Abstract Research was carried out on the germination of seeds obtained from crossings between the cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) ‘Sokolica’, ‘Willamette’, ‘Veten’, ‘Canby’ and ‘Glen Ample’ depending on the age of the seeds. The crossings were performed in the winter–spring of 2015–2018 in a heated greenhouse. The obtained seeds were stored dry in paper bags at a temperature of 4–5 °C. In January 2019, seeds were scarified and then cold stratified for 50 days and seeded in pots in a greenhouse. The seedling emergence was assessed 60 days after sowing. The seeds produced in 2015 had the lowest germination percentage (14% on average for all combinations of crosses), while the seeds produced in 2018 had a germination rate of 44.9%. Significant differences were also observed in the emergence of seedlings from different combinations. On average, the fewest seedlings were obtained from the combination ‘Glen Ample’ × ‘Willamette’ and the most from ‘Sokolica’ × ‘Willamette’.
{"title":"Seed Germination of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Depending on the Age of Seeds and Hybridization Partners","authors":"A. Masny, J. Kubik, E. Žurawicz","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research was carried out on the germination of seeds obtained from crossings between the cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) ‘Sokolica’, ‘Willamette’, ‘Veten’, ‘Canby’ and ‘Glen Ample’ depending on the age of the seeds. The crossings were performed in the winter–spring of 2015–2018 in a heated greenhouse. The obtained seeds were stored dry in paper bags at a temperature of 4–5 °C. In January 2019, seeds were scarified and then cold stratified for 50 days and seeded in pots in a greenhouse. The seedling emergence was assessed 60 days after sowing. The seeds produced in 2015 had the lowest germination percentage (14% on average for all combinations of crosses), while the seeds produced in 2018 had a germination rate of 44.9%. Significant differences were also observed in the emergence of seedlings from different combinations. On average, the fewest seedlings were obtained from the combination ‘Glen Ample’ × ‘Willamette’ and the most from ‘Sokolica’ × ‘Willamette’.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43383938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obse F. Etefa, Sirawudink F. Forsido, Mathewos Temesgen Kebede
Abstract Fruits and vegetables are the horticultural crops playing a significant role in Ethiopia's food security, livelihood, and economy. However, the postharvest loss results are a severe challenge for the producers, and this review summarizes this problem. The total postharvest loss of horticultural crops, including fruits and vegetables, at various stages: harvesting, storage, transportation, and marketing ranges from 15 to 70%. Postharvest loss of vegetables alone is about 40%. Fruits like mango, banana, papaya, avocado, sweet orange, etc., take the largest share of the total postharvest loss. The postharvest causes of losses are diseases, insects, rodents, thefts, mechanical damage, premature harvesting, harvesting of overmature crops, improper harvesting and storage techniques, shortage of appropriate packaging and marketing system, seasonal fluctuation of the products, and gender inequality. Therefore, applying a possible and convenient loss reduction strategy is imperative to increase the supply of fruits and vegetables in the country.
{"title":"Postharvest Loss, Causes, and Handling Practices of Fruits and Vegetables in Ethiopia: Scoping Review","authors":"Obse F. Etefa, Sirawudink F. Forsido, Mathewos Temesgen Kebede","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fruits and vegetables are the horticultural crops playing a significant role in Ethiopia's food security, livelihood, and economy. However, the postharvest loss results are a severe challenge for the producers, and this review summarizes this problem. The total postharvest loss of horticultural crops, including fruits and vegetables, at various stages: harvesting, storage, transportation, and marketing ranges from 15 to 70%. Postharvest loss of vegetables alone is about 40%. Fruits like mango, banana, papaya, avocado, sweet orange, etc., take the largest share of the total postharvest loss. The postharvest causes of losses are diseases, insects, rodents, thefts, mechanical damage, premature harvesting, harvesting of overmature crops, improper harvesting and storage techniques, shortage of appropriate packaging and marketing system, seasonal fluctuation of the products, and gender inequality. Therefore, applying a possible and convenient loss reduction strategy is imperative to increase the supply of fruits and vegetables in the country.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45890870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A system for the extraction, filtration, and concentration of date fruit syrup was developed. The syrup was first extracted under 1000 mbar and under partial vacuums of −1.8, −2.8, and −5.5 mbar in an extractor developed by the authors, then filtered using a filtration ladder of 1.0, 0.25, 0.112, and 0.011-mm pore sizes and finally concentrated to the product known as a dip in the Arab world. The concentration of the syrup to dip was done in a rotary evaporator at 50 °C and 180 rpm for 9–11 hours and under direct sun rays at approximately 48 °C, placed in stainless steel trays (61 × 46 × 5 cm) for 4 hours (12:30–4:30 p.m. The quality of dip produced under sun evaporation was compared to that of a commercial one collected from the markets in Saudi Arabia and was found to be superior due to two decisive criteria, namely color (the appearance) and pH (the taste), and also in terms of other nutritional components.
{"title":"Development and Optimization of a System for the Extraction, Filtration, and Concentration of Date Fruit Syrup to Produce High-Quality Dips","authors":"S. Hamad, Mohamed Al Saikhan, Mohamed Babeker","doi":"10.2478/johr-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A system for the extraction, filtration, and concentration of date fruit syrup was developed. The syrup was first extracted under 1000 mbar and under partial vacuums of −1.8, −2.8, and −5.5 mbar in an extractor developed by the authors, then filtered using a filtration ladder of 1.0, 0.25, 0.112, and 0.011-mm pore sizes and finally concentrated to the product known as a dip in the Arab world. The concentration of the syrup to dip was done in a rotary evaporator at 50 °C and 180 rpm for 9–11 hours and under direct sun rays at approximately 48 °C, placed in stainless steel trays (61 × 46 × 5 cm) for 4 hours (12:30–4:30 p.m. The quality of dip produced under sun evaporation was compared to that of a commercial one collected from the markets in Saudi Arabia and was found to be superior due to two decisive criteria, namely color (the appearance) and pH (the taste), and also in terms of other nutritional components.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"45 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Treder, K. Klamkowski, A. Tryngiel-Gać, K. Wójcik
Abstract The study evaluated the possibility of using the image acquisition and processing method with ImageJ software for estimating growth vigor and flowering intensity of ‘Conference’ pear trees. For assessing flowering intensity, manual counting of flower clusters and taking of photographs of the trees were conducted at full bloom. Tree vigor was estimated by manually measuring the total length of the central leader and shoots of individual trees. The trees were photographed from the same distance using a hand-held camera. The calibration model for assessing the vigor or flowering of trees by image analysis was based on measurements and photographs taken for nine selected trees differing in the total length of shoots or in the number of flower clusters. Then, a quality assessment of the model was carried out on 26 nonselected trees. Image processing was performed using ImageJ software. High regression coefficients were obtained between the surface area of petals measured on the photographs and the number of inflorescences counted (r2 = 0.98); however, observations carried out in the following year indicate the need for individual calibration of estimation models in each evaluation season. Subsequently, the quality of estimating the flowering intensity of pear trees was assessed using a previously determined calibration model. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values ranged from 14.0% to 21.8%, depending on the measurement time. In the assessment of tree growth vigor, a high correlation (r2 = 0.98) was also obtained between the actual length of shoots measured individually for each tree and the values obtained by analyzing the photographic image, where the MAPE error was 12.9%.
{"title":"Application of ImageJ Software in the assessment of flowering Intensity and growth Vigor of Pear Trees","authors":"W. Treder, K. Klamkowski, A. Tryngiel-Gać, K. Wójcik","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study evaluated the possibility of using the image acquisition and processing method with ImageJ software for estimating growth vigor and flowering intensity of ‘Conference’ pear trees. For assessing flowering intensity, manual counting of flower clusters and taking of photographs of the trees were conducted at full bloom. Tree vigor was estimated by manually measuring the total length of the central leader and shoots of individual trees. The trees were photographed from the same distance using a hand-held camera. The calibration model for assessing the vigor or flowering of trees by image analysis was based on measurements and photographs taken for nine selected trees differing in the total length of shoots or in the number of flower clusters. Then, a quality assessment of the model was carried out on 26 nonselected trees. Image processing was performed using ImageJ software. High regression coefficients were obtained between the surface area of petals measured on the photographs and the number of inflorescences counted (r2 = 0.98); however, observations carried out in the following year indicate the need for individual calibration of estimation models in each evaluation season. Subsequently, the quality of estimating the flowering intensity of pear trees was assessed using a previously determined calibration model. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values ranged from 14.0% to 21.8%, depending on the measurement time. In the assessment of tree growth vigor, a high correlation (r2 = 0.98) was also obtained between the actual length of shoots measured individually for each tree and the values obtained by analyzing the photographic image, where the MAPE error was 12.9%.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43531443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Orchids (Phalaenopsis) are ornamental plants that are cultivated commercially and in great demand in the market. Soft-rot disease (SRD) caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Dickeya dadantii is a cause of considerable economic loss to cultivators of many orchid species. Our previous experiment identified a limited number of species that were resistant to D. dadantii. This study aimed to validate the resistance level of four Phalaenopsis species in a detached leaf inoculation protocol to identify the resistance mechanism(s) involved. Soft-rot symptom diameter was measured from 6 to 18 hours post-inoculation (HPI) with D. dadantii. Disease assessment confirmed that P. amboinensis is a resistant species, P. pantherina is a susceptible species, and P. amabilis and P. schilleriana are very susceptible species. There was no difference in the lignin content between the resistant and very susceptible species. Detailed observation of resistant and very susceptible species, P. amboinensis vs. P. amabilis, revealed higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) in P. amabilis than in P. amboinensis. In contrast, there was higher salicylic acid (SA) content in P. amboinensis than in P. amabilis. These results suggest that POD and PAL activities may not be effective in defense against soft-rot disease, while SA plays an important role in the resistance of P. amboinensis to D. dadantii. Low PAL activity in P. amboinensis implies that the SA contents from the isochorismate pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. amboinensis resistance to D. dadantii. Therefore, endogenous SA content may be a good indicator for screening resistant species in Phalaenopsis.
{"title":"Relationship of Resistance-Related Enzyme Activity and Salicylic Acid Content in Phalaenopsis Species with Different Levels of Resistance to Dickeya dadantii","authors":"I. Sanjaya, D. Sukma, S. Sudarsono, M. Chan","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Orchids (Phalaenopsis) are ornamental plants that are cultivated commercially and in great demand in the market. Soft-rot disease (SRD) caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Dickeya dadantii is a cause of considerable economic loss to cultivators of many orchid species. Our previous experiment identified a limited number of species that were resistant to D. dadantii. This study aimed to validate the resistance level of four Phalaenopsis species in a detached leaf inoculation protocol to identify the resistance mechanism(s) involved. Soft-rot symptom diameter was measured from 6 to 18 hours post-inoculation (HPI) with D. dadantii. Disease assessment confirmed that P. amboinensis is a resistant species, P. pantherina is a susceptible species, and P. amabilis and P. schilleriana are very susceptible species. There was no difference in the lignin content between the resistant and very susceptible species. Detailed observation of resistant and very susceptible species, P. amboinensis vs. P. amabilis, revealed higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) in P. amabilis than in P. amboinensis. In contrast, there was higher salicylic acid (SA) content in P. amboinensis than in P. amabilis. These results suggest that POD and PAL activities may not be effective in defense against soft-rot disease, while SA plays an important role in the resistance of P. amboinensis to D. dadantii. Low PAL activity in P. amboinensis implies that the SA contents from the isochorismate pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. amboinensis resistance to D. dadantii. Therefore, endogenous SA content may be a good indicator for screening resistant species in Phalaenopsis.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"31 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49095125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neegam Nain, G. K. Katoch, Sawinder Kaur, Prasad Rasane
Abstract The world population is elevating rapidly, the demand for fruits and vegetables is increasing due to their nutritional value, and the concerns regarding the quality have been amplified. Therefore, the development of various techniques to retain quality attributes, and shelf-life extension of food has become a focal point for researchers and food industries. One of the economical techniques used for the preservation of food is the application of edible coating onto the surface of fresh or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. The foremost advantage of edible coating is that it is eco-friendly. Edible coatings can improve nutritional quality along with the maintenance of physiological attributes of fruits and vegetables. It can also act as a vehicle to carry active components, such as essential oils and spices that also carry antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The application of nanotechnology for the formulation of edible coating is playing a significant role and aids in the reduction of microbial load on fruits and vegetables. The main aim of this review is to bring up-to-date information regarding various edible coatings used on minimally processed fruits and vegetables – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, composites, fruit purees, and herb-based edible coatings and their significant effect on the physiological properties of produces. The information will be beneficial for the researchers and scholars to study the various effects of edible coatings on minimally processed fruits and vegetables.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Edible Coatings for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables","authors":"Neegam Nain, G. K. Katoch, Sawinder Kaur, Prasad Rasane","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The world population is elevating rapidly, the demand for fruits and vegetables is increasing due to their nutritional value, and the concerns regarding the quality have been amplified. Therefore, the development of various techniques to retain quality attributes, and shelf-life extension of food has become a focal point for researchers and food industries. One of the economical techniques used for the preservation of food is the application of edible coating onto the surface of fresh or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. The foremost advantage of edible coating is that it is eco-friendly. Edible coatings can improve nutritional quality along with the maintenance of physiological attributes of fruits and vegetables. It can also act as a vehicle to carry active components, such as essential oils and spices that also carry antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The application of nanotechnology for the formulation of edible coating is playing a significant role and aids in the reduction of microbial load on fruits and vegetables. The main aim of this review is to bring up-to-date information regarding various edible coatings used on minimally processed fruits and vegetables – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, composites, fruit purees, and herb-based edible coatings and their significant effect on the physiological properties of produces. The information will be beneficial for the researchers and scholars to study the various effects of edible coatings on minimally processed fruits and vegetables.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"127 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41747895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamental plants. In this study, the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), promoters, and minerals on callus induction and plant regeneration in different carnation cultivars were studied in a completely randomized design with three replications. For callus induction, 16 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and casein hydrolysate (CH) were studied using in vitro leaf explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·dm−3 of 2,4-D and 200 mg·dm−3 of CH showed the highest frequency of callus induction. Among the cultivars, ‘Noblesse’ showed the highest rate of callus induction (91.67%). Regarding regeneration, BA, NAA, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and adenine hemisulfate (As) were used in ten different combinations. The ‘Cameron’, ‘Tabasco’, and ‘Noblesse’ cultivars with 95.24% regeneration percentage showed the highest rate of plant regeneration. Generally, in most cultivars, the highest regeneration rate and shoot number per explant were found in the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg·dm−3 of BA, 0.6 mg·dm−3 of NAA, 5 mg·dm−3 of AgNO3, and 40 mg·dm−3 of As. According to the results, the highest regeneration frequency was obtained when 40 mg·dm−3 of As was added to the medium. Finally, the flow cytometry analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between in vitro regenerated and control plants in terms of DNA ratios.
{"title":"Efficient Plant Regeneration via Indirect Organogenesis in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus semperflorens flore pleno) Cultivars","authors":"H. Sabaghi, G. Sharifi-sirchi, P. Azadi, M. Azimi","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamental plants. In this study, the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), promoters, and minerals on callus induction and plant regeneration in different carnation cultivars were studied in a completely randomized design with three replications. For callus induction, 16 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and casein hydrolysate (CH) were studied using in vitro leaf explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·dm−3 of 2,4-D and 200 mg·dm−3 of CH showed the highest frequency of callus induction. Among the cultivars, ‘Noblesse’ showed the highest rate of callus induction (91.67%). Regarding regeneration, BA, NAA, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and adenine hemisulfate (As) were used in ten different combinations. The ‘Cameron’, ‘Tabasco’, and ‘Noblesse’ cultivars with 95.24% regeneration percentage showed the highest rate of plant regeneration. Generally, in most cultivars, the highest regeneration rate and shoot number per explant were found in the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg·dm−3 of BA, 0.6 mg·dm−3 of NAA, 5 mg·dm−3 of AgNO3, and 40 mg·dm−3 of As. According to the results, the highest regeneration frequency was obtained when 40 mg·dm−3 of As was added to the medium. Finally, the flow cytometry analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between in vitro regenerated and control plants in terms of DNA ratios.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"65 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44735882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study evaluated some physiological and biochemical changes that accompanied the growth stages of custard apple cultivated in Lang Son, Vietnam. Regarding the pigment content of the peel, the research results showed that the content of chlorophyll a, b, and total reached the highest value at week 13, then decreased rapidly when the fruit entered the ripening stage. Meanwhile, carotenoid content in the peel increased gradually from week 3 until complete ripening at week 16, from 0.014 to 0.063 mg·g−1 fresh peel. Protein, lipid, and tannin content in the fruit flesh decreased gradually from week 3 to maturity. The vitamin C and reducing sugar content tended to reduce in week 3 to 7, then increased again until the fruit ripened. While the starch content varied quite complicatedly, it decreased from week 3 to 7, increased again from week 9 to 13, then decreased sharply as the fruit entered the ripening stage (down from 10.011% at week 13 to 1.795% at week 16). Regarding enzyme activity, α-amylase and peroxidase activity increased during the fruit development stages, corresponding to week 3 to 15 in this study. At week 16, the peroxidase activity continued to increase, while the α-amylase activity began to decrease. Unlike these two enzymes, catalase activity gradually increased from fruit formation to the 11th-week fruit stage, reaching 11.542 µM H2O2·g−1·min−1, and then decreased rapidly to 3.167 µM H2O2·g−1·min−1 in the 16th-week fruit stage.
{"title":"Physiological and Biochemical Changes During the Growth of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Fruit Cultivated in Vietnam","authors":"T. Le, Trong V. Le, Hang T.K. Doan, K. N. Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluated some physiological and biochemical changes that accompanied the growth stages of custard apple cultivated in Lang Son, Vietnam. Regarding the pigment content of the peel, the research results showed that the content of chlorophyll a, b, and total reached the highest value at week 13, then decreased rapidly when the fruit entered the ripening stage. Meanwhile, carotenoid content in the peel increased gradually from week 3 until complete ripening at week 16, from 0.014 to 0.063 mg·g−1 fresh peel. Protein, lipid, and tannin content in the fruit flesh decreased gradually from week 3 to maturity. The vitamin C and reducing sugar content tended to reduce in week 3 to 7, then increased again until the fruit ripened. While the starch content varied quite complicatedly, it decreased from week 3 to 7, increased again from week 9 to 13, then decreased sharply as the fruit entered the ripening stage (down from 10.011% at week 13 to 1.795% at week 16). Regarding enzyme activity, α-amylase and peroxidase activity increased during the fruit development stages, corresponding to week 3 to 15 in this study. At week 16, the peroxidase activity continued to increase, while the α-amylase activity began to decrease. Unlike these two enzymes, catalase activity gradually increased from fruit formation to the 11th-week fruit stage, reaching 11.542 µM H2O2·g−1·min−1, and then decreased rapidly to 3.167 µM H2O2·g−1·min−1 in the 16th-week fruit stage.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"75 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Shevchuk, I. Grynyk, L. Levchuk, Svitlana Babenko, H. Podpriatov, P. Kondratenko
Abstract As a result of the evaluation of the physical and biochemical quality indicators of the fruit of thirteen apple cultivars of Ukrainian breeding, it was found that the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Harant’, ‘Edera’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Todes’ and ‘Askol’da’ are characterized by high stability of market traits based on the maximum diameter of the equatorial dimension, which varies depending on the cultivar, from 70 mm to 78 mm. The firmness of the fruit flesh of the evaluated cultivars in the harvest maturity was over 7.0 kg·cm−2 but in ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Dmiana’ this indicator was 11.1 kg·cm−2. The fruits of ‘Harant’ and ‘Todes’ were distinguished by a high dry matter content (over 18%). The highest content of soluble solids (14.5%) was accumulated in the fruits of ‘Dmiana’, and the maximum amount of sugars (11.6%) in the fruit of the ‘Ornament’. The fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Edera’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Kateryna’ and ‘Dmiana’ were characterized by excellent taste quality based on the values of the sugar-acid index (20–25). In the fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’, a stable pectin content (over 1%) was found. The fruits of ‘Harant’ accumulated a high content of ascorbic acid (11.5 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight), while ‘Kateryna’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Askol’da’ contained over 240 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight of polyphenols. According to the complex of the quality indices, the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Askol’da’ and ‘Dmiana’ were distinguished by high commercial value and excellent consumption properties. The fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Ornament’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’ were characterized by stable carbohydrate content, while ‘Harant’ and ‘Askol’da’ by a stable high content of ascorbic acid and polyphenols, respectively.
{"title":"Fruit Quality Indicators of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Bred in Ukraine","authors":"L. Shevchuk, I. Grynyk, L. Levchuk, Svitlana Babenko, H. Podpriatov, P. Kondratenko","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a result of the evaluation of the physical and biochemical quality indicators of the fruit of thirteen apple cultivars of Ukrainian breeding, it was found that the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Harant’, ‘Edera’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Todes’ and ‘Askol’da’ are characterized by high stability of market traits based on the maximum diameter of the equatorial dimension, which varies depending on the cultivar, from 70 mm to 78 mm. The firmness of the fruit flesh of the evaluated cultivars in the harvest maturity was over 7.0 kg·cm−2 but in ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Dmiana’ this indicator was 11.1 kg·cm−2. The fruits of ‘Harant’ and ‘Todes’ were distinguished by a high dry matter content (over 18%). The highest content of soluble solids (14.5%) was accumulated in the fruits of ‘Dmiana’, and the maximum amount of sugars (11.6%) in the fruit of the ‘Ornament’. The fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Edera’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Kateryna’ and ‘Dmiana’ were characterized by excellent taste quality based on the values of the sugar-acid index (20–25). In the fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’, a stable pectin content (over 1%) was found. The fruits of ‘Harant’ accumulated a high content of ascorbic acid (11.5 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight), while ‘Kateryna’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Askol’da’ contained over 240 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight of polyphenols. According to the complex of the quality indices, the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Askol’da’ and ‘Dmiana’ were distinguished by high commercial value and excellent consumption properties. The fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Ornament’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’ were characterized by stable carbohydrate content, while ‘Harant’ and ‘Askol’da’ by a stable high content of ascorbic acid and polyphenols, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"95 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69222814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maral Hosseinzadeh, S. Aliniaeifard, A. Shomali, F. Didaran
Abstract Biomass partitioning is one of the pivotal determinants of crop growth management, which is influenced by environmental cues. Light and CO2 are the main drivers of photosynthesis and biomass production in plants. In this study, the effects of CO2 levels: ambient 400 ppm (a[CO2]) and elevated to 1,000 ppm (e[CO2]) and different light intensities (75, 150, 300, 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density – PPFD) were studied on the growth, yield, and biomass partitioning in chrysanthemum plants. The plants grown at higher light intensity had a higher dry weight (DW) of both the vegetative and floral organs. e[CO2] diminished the stimulating effect of more intensive light on the DW of vegetative organs, although it positively influenced inflorescence DW. The flowering time in plants grown at e[CO2] and light intensity of 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 occurred earlier than that of plants grown at a[CO2]. An increase in light intensity induced the allocation of biomass to inflorescence and e[CO2] enhanced the increasing effect of light on the partitioning of biomass toward the inflorescence. In both CO2 concentrations, the highest specific leaf area (SLA) was detected under the lowest light intensity, especially in plants grown at e[CO2]. In conclusion, elevated light intensity and CO2 direct the biomass toward inflorescence in chrysanthemum plants.
{"title":"Interaction of Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration Alters Biomass Partitioning in Chrysanthemum","authors":"Maral Hosseinzadeh, S. Aliniaeifard, A. Shomali, F. Didaran","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biomass partitioning is one of the pivotal determinants of crop growth management, which is influenced by environmental cues. Light and CO2 are the main drivers of photosynthesis and biomass production in plants. In this study, the effects of CO2 levels: ambient 400 ppm (a[CO2]) and elevated to 1,000 ppm (e[CO2]) and different light intensities (75, 150, 300, 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density – PPFD) were studied on the growth, yield, and biomass partitioning in chrysanthemum plants. The plants grown at higher light intensity had a higher dry weight (DW) of both the vegetative and floral organs. e[CO2] diminished the stimulating effect of more intensive light on the DW of vegetative organs, although it positively influenced inflorescence DW. The flowering time in plants grown at e[CO2] and light intensity of 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 occurred earlier than that of plants grown at a[CO2]. An increase in light intensity induced the allocation of biomass to inflorescence and e[CO2] enhanced the increasing effect of light on the partitioning of biomass toward the inflorescence. In both CO2 concentrations, the highest specific leaf area (SLA) was detected under the lowest light intensity, especially in plants grown at e[CO2]. In conclusion, elevated light intensity and CO2 direct the biomass toward inflorescence in chrysanthemum plants.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"45 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47290102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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