aimed to show that Ishikunibu fruits are suitable as an addition to the cultivation of these fruits for producing vinegar extract. The results indicate that the vinegar extract of Ishikunibu has properties similar to that of ‘Kugani’. Such vinegar extracts using Ishikunibu have more ascorbic acid (115.2 μg·L−1 vs. 38.9 μg·L−1) and titratable acidity than that of ‘Kugani’. The other quality parameters of such produced vinegar extracts did not differ significantly. The sensory evaluation of vinegar extracts showed no differences in aroma, green smell, and general flavor but vinegar extract of Ishikunibu tasted less bitter. Therefore, Ishikunibu, the wild genotype of shikuwasa, is deemed useful in producing vinegar extracts.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grzegorzewska, E. Badełek, A. Ciecierska, K. Fabiszewski, K. Rutkowski
Abstract The study evaluated the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on broccoli quality and storage ability. Broccoli ‘Parthenon’ was treated the day after harvest with 1.0 or 3.0 cm3·m−3 1-MCP. The treatment was performed at 5 °C for 20 h, and then the plant material was stored at 0–1 °C for 30 or 60 d. After 30 d of refrigerated storage, broccoli was transferred to conditions simulating retail (15 °C) for 6 d. During 30 d of storage, the broccoli crowns maintained excellent quality. The fleshy stalks were slightly inferior due to the darkening of the leaf scar areas. After 60 d, there was a marked reduction in broccoli quality. Still, the positive effect of 1-MCP treatment on broccoli was observed as inhibiting the senescence of the remaining petiole fragments. During shelf life after 30 days of cold storage, broccoli treated with 1-MCP retained better quality of the crowns and fleshy stems, evident after six days of shelf life evaluation. The study did not find that 1-MCP treatment inhibited the respiration rate of broccoli, or ethylene production.
{"title":"The Storage Ability of Broccoli after 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment","authors":"M. Grzegorzewska, E. Badełek, A. Ciecierska, K. Fabiszewski, K. Rutkowski","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study evaluated the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on broccoli quality and storage ability. Broccoli ‘Parthenon’ was treated the day after harvest with 1.0 or 3.0 cm3·m−3 1-MCP. The treatment was performed at 5 °C for 20 h, and then the plant material was stored at 0–1 °C for 30 or 60 d. After 30 d of refrigerated storage, broccoli was transferred to conditions simulating retail (15 °C) for 6 d. During 30 d of storage, the broccoli crowns maintained excellent quality. The fleshy stalks were slightly inferior due to the darkening of the leaf scar areas. After 60 d, there was a marked reduction in broccoli quality. Still, the positive effect of 1-MCP treatment on broccoli was observed as inhibiting the senescence of the remaining petiole fragments. During shelf life after 30 days of cold storage, broccoli treated with 1-MCP retained better quality of the crowns and fleshy stems, evident after six days of shelf life evaluation. The study did not find that 1-MCP treatment inhibited the respiration rate of broccoli, or ethylene production.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Díaz-pérez, Theodore McAvoy, Xuelin Luo, S. Bag
Abstract Whiteflies are the most detrimental insect pest for cucurbit crops in Georgia, USA. Plant growth and yield are severely reduced due to whitefly feeding and, more importantly, many plant viruses they vector. Chemical management of whiteflies has been ineffective. An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is needed to reduce whitefly numbers to an acceptable level in cucurbit crops in Georgia. This study evaluated the impact of plastic mulch color, exclusionary row covers, particle clay, and organic insecticidal solutions (soap and neem oil) on plant growth, fruit yield, and whitefly index (WFindex) in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L). The study was conducted during the fall of 2019 and 2020. Particle clay applications reduced zucchini foliar temperatures and WFindex and increased zucchini fruit yields. Black plastic mulch reduced fruit yield due to increased root zone temperature and did not impact whitefly numbers. Neem oil and soap decreased the WFindex but inconsistently affected fruit yield and quality. Our findings indicate that neem oil, soap, and particle clay may be part of an IPM program for whiteflies. However, further evaluations are needed in large plots and commercial fields to confirm the preliminary results of this study.
{"title":"Alternative Methods to Manage Silverleaf Whitefly [Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)] in Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)","authors":"J. Díaz-pérez, Theodore McAvoy, Xuelin Luo, S. Bag","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Whiteflies are the most detrimental insect pest for cucurbit crops in Georgia, USA. Plant growth and yield are severely reduced due to whitefly feeding and, more importantly, many plant viruses they vector. Chemical management of whiteflies has been ineffective. An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is needed to reduce whitefly numbers to an acceptable level in cucurbit crops in Georgia. This study evaluated the impact of plastic mulch color, exclusionary row covers, particle clay, and organic insecticidal solutions (soap and neem oil) on plant growth, fruit yield, and whitefly index (WFindex) in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L). The study was conducted during the fall of 2019 and 2020. Particle clay applications reduced zucchini foliar temperatures and WFindex and increased zucchini fruit yields. Black plastic mulch reduced fruit yield due to increased root zone temperature and did not impact whitefly numbers. Neem oil and soap decreased the WFindex but inconsistently affected fruit yield and quality. Our findings indicate that neem oil, soap, and particle clay may be part of an IPM program for whiteflies. However, further evaluations are needed in large plots and commercial fields to confirm the preliminary results of this study.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liudmyla Mycolaivna Shevchuk, Yuliya Yuriivna Vintskovska, N. V. Derevianko, Vasil Myhailovich Dervianko
Abstract The study of the fruit quality of five Ukrainian persimmon cultivars ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’ (“Memory of Cherniaev”), ‘Chuchupaka’, ‘Sosnivska’, ‘Bozhyi Dar’ (“God's gift”), and ‘Dar Sofiivky’ (“Gift of Sofiivka”) showed that their fresh mass varies from 48.4 g (‘Chuchupaka’) to 113.2 g (‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’). ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’ and ‘Dar Sofiivky’ produced the largest fruits. ‘Dar Sofiivky’, ‘Sosnivska’, and ‘Chuchupaka’ fruits had the highest dry matter content. The highest sweetness level expressed in the sugar-acid index was in the ‘Dar Sofiivky’ fruits, the lowest in ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’. This cultivar also had the lowest amount of total pectins and polyphenols. All evaluated parameters varied considerably between cultivars.
{"title":"Biochemical Composition of Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) Bred in Ukraine","authors":"Liudmyla Mycolaivna Shevchuk, Yuliya Yuriivna Vintskovska, N. V. Derevianko, Vasil Myhailovich Dervianko","doi":"10.2478/johr-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of the fruit quality of five Ukrainian persimmon cultivars ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’ (“Memory of Cherniaev”), ‘Chuchupaka’, ‘Sosnivska’, ‘Bozhyi Dar’ (“God's gift”), and ‘Dar Sofiivky’ (“Gift of Sofiivka”) showed that their fresh mass varies from 48.4 g (‘Chuchupaka’) to 113.2 g (‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’). ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’ and ‘Dar Sofiivky’ produced the largest fruits. ‘Dar Sofiivky’, ‘Sosnivska’, and ‘Chuchupaka’ fruits had the highest dry matter content. The highest sweetness level expressed in the sugar-acid index was in the ‘Dar Sofiivky’ fruits, the lowest in ‘Pamiat Cherniaeva’. This cultivar also had the lowest amount of total pectins and polyphenols. All evaluated parameters varied considerably between cultivars.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46616378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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