The aim of this review is to summarize data published on the use of hypnotherapy in cancer patients. Cancer is probably a disease people fear the most. Indeed, the majority of cancer patients experience stress, anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and pain. Medical treatments of cancer such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are clearly necessary but can affect patients on different levels and hence have a negative impact on physical and mental health. This review examines the effect of clinical hypnotherapy performed in cancer care, particularly on psychological disturbances, pain, and fatigue. A literature search of relevant literature was performed from February 2016 to October 2016. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDaily databases were searched using search terms for mind–body intervention “hypnotherapy,” “hypnosis,” and “hypnotism” combined with the term “cancer” and terms for symptoms of interest “pain,” “mood disturbances,” “psychological disturbances,” “fatigue,” “anger,” “aggression,” “anxiety,” “tension,” “depression,” “confusion,” “delirium,” “vigour.” English language peer-reviewed articles, randomized trials, and reviews were selected. A first extensive literature review resulted in 98 articles. Finally, 55 research papers were identified for further review and analysis. On the basis of review of previous researches, it can be concluded that hypnotherapy seems to improve the mental health as well as physical health in cancer patients. Moreover, of course, randomized prospective studies are now needed to confirm the observed advantages of hypnosis in the field of oncology.
{"title":"Hypnotherapy in cancer care: Clinical benefits and prospective implications","authors":"V. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_45_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_45_17","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to summarize data published on the use of hypnotherapy in cancer patients. Cancer is probably a disease people fear the most. Indeed, the majority of cancer patients experience stress, anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and pain. Medical treatments of cancer such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are clearly necessary but can affect patients on different levels and hence have a negative impact on physical and mental health. This review examines the effect of clinical hypnotherapy performed in cancer care, particularly on psychological disturbances, pain, and fatigue. A literature search of relevant literature was performed from February 2016 to October 2016. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDaily databases were searched using search terms for mind–body intervention “hypnotherapy,” “hypnosis,” and “hypnotism” combined with the term “cancer” and terms for symptoms of interest “pain,” “mood disturbances,” “psychological disturbances,” “fatigue,” “anger,” “aggression,” “anxiety,” “tension,” “depression,” “confusion,” “delirium,” “vigour.” English language peer-reviewed articles, randomized trials, and reviews were selected. A first extensive literature review resulted in 98 articles. Finally, 55 research papers were identified for further review and analysis. On the basis of review of previous researches, it can be concluded that hypnotherapy seems to improve the mental health as well as physical health in cancer patients. Moreover, of course, randomized prospective studies are now needed to confirm the observed advantages of hypnosis in the field of oncology.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":"96 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79824351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: There is an increase in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity across the globe. Blood pressure (BP) has been found to increase among populations with high body mass index (BMI). Overweight and high BP both have independent fatal health consequences as they carry serious risk factors for several noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, and even death. It is against this background that this research was carried out to corroborate similar result in Ghana. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of BMI and BP of adults of 30–50 years. Materials and Methods: the WHO STEPwise questionnaires modified to obtain information on demography and lifestyle. Weight and height were measured using seca scale and stadiometer, respectively. BP was also recorded using digital sphygmomanometer. A 24-h recall method was used to assess the dietary intake of participants. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 20.0% and 7.5%, respectively. About 32.5% of the participants (200) were hypertensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mm Hg). A significant difference existed between high and normal SBP of the participants (P = 0.01). Conclusion: An increase in BMI positively influenced BP among these study adults' population.
目的:在全球范围内，超重和肥胖的患病率有所上升。研究发现，在身体质量指数(BMI)较高的人群中，血压(BP)升高。超重和高血压都有独立的致命健康后果，因为它们携带一些非传染性疾病的严重危险因素，如心脏病、中风、II型糖尿病，甚至死亡。正是在这种背景下进行了这项研究，以证实加纳的类似结果。本研究的目的是确定30-50岁成年人BMI和BP的相关性。材料与方法:采用世界卫生组织step - wise问卷进行修改，获取人口学和生活方式信息。体重和身高分别用体重计和体重计测量。用数字血压计记录血压。采用24小时回忆法评估参与者的饮食摄入量。结果:超重和肥胖的患病率分别为20.0%和7.5%。约32.5%的参与者(200人)患有高血压(收缩压[SBP]≥140 mm Hg)。高收缩压组与正常收缩压组差异有统计学意义(P = 0.01)。结论:BMI升高对研究人群的血压有积极影响。
{"title":"Correlation of body mass index and blood pressure of adults of 30–50 years of age in Ghana","authors":"F. Vuvor","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_93_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_93_16","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: There is an increase in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity across the globe. Blood pressure (BP) has been found to increase among populations with high body mass index (BMI). Overweight and high BP both have independent fatal health consequences as they carry serious risk factors for several noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, and even death. It is against this background that this research was carried out to corroborate similar result in Ghana. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of BMI and BP of adults of 30–50 years. Materials and Methods: the WHO STEPwise questionnaires modified to obtain information on demography and lifestyle. Weight and height were measured using seca scale and stadiometer, respectively. BP was also recorded using digital sphygmomanometer. A 24-h recall method was used to assess the dietary intake of participants. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 20.0% and 7.5%, respectively. About 32.5% of the participants (200) were hypertensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mm Hg). A significant difference existed between high and normal SBP of the participants (P = 0.01). Conclusion: An increase in BMI positively influenced BP among these study adults' population.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88827503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common serious infection in childhood. Bacterial resistance is widespread, with large geographical variations related to behaviors in antibiotics prescription. Identification of etiologic organisms of CAP and their resistance pattern must be done to guide the physicians for proper antimicrobial use. Aim: To identify the causative organisms most frequently isolated from children hospitalized for pneumonia and analyze their susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents most often used in pediatric practice. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six immunocompetent children hospitalized in Jeddah Clinic Hospital with CAP from January 2010 to September 2011 were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged between 6 weeks and 15 years. Chest radiograph, complete blood count test (CBC), C-reactive protein, test and sputum culture and sensitivity were done for all patients. Results: One hundred and nine (35.82%) participants were infants < 1 year, 43.58% were >1 year ≤5 years, and 20.6% were >5 years. A pathogen was identified in 34.12% of sputum cultures, 56.4% were typical respiratory pathogenic bacteria while 43.56% were normal commensals. Sputum cultures grew Streptococcus pneumonia in 8.77% of respiratory pathogens, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (19.3%), Group B β-hemolytic Streptococcus (8.77%), Escherichia coli (33.3%), Klebsiella spp. (14%), and Pseudomonas (14%). High antimicrobial resistance was recorded for penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefuroxime in Gram-positive organisms. Twenty-one percent of E. coli and 50% of Klebsiella spp. were resistant to spectrin. Conclusions: Higher incidence of CAP due to E. coli was recorded. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance to penicillin and second-generation cephalosporin.
{"title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired pneumonia in children","authors":"M. Mansour, K. A. Al Hadidi, M. Hamed","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_75_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_75_15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common serious infection in childhood. Bacterial resistance is widespread, with large geographical variations related to behaviors in antibiotics prescription. Identification of etiologic organisms of CAP and their resistance pattern must be done to guide the physicians for proper antimicrobial use. Aim: To identify the causative organisms most frequently isolated from children hospitalized for pneumonia and analyze their susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents most often used in pediatric practice. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six immunocompetent children hospitalized in Jeddah Clinic Hospital with CAP from January 2010 to September 2011 were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged between 6 weeks and 15 years. Chest radiograph, complete blood count test (CBC), C-reactive protein, test and sputum culture and sensitivity were done for all patients. Results: One hundred and nine (35.82%) participants were infants < 1 year, 43.58% were >1 year ≤5 years, and 20.6% were >5 years. A pathogen was identified in 34.12% of sputum cultures, 56.4% were typical respiratory pathogenic bacteria while 43.56% were normal commensals. Sputum cultures grew Streptococcus pneumonia in 8.77% of respiratory pathogens, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (19.3%), Group B β-hemolytic Streptococcus (8.77%), Escherichia coli (33.3%), Klebsiella spp. (14%), and Pseudomonas (14%). High antimicrobial resistance was recorded for penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefuroxime in Gram-positive organisms. Twenty-one percent of E. coli and 50% of Klebsiella spp. were resistant to spectrin. Conclusions: Higher incidence of CAP due to E. coli was recorded. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance to penicillin and second-generation cephalosporin.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"122 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.208115
R. Sandhu, S. Dahiya, P. Sayal, Diksha Budhani
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of nonalbicans Candida (NAC) along with their associated risk factors, clinical outcome, and antifungal susceptibility pattern among inpatients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study comprising 94 isolates of Candida species obtained from various clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. The clinical charts of patients were reviewed retrospectively who stayed in the hospital for more than 7 days irrespective of their diagnosis. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used which involves the use of simple percentage and bar chart to analyze the data. In addition, Chi-square test was performed and P value was calculated. Results: NAC was identified in 72 (77%) patients and Candida albicans in 22 (23%). Factors associated with Candida krusei were stay in hospital ≥15 days (78%), broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (72%), prophylactic fluconazole therapy (67%), preterm newborn with low birth weight (LBW) (67%), stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ≥10 days (67%), indwelling devices (67%), and mechanical ventilation (67%); Candida glabrata infection as broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (69%), preterm newborn with LBW (62%), stay in ICU ≥10 days (62%), and indwelling devices (62%); Candida tropicalis as indwelling devices (86%), broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (71%), stay in ICU ≥10 days (71%), stay in hospital ≥15 days (71%), pulmonary tuberculosis (71%), neutropenia (71%). Amphotericin B was effective against both C. albicans as well as NAC with susceptibility of 91% and 89%, respectively. Mortality was similar in patients infected with C. albicans and nonalbicans species (27.27% vs. 27.77%). Conclusion: The study concludes higher prevalence of NAC with majority of patients having multiple underlying illnesses and other associated risk factors. Continued surveillance of Candida infections will be required to document changes in epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities.
目的:本研究的目的是评估非白色念珠菌(NAC)在住院患者中的分布及其相关的危险因素、临床结果和抗真菌药敏模式。材料和方法:回顾性描述性研究，包括从住院患者的各种临床标本中分离的94株念珠菌。回顾性回顾了住院7天以上的患者的临床图表，无论其诊断如何。统计分析:使用描述性统计，包括使用简单的百分比和条形图来分析数据。并进行卡方检验，计算P值。结果:72例(77%)患者检出NAC, 22例(23%)患者检出白色念珠菌。与克鲁氏念珠菌相关的因素为住院≥15天(78%)、广谱抗菌药物治疗(72%)、预防性氟康唑治疗(67%)、低出生体重早产儿(67%)、重症监护病房(ICU)住院≥10天(67%)、留置装置(67%)和机械通气(67%);光秃念珠菌感染作为广谱抗菌药物治疗(69%)，早产新生儿伴LBW (62%)， ICU住院≥10天(62%)，留置装置(62%);热带念珠菌留置器(86%)、广谱抗菌药物(71%)、ICU住院≥10天(71%)、住院≥15天(71%)、肺结核(71%)、中性粒细胞减少(71%)。两性霉素B对白色念珠菌和NAC均有效，敏感性分别为91%和89%。感染白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌的患者死亡率相似(27.27% vs. 27.77%)。结论:研究表明，NAC的患病率较高，大多数患者有多种潜在疾病和其他相关危险因素。需要继续监测念珠菌感染，以记录流行病学和抗真菌敏感性的变化。
{"title":"Increased role of nonalbicans Candida, potential risk factors, and attributable mortality in hospitalized patients","authors":"R. Sandhu, S. Dahiya, P. Sayal, Diksha Budhani","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.208115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.208115","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of nonalbicans Candida (NAC) along with their associated risk factors, clinical outcome, and antifungal susceptibility pattern among inpatients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study comprising 94 isolates of Candida species obtained from various clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. The clinical charts of patients were reviewed retrospectively who stayed in the hospital for more than 7 days irrespective of their diagnosis. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used which involves the use of simple percentage and bar chart to analyze the data. In addition, Chi-square test was performed and P value was calculated. Results: NAC was identified in 72 (77%) patients and Candida albicans in 22 (23%). Factors associated with Candida krusei were stay in hospital ≥15 days (78%), broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (72%), prophylactic fluconazole therapy (67%), preterm newborn with low birth weight (LBW) (67%), stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ≥10 days (67%), indwelling devices (67%), and mechanical ventilation (67%); Candida glabrata infection as broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (69%), preterm newborn with LBW (62%), stay in ICU ≥10 days (62%), and indwelling devices (62%); Candida tropicalis as indwelling devices (86%), broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (71%), stay in ICU ≥10 days (71%), stay in hospital ≥15 days (71%), pulmonary tuberculosis (71%), neutropenia (71%). Amphotericin B was effective against both C. albicans as well as NAC with susceptibility of 91% and 89%, respectively. Mortality was similar in patients infected with C. albicans and nonalbicans species (27.27% vs. 27.77%). Conclusion: The study concludes higher prevalence of NAC with majority of patients having multiple underlying illnesses and other associated risk factors. Continued surveillance of Candida infections will be required to document changes in epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77587978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_125_16
Yike Li
Aims and Objectives: To estimate the efficacy of interventions in the management of blood viscosity for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) using meta-analysis method. Materials and Methods: An extensive search for literature was performed to identify publications from 1966 to 2016 in Cochrane controlled clinical trials register online, Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS Preview, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Wanfang. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) with valid control groups were included in this study. Each trial was graded for methodological quality using a 6-point standard. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of intervention in managing blood viscosity on hearing improvement (primary outcome), relief of tinnitus and vertigo (secondary outcomes) for ISSNHL. Tests for sensitivity, heterogeneity as well as publication bias were also performed to evaluate the validity of results. Results: Forty-nine RCTs with a total of 4978 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio of all interventions was 3.12 (P < 0.01). Significant effect sizes were shown on fibrinogen reduction, plasmapheresis, and anticoagulation as well as hemodilution. The mean methodological score was 3.0. There was great homogeneity between studies. No evidence of publication bias was found. Sensitivity test showed reliability and robustness of the results. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided evidence to support the effect of interventions that manage blood viscosity in the treatment of ISSNHL. There is a need for more high-quality RCTs in the future, especially for hemodilution, anticoagulation as well as plasmapheresis.
目的和目的:采用荟萃分析方法评估干预措施对特发性突发性感音神经性听力损失(ISSNHL)患者血液粘度管理的效果。材料与方法:广泛检索Cochrane在线对照临床试验注册、Medline、EMBASE、BIOSIS预览、Web of Science、中国知识资源综合数据库和万方数据库中1966 - 2016年发表的文献。本研究仅纳入具有有效对照组的随机对照试验(RCTs)。每个试验采用6分标准对方法学质量进行评分。荟萃分析评估了干预血液粘度对ISSNHL患者听力改善(主要结局)、耳鸣和眩晕缓解(次要结局)的效果。还进行了敏感性、异质性和发表偏倚检验，以评估结果的有效性。结果:49项随机对照试验共纳入4978例患者。各干预措施的总优势比为3.12 (P < 0.01)。在纤维蛋白原减少、血浆置换、抗凝和血液稀释方面显示了显著的效应值。平均方法评分为3.0分。研究之间有很大的一致性。未发现发表偏倚的证据。敏感性检验表明结果具有可靠性和稳健性。结论:本荟萃分析提供了证据，支持控制血液粘度的干预措施在ISSNHL治疗中的作用。未来需要更多高质量的随机对照试验，特别是血液稀释、抗凝和血浆置换。
{"title":"Interventions in the management of blood viscosity for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A meta-analysis","authors":"Yike Li","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_125_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_125_16","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: To estimate the efficacy of interventions in the management of blood viscosity for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) using meta-analysis method. Materials and Methods: An extensive search for literature was performed to identify publications from 1966 to 2016 in Cochrane controlled clinical trials register online, Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS Preview, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Wanfang. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) with valid control groups were included in this study. Each trial was graded for methodological quality using a 6-point standard. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of intervention in managing blood viscosity on hearing improvement (primary outcome), relief of tinnitus and vertigo (secondary outcomes) for ISSNHL. Tests for sensitivity, heterogeneity as well as publication bias were also performed to evaluate the validity of results. Results: Forty-nine RCTs with a total of 4978 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio of all interventions was 3.12 (P < 0.01). Significant effect sizes were shown on fibrinogen reduction, plasmapheresis, and anticoagulation as well as hemodilution. The mean methodological score was 3.0. There was great homogeneity between studies. No evidence of publication bias was found. Sensitivity test showed reliability and robustness of the results. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided evidence to support the effect of interventions that manage blood viscosity in the treatment of ISSNHL. There is a need for more high-quality RCTs in the future, especially for hemodilution, anticoagulation as well as plasmapheresis.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"50 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85488738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_102_16
B. Akhiwu, D. Saheeb, H. Akhiwu, D. Osunde, B. Ojukwu, M. Babashani
Background: Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) is a routine procedure in maxillofacial surgery in developing countries. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pulmonary functions (forced expiratory volume in 1 min [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) of adult Nigerian patients who had MMF and to find the associated changes in pulmonary functions in the postoperative period vis-à -vis pulmonary function tests among healthy adult Nigerians. Settings and Design: The study setting was the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria, and the study design was prospective hospital based. Materials and Methods: One hundred and six patients and 106 controls were recruited between January 2011 and December 2012. Information was obtained using a questionnaire. All study participants had their baseline lung functions measured; the treatment group in addition had their postoperative daily lung function parameters measured for the 1st week and then weekly for the next 5 weeks. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The mean and standard deviation values of physical characteristics and ventilatory functions were determined in both men and women. The mean values were compared using Student's t-test. Statistical significance was inferred at P ≤ 0.05. Results: One hundred and seventy males and 42 females participated in the study. The control group had a mean age of 30.25 ± 9.05, weight 64.08 ± 9.90, height 1.67 ± 0.10, body mass index (BMI) 23.32 ± 3.07, basal FVC 3.70 ± 0.71, basal FEV13.16 ± 0.54, and basal PEFR8.35 ± 1.62. For the treatment group, the mean age was 30.68 ± 8.23, weight 64.91 ± 9.96, height 1.66 ± 0.10, BMI 23.21 ± 3.14, basal FVC 3.72 ± 0.69, basal FEV13.14 ± 0.51, and the basal PEFR8.18 ± 1.61. Conclusion: The postoperative mean FVC, FEV1, and PEFRvalues drop significantly by more than 50% when compared to the preoperative values in the first postoperative week with the nadir on the second postoperative day in the patients with MMF.
背景:上颌下颌固定(MMF)是发展中国家颌面外科的常规手术。目的:本研究的目的是确定尼日利亚成年MMF患者的肺功能(1分钟用力呼气量[FEV1]、用力肺活量[FVC]和呼气流量峰值[PEFR])，并通过对比肺功能测试在尼日利亚健康成人患者中发现术后肺功能的相关变化。环境与设计:研究环境为尼日利亚北部某教学医院口腔颌面外科，研究设计为前瞻性医院。材料与方法:2011年1月至2012年12月招募106例患者和106例对照。通过问卷调查获得信息。所有研究参与者都测量了他们的基线肺功能;治疗组术后第1周每日测量肺功能参数，随后5周每周测量一次。统计分析:使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16, SPSS Inc.， Chicago, IL, USA)进行统计分析。测定男性和女性的身体特征和通气功能的平均值和标准差值。采用学生t检验比较平均值。P≤0.05，差异有统计学意义。结果:170名男性和42名女性参与了这项研究。对照组平均年龄30.25±9.05，体重64.08±9.90，身高1.67±0.10，体质指数(BMI) 23.32±3.07,FVC基础3.70±0.71,fev基础13.16±0.54,pefr基础8.35±1.62。治疗组平均年龄30.68±8.23，体重64.91±9.96，身高1.66±0.10,BMI 23.21±3.14,FVC基础3.72±0.69,fev基础13.14±0.51,pefr基础8.18±1.61。结论:MMF患者术后平均FVC、FEV1、pefr3值较术前在术后第一周显著下降50%以上，术后第2天达到最低点。
{"title":"The effects of maxillomandibular fixation on ventilatory functions in adult Nigerians","authors":"B. Akhiwu, D. Saheeb, H. Akhiwu, D. Osunde, B. Ojukwu, M. Babashani","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_102_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_102_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) is a routine procedure in maxillofacial surgery in developing countries. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pulmonary functions (forced expiratory volume in 1 min [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) of adult Nigerian patients who had MMF and to find the associated changes in pulmonary functions in the postoperative period vis-à -vis pulmonary function tests among healthy adult Nigerians. Settings and Design: The study setting was the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria, and the study design was prospective hospital based. Materials and Methods: One hundred and six patients and 106 controls were recruited between January 2011 and December 2012. Information was obtained using a questionnaire. All study participants had their baseline lung functions measured; the treatment group in addition had their postoperative daily lung function parameters measured for the 1st week and then weekly for the next 5 weeks. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The mean and standard deviation values of physical characteristics and ventilatory functions were determined in both men and women. The mean values were compared using Student's t-test. Statistical significance was inferred at P ≤ 0.05. Results: One hundred and seventy males and 42 females participated in the study. The control group had a mean age of 30.25 ± 9.05, weight 64.08 ± 9.90, height 1.67 ± 0.10, body mass index (BMI) 23.32 ± 3.07, basal FVC 3.70 ± 0.71, basal FEV13.16 ± 0.54, and basal PEFR8.35 ± 1.62. For the treatment group, the mean age was 30.68 ± 8.23, weight 64.91 ± 9.96, height 1.66 ± 0.10, BMI 23.21 ± 3.14, basal FVC 3.72 ± 0.69, basal FEV13.14 ± 0.51, and the basal PEFR8.18 ± 1.61. Conclusion: The postoperative mean FVC, FEV1, and PEFRvalues drop significantly by more than 50% when compared to the preoperative values in the first postoperative week with the nadir on the second postoperative day in the patients with MMF.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":"84 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83011089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Central obesity or abdominal obesity doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to gynoid pattern of fat distribution. Maximal oxygen consumption (V.O2max) is an index of aerobic capacity and low level of V.O2maxis an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of central obesity on V.O2maxin young adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 133 apparently healthy subjects (male = 83, female = 50) in the age group of 17–25 years was carried out. Waist circumference (WC) was measured by fiberglass measuring tape to nearest 0.1 cm. V.O2maxwas measured by submaximal treadmill exercise test by first two stages of Bruce protocol. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation according to necessity. Results: Male subjects (n = 83) had statistically significant (P < 0.0001) higher V.O2max(mean ± standard deviation) (38.024 ± 6.243) than the female subjects (n = 50) (33.611 ± 3.470). WC showed negative correlation with V.O2max(r = −0.629, P < 0.0001). Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) showed more negative correlation (r = −0.728, P < 0.0001) with V.O2max. Conclusions: Male has more aerobic capacity than female. Increase in WC and WHtR are associated with decreases in V.O2max. When compared to WC, WHtR is better predictor variable for V.O2max.
{"title":"Correlation of waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio with maximal aerobic capacity in young adults","authors":"Himel Mondal, S. Mishra","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_5_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_5_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Central obesity or abdominal obesity doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to gynoid pattern of fat distribution. Maximal oxygen consumption (V.O2max) is an index of aerobic capacity and low level of V.O2maxis an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of central obesity on V.O2maxin young adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 133 apparently healthy subjects (male = 83, female = 50) in the age group of 17–25 years was carried out. Waist circumference (WC) was measured by fiberglass measuring tape to nearest 0.1 cm. V.O2maxwas measured by submaximal treadmill exercise test by first two stages of Bruce protocol. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation according to necessity. Results: Male subjects (n = 83) had statistically significant (P < 0.0001) higher V.O2max(mean ± standard deviation) (38.024 ± 6.243) than the female subjects (n = 50) (33.611 ± 3.470). WC showed negative correlation with V.O2max(r = −0.629, P < 0.0001). Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) showed more negative correlation (r = −0.728, P < 0.0001) with V.O2max. Conclusions: Male has more aerobic capacity than female. Increase in WC and WHtR are associated with decreases in V.O2max. When compared to WC, WHtR is better predictor variable for V.O2max.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83186090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.208121
B. Mishra, N. Sinha, Habib ur Rehman
Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze does the difference in blood pressure (BP) measured by different arm cuffs has a clinical/diagnostic implication? Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of sample rural population from Central India. Materials and Methods: Three different adult arm cuffs were used on a selected 394 rural population from 35 to 65 years age group to estimate BP. Their BP was taken on three different times of the day on three different occasions/days. Statistical Analysis: Basic sociodemographic profiles were expressed in frequency and percentages; relationships of hypertension (HTN) with sociodemographic and other risk factors were calculated by Chi-square test; variability in BP by different arm cuffs was expressed by mean, standard deviations, and ANOVA; and prevalence difference of HTN by different arm cuffs was expressed by frequency, percentage, paired t- test, and Chi-square test. Results and Conclusions: The routinely used small adult cuff was found appropriate in only 3.8% of cases studied, thereby highlighting the prevalence of under cuffing at 96.2%. The mean variation in systolic and diastolic BP recorded by using small adult arm cuff vs. medium arm cuff and small arm cuff vs. large arm cuffs were 5.9mm Hg/4.4mm Hg and 9mmHg/7.2mmHg respectively. These observations were both clinically and statistically significant. Our study reported an overestimation of 4.8% systolic and 15% diastolic HTN by the exclusive use of small adult arm cuff. The prevalence of systolic, diastolic, and both systolic and diastolic HTN in selected age group using the correct arm cuff was found to be 20.8%, 29.6%, and 37.5%, respectively. Thus, arm cuff mismatch was a prevalent cause in misdiagnosis of primary HTN in our study population.
{"title":"Quantifying variation in blood pressure measurement through different arm cuffs and estimating its impact on diagnosis of hypertension at community level","authors":"B. Mishra, N. Sinha, Habib ur Rehman","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.208121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.208121","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze does the difference in blood pressure (BP) measured by different arm cuffs has a clinical/diagnostic implication? Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of sample rural population from Central India. Materials and Methods: Three different adult arm cuffs were used on a selected 394 rural population from 35 to 65 years age group to estimate BP. Their BP was taken on three different times of the day on three different occasions/days. Statistical Analysis: Basic sociodemographic profiles were expressed in frequency and percentages; relationships of hypertension (HTN) with sociodemographic and other risk factors were calculated by Chi-square test; variability in BP by different arm cuffs was expressed by mean, standard deviations, and ANOVA; and prevalence difference of HTN by different arm cuffs was expressed by frequency, percentage, paired t- test, and Chi-square test. Results and Conclusions: The routinely used small adult cuff was found appropriate in only 3.8% of cases studied, thereby highlighting the prevalence of under cuffing at 96.2%. The mean variation in systolic and diastolic BP recorded by using small adult arm cuff vs. medium arm cuff and small arm cuff vs. large arm cuffs were 5.9mm Hg/4.4mm Hg and 9mmHg/7.2mmHg respectively. These observations were both clinically and statistically significant. Our study reported an overestimation of 4.8% systolic and 15% diastolic HTN by the exclusive use of small adult arm cuff. The prevalence of systolic, diastolic, and both systolic and diastolic HTN in selected age group using the correct arm cuff was found to be 20.8%, 29.6%, and 37.5%, respectively. Thus, arm cuff mismatch was a prevalent cause in misdiagnosis of primary HTN in our study population.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"71 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75275142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naturally available fruits and vegetables along with a healthy diet does provide all required nutrients to the body. Then why do people go behind the so-called “health supplements” - vitamins, minerals, herbal immune booster, probiotics, tonics, etc? Do you really need them? Patients in India are desperate to grab the shortcut to good health. They buy products which are unnecessary and which do not have any beneficial effect. On the other hand, health of the patient is undermined as he skips essential drugs which doctors would have prescribed according to the health of a patient. Misconceptions that herbal medicines are safe and without side effects need to be addressed. Patients need to be educated regarding health supplements, its consequences, costs and its implications, and nonadherence. The need of the hour is educating patients to be the guardian of their own health. Numerous reviews exist on health supplementation; however, many facts remain unexplored. This review focuses on what needs to be done for optimal health care.
{"title":"Health supplements, patient behavior, concordance-does anybody bother?","authors":"N. Kamat","doi":"10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_19_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_19_17","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally available fruits and vegetables along with a healthy diet does provide all required nutrients to the body. Then why do people go behind the so-called “health supplements” - vitamins, minerals, herbal immune booster, probiotics, tonics, etc? Do you really need them? Patients in India are desperate to grab the shortcut to good health. They buy products which are unnecessary and which do not have any beneficial effect. On the other hand, health of the patient is undermined as he skips essential drugs which doctors would have prescribed according to the health of a patient. Misconceptions that herbal medicines are safe and without side effects need to be addressed. Patients need to be educated regarding health supplements, its consequences, costs and its implications, and nonadherence. The need of the hour is educating patients to be the guardian of their own health. Numerous reviews exist on health supplementation; however, many facts remain unexplored. This review focuses on what needs to be done for optimal health care.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":"47 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86628666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.208120
Y. Lawal, F. Anumah, A. Bakari
Aim: To determine the relationship between glucose dysregulation and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Settings and Design: Zaria is a major city located on the high plains of Northern Nigeria, 652.6 m above the sea level, some 950 km away from the coast. Its location is latitude 112°31” N and longitude 7°42” E. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Participants not previously known to have diabetes mellitus (DM) who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled after cluster random sampling. The study was carried out over a period of 12 months. Materials and Methods: Four hundred apparently healthy participants were recruited through cluster sampling from their respective communities after due consent. Relevant biodata were documented, and appropriate examinations including anthropometric measurements were carried out. Plasma glucose and hsCRP levels were subsequently measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Microsoft excel was used for data entry while SPSS software version 19 was used for data analysis. Pearson's Correlation was used to test for association between plasma glucose levels and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hsCRP. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether BMI, WC, WHR, and hsCRP were significant determinants of glucose dysregulation. Significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results and Conclusions: BMI, WC, WHR, and hsCRP were shown to be significant determinants of glucose dysregulation. Therefore, a chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of DM.
{"title":"Is glucose dysregulation an inflammatory process?","authors":"Y. Lawal, F. Anumah, A. Bakari","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.208120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.208120","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the relationship between glucose dysregulation and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Settings and Design: Zaria is a major city located on the high plains of Northern Nigeria, 652.6 m above the sea level, some 950 km away from the coast. Its location is latitude 112°31” N and longitude 7°42” E. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Participants not previously known to have diabetes mellitus (DM) who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled after cluster random sampling. The study was carried out over a period of 12 months. Materials and Methods: Four hundred apparently healthy participants were recruited through cluster sampling from their respective communities after due consent. Relevant biodata were documented, and appropriate examinations including anthropometric measurements were carried out. Plasma glucose and hsCRP levels were subsequently measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Microsoft excel was used for data entry while SPSS software version 19 was used for data analysis. Pearson's Correlation was used to test for association between plasma glucose levels and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hsCRP. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether BMI, WC, WHR, and hsCRP were significant determinants of glucose dysregulation. Significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results and Conclusions: BMI, WC, WHR, and hsCRP were shown to be significant determinants of glucose dysregulation. Therefore, a chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of DM.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"66 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86559460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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