Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193183
U. Abubakar, Salisu Ismail, S. Ukwuani
Disc battery ingestion has increased drastically due to the fact that most household devices use these batteries. Children have access to these devices either as their toys which they play with or as devices that are used on daily basis such as remote control and watches. Children place things in their mouth, using it as a means of exploring their environment. It is common for these batteries to get impacted in the esophagus and if not removed immediately will cause liquifactive necrosis leading to perforation into the trachea which is closely related to the esophagus. We report a case of disc battery ingestion that presented to us with a tracheo-esophageal fistula. We also reviewed literature related to this pathology.
{"title":"Acquired tracheo-esophageal fistula from disc battery in a child: A case report and review of literature","authors":"U. Abubakar, Salisu Ismail, S. Ukwuani","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193183","url":null,"abstract":"Disc battery ingestion has increased drastically due to the fact that most household devices use these batteries. Children have access to these devices either as their toys which they play with or as devices that are used on daily basis such as remote control and watches. Children place things in their mouth, using it as a means of exploring their environment. It is common for these batteries to get impacted in the esophagus and if not removed immediately will cause liquifactive necrosis leading to perforation into the trachea which is closely related to the esophagus. We report a case of disc battery ingestion that presented to us with a tracheo-esophageal fistula. We also reviewed literature related to this pathology.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"119 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78314881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193181
M. Gameraddin, Mahmoud S. Babiker
Background: Renal cysts were common findings in the kidneys encountered in daily routine ultrasound examination. The majority is benign, but they can become complicated in the case of infection, hemorrhage, and ischemia. Sonographic evaluation plays a great role in classification and characterization of these lesions. Objective: The aim was to classify the renal cysts using ultrasound, to analyze the frequency of symptoms and signs, and to identify the significant factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted from September 2014 to December 2015. A total of 105 patients (78 males and 27 females) have been examined with ultrasound and confirm diagnosed with renal cysts. The sonographic criteria used for assessing renal cysts were wall-definition, thickness of septa, acoustic enhancement, shape and numbers of cysts, in addition to the genetic history of the family. Results: The incidence of renal cysts is significantly higher in male than female (74% vs. 26%, P= 0.01). Renal cysts were common in patients above 50 years old (80%). Aging was a significant factor of the renal cyst (P = 0.03) and size of the cysts was not significantly associated with age (P = 0.261). The majority of cysts was solitary (66%), unilateral (86%), and located in the right kidney (49%). The incidence of cortical simple renal was 73%, para-pelvic simple cysts was 17%, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 4.76%, and acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) was 4.76%. The majority of simple renal cysts were asymptomatic (75%). Hypertension and flank pain were the common symptoms of ADPKD and ACKD. Conclusion: Age and gender were significant risk factors of renal cysts. ADPKD and ACKD were less frequent among Sudanese adults. Hypertension and flank pain were the most common symptoms and signs of ADPKD and ACKD. Ultrasound plays an effective role to classify and assess renal cysts that help in management and follow-up.
{"title":"Renal cysts: Sonographic evaluation and classification in Sudanese adults","authors":"M. Gameraddin, Mahmoud S. Babiker","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal cysts were common findings in the kidneys encountered in daily routine ultrasound examination. The majority is benign, but they can become complicated in the case of infection, hemorrhage, and ischemia. Sonographic evaluation plays a great role in classification and characterization of these lesions. Objective: The aim was to classify the renal cysts using ultrasound, to analyze the frequency of symptoms and signs, and to identify the significant factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted from September 2014 to December 2015. A total of 105 patients (78 males and 27 females) have been examined with ultrasound and confirm diagnosed with renal cysts. The sonographic criteria used for assessing renal cysts were wall-definition, thickness of septa, acoustic enhancement, shape and numbers of cysts, in addition to the genetic history of the family. Results: The incidence of renal cysts is significantly higher in male than female (74% vs. 26%, P= 0.01). Renal cysts were common in patients above 50 years old (80%). Aging was a significant factor of the renal cyst (P = 0.03) and size of the cysts was not significantly associated with age (P = 0.261). The majority of cysts was solitary (66%), unilateral (86%), and located in the right kidney (49%). The incidence of cortical simple renal was 73%, para-pelvic simple cysts was 17%, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 4.76%, and acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) was 4.76%. The majority of simple renal cysts were asymptomatic (75%). Hypertension and flank pain were the common symptoms of ADPKD and ACKD. Conclusion: Age and gender were significant risk factors of renal cysts. ADPKD and ACKD were less frequent among Sudanese adults. Hypertension and flank pain were the most common symptoms and signs of ADPKD and ACKD. Ultrasound plays an effective role to classify and assess renal cysts that help in management and follow-up.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"127 22 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87755774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193188
T. Towheed, Shikha Gupta, Shari Glustein, V. Sahai
Introduction: Arthritis is a leading cause of functional impairment and health care utilization in Canada and in the Western world. The aim of this investigation is to quantify the frequency, severity, and magnitude of arthritis in Ontario, Canada, using recognized databases supplemented with comprehensive, population-based survey data to facilitate informed, evidence-based planning. Materials and Methods: Data from Vital Statistics (2011, mortality), Canadian Institute for Health Information (2013, Discharge Abstract Database), Census (2011, demographic information), National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (2013, emergency department visits), and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2011/12) were used to construct an arthritis pyramid for residents of Ontario aged 15 years and older. Results and Discussion: Although arthritis is not a common cause of death, it is an important reason for hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Its greatest impact lies in the prevalence of individuals who are affected; approximately 1.8 million individuals in Ontario, and the resulting negative impact on functional ability, health care utilization, and health-care costs. The impact on society is immense and is expected to worsen as the population ages. Conclusion: A nationwide health care strategy to prevent and manage all forms of arthritis is crucial. In order to do this, we must first understand its prevalence and impact on society. This study provides a detailed information on the iceberg effect for arthritis and offers valid information for regional planning, provincial comparisons and an illustration for similar analyses nationally and internationally.
{"title":"Quantifying the arthritis pyramid for Ontario by using comprehensive community health data","authors":"T. Towheed, Shikha Gupta, Shari Glustein, V. Sahai","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193188","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Arthritis is a leading cause of functional impairment and health care utilization in Canada and in the Western world. The aim of this investigation is to quantify the frequency, severity, and magnitude of arthritis in Ontario, Canada, using recognized databases supplemented with comprehensive, population-based survey data to facilitate informed, evidence-based planning. Materials and Methods: Data from Vital Statistics (2011, mortality), Canadian Institute for Health Information (2013, Discharge Abstract Database), Census (2011, demographic information), National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (2013, emergency department visits), and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2011/12) were used to construct an arthritis pyramid for residents of Ontario aged 15 years and older. Results and Discussion: Although arthritis is not a common cause of death, it is an important reason for hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Its greatest impact lies in the prevalence of individuals who are affected; approximately 1.8 million individuals in Ontario, and the resulting negative impact on functional ability, health care utilization, and health-care costs. The impact on society is immense and is expected to worsen as the population ages. Conclusion: A nationwide health care strategy to prevent and manage all forms of arthritis is crucial. In order to do this, we must first understand its prevalence and impact on society. This study provides a detailed information on the iceberg effect for arthritis and offers valid information for regional planning, provincial comparisons and an illustration for similar analyses nationally and internationally.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":"86 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193182
K. Achigbu, K. Odinaka, E. Achigbu
The birth of a child with ambiguous genitalia poses a huge emotional burden to the parents and erodes the joyful experience of childbirth. Ambiguous genitalia is a disorder of sex development that affects 1 in 4500 live births. The diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia in a newborn infant is a social emergency because of the need to assign gender of rearing to the child early in life. We report a case of ambiguous genitalia in Nigerian neonate seen at a private health facility in Nigeria as well as highlight challenges in the management.
{"title":"Ambiguous external genitalia in a Nigerian neonate seen at a private health facility in South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"K. Achigbu, K. Odinaka, E. Achigbu","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193182","url":null,"abstract":"The birth of a child with ambiguous genitalia poses a huge emotional burden to the parents and erodes the joyful experience of childbirth. Ambiguous genitalia is a disorder of sex development that affects 1 in 4500 live births. The diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia in a newborn infant is a social emergency because of the need to assign gender of rearing to the child early in life. We report a case of ambiguous genitalia in Nigerian neonate seen at a private health facility in Nigeria as well as highlight challenges in the management.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"52 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83002571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193184
F. Vuvor, T. Ndanu
Introduction: Lysine affects the level of stress/anxiety, increases resistance to diseases, and prevents protein deficiency disorders. It is the most limiting amino acid that affects protein quality. The main aim was to study the effect of lysine supplementation on stressor of adults in two peri-urban communities in Ghana. Materials and Methods: It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 90 men and 90 women. At the baseline and after intervention, the subjects' blood pressures (BPs) were measured before and after subjecting them to stressor in the form of blood draw. Halves of the men and women were assigned to lysine and the other assigned to placebo as a control. After taken the initial measurements 1,000 g lysine tablets were daily given to the subjects for 112 days to supplement their dietary lysine intake. Results: No significant variation was observed among the subjects at baseline. However, after the supplementation, there were significant drops in the delta of systolic BP by the margin of 7.26 ± 11.64 mmHg in men and 8.50 ± 14.96 mmHg in women. The mean arterial blood pressure also dropped by 1.09 ± 8.22 mmHg in men; but not in women while the delta in the control remains fairly unchanged in both men and women in the control groups. Conclusion: There were positive effects of lysine supplementation on the outcomes of cardiovascular response to stressors by normalizing and reducing the stress of subjects.
{"title":"Effect of lysine supplementation on cardiovascular response to stressors of households in two peri-urban communities in Ghana","authors":"F. Vuvor, T. Ndanu","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193184","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lysine affects the level of stress/anxiety, increases resistance to diseases, and prevents protein deficiency disorders. It is the most limiting amino acid that affects protein quality. The main aim was to study the effect of lysine supplementation on stressor of adults in two peri-urban communities in Ghana. Materials and Methods: It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 90 men and 90 women. At the baseline and after intervention, the subjects' blood pressures (BPs) were measured before and after subjecting them to stressor in the form of blood draw. Halves of the men and women were assigned to lysine and the other assigned to placebo as a control. After taken the initial measurements 1,000 g lysine tablets were daily given to the subjects for 112 days to supplement their dietary lysine intake. Results: No significant variation was observed among the subjects at baseline. However, after the supplementation, there were significant drops in the delta of systolic BP by the margin of 7.26 ± 11.64 mmHg in men and 8.50 ± 14.96 mmHg in women. The mean arterial blood pressure also dropped by 1.09 ± 8.22 mmHg in men; but not in women while the delta in the control remains fairly unchanged in both men and women in the control groups. Conclusion: There were positive effects of lysine supplementation on the outcomes of cardiovascular response to stressors by normalizing and reducing the stress of subjects.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"51 1","pages":"92 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79812378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193185
J. Nwosu
Objectives: The study was aimed to access foreign body (FB) injuries of the nose, the variety, age group affected, management, and complications as seen in our center. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study of 27 consecutive patients with suspected FB in the nasal cavity, seen and managed in the Otolaryngology (ENT) Department of a tertiary health facility in a suburban town, Southeast Nigeria over 18 months. The case notes of the patients in the emergency department, ENT clinic, and ward were consulted for the relevant data that were analyzed and presented in descriptive and tabular forms. Results: Male cases were less than females in the ratio of 1:1.7. All the patients involved were 5 years old and less with an average age of 2.54 years (standard deviation: 0.99). Beads 8 (29.6%) was the most popular FB retrieved. All the FBs were removed in the ENT department without general anesthesia, and no complication was recorded. Conclusions: FBs in the nose were more commonly seen in children. The types of FBs varied along the common objects, the children come in contact with. Seamless removal can be achieved with the right personnel operating in a conducive environment.
{"title":"Nasal injuries: The place of foreign bodies","authors":"J. Nwosu","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193185","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was aimed to access foreign body (FB) injuries of the nose, the variety, age group affected, management, and complications as seen in our center. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study of 27 consecutive patients with suspected FB in the nasal cavity, seen and managed in the Otolaryngology (ENT) Department of a tertiary health facility in a suburban town, Southeast Nigeria over 18 months. The case notes of the patients in the emergency department, ENT clinic, and ward were consulted for the relevant data that were analyzed and presented in descriptive and tabular forms. Results: Male cases were less than females in the ratio of 1:1.7. All the patients involved were 5 years old and less with an average age of 2.54 years (standard deviation: 0.99). Beads 8 (29.6%) was the most popular FB retrieved. All the FBs were removed in the ENT department without general anesthesia, and no complication was recorded. Conclusions: FBs in the nose were more commonly seen in children. The types of FBs varied along the common objects, the children come in contact with. Seamless removal can be achieved with the right personnel operating in a conducive environment.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81258917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193186
Y. Sharma, Aayush Gupta
Some of the adolescent patients of chronic acne, some women aged 25–40 years, and particularly, patients with psychiatric diseases (primary or secondary to acne) have disproportionately severe acne and its attendant psychosocial distress. Although no consensual clinical gold standard regarding the severity of acne exists despite abundance of scales developed over six decades, global acne grading system is used most commonly. The “subjective” psychosocial consequences of acne can be better evaluated by self-assessed health-related quality of life (QoL) tools than the traditional clinical assessment by the physician. The correct interpretation of these tools such as health status surveys (generic and specific) and preference-based measures, requires adherence to the rules regarding reliability, validity, sensitivity, and complete transcultural adaptation. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index is the most commonly employed specific health state survey for acne. Comprehensive therapy addressing the severity of acne as well as the resultant impaired QoL concomitantly can, fortunately, mitigate negative mental symptoms; this mitigation may even be proportional to the clinical remission. In addition, the routinely integrated practice of these twin measures may also speed up patient encounters by inculcating perspicacity in the treating physician.
{"title":"Measuring severity of acne vulgaris and impairment in quality of life of its patients and aiming for their concomitant reduction facilitates comprehensive management","authors":"Y. Sharma, Aayush Gupta","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193186","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the adolescent patients of chronic acne, some women aged 25–40 years, and particularly, patients with psychiatric diseases (primary or secondary to acne) have disproportionately severe acne and its attendant psychosocial distress. Although no consensual clinical gold standard regarding the severity of acne exists despite abundance of scales developed over six decades, global acne grading system is used most commonly. The “subjective” psychosocial consequences of acne can be better evaluated by self-assessed health-related quality of life (QoL) tools than the traditional clinical assessment by the physician. The correct interpretation of these tools such as health status surveys (generic and specific) and preference-based measures, requires adherence to the rules regarding reliability, validity, sensitivity, and complete transcultural adaptation. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index is the most commonly employed specific health state survey for acne. Comprehensive therapy addressing the severity of acne as well as the resultant impaired QoL concomitantly can, fortunately, mitigate negative mental symptoms; this mitigation may even be proportional to the clinical remission. In addition, the routinely integrated practice of these twin measures may also speed up patient encounters by inculcating perspicacity in the treating physician.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":"81 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88689552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.193187
F. Adeyemo, T. Abioye, Amiegheme E. Felicia, Agbontaen Usunobun
Aim: The study was aimed at determining the incidence of neonatal tetanus (NT) in Stella Obasanjo State Hospital, Benin City over a period of 5 years. Settings and Design: Retrospective design was used where past records were reviewed from January 2008 to June 2013 and analyzed. Materials and Methods: An observational checklist was developed for manual collection of secondary data from the case notes and the neonatal ward register (the admission and discharge records of patients). The checklist includes information on the following; age at birth, age at discharge, duration of hospitalization, date of manifestation of the disease, entry point of the disease, mother's immunization, place of birth, treatment modality, and outcome of treatment. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used which involves the use of simple percentage and bar chart to analyze the data. Results and Conclusions: The result of findings shows that 5 cases were admitted in 2008 and 2010 and the age at manifestation of disease range from 3 to 15 days old while age at admission ranges from 5 to 17 days old. The highest number of days infants stayed in the hospital is 44 days while the least was 2 days whereas the age at discharge ranges between 7 and 52 days. The result further revealed that 60% of the cases were born in the hospital, 26.6% were born out of the hospital while 13.3% gave were born in traditional birth attendant quarters. Finally, this study showed that the percentage of unimmunized mothers outweighs that of immunized mothers. NT is a key cause of neonatal mortality even though it is preventable and it was recommended that all babies born on the floor, roadside, or in a motor vehicle due to precipitated labor should be given injection ATS 4 units/kg before the disease appears.
{"title":"Incidence of neonatal tetanus in a Nigerian State Hospital, Benin, Nigeria","authors":"F. Adeyemo, T. Abioye, Amiegheme E. Felicia, Agbontaen Usunobun","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.193187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.193187","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study was aimed at determining the incidence of neonatal tetanus (NT) in Stella Obasanjo State Hospital, Benin City over a period of 5 years. Settings and Design: Retrospective design was used where past records were reviewed from January 2008 to June 2013 and analyzed. Materials and Methods: An observational checklist was developed for manual collection of secondary data from the case notes and the neonatal ward register (the admission and discharge records of patients). The checklist includes information on the following; age at birth, age at discharge, duration of hospitalization, date of manifestation of the disease, entry point of the disease, mother's immunization, place of birth, treatment modality, and outcome of treatment. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used which involves the use of simple percentage and bar chart to analyze the data. Results and Conclusions: The result of findings shows that 5 cases were admitted in 2008 and 2010 and the age at manifestation of disease range from 3 to 15 days old while age at admission ranges from 5 to 17 days old. The highest number of days infants stayed in the hospital is 44 days while the least was 2 days whereas the age at discharge ranges between 7 and 52 days. The result further revealed that 60% of the cases were born in the hospital, 26.6% were born out of the hospital while 13.3% gave were born in traditional birth attendant quarters. Finally, this study showed that the percentage of unimmunized mothers outweighs that of immunized mothers. NT is a key cause of neonatal mortality even though it is preventable and it was recommended that all babies born on the floor, roadside, or in a motor vehicle due to precipitated labor should be given injection ATS 4 units/kg before the disease appears.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"118 1","pages":"102 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88088725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.184243
D. Harichandran, M. Viswanathan, R. Gangadhar
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to psychotropic drugs are common. There are very few reports of ADR profile of psychotropic drugs. Pharmacovigilance of psychotropic drugs is essential to improve patient care and create awareness among physicians. Objective: To study the pattern of ADRs among hospitalized patients in the Department of Psychiatry of Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and all the patients who developed ADR to psychotropic drugs formed the study population. Details were documented on an ADR reporting form of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization and Causality assessment was done based on Naranjo algorithm. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: During the study period, 31 patients developed a total of 53 ADRs. Polypharmacy was seen in 39% of patients who developed ADR. Based on causality assessment in these cases as per Naranjo algorithm, all were judged as probable, except one as possible. The most common ADRs observed were extrapyramidal symptoms. Antipsychotics are the most common group of drugs found responsible for most of the ADRs; olanzapine being the individual drug which caused the maximum number of ADRs. Conclusion: Active surveillance from the part of clinicians and pharmacologists will help build a database for ADRs in Indian setting.
{"title":"Adverse drug reactions among hospitalized patients in Psychiatry Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"D. Harichandran, M. Viswanathan, R. Gangadhar","doi":"10.4103/2394-2010.184243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2394-2010.184243","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to psychotropic drugs are common. There are very few reports of ADR profile of psychotropic drugs. Pharmacovigilance of psychotropic drugs is essential to improve patient care and create awareness among physicians. Objective: To study the pattern of ADRs among hospitalized patients in the Department of Psychiatry of Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and all the patients who developed ADR to psychotropic drugs formed the study population. Details were documented on an ADR reporting form of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization and Causality assessment was done based on Naranjo algorithm. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results: During the study period, 31 patients developed a total of 53 ADRs. Polypharmacy was seen in 39% of patients who developed ADR. Based on causality assessment in these cases as per Naranjo algorithm, all were judged as probable, except one as possible. The most common ADRs observed were extrapyramidal symptoms. Antipsychotics are the most common group of drugs found responsible for most of the ADRs; olanzapine being the individual drug which caused the maximum number of ADRs. Conclusion: Active surveillance from the part of clinicians and pharmacologists will help build a database for ADRs in Indian setting.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"50 3 1","pages":"77 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90996796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-01DOI: 10.4103/2394-2010.184230
Himanshu Rohela, T Ravinath, J. Vasudeva, Tanmay Mallick
Objective: The spinal traumas are common and leading problem in orthopedic practice. In this study, we stabilize the cases of the unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries with decompression and pedicular screw instrumentation . Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken in the Department of Orthopedics in CG and Bapuji Hospitals attached to JJM Medical College, Davangere. Twenty adult patients with acute thoracolumbar injuries who gave the consent for surgery admitted during the study period were included as study sample. Patient selection was according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and was surgically treated with pedicle screw and rod system (ZETA). Results: The standard deviation of the study group was 11.5 with mean age being 41 years. The most common vertebrae involved in this series were between T11 and L2 to the extent up to 50%. The average regional angle during preoperative stage was 16.50 5.020 and 4.450 4.150 during 1-year postoperative period. The mean difference of vertebral height between pre- and 12 th post-operative week was 8.8 mm, pre- and 24 th post-operative week was 7.95 and pre- and 1-year post-operative period was 7.95. Among all the subjects, 20% resumed the previous level of work or equal level of the physically challenging job. While 35% with little modification resumed the previous level of heavy work after 1 year of follow-up. After same period about 45% of subjects did not entertain any pain, whereas 30% felt occasionally, for which no medication was required. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that pedicle screw-rod instrumentation is an excellent implant system used in treatment of vertebral fractures. There is a very high statistical significant restoration of vertebral body height, mean regional angle and mean anterior wedge angle with this procedure in thoracolumbar fractures. Neurological recovery was seen significantly when all cases with neurological deficits were clubbed together.
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