Abstract There are over 2,240 butterfly species of Lepidoptera belonging to 17 families recorded in Poland. Of those, 63 phytophagous species have been noted in vegetable agrocenoses at a level of pest status. They constitute 18% of all harmful entomofauna found on vegetable crops. The species described in this paper are common on all vegetable crops growing in Poland, and all parts of plants. The most abundant pests found on aerial parts of crops include the silver Y moth (Autographa gamma), which causes damage to 20 species of vegetables, and species belonging to the genera Mamestra, Lacanobia and Anarta, which feed on more than 10 vegetable species. Of the polyphagous leaf roller moths (Tortricidae), the most numerous are the species belonging to the genus Cnephasia. Periodically, they pose a significant threat, among others for beetroot, pea, cucumber, and lettuce. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are dominant butterfly pests on brassica vegetables. A component of harmful entomofauna on onion crops is leek moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella), a species permanently dominant on onion vegetables in Poland since 1930s. The species of the family Depressariidae cause the greatest damage on the generative organs of seed crops, mainly of dill, carrot and parsley. Underground parts of vegetable crops are damaged by cut-worms (Noctuidae), which belong to the group of soil-borne pests. Among more than 60 species belonging to this family, nine cause the greatest damage to vegetable crops. The turnip moth (Agrotis segetum), as a dominant species in recent years, accounted for about 80% of cutworms damaging vegetable crops, and prefers onion, leek, carrot, parsley, celery and corn. Although the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is considered a polyphagous species, it forms the most abundant populations on maize out of all other crops.
{"title":"Butterfly Pests (Lepidoptera) Occurring on Vegetable Crops in Poland","authors":"J. Szwejda","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are over 2,240 butterfly species of Lepidoptera belonging to 17 families recorded in Poland. Of those, 63 phytophagous species have been noted in vegetable agrocenoses at a level of pest status. They constitute 18% of all harmful entomofauna found on vegetable crops. The species described in this paper are common on all vegetable crops growing in Poland, and all parts of plants. The most abundant pests found on aerial parts of crops include the silver Y moth (Autographa gamma), which causes damage to 20 species of vegetables, and species belonging to the genera Mamestra, Lacanobia and Anarta, which feed on more than 10 vegetable species. Of the polyphagous leaf roller moths (Tortricidae), the most numerous are the species belonging to the genus Cnephasia. Periodically, they pose a significant threat, among others for beetroot, pea, cucumber, and lettuce. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are dominant butterfly pests on brassica vegetables. A component of harmful entomofauna on onion crops is leek moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella), a species permanently dominant on onion vegetables in Poland since 1930s. The species of the family Depressariidae cause the greatest damage on the generative organs of seed crops, mainly of dill, carrot and parsley. Underground parts of vegetable crops are damaged by cut-worms (Noctuidae), which belong to the group of soil-borne pests. Among more than 60 species belonging to this family, nine cause the greatest damage to vegetable crops. The turnip moth (Agrotis segetum), as a dominant species in recent years, accounted for about 80% of cutworms damaging vegetable crops, and prefers onion, leek, carrot, parsley, celery and corn. Although the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is considered a polyphagous species, it forms the most abundant populations on maize out of all other crops.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43889164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigated the effect of photoperiod and temperature on the bionomics of the three Thrips tabaci lineages (L1 and L2 – leek-associated, and T – tobacco-associated). The experiment was performed in the laboratory under the following conditions: 23 °C 16L/8D and 8L/16D, and 15 °C under 8L/16D. Reproductive diapause was detected in the T lineage at 23 °C and 8L/16D, but not in the L1 and L2 lineages, while all three lineages diapaused at 15 °C and 8L/16D. Adult longevity of L1, L2, and T lineages were 29.51, 25.69, and 29.76, respectively, at 23 °C under 16L/8D; 30.9, 28.52, and 38.06, respectively, at 23 °C under 8L/16D; and 48.9, 34.22, and 76.89 days, respectively, at 15 °C. Mean fecundity of L1, L2, and T lineages were 89.30, 80.31, 86.76, respectively, at 23 °C under 16L/8D; 40.14, 46.94, and 39.34, respectively, at 23 °C under 8L/16D; and 7.0, 13.85, and 17.87, respectively, at 15 °C. The difference in responses to photoperiod and temperature could be a factor to cause a sympatric population variation of the different T. tabaci lineages under the same environmental condition.
{"title":"Effect of Photoperiod and Temperature on the Life Table Parameters of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci) Lineages","authors":"W. A. Woldemelak","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the effect of photoperiod and temperature on the bionomics of the three Thrips tabaci lineages (L1 and L2 – leek-associated, and T – tobacco-associated). The experiment was performed in the laboratory under the following conditions: 23 °C 16L/8D and 8L/16D, and 15 °C under 8L/16D. Reproductive diapause was detected in the T lineage at 23 °C and 8L/16D, but not in the L1 and L2 lineages, while all three lineages diapaused at 15 °C and 8L/16D. Adult longevity of L1, L2, and T lineages were 29.51, 25.69, and 29.76, respectively, at 23 °C under 16L/8D; 30.9, 28.52, and 38.06, respectively, at 23 °C under 8L/16D; and 48.9, 34.22, and 76.89 days, respectively, at 15 °C. Mean fecundity of L1, L2, and T lineages were 89.30, 80.31, 86.76, respectively, at 23 °C under 16L/8D; 40.14, 46.94, and 39.34, respectively, at 23 °C under 8L/16D; and 7.0, 13.85, and 17.87, respectively, at 15 °C. The difference in responses to photoperiod and temperature could be a factor to cause a sympatric population variation of the different T. tabaci lineages under the same environmental condition.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47358875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For different kinds of plants, the distribution of lateral roots is highly plastic in different growth environments. In particular, the branching distance of the roots plays a decisive role in the formation of the root system architecture. In many root-system architecture models, constant branching distances of different branching orders usually are used to simulate the dynamics of a root system architecture. However, little is known about the formation of lateral roots, and branching distances for different branching orders are variable in the actual root system. The resource allocation model for predicting the lateral root distribution in individual plants has been established based on Parrondo's game. The root branching data predicted by the model is compared with the actual root branching data. The results show that the proposed method can cause serious changes in the spacing and distribution of lateral root formation. A parameter called development window can be used to override interbranch distance in the root-system architecture models.
{"title":"Modeling and Analysis of Root Branching Plasticity Based on Parrondo's Game","authors":"Songyang Li, Miao Wang, Haipeng Yu","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For different kinds of plants, the distribution of lateral roots is highly plastic in different growth environments. In particular, the branching distance of the roots plays a decisive role in the formation of the root system architecture. In many root-system architecture models, constant branching distances of different branching orders usually are used to simulate the dynamics of a root system architecture. However, little is known about the formation of lateral roots, and branching distances for different branching orders are variable in the actual root system. The resource allocation model for predicting the lateral root distribution in individual plants has been established based on Parrondo's game. The root branching data predicted by the model is compared with the actual root branching data. The results show that the proposed method can cause serious changes in the spacing and distribution of lateral root formation. A parameter called development window can be used to override interbranch distance in the root-system architecture models.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ittetsu Yamaga, Airi Oshiro, T. Otsuki, Yuji Araki
Abstract Recently, there has been an increasing need to prolong the quality of matured fruits to promote the distribution of fresh fruits to consumers and processing facilities. Studies have shown that 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene, can maintain the firmness and quality of several fruits for a long duration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 1-MCP treatment on the firmness, rind color, and decay rate of the Japanese pear ‘Shizukisui’. Results showed that 1-MCP treatment alone and 1-MCP treatment after precooling significantly maintained the firmness of mature fruits compared with untreated fruits. However, the presence or absence of ethylene addition did not significantly affect fruit firmness; moreover, 1-MCP treatment after precooling tended to reduce moisture loss in immature fruits. Regarding the peel color of the fruits, 1-MCP treatment alone and 1-MCP after precooling treatment increased the L*, b*, and C* values of mature fruits but reduced the values in immature fruits. Compared with the control group, the 1-MCP treatment caused a decrease in the decay area of wounded ‘Shizukisui’ and ‘Kosui’ fruits and decreased the decay rate of wounded ‘Kosui’. Overall, this study showed that 1-MCP treatment maintained the firmness and peel color of Japanese pear and reduced its decay rate.
{"title":"1-Methylcyclopropene Maintains Firmness and Peel Color and Reduces Decay Area of Artificially Wounded Fruits in Mature Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai ‘Shizukisui’)","authors":"Ittetsu Yamaga, Airi Oshiro, T. Otsuki, Yuji Araki","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, there has been an increasing need to prolong the quality of matured fruits to promote the distribution of fresh fruits to consumers and processing facilities. Studies have shown that 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene, can maintain the firmness and quality of several fruits for a long duration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of 1-MCP treatment on the firmness, rind color, and decay rate of the Japanese pear ‘Shizukisui’. Results showed that 1-MCP treatment alone and 1-MCP treatment after precooling significantly maintained the firmness of mature fruits compared with untreated fruits. However, the presence or absence of ethylene addition did not significantly affect fruit firmness; moreover, 1-MCP treatment after precooling tended to reduce moisture loss in immature fruits. Regarding the peel color of the fruits, 1-MCP treatment alone and 1-MCP after precooling treatment increased the L*, b*, and C* values of mature fruits but reduced the values in immature fruits. Compared with the control group, the 1-MCP treatment caused a decrease in the decay area of wounded ‘Shizukisui’ and ‘Kosui’ fruits and decreased the decay rate of wounded ‘Kosui’. Overall, this study showed that 1-MCP treatment maintained the firmness and peel color of Japanese pear and reduced its decay rate.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41742017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The shelf life of agricultural products is characterized by several quality parameters simultaneously. Estimating the shelf life using the multivariate accelerated shelf-life testing (MASLT) approach is expected to provide a more accurate shelf-life prediction. This research aims to examine the effect of temperature storage on lemon fruit quality and predict their shelf life with the MASLT approach. A total of 21 lemons for each treatment (storage temperatures) were washed and stored at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Changes in the quality of lemons were observed every day for 7 days, including moisture content, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids, and color. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify many experimental lemon quality parameters to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance through linear transformation to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance. The results showed that 91.3% of the variance of all observational data could be explained by the first principal component (PC1). Multivariate kinetics of quality parameter changes following a zero-order reaction. The plot of ln km against 1/T shows a multivariate activation energy value (Ea) of 62.99 kJ·mol−1 with a pre-exponential factor (k0) of 3.87 × 1010 PC1 score per day. The reaction acceleration factor (Q10) based on storage temperatures of 35 °C and 45 °C is 2.17. The results of the predicted shelf life at cold temperatures (10 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) were 60.0 days and 18.8 days, respectively.
{"title":"Shelf-Life Prediction of Citrus Lemon Using a Multivariate Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (MASLT) Approach","authors":"R. Hasbullah, Egy R. Ismail","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The shelf life of agricultural products is characterized by several quality parameters simultaneously. Estimating the shelf life using the multivariate accelerated shelf-life testing (MASLT) approach is expected to provide a more accurate shelf-life prediction. This research aims to examine the effect of temperature storage on lemon fruit quality and predict their shelf life with the MASLT approach. A total of 21 lemons for each treatment (storage temperatures) were washed and stored at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Changes in the quality of lemons were observed every day for 7 days, including moisture content, weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids, and color. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify many experimental lemon quality parameters to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance through linear transformation to form a new coordinate system with maximum variance. The results showed that 91.3% of the variance of all observational data could be explained by the first principal component (PC1). Multivariate kinetics of quality parameter changes following a zero-order reaction. The plot of ln km against 1/T shows a multivariate activation energy value (Ea) of 62.99 kJ·mol−1 with a pre-exponential factor (k0) of 3.87 × 1010 PC1 score per day. The reaction acceleration factor (Q10) based on storage temperatures of 35 °C and 45 °C is 2.17. The results of the predicted shelf life at cold temperatures (10 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) were 60.0 days and 18.8 days, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Jiao, Chenchen Peng, Huichun Zhang, Zhihui Huang, Yan Zhao
Abstract Plant growth is constantly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, which are especially expressed in plant leaves. Therefore, leaf phenotype is considered to be an important indicator of phenotypic plasticity in plants. The effects of various growth environmental factors on the final size of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and the number of leaves were analyzed in orthogonal tests using image analysis, and growth curves were estimated statistically. Finally, the optimum growth environment for A. thaliana Col-0 was determined. In this study, temperature, humidity, and light intensity were chosen as factors and studied at the three levels each (temperature: 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C; humidity: 50%, 65%, 80%; light intensity: 92 μmol·m−2·s−1; 184 μmol·m−2·s−1; 278 μmol·m−2·s−1). The results showed that light intensity was a major factor in the final leaf size, whereas for the number of plant leaves the most important was temperature. According to the major and minor order of environmental factors, the following scheme appeared to be optimal for A. thaliana growth: temperature 22 °C, humidity 50%, illumination intensity 184 μmol·m−2·s−1.
{"title":"Effects of Environmental Stresses on the Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Rosette Leaves","authors":"X. Jiao, Chenchen Peng, Huichun Zhang, Zhihui Huang, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plant growth is constantly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, which are especially expressed in plant leaves. Therefore, leaf phenotype is considered to be an important indicator of phenotypic plasticity in plants. The effects of various growth environmental factors on the final size of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and the number of leaves were analyzed in orthogonal tests using image analysis, and growth curves were estimated statistically. Finally, the optimum growth environment for A. thaliana Col-0 was determined. In this study, temperature, humidity, and light intensity were chosen as factors and studied at the three levels each (temperature: 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C; humidity: 50%, 65%, 80%; light intensity: 92 μmol·m−2·s−1; 184 μmol·m−2·s−1; 278 μmol·m−2·s−1). The results showed that light intensity was a major factor in the final leaf size, whereas for the number of plant leaves the most important was temperature. According to the major and minor order of environmental factors, the following scheme appeared to be optimal for A. thaliana growth: temperature 22 °C, humidity 50%, illumination intensity 184 μmol·m−2·s−1.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Peighami Ashnaei, H. Jafary, Homayoun Afshari Azad
Abstract In summer 2021 (June–July), disease symptoms on trunks and shoots were observed in olive groves in the Tarom Sofla region, Qazvin province, Iran. The symptoms were light-pink discoloration and surface depression in the external layers of the wood. As the disease progressed, brown streaks of tissue appeared on the longitudinal sections of the wood. The identification of fungus was made based on PCR amplification of the rDNA-ITS region with the universal fungal primers ITS5 and ITS4. BLAST searches revealed 99.52% identity to Stereum hirsutum. Several species of basidiomycetes are known to live on wood as saprobionts or parasites. On olive trees, they cause white rot symptoms. Although they are not directly responsible for tree mortality; however, they can lead to structural deterioration of woody tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. hirsutum associated with wood rotting of olive trees in the world.
{"title":"The Occurrence of Stereum hirsutum Associated with Wood Rotting of Olive Trees in Iran","authors":"Samira Peighami Ashnaei, H. Jafary, Homayoun Afshari Azad","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In summer 2021 (June–July), disease symptoms on trunks and shoots were observed in olive groves in the Tarom Sofla region, Qazvin province, Iran. The symptoms were light-pink discoloration and surface depression in the external layers of the wood. As the disease progressed, brown streaks of tissue appeared on the longitudinal sections of the wood. The identification of fungus was made based on PCR amplification of the rDNA-ITS region with the universal fungal primers ITS5 and ITS4. BLAST searches revealed 99.52% identity to Stereum hirsutum. Several species of basidiomycetes are known to live on wood as saprobionts or parasites. On olive trees, they cause white rot symptoms. Although they are not directly responsible for tree mortality; however, they can lead to structural deterioration of woody tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. hirsutum associated with wood rotting of olive trees in the world.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Adaptation of plant and human pathogenic bacteria to niches of existence differing from their original ones is a sophisticated mechanism for survival. Research indicates that certain plant bacterial pathogens are capable of causing disease in humans, and some human bacterial pathogens can inhabit the plant environment and cause disease in plants. The infection of humans by plant bacteria may occur at direct physical contact with diseased plants and/or via the respiratory tract in mainly immunocompromised or otherwise stressed individuals. Indirect transmitters of plant and human microbes can be wind, rain, dust, insects, and animals. Human pathogenic bacteria may contaminate the soil and irrigation water, colonize the rhizosphere, more rarely also the phyllosphere, and can survive as epiphytes. Thus, the plant environment may become a reservoir of human pathogens. A source of foodborne human pathogenic bacteria can be unprocessed or unwashed fruits and vegetables. Especially during the last decade, the processes underlying the cross-kingdom performance of pathogenic bacteria are intensively researched. However, in reality, the risk for human health at infections by plant bacteria and by human bacterial pathogens surviving in the plant environment is still underestimated. The goal of the current review is to increase the interest in these issues in agricultural and general environments. Some basic strategies for infection and symptoms of diseases caused by the microorganisms under consideration are described. The potency of certain plant bacterial pathogens to surpass barriers towards humans and the interaction of human bacterial pathogens with the plant environment are addressed and the existing information is critically discussed.
{"title":"Plant and Human Pathogenic Bacteria Exchanging their Primary Host Environments","authors":"P. Sobiczewski, E. Iakimova","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adaptation of plant and human pathogenic bacteria to niches of existence differing from their original ones is a sophisticated mechanism for survival. Research indicates that certain plant bacterial pathogens are capable of causing disease in humans, and some human bacterial pathogens can inhabit the plant environment and cause disease in plants. The infection of humans by plant bacteria may occur at direct physical contact with diseased plants and/or via the respiratory tract in mainly immunocompromised or otherwise stressed individuals. Indirect transmitters of plant and human microbes can be wind, rain, dust, insects, and animals. Human pathogenic bacteria may contaminate the soil and irrigation water, colonize the rhizosphere, more rarely also the phyllosphere, and can survive as epiphytes. Thus, the plant environment may become a reservoir of human pathogens. A source of foodborne human pathogenic bacteria can be unprocessed or unwashed fruits and vegetables. Especially during the last decade, the processes underlying the cross-kingdom performance of pathogenic bacteria are intensively researched. However, in reality, the risk for human health at infections by plant bacteria and by human bacterial pathogens surviving in the plant environment is still underestimated. The goal of the current review is to increase the interest in these issues in agricultural and general environments. Some basic strategies for infection and symptoms of diseases caused by the microorganisms under consideration are described. The potency of certain plant bacterial pathogens to surpass barriers towards humans and the interaction of human bacterial pathogens with the plant environment are addressed and the existing information is critically discussed.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Due to the high degree of perishability and vulnerability to spoilage, tomatoes have limited marketability, which leads to extensive postharvest losses. The edible coatings are generally used to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables; therefore, this study investigated the use of chitosan and starfruit leaf extract (SFLE) in the composition of edible coatings for tomato fruit. Firmness, total titratable acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial load were measured every 5 days for 25 days. The results showed that the addition of SLFE to chitosan did not enhance the antimicrobial effect or firmness over the effects made by a separate use of chitosan and SFLE. Both components improved the shelf life of tomato fruits compared to untreated tomatoes.
{"title":"The Improvement of Tomato Shelf Life using Chitosan and Starfruit Leaf Extract as Edible Coatings","authors":"N. A. Utama, Ririn Ernawati, P. C. Pramesi","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the high degree of perishability and vulnerability to spoilage, tomatoes have limited marketability, which leads to extensive postharvest losses. The edible coatings are generally used to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables; therefore, this study investigated the use of chitosan and starfruit leaf extract (SFLE) in the composition of edible coatings for tomato fruit. Firmness, total titratable acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial load were measured every 5 days for 25 days. The results showed that the addition of SLFE to chitosan did not enhance the antimicrobial effect or firmness over the effects made by a separate use of chitosan and SFLE. Both components improved the shelf life of tomato fruits compared to untreated tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obed Niyimbabazi, Aimable Nsanzinshuti, Mediatrice Hatungimana, Hui Lin, Lili Zhang, D. Lin, Li Zhanxi
Abstract Pennisetum sinese is a giant grass with a fast-growing and high rooting rate, high sugar, protein content, and high biomass yield, which causes it to be an efficient and economic energy crop of high productivity, application in phytoremediation, and fodder production. The composting system of this grass that is adapted to the simplest formulation is easy and economically feasible in small farms for cultivating oyster mushrooms. In this study, giant grass compost was employed as a substrate for cultivating three Pleurotus species: P. florida, P. pulmonarius, and P. ostreatus to assess their enzyme activities, growth, and yields. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was the most active enzyme in each species, while other enzymes were differently expressed between species and developmental phases. The average mass of fruiting bodies formed on the giant grass compost was 173.4 g, 166.5 g, and 152.2 g. The biological effectivity was 82.6%, 78.6%, and 72.5% for P. pulmonarius, P. ostreatus, and P. florida, respectively. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of giant grass compost for the cultivation of the three studied Pleurotus species.
{"title":"Ability of Three Pleurotus Species for Effective use of Giant Grass Compost","authors":"Obed Niyimbabazi, Aimable Nsanzinshuti, Mediatrice Hatungimana, Hui Lin, Lili Zhang, D. Lin, Li Zhanxi","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pennisetum sinese is a giant grass with a fast-growing and high rooting rate, high sugar, protein content, and high biomass yield, which causes it to be an efficient and economic energy crop of high productivity, application in phytoremediation, and fodder production. The composting system of this grass that is adapted to the simplest formulation is easy and economically feasible in small farms for cultivating oyster mushrooms. In this study, giant grass compost was employed as a substrate for cultivating three Pleurotus species: P. florida, P. pulmonarius, and P. ostreatus to assess their enzyme activities, growth, and yields. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was the most active enzyme in each species, while other enzymes were differently expressed between species and developmental phases. The average mass of fruiting bodies formed on the giant grass compost was 173.4 g, 166.5 g, and 152.2 g. The biological effectivity was 82.6%, 78.6%, and 72.5% for P. pulmonarius, P. ostreatus, and P. florida, respectively. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of giant grass compost for the cultivation of the three studied Pleurotus species.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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