Abstract Female and male plants of difficult-to-root species Leucadendron elimense subsp. elimense were investigated for rooting potential with three rooting hormones: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at three different concentrations (2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, and 6000 ppm). The experiment was made under essential misting, bottom heat, and a naturally ventilated greenhouse. After 18 weeks the experiment terminated and callusing and rooting percentage, root number, and root length were determined. Female cuttings rooted in the highest percentage (80%), root number (>30), and root length (close to 100 mm) after treatment with IAA at 4000 ppm. Under the above treatment male cuttings rooted in 70%, with a mean root number of 24 and root length of 90 mm. The efficient rooting results could aid in saving the species in its natural habitat and supporting restoration ecology, as well as introducing this species into the flower market.
{"title":"Rooting Responses of Female and Male Cuttings of Leucadendron elimense E. Phillips subsp. elimense on the Type and Concentration of Auxin","authors":"J. Liedtke, M. Jimoh, C. Laubscher","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Female and male plants of difficult-to-root species Leucadendron elimense subsp. elimense were investigated for rooting potential with three rooting hormones: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at three different concentrations (2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, and 6000 ppm). The experiment was made under essential misting, bottom heat, and a naturally ventilated greenhouse. After 18 weeks the experiment terminated and callusing and rooting percentage, root number, and root length were determined. Female cuttings rooted in the highest percentage (80%), root number (>30), and root length (close to 100 mm) after treatment with IAA at 4000 ppm. Under the above treatment male cuttings rooted in 70%, with a mean root number of 24 and root length of 90 mm. The efficient rooting results could aid in saving the species in its natural habitat and supporting restoration ecology, as well as introducing this species into the flower market.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47837242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdelkader, M. S. Gaplaev, A. A. Terekbaev, M. Puchkov
Abstract Two biostimulants, RutfarmMaxifol (Ascophyllum nodosum extract 17.5%, amino acids, macro- and microelements, Agromaster, Russia) and Radifarm (polysaccharides, glycosides, amino acids, and micro-elements; Valagro, Italy), were applied at different concentrations on tomato plants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Merlice’, grown under a hydroponic system. Biostimulants were applied in the form of seed soaking and twice as foliar sprayings at flowering and at the initial fruit development stages. Biostimulants were applied as water solutions at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg·L−1. Plant growth, productivity, and fruit quality parameters were determined at three points: 35, 70, and 105 days after seeding. All biostimulant treatments resulted in higher values of growth parameters and yield productivity in relation to the control. The application of biostimulants improved the parameters of the fruits’ quality by increasing the total soluble solids and antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents but it did not affect tomato fruit acidity; therefore, tomato fruits from the treated plants were tastier than those from control.
{"title":"The Influence of Biostimulants on Tomato Plants Cultivated under Hydroponic Systems","authors":"M. Abdelkader, M. S. Gaplaev, A. A. Terekbaev, M. Puchkov","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two biostimulants, RutfarmMaxifol (Ascophyllum nodosum extract 17.5%, amino acids, macro- and microelements, Agromaster, Russia) and Radifarm (polysaccharides, glycosides, amino acids, and micro-elements; Valagro, Italy), were applied at different concentrations on tomato plants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Merlice’, grown under a hydroponic system. Biostimulants were applied in the form of seed soaking and twice as foliar sprayings at flowering and at the initial fruit development stages. Biostimulants were applied as water solutions at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg·L−1. Plant growth, productivity, and fruit quality parameters were determined at three points: 35, 70, and 105 days after seeding. All biostimulant treatments resulted in higher values of growth parameters and yield productivity in relation to the control. The application of biostimulants improved the parameters of the fruits’ quality by increasing the total soluble solids and antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents but it did not affect tomato fruit acidity; therefore, tomato fruits from the treated plants were tastier than those from control.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Natural farming is a type of low-input sustainable agricultural system that is characterized by the avoidance of the use of any animal materials. Production of self-produced seeds by farmers is recommended under natural farming environments, with an expectation of improved crop growth and yield. However, there have been no scientific studies that investigated the performance of self-produced seeds under natural farming. This study investigated the germination rate, growth, and yield of carrots (Daucus carota L.) from different seed sources under natural farming. The main experimental factor was the cultivation method: CT – control; CF – conventional farming; NF1 – natural farming with tillage and compost input; and NF2 – natural farming without tillage and compost, and the subfactor was the seed source: OPN – open-pollinated seeds self-produced under natural farming; OPC – open-pollinated seeds produced under conventional farming; and HB – hybrid seeds. The germination rate of OPN seeds was higher than that of other seeds. In addition, root fresh weight and other root parameters of OPN were as high as for HB seeds. This suggests that using self-produced seeds by farmers improves crop performance in a natural farming system.
{"title":"Seed Source Effects on Germination, Growth, and Yield of Carrots Under Natural Farming","authors":"Yousei Katsu, Kotaro Kato, Shuji Abe, K. Miyazawa","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural farming is a type of low-input sustainable agricultural system that is characterized by the avoidance of the use of any animal materials. Production of self-produced seeds by farmers is recommended under natural farming environments, with an expectation of improved crop growth and yield. However, there have been no scientific studies that investigated the performance of self-produced seeds under natural farming. This study investigated the germination rate, growth, and yield of carrots (Daucus carota L.) from different seed sources under natural farming. The main experimental factor was the cultivation method: CT – control; CF – conventional farming; NF1 – natural farming with tillage and compost input; and NF2 – natural farming without tillage and compost, and the subfactor was the seed source: OPN – open-pollinated seeds self-produced under natural farming; OPC – open-pollinated seeds produced under conventional farming; and HB – hybrid seeds. The germination rate of OPN seeds was higher than that of other seeds. In addition, root fresh weight and other root parameters of OPN were as high as for HB seeds. This suggests that using self-produced seeds by farmers improves crop performance in a natural farming system.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41936214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raj Kumar, H. Krishna, S. Rajan, M. Alizadeh, P. Barman
Abstract A thorough understanding of plant behavior at different growth stages is of paramount importance for fruit quality improvement, the regulation of production periods, and reduced fruit production costs. There are as many as three waves of flowering in evergreen pomegranate cultivars – i.e., during the spring, rainy, and autumn seasons. However, for securing enhanced production of superior quality fruits as well as profit to the growers, crop regulation is required. This can be achieved by forcing the tree to rest at a particular stage and by producing abundant blossoming and quality fruits during any one of the three flushes. Observations on phenological phases would help in understanding the dates of specific stages of crop development, which in turn enable the growers to plan, organize, and carry out timely schedules of agronomic practices such as irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the response of pomegranate under different environmental conditions to identify a suitable flowering season to produce a better quality of fruits with consistent yield, and to enable standardization of management practices for optimum production based on phenological stages.
{"title":"Understanding Phenological Stages of Pomegranates vis-à-vis Flowering and Fruiting Regulation","authors":"Raj Kumar, H. Krishna, S. Rajan, M. Alizadeh, P. Barman","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A thorough understanding of plant behavior at different growth stages is of paramount importance for fruit quality improvement, the regulation of production periods, and reduced fruit production costs. There are as many as three waves of flowering in evergreen pomegranate cultivars – i.e., during the spring, rainy, and autumn seasons. However, for securing enhanced production of superior quality fruits as well as profit to the growers, crop regulation is required. This can be achieved by forcing the tree to rest at a particular stage and by producing abundant blossoming and quality fruits during any one of the three flushes. Observations on phenological phases would help in understanding the dates of specific stages of crop development, which in turn enable the growers to plan, organize, and carry out timely schedules of agronomic practices such as irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the response of pomegranate under different environmental conditions to identify a suitable flowering season to produce a better quality of fruits with consistent yield, and to enable standardization of management practices for optimum production based on phenological stages.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adil, E. Ahmed, A. Al-Chalabi, A. F. Al-Ma’athedi
Abstract Freesia hybrida is one of the most important cut flowers with a short vase life. The present study was conducted to explain the effect of the two planting dates December 1st and 15th and soaking corms before planting in gibberellic acid at concentrations of 0, 75, and 150 mg·L−1 on the growth, flowering, and flowers quality of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’. A larger diameter of the inflorescence stem and floret head, fresh weight of inflorescence, and longer vase life were obtained when planted on December 1st. Soaking the corms in a GA3 solution of 150 mg·L−1 before planting significantly extended the vase life compared to the control. Finally, it can be concluded that the planting of corms soaked in a solution of 150 mg·L−1 GA3 on December 1st in unheated greenhouses can improve the growth, development, and quality of flowers of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’.
{"title":"Effect of Planting Time and Corms Treatment with Gibberellic Acid on Growth, Flowering, and Vase Life of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’","authors":"A. Adil, E. Ahmed, A. Al-Chalabi, A. F. Al-Ma’athedi","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Freesia hybrida is one of the most important cut flowers with a short vase life. The present study was conducted to explain the effect of the two planting dates December 1st and 15th and soaking corms before planting in gibberellic acid at concentrations of 0, 75, and 150 mg·L−1 on the growth, flowering, and flowers quality of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’. A larger diameter of the inflorescence stem and floret head, fresh weight of inflorescence, and longer vase life were obtained when planted on December 1st. Soaking the corms in a GA3 solution of 150 mg·L−1 before planting significantly extended the vase life compared to the control. Finally, it can be concluded that the planting of corms soaked in a solution of 150 mg·L−1 GA3 on December 1st in unheated greenhouses can improve the growth, development, and quality of flowers of Freesia hybrida ‘Corona’.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Kumar Pundir, A. Pathak, D. Upadhyaya, A. Muthusamy, C. Upadhyaya
Abstract The tuberization phenomenon in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a highly synchronized morphophysiological process occurring on the underground stolons under the influence of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This involves the participation of the phytochrome sensory system, transport of sucrose from source to stolon, and several regulatory pathways including tuber-inducing hormone biosynthetic lipoxygenase (StLOX1) gene and major calcium-mediated signaling pathway genes (StCDPK and StCaM1). This study was aimed to explore the impacts of distinctive qualities of the light-emitting diode (LED) light with a specific wavelength on in vitro tuberization of potato. Single nodal segments of potato ‘Kufri Jyoti’ were incubated in vitro on the growth medium at a temperature of 22 ± 2 °C and exposed to various combinations of red (R) and blue (B) LED light. The results showed that the combination of 30% red + 70% blue LED light (R30B70) significantly shortened the tuber induction period, increased the number of tubers, and their yield compared with these parameters in the tissues exposed to the white light (W100). The induction of the in vitro tuberization correlated with the enhanced expression of the major tuberizing pathway genes, including the lipoxygenase (StLOX1), calmodulin (CaM1), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK). The current study indicated that the combination of red and blue LED lights at R30B70 is the best spectrum for effective in vitro tuberization of potatoes.
{"title":"Red and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Significantly Improve in vitro Tuberization of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"Robin Kumar Pundir, A. Pathak, D. Upadhyaya, A. Muthusamy, C. Upadhyaya","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The tuberization phenomenon in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a highly synchronized morphophysiological process occurring on the underground stolons under the influence of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This involves the participation of the phytochrome sensory system, transport of sucrose from source to stolon, and several regulatory pathways including tuber-inducing hormone biosynthetic lipoxygenase (StLOX1) gene and major calcium-mediated signaling pathway genes (StCDPK and StCaM1). This study was aimed to explore the impacts of distinctive qualities of the light-emitting diode (LED) light with a specific wavelength on in vitro tuberization of potato. Single nodal segments of potato ‘Kufri Jyoti’ were incubated in vitro on the growth medium at a temperature of 22 ± 2 °C and exposed to various combinations of red (R) and blue (B) LED light. The results showed that the combination of 30% red + 70% blue LED light (R30B70) significantly shortened the tuber induction period, increased the number of tubers, and their yield compared with these parameters in the tissues exposed to the white light (W100). The induction of the in vitro tuberization correlated with the enhanced expression of the major tuberizing pathway genes, including the lipoxygenase (StLOX1), calmodulin (CaM1), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK). The current study indicated that the combination of red and blue LED lights at R30B70 is the best spectrum for effective in vitro tuberization of potatoes.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49594132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rudra Baral, B. Kafle, D. Panday, Jiban Shrestha, D. Min
Abstract Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the major high-value cash crops in Nepal. Low yield, conventional farming, and limited access to production resources such as improved cultivars, production technologies, and extension services are the existing problems of Nepali ginger farmers. In this study, we conducted community based-participatory research in Ilam district, Nepal, in 2015–2017. This research aimed to explore the appropriate ginger farming technology considering yield, income, and environment. We compared the effect of four different ginger production technologies on ginger yield and net farm income that include: i) traditional practice with mother rhizome harvest, ii) traditional practice without mother rhizome harvest, iii) good agricultural practice (GAP) with mother rhizome harvest, and iv) GAP without mother rhizome harvest. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The yield of ginger under GAP and without mother rhizome harvest was observed 17.9 t·ha−1, which was 39.8% higher than the farmers’ existing practices and 45.5% higher than the national average. The cost of production was almost the same in all treatments; however, the GAP with mother rhizome-harvested treatment gave the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.5) along with the maximum net farm income ($2072.6·ha−1·year−1). Thus, we suggest ginger producers adopting GAP rules to obtain a higher yield and harvesting mother rhizomes earlier for obtaining maximum profit. The GAP rules will additionally protect the environment. This study also suggests policymakers and related stakeholders promoting GAP as a sustainable production technology in agriculture-based countries like Nepal.
{"title":"Adoption of Good Agricultural Practice to Increase Yield and Profit of Ginger Farming in Nepal","authors":"Rudra Baral, B. Kafle, D. Panday, Jiban Shrestha, D. Min","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the major high-value cash crops in Nepal. Low yield, conventional farming, and limited access to production resources such as improved cultivars, production technologies, and extension services are the existing problems of Nepali ginger farmers. In this study, we conducted community based-participatory research in Ilam district, Nepal, in 2015–2017. This research aimed to explore the appropriate ginger farming technology considering yield, income, and environment. We compared the effect of four different ginger production technologies on ginger yield and net farm income that include: i) traditional practice with mother rhizome harvest, ii) traditional practice without mother rhizome harvest, iii) good agricultural practice (GAP) with mother rhizome harvest, and iv) GAP without mother rhizome harvest. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The yield of ginger under GAP and without mother rhizome harvest was observed 17.9 t·ha−1, which was 39.8% higher than the farmers’ existing practices and 45.5% higher than the national average. The cost of production was almost the same in all treatments; however, the GAP with mother rhizome-harvested treatment gave the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.5) along with the maximum net farm income ($2072.6·ha−1·year−1). Thus, we suggest ginger producers adopting GAP rules to obtain a higher yield and harvesting mother rhizomes earlier for obtaining maximum profit. The GAP rules will additionally protect the environment. This study also suggests policymakers and related stakeholders promoting GAP as a sustainable production technology in agriculture-based countries like Nepal.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43388767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The studies were performed for four consecutive years (2016–2019) at the Fruit Growing Research Station (North-East part of Romania), using eleven sweet cherry genotypes as research material. Five of them are new cherry cultivars – ‘Cătălina’, ‘Andreiaş’, ‘Maria’, ‘George’, and ‘Margonia’ – obtained by means of controlled hybridization or open pollination, and six of them are their progenitors (‘Van’, ‘Boambe de Cotnari’, ‘Stella’, ‘Fromm’, ‘Ciliegia di Ottobre’, and the ‘HC 27/4’ hybrid). The experiment compared the traits of new cultivars with those of their progenitors. The following traits were evaluated: tree vigor, frost damage, the phenological stages, and the physical and chemical traits of the fruit. The highest values concerning the fruit's weight have been recorded for ‘Andreiaş’ (10.0 g) and ‘Maria’ (7.6 g), the content of soluble substance was between 16.6 and 19.5°Brix, the titratable acidity was between 0.413 and 0.675 mg malic acid·100 mL−1 juice, and the total content of polyphenols was recorded with values between 268.00 and 488.75 mg GAE·100 mL−1 of fresh juice. The new cultivars have mostly superior traits, especially frost damages, productivity, fruit quality, and fruit's cracking percentage compared with their parental genotypes.
摘要该研究在罗马尼亚东北部水果种植研究站连续四年（2016–2019）进行，使用11种甜樱桃基因型作为研究材料。其中5个是通过控制杂交或开放授粉获得的新樱桃品种“Cătălina”、“Andreiaş”、“Maria”、《George》和“Margonia”，其中6个是它们的祖先（“Van”、“Boambe de Cotnari”、“Stella”、“Fromm”、“Ciliegia di Ottobre”和“HC 27/4”杂交种）。本试验比较了新品种及其后代的性状。对其主要性状进行了评价：树势、霜害、酚期、果实理化性状。“Andreiaş”（10.0 g）和“Maria”（7.6 g）的果实重量最高，可溶性物质含量在16.6至19.5°Brix之间，可滴定酸度在0.413至0.675 mg苹果酸·100 mL−1果汁之间，多酚总含量在268.00至488.75 mg GAE·100 mL-1新鲜果汁之间。与亲本基因型相比，新品种大多具有优良性状，尤其是霜害、产量、果实品质和果实开裂率。
{"title":"Comparison of Five New Sweet Cherry Cultivars Bred in Romania, with their Parental Forms","authors":"M. Corneanu, E. Iurea, S. Sîrbu","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The studies were performed for four consecutive years (2016–2019) at the Fruit Growing Research Station (North-East part of Romania), using eleven sweet cherry genotypes as research material. Five of them are new cherry cultivars – ‘Cătălina’, ‘Andreiaş’, ‘Maria’, ‘George’, and ‘Margonia’ – obtained by means of controlled hybridization or open pollination, and six of them are their progenitors (‘Van’, ‘Boambe de Cotnari’, ‘Stella’, ‘Fromm’, ‘Ciliegia di Ottobre’, and the ‘HC 27/4’ hybrid). The experiment compared the traits of new cultivars with those of their progenitors. The following traits were evaluated: tree vigor, frost damage, the phenological stages, and the physical and chemical traits of the fruit. The highest values concerning the fruit's weight have been recorded for ‘Andreiaş’ (10.0 g) and ‘Maria’ (7.6 g), the content of soluble substance was between 16.6 and 19.5°Brix, the titratable acidity was between 0.413 and 0.675 mg malic acid·100 mL−1 juice, and the total content of polyphenols was recorded with values between 268.00 and 488.75 mg GAE·100 mL−1 of fresh juice. The new cultivars have mostly superior traits, especially frost damages, productivity, fruit quality, and fruit's cracking percentage compared with their parental genotypes.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sas-Paszt, U. Smolińska, B. Kowalska, M. Szczech, A. Lisek, P. Trzciński, S. Głuszek, K. Górnik, E. Derkowska, B. Sumorok
Abstract In recent years, the use of bio-fertilizers enriched with specially selected microorganisms has been used more and more often. The beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers enriched with consortia of microorganisms on strawberry plants have been reported previously. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of bio-fertilizers containing selected fungal and bacterial strains on the microorganisms living in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. In the experiments described in this paper, synthetic mineral fertilizers were enriched with selected microorganisms. The fertilizer urea was enriched with the fungi Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum, while the fertilizers Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 with strains of the bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Bacteria and fungi belonging to these species can exert a positive effect on the growth of many plants. The results obtained in this study showed that the application of fertilizers enriched with microorganisms had different effects on the analyzed populations of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. There were evidences of both, an adverse effect of the applied fertilizer and/or microorganisms, but more often, the beneficial effect was found on the abundance of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the strawberry. The most effective for the population of Pseudomonas bacteria was application of urea and fungi and Polifoska and bacteria. The highest number of phosphorus utilizing bacteria B was scored in the treatments containing NPK, NPK + fungi and urea 60% + fungi. The application of NPK + fungi and urea 100% + fungi as well as Super Fos Dar with bacteria was most beneficial for population of actinomycetes.
摘要近年来，利用经特殊筛选的微生物富集的生物肥料得到越来越多的应用。以前曾报道过富含微生物联合体的生物肥料对草莓植株的有益作用。本研究的目的是确定含有选定真菌和细菌菌株的生物肥料对草莓根际微生物的影响。在本文所述的实验中，用选定的微生物富集合成矿物肥料。尿素肥中富集了黑曲霉和紫丁香紫霉，而Polifoska 6和Super Fos Dar 40肥中富集了芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和多粘类芽孢杆菌。属于这些物种的细菌和真菌可以对许多植物的生长产生积极的影响。本研究结果表明，施用微生物富集肥料对草莓根际土壤微生物的数量有不同的影响。施用化肥和(或)微生物对草莓根际微生物丰度均有不利影响，但更常见的是对草莓根际微生物丰度有有益影响。对假单胞菌种群影响最大的是尿素和真菌，多聚磷和细菌。在氮磷钾、氮磷钾+真菌和尿素60% +真菌处理中，B菌对磷的利用数量最高。施用氮磷钾+真菌、尿素100% +真菌和超级富氧达菌对放线菌种群最有利。
{"title":"Influence of Microbiologically Enriched Mineral Fertilizers on Selected Groups of Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Strawberry Plants","authors":"L. Sas-Paszt, U. Smolińska, B. Kowalska, M. Szczech, A. Lisek, P. Trzciński, S. Głuszek, K. Górnik, E. Derkowska, B. Sumorok","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, the use of bio-fertilizers enriched with specially selected microorganisms has been used more and more often. The beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers enriched with consortia of microorganisms on strawberry plants have been reported previously. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of bio-fertilizers containing selected fungal and bacterial strains on the microorganisms living in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. In the experiments described in this paper, synthetic mineral fertilizers were enriched with selected microorganisms. The fertilizer urea was enriched with the fungi Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum, while the fertilizers Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 with strains of the bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Bacteria and fungi belonging to these species can exert a positive effect on the growth of many plants. The results obtained in this study showed that the application of fertilizers enriched with microorganisms had different effects on the analyzed populations of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. There were evidences of both, an adverse effect of the applied fertilizer and/or microorganisms, but more often, the beneficial effect was found on the abundance of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the strawberry. The most effective for the population of Pseudomonas bacteria was application of urea and fungi and Polifoska and bacteria. The highest number of phosphorus utilizing bacteria B was scored in the treatments containing NPK, NPK + fungi and urea 60% + fungi. The application of NPK + fungi and urea 100% + fungi as well as Super Fos Dar with bacteria was most beneficial for population of actinomycetes.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43529691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oushadee A. J. Abeyawardana, I. Viehmannová, M. Koudela
Abstract Six genotypes of head cabbage (‘Flexima’, ‘Mutsuma’, ‘Septima’, ‘Zeus’, DC6, ‘Ancoma’) have been studied to find an effective method of obtaining polyploids using trifluralin. The effect of various trifluralin concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·L−1) and treatment conditions (24 °C/24 h, 24 °C/48 h, 30 °C/24 h, and 30 °C/48 h) on organogenesis of organogenic callus, hypocotyl, and seeds was tested. Ploidy level was detected using a flow cytometer. As a result, low survival of hypocotyls and calli was obtained. The shoots induced from calli and hypocotyls failed to develop quality plantlets and most calli and hypocotyls remained recalcitrant for further differentiation. Treated seeds seemed to be promising objects basing on a considerable percentage of plant regeneration. With the increased concentration of trifluralin and increasing press of treatment conditions, the seed germination rate was significantly reduced. Shoot induction from germinated seeds varied among genotypes and treatments. The root induction was independent of treatments but also reduced considerably compared to the control. Under tested conditions, none of the polyploids resulted. Further studies are required to be successful in protocol development.
{"title":"The Effect of Trifluralin on Post-in vitro Morphogenesis of Five Genotypes of Head Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata)","authors":"Oushadee A. J. Abeyawardana, I. Viehmannová, M. Koudela","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Six genotypes of head cabbage (‘Flexima’, ‘Mutsuma’, ‘Septima’, ‘Zeus’, DC6, ‘Ancoma’) have been studied to find an effective method of obtaining polyploids using trifluralin. The effect of various trifluralin concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·L−1) and treatment conditions (24 °C/24 h, 24 °C/48 h, 30 °C/24 h, and 30 °C/48 h) on organogenesis of organogenic callus, hypocotyl, and seeds was tested. Ploidy level was detected using a flow cytometer. As a result, low survival of hypocotyls and calli was obtained. The shoots induced from calli and hypocotyls failed to develop quality plantlets and most calli and hypocotyls remained recalcitrant for further differentiation. Treated seeds seemed to be promising objects basing on a considerable percentage of plant regeneration. With the increased concentration of trifluralin and increasing press of treatment conditions, the seed germination rate was significantly reduced. Shoot induction from germinated seeds varied among genotypes and treatments. The root induction was independent of treatments but also reduced considerably compared to the control. Under tested conditions, none of the polyploids resulted. Further studies are required to be successful in protocol development.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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