Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection presenting within 30 days after the surgical procedure if no prosthetic is placed and up to 1 year if prosthetic is implanted in the patient. Despite standard protocols for preoperative preparation and antimicrobial prophylaxis, the rate of SSI varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. Reasons could be multifactorial, but one among them is lack of adherence to any of the antibiotic policy. To review the drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials in the perioperative period and to study its impact on SSI, the above study has been carried out. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study has been carried out in the Department of General surgery of SBM Patil Medical College Hospital. Patients of either sex who underwent surgical procedures such as appendectomy and hernioplasty have been included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned pro forma. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: A total of 140 patients underwent surgical procedures, of which 70 were male and 70 were female. Open appendectomy was the most common procedure performed, followed by hernioplasty in 18 patients. Ceftriaxone–sulbactam was the frequently prescribed antibiotic and six patients developed SSI. Conclusion: Despite use of antibiotics, six patients developed SSI. Hence, auditing of the antimicrobial usage as surgical prophylaxis is need of the hour. Because prescriber's worldwide running out of antibiotic options, it is mandatory for each hospital to have formulary for antibiotic use depending on the pattern of organisms isolated.
{"title":"Analysis of drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials used as surgical prophylaxis for general surgical procedures in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka: An observational study","authors":"B. Patil, A. Khot, A. Patil, A. Naikwadi","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_44_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_44_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection presenting within 30 days after the surgical procedure if no prosthetic is placed and up to 1 year if prosthetic is implanted in the patient. Despite standard protocols for preoperative preparation and antimicrobial prophylaxis, the rate of SSI varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. Reasons could be multifactorial, but one among them is lack of adherence to any of the antibiotic policy. To review the drug utilization pattern of antimicrobials in the perioperative period and to study its impact on SSI, the above study has been carried out. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study has been carried out in the Department of General surgery of SBM Patil Medical College Hospital. Patients of either sex who underwent surgical procedures such as appendectomy and hernioplasty have been included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned pro forma. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: A total of 140 patients underwent surgical procedures, of which 70 were male and 70 were female. Open appendectomy was the most common procedure performed, followed by hernioplasty in 18 patients. Ceftriaxone–sulbactam was the frequently prescribed antibiotic and six patients developed SSI. Conclusion: Despite use of antibiotics, six patients developed SSI. Hence, auditing of the antimicrobial usage as surgical prophylaxis is need of the hour. Because prescriber's worldwide running out of antibiotic options, it is mandatory for each hospital to have formulary for antibiotic use depending on the pattern of organisms isolated.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"22 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84941064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare. Common sites of NETs are the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In 2010, the World Health Organization classified NETs into mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), tumors that have both exocrine and endocrine components of at least 30% each. Since it is relatively a new entity, only case reports and case series are available. In the past 7 years, there were only eight reports from India. We report a further four cases of this nascent disorder from a single institution, obtained retrospectively. The first includes an elderly man with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent subtotal gastrectomy for antropyloric growth, which was a low-grade MANEC. The second was a female patient with chronic pancreatitis and presented with obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary growth. Whipple's specimen showed an intermediate-grade MANEC. The third case was a 40-year-old female with caecal growth and ovarian mass and was found to have a low-grade MANEC. The fourth, also in a female, was a case of abdominal wall abscess with an intraabdominal connection to the intestine and she had omental deposits and high-grade MANEC. The pathological findings are discussed and compared other reports from the country.
{"title":"Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma: A report of four cases from South India","authors":"S. Vijayakumar, S. Jacob, B. Badhe, B. Srinivas","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_39_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_39_18","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare. Common sites of NETs are the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In 2010, the World Health Organization classified NETs into mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), tumors that have both exocrine and endocrine components of at least 30% each. Since it is relatively a new entity, only case reports and case series are available. In the past 7 years, there were only eight reports from India. We report a further four cases of this nascent disorder from a single institution, obtained retrospectively. The first includes an elderly man with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent subtotal gastrectomy for antropyloric growth, which was a low-grade MANEC. The second was a female patient with chronic pancreatitis and presented with obstructive jaundice due to an ampullary growth. Whipple's specimen showed an intermediate-grade MANEC. The third case was a 40-year-old female with caecal growth and ovarian mass and was found to have a low-grade MANEC. The fourth, also in a female, was a case of abdominal wall abscess with an intraabdominal connection to the intestine and she had omental deposits and high-grade MANEC. The pathological findings are discussed and compared other reports from the country.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"59 1","pages":"31 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87084875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Occupational safety and health hazards in health-care facilities (HCFs) can be grouped according to location or service offered. Contaminated laundry, noise, heat, lifting, sharps, slips, trips, falls, and fire hazards are among those located in the laundry department. Aims: This study sought to assess the measures to reduce workplace hazards, thereby providing information on the hazard management system in various HCFs, as this would prove useful to establish appropriate interventions to further ensure the health and safety of workers in hospital laundries. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in six hospitals with a laundry department in Benin city, composed of one available tertiary HCF and five secondary HCFs. Data were collected through the hazard identification checklist, which was used to determine the safe/unsafe acts and conditions of the workplaces. Results: The percentage rating for the assessment of the hazard management system in the hospital laundry between the health facility types was 39.57% ± 7.12% for the secondary health facilities, while that of the tertiary health facility was 51.85%. A comparison of the means showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the average rating between secondary and tertiary health facility (P = 0.191), (95% confidence interval = −0.339–0.094). Conclusion: Adverse health and safety effects can be avoided or minimized drastically if the associated hazards are properly managed; however, the hazards management system in the health-care laundries was adjudged to be substandard, in both the tertiary and secondary health facilities.
{"title":"A comparative study of the hazards management system associated with laundry operations in secondary and Tertiary Health Facilities in Nigeria","authors":"E. Omoijiade","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_48_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_48_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational safety and health hazards in health-care facilities (HCFs) can be grouped according to location or service offered. Contaminated laundry, noise, heat, lifting, sharps, slips, trips, falls, and fire hazards are among those located in the laundry department. Aims: This study sought to assess the measures to reduce workplace hazards, thereby providing information on the hazard management system in various HCFs, as this would prove useful to establish appropriate interventions to further ensure the health and safety of workers in hospital laundries. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in six hospitals with a laundry department in Benin city, composed of one available tertiary HCF and five secondary HCFs. Data were collected through the hazard identification checklist, which was used to determine the safe/unsafe acts and conditions of the workplaces. Results: The percentage rating for the assessment of the hazard management system in the hospital laundry between the health facility types was 39.57% ± 7.12% for the secondary health facilities, while that of the tertiary health facility was 51.85%. A comparison of the means showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the average rating between secondary and tertiary health facility (P = 0.191), (95% confidence interval = −0.339–0.094). Conclusion: Adverse health and safety effects can be avoided or minimized drastically if the associated hazards are properly managed; however, the hazards management system in the health-care laundries was adjudged to be substandard, in both the tertiary and secondary health facilities.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"125 1","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77273013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Fasipe, P. Akhideno, A. Adelosoye, P. Osho, O. Ibiyemi-Fasipe, E. Osho
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it could produce a negative adverse health effect. The various emerging and current investigational methods or techniques for the analysis and determination of total body fat composition and body fat percentage are the theoretical gold standard method of underwater weighing which has its foundation on Archimedes' principle, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Whole-body Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP), Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), Near Infrared interactance (NIR), Body Average Density (BAD) Measurement, Ultrasound Sonography Technique (UST) and Anthropometric Measurements (AM) such as triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Stature ratio (WSR or WHtR), Waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) and/or Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI). We the authors of this research work currently propose and recommend the Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI) as novel anthropometric measurements that will serve as a more reliable predictor and accurate indicator of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including body fat redistribution, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Furthermore, We also jointly propose and recommend the diagnostic and interventional criteria for obesity treatment which are the First Criteria (Criteria-I) and Second Criteria (Criteria-II). These criteria take into consideration the presence of an individual body mass index (BMI), presence of at least one waist circumference (WC) dependent parameters (such as WC or WHR or WHtR or WTR or any of the ODI) that fall into the obesity reference range, and/or presence of at least one obesity-related comorbid conditions/risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, heart failure, ischemic heart diseases, sleep apnea, depression disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or any other obesity-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, initiation of appropriate treatment in the form of High-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions alone or a combination of pharmacotherapy with Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions should be commenced for any patient that meet these stipulated criteria guidelines.
{"title":"Emerging and current trend in the investigation of obesity in clinical practice","authors":"O. Fasipe, P. Akhideno, A. Adelosoye, P. Osho, O. Ibiyemi-Fasipe, E. Osho","doi":"10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_15_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_15_18","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it could produce a negative adverse health effect. The various emerging and current investigational methods or techniques for the analysis and determination of total body fat composition and body fat percentage are the theoretical gold standard method of underwater weighing which has its foundation on Archimedes' principle, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Whole-body Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP), Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), Near Infrared interactance (NIR), Body Average Density (BAD) Measurement, Ultrasound Sonography Technique (UST) and Anthropometric Measurements (AM) such as triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Stature ratio (WSR or WHtR), Waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) and/or Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI). We the authors of this research work currently propose and recommend the Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI) as novel anthropometric measurements that will serve as a more reliable predictor and accurate indicator of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including body fat redistribution, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Furthermore, We also jointly propose and recommend the diagnostic and interventional criteria for obesity treatment which are the First Criteria (Criteria-I) and Second Criteria (Criteria-II). These criteria take into consideration the presence of an individual body mass index (BMI), presence of at least one waist circumference (WC) dependent parameters (such as WC or WHR or WHtR or WTR or any of the ODI) that fall into the obesity reference range, and/or presence of at least one obesity-related comorbid conditions/risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, heart failure, ischemic heart diseases, sleep apnea, depression disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or any other obesity-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, initiation of appropriate treatment in the form of High-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions alone or a combination of pharmacotherapy with Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions should be commenced for any patient that meet these stipulated criteria guidelines.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"58 1","pages":"117 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89343208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is an extremely uncommon tumor of female genital tract origin with the incidence of 0.1%–1.8% of all genital malignancies. Due to its nonspecific symptomatology and rarity of this neoplasm, correct preoperative diagnosis is made only in 4% of the cases and is usually first recognized by pathologist. Our case was a 39-year-old patient who presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and pelvic mass. On physical examination, lower abdominal tenderness was found. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydrosalpinx. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed features of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the left fallopian tube. The patient was referred to oncologist for chemotherapy. Six months following initial surgery, the patient is in good condition. This case is being reported due to the scarcity of data published from the Indian population and rarity of this neoplasm.
{"title":"Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: A case of rare malignancy","authors":"P. Chakrabarti, S. Bera, S. Rana","doi":"10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_29_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_29_18","url":null,"abstract":"Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is an extremely uncommon tumor of female genital tract origin with the incidence of 0.1%–1.8% of all genital malignancies. Due to its nonspecific symptomatology and rarity of this neoplasm, correct preoperative diagnosis is made only in 4% of the cases and is usually first recognized by pathologist. Our case was a 39-year-old patient who presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and pelvic mass. On physical examination, lower abdominal tenderness was found. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydrosalpinx. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed features of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the left fallopian tube. The patient was referred to oncologist for chemotherapy. Six months following initial surgery, the patient is in good condition. This case is being reported due to the scarcity of data published from the Indian population and rarity of this neoplasm.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"58 1","pages":"161 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81431450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rajni, V. Rajpurohit, P. Rathore, Deep Shikhar, P. Khatri
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a serious global public health threat. Antibiotic overuse, improper sanitation and unhygienic practices lead to large scale carriage and rapid spread. Biofilm formation by these strains can lead to far reaching consequences. Material and Method: This is a prospective hospital based study planned for a period of 3 months including all patients admitted to 14 bedded Trauma ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan. Rectal swabs were collected from admitted patients and carriage of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae looked for as per CDC guidelines. Screening of the Enterobacteriaceae colonies for carbapenemase production was done by Modified Hodge test. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were also tested for Metallobetalactamase production by phenotypic disc confirmatory test. Biofilm formation testing was done by Tissue culture plate method. Results: A total of 73 patients were screened and 27 CRE isolates were obtained, carriage rate being 37%. A high level of resistance was seen to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. 100% sensitivity was however seen to Colistin, Tigecycline and Fosfomycin. 5 out of 27 strains showed a positive MHT test. Metallo beta lactamase (MBL) production was seen in 21/25 strains as tested by meropenem and meropenem-edta discs. Of the 27 CRE isolates tested for biofilm production, 13 (48.15%) were found positive. Conclusion: The current study finds out the prevalence of CRE carriage and the biofilm forming potential of these strains among critically ill patients and stresses upon urgent need for stringent infection control measures.
{"title":"Biofilm formation by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from surveillance cultures in Intensive Care Unit patients: A significant problem","authors":"E. Rajni, V. Rajpurohit, P. Rathore, Deep Shikhar, P. Khatri","doi":"10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_26_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_26_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a serious global public health threat. Antibiotic overuse, improper sanitation and unhygienic practices lead to large scale carriage and rapid spread. Biofilm formation by these strains can lead to far reaching consequences. Material and Method: This is a prospective hospital based study planned for a period of 3 months including all patients admitted to 14 bedded Trauma ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan. Rectal swabs were collected from admitted patients and carriage of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae looked for as per CDC guidelines. Screening of the Enterobacteriaceae colonies for carbapenemase production was done by Modified Hodge test. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were also tested for Metallobetalactamase production by phenotypic disc confirmatory test. Biofilm formation testing was done by Tissue culture plate method. Results: A total of 73 patients were screened and 27 CRE isolates were obtained, carriage rate being 37%. A high level of resistance was seen to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. 100% sensitivity was however seen to Colistin, Tigecycline and Fosfomycin. 5 out of 27 strains showed a positive MHT test. Metallo beta lactamase (MBL) production was seen in 21/25 strains as tested by meropenem and meropenem-edta discs. Of the 27 CRE isolates tested for biofilm production, 13 (48.15%) were found positive. Conclusion: The current study finds out the prevalence of CRE carriage and the biofilm forming potential of these strains among critically ill patients and stresses upon urgent need for stringent infection control measures.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"147 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74168490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity is a public health dilemma worldwide. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing tremendously in the world. Overweight children and youth are probable to develop diseases in the later years. This study described the obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth. The study also determined the association of these factors to children and youth weight status. This narrative review obtained thirty-four pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2018. The data were extracted from Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PubMed. Numerous reviewed articles identified obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth as follows: familial factors, food retail environment, Westernization, food advertisement, and unhealthy food choices in school. Familial factors comprise parenting style and socioeconomic status. Food retail environment results were gathered from Thailand, China, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Korea. The effect of Westernization was seen in four cities of India and China. Influences of food advertisement were studied in Korea, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia. Unhealthy food choices in school were evident in South Asia, China, India, and Malaysia. These five factors are considered and an appropriate health program must be established to address this health problem.
{"title":"Obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth","authors":"IzaDonna Ramos Togbo","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_27_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_27_18","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a public health dilemma worldwide. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing tremendously in the world. Overweight children and youth are probable to develop diseases in the later years. This study described the obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth. The study also determined the association of these factors to children and youth weight status. This narrative review obtained thirty-four pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2018. The data were extracted from Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PubMed. Numerous reviewed articles identified obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth as follows: familial factors, food retail environment, Westernization, food advertisement, and unhealthy food choices in school. Familial factors comprise parenting style and socioeconomic status. Food retail environment results were gathered from Thailand, China, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Korea. The effect of Westernization was seen in four cities of India and China. Influences of food advertisement were studied in Korea, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia. Unhealthy food choices in school were evident in South Asia, China, India, and Malaysia. These five factors are considered and an appropriate health program must be established to address this health problem.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73408782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gowranga Kumar Paul, Mossamet Kamrun Nesa, S. K. Mondal, Sifat Ar Salan, F. Mim
Background: Children malnutrition is one of the major public health-related concerns in all over the world, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several socioeconomic and demographic factors are responsible for this situation. Aims: The purpose of this research was to identify the contributing factors of malnutrition in Tangail district using primary data collected from rural Tangail. Materials and Methods: The sample was collected using the cluster sampling techniques. Villages were considered as a cluster, and the sample from cluster are selected using probability proportional to size method. In our study, we have categorized the child nutritional status as, “severely malnourished,” “moderately malnourished,” and “nourished” based on Weight-for-age z-score. Bivariate analysis was conducted by examining the gamma measurement for ordinal variables and to check the association between child nutrition status and selected individual variables; we have used the contingency table and Chi-square test. Statistical Analysis: Both univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis was conducted to meet the objectives of the study. The proportional odds model was selected to understand the stable effects of covariates influencing the child malnutrition. Results: Bivariate analysis shows significant (P < 0.01) associations for almost all of the selected covariates and the multivariate analysis describes the relationship between education and occupation, mother's (body mass index were found highly statistically significant (P < 0.01) and for child malnutrition. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the necessity of improving the mother's education level, nutritional status, and the job facilities for women to achieve the optimum nutrition for children under 5 years of age.
{"title":"Application of proportional odds model in identifying contributing factor of under-five child malnutrition in Bangladesh: A case study in Tangail district","authors":"Gowranga Kumar Paul, Mossamet Kamrun Nesa, S. K. Mondal, Sifat Ar Salan, F. Mim","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_38_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_38_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children malnutrition is one of the major public health-related concerns in all over the world, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several socioeconomic and demographic factors are responsible for this situation. Aims: The purpose of this research was to identify the contributing factors of malnutrition in Tangail district using primary data collected from rural Tangail. Materials and Methods: The sample was collected using the cluster sampling techniques. Villages were considered as a cluster, and the sample from cluster are selected using probability proportional to size method. In our study, we have categorized the child nutritional status as, “severely malnourished,” “moderately malnourished,” and “nourished” based on Weight-for-age z-score. Bivariate analysis was conducted by examining the gamma measurement for ordinal variables and to check the association between child nutrition status and selected individual variables; we have used the contingency table and Chi-square test. Statistical Analysis: Both univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis was conducted to meet the objectives of the study. The proportional odds model was selected to understand the stable effects of covariates influencing the child malnutrition. Results: Bivariate analysis shows significant (P < 0.01) associations for almost all of the selected covariates and the multivariate analysis describes the relationship between education and occupation, mother's (body mass index were found highly statistically significant (P < 0.01) and for child malnutrition. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the necessity of improving the mother's education level, nutritional status, and the job facilities for women to achieve the optimum nutrition for children under 5 years of age.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83885579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) attributed to the use of an indwelling catheter is one of the most common infections acquired by patients in health-care facilities. This infection is associated with varied microbiological etiology. This along with existing underlying condition increases hospitalization, medication, morbidity, and also adds to the financial burden. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a baseline information in the context of incidence of catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), to identify the associated microbial, and to determine their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents for prophylactic and empiric therapy in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on nonrepetitive urine samples from catheterized patients. Semi-quantitative bacterial culture was performed, and isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by disc diffusion technique using Mueller-Hinton Agar as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: Significant bacteriuria was observed among 17/161 (10.55%) urine samples. Among bacterial isolates, Gram-negative bacilli predominates. Escherichia coli 7/17 (41.17%) being the most common isolate. The incidence of UTI/1000 catheter days and urinary catheter utilization ratio observed in our study was 4.41 and 18.05, 0.673 and 0.066 for intensive care unit and wards, respectively. Conclusion: Burden of CAUTIs is vast with regards to incidence, patient outcomes, cost, reimbursement, and suffering. Our study underscores the pressing need for the development of antimicrobial urinary catheters and also we strove to minimize the effect of exogenous factors on the incidences of CAUTI and regarding the development of protocols and checklists on the insertion and management of indwelling urinary catheters based on the UTI prevention guideline.
{"title":"Catheterization-associated urinary tract infections: Epidemiology and incidence from tertiary care hospital in Haryana","authors":"R. Sandhu, P. Sayal, Ruchi Jakkhar, G. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_19_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_19_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) attributed to the use of an indwelling catheter is one of the most common infections acquired by patients in health-care facilities. This infection is associated with varied microbiological etiology. This along with existing underlying condition increases hospitalization, medication, morbidity, and also adds to the financial burden. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a baseline information in the context of incidence of catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), to identify the associated microbial, and to determine their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents for prophylactic and empiric therapy in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on nonrepetitive urine samples from catheterized patients. Semi-quantitative bacterial culture was performed, and isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by disc diffusion technique using Mueller-Hinton Agar as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: Significant bacteriuria was observed among 17/161 (10.55%) urine samples. Among bacterial isolates, Gram-negative bacilli predominates. Escherichia coli 7/17 (41.17%) being the most common isolate. The incidence of UTI/1000 catheter days and urinary catheter utilization ratio observed in our study was 4.41 and 18.05, 0.673 and 0.066 for intensive care unit and wards, respectively. Conclusion: Burden of CAUTIs is vast with regards to incidence, patient outcomes, cost, reimbursement, and suffering. Our study underscores the pressing need for the development of antimicrobial urinary catheters and also we strove to minimize the effect of exogenous factors on the incidences of CAUTI and regarding the development of protocols and checklists on the insertion and management of indwelling urinary catheters based on the UTI prevention guideline.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"36 1","pages":"135 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Ebraheem, B. Malik, Q. Ali, M. Gameraddin, Awadia Gareeballah
Background: Fetal foot length (FFL) is a biometric parameter that has been established for estimating the gestational age (GA). Accurate knowledge of fetal weight (FW) and GA assist Clinicians in the evaluation of fetal growth and predict neonatal outcomes. Aims: This study aims to predict the estimated FW and GA using the FFL in 26–40 weeks' gestation on antenatal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, we investigated the fetal measurements of FFL, femoral length (FL), and estimated FW in 100 pregnant women at 26–16 weeks' gestation who attended routine antenatal care. The fetal measurements were examined about the foot length. Results: The foot length was not a significance parameter to determine fetal gender (P = 0.6). There was no correlation of FFL with maternal socioeconomic status, parity, fetal gender, and maternal body mass index, P = 0.26, 0.84, 0.67, and 0.26, respectively. The FFL, FL, and estimated FW were strongly and linearly correlated with GA. The combination of FL, foot length, and estimated FW provide an accurate estimation of GA with minimum (standard error [SE] = 1.75). The combination of FL and foot length provide an accurate prediction of FW with SE of 320.52. The foot length and FL revealed similar values of SEs in estimated FW (R2 = 0.85) for each. Conclusions: The FFL is linearly correlated with GA, FW, and FL. It is an accurate parameter to assess the GA and reliable for predicting the estimated FW. This is useful for assessing fetal growth and skeletal dysplasia.
{"title":"Accuracy of fetal foot length measurement in estimation of gestational age and fetal weight in the third trimester of pregnancy","authors":"Mohamed Ebraheem, B. Malik, Q. Ali, M. Gameraddin, Awadia Gareeballah","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_23_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_23_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetal foot length (FFL) is a biometric parameter that has been established for estimating the gestational age (GA). Accurate knowledge of fetal weight (FW) and GA assist Clinicians in the evaluation of fetal growth and predict neonatal outcomes. Aims: This study aims to predict the estimated FW and GA using the FFL in 26–40 weeks' gestation on antenatal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, we investigated the fetal measurements of FFL, femoral length (FL), and estimated FW in 100 pregnant women at 26–16 weeks' gestation who attended routine antenatal care. The fetal measurements were examined about the foot length. Results: The foot length was not a significance parameter to determine fetal gender (P = 0.6). There was no correlation of FFL with maternal socioeconomic status, parity, fetal gender, and maternal body mass index, P = 0.26, 0.84, 0.67, and 0.26, respectively. The FFL, FL, and estimated FW were strongly and linearly correlated with GA. The combination of FL, foot length, and estimated FW provide an accurate estimation of GA with minimum (standard error [SE] = 1.75). The combination of FL and foot length provide an accurate prediction of FW with SE of 320.52. The foot length and FL revealed similar values of SEs in estimated FW (R2 = 0.85) for each. Conclusions: The FFL is linearly correlated with GA, FW, and FL. It is an accurate parameter to assess the GA and reliable for predicting the estimated FW. This is useful for assessing fetal growth and skeletal dysplasia.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"2018 1","pages":"142 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73306834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：