Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jeos.20151023013842
Bushra Ahmed Al-Hammad, M. F. A. El-Salam
Aim: This study evaluates the effect of dry climate on mineral distribution in soil and its correlation with their plant growth. Methods: Soil samples from different depths (0.0-100 cm) and ten developing plants above them were collected for one year from three districts (Old-Dir’iyah, Jenadriah and Muzahimiyah) in Riyadh, KSA. Results: The results revealed that all soil samples had alkaline pH and contain high total carbonates concentrations. Total dissolved salts recorded the highest content in Muzahimiyah area under Zygophyllum migahidii, Moricandia sinaica and Heliotropium bacciferum plants which indicates their high-salinity tolerance. Chemical analysis of soil samples showed great variation in the anions and cations content. Among the studied anions in soil samples, sulphate had the highest record while phosphorus was the lowest. Calcium and iron were the highest and the lowest cations found in soil content respectively. Sodium, potassium and magnesium were varied in different regions among different soil depths under the plants. Accumulation of sodium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and total carbonates were recorded in the studied plants which assist them to confront drought in both the summer and winter. Results showed that there is variation in ash content among different plants. Conclusion: Mineral persistence inside plants revealed their defiance to drought.
{"title":"Impact of Dry Climate on the Distribution of Mineral Elements in Soil Layers and its Relationship with Plant Development","authors":"Bushra Ahmed Al-Hammad, M. F. A. El-Salam","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20151023013842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20151023013842","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluates the effect of dry climate on mineral distribution in soil and its correlation with their plant growth. Methods: Soil samples from different depths (0.0-100 cm) and ten developing plants above them were collected for one year from three districts (Old-Dir’iyah, Jenadriah and Muzahimiyah) in Riyadh, KSA. Results: The results revealed that all soil samples had alkaline pH and contain high total carbonates concentrations. Total dissolved salts recorded the highest content in Muzahimiyah area under Zygophyllum migahidii, Moricandia sinaica and Heliotropium bacciferum plants which indicates their high-salinity tolerance. Chemical analysis of soil samples showed great variation in the anions and cations content. Among the studied anions in soil samples, sulphate had the highest record while phosphorus was the lowest. Calcium and iron were the highest and the lowest cations found in soil content respectively. Sodium, potassium and magnesium were varied in different regions among different soil depths under the plants. Accumulation of sodium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and total carbonates were recorded in the studied plants which assist them to confront drought in both the summer and winter. Results showed that there is variation in ash content among different plants. Conclusion: Mineral persistence inside plants revealed their defiance to drought.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82845438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150915014106
G. Agboola, S. Usman, Oluwalogbon Usman Yisa, Florence Chinwe Umeozulu, Temitope Oluwakayode Ipinmoye
Aim: HIV/AIDS is a rapidly growing epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria in particular. The report of the 2012 National Reproductive Health Survey Plus indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, that is, Nigerians currently living with HIV/AIDS is about 3.4% while Ondo State has a prevalence of 4.3%. Inadequate knowledge, traditional beliefs, poverty and cultural factors have all been fingered as factors contributing to the prevalence in the country. This study is therefore designed to determine the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual practices and reproductive health as well as the practice of prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS among workers in the informal sectors of Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: An open-ended structured questionnaire was administered consecutively to 721 consenting informal sector workers by interviewer at the various government/public and private sector workplaces. The cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprised sections on socio-demographic data, knowledge about HIV/AIDS and knowledge about sexual practices and reproductive health. Results: The mean age (SD) was 40.3 (10.1) years. 303 respondents (42.0%) are male while 418 respondents (58.0%) are female. 703 respondents (97.5%) have heard about HIV/AIDS, 265 (36.8%) defined HIV correctly, 212 (29.4%) defined AIDS correctly. Only 63 (11.0%) got the prevalence rate in the state correctly. Conclusion: The average percentage knowledge score on the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual practices and reproductive health among this category of workers indicates that there is a huge knowledge gap in certain aspects of these fields, influencing their sexual practices to be such that promotes the transmission of the virus.
{"title":"HIV/AIDS, sexual practices, reproductive health and risk assessment among informal sector workers in Ondo State Nigeria","authors":"G. Agboola, S. Usman, Oluwalogbon Usman Yisa, Florence Chinwe Umeozulu, Temitope Oluwakayode Ipinmoye","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150915014106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150915014106","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: HIV/AIDS is a rapidly growing epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria in particular. The report of the 2012 National Reproductive Health Survey Plus indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, that is, Nigerians currently living with HIV/AIDS is about 3.4% while Ondo State has a prevalence of 4.3%. Inadequate knowledge, traditional beliefs, poverty and cultural factors have all been fingered as factors contributing to the prevalence in the country. This study is therefore designed to determine the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual practices and reproductive health as well as the practice of prevention and transmission of HIV/AIDS among workers in the informal sectors of Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: An open-ended structured questionnaire was administered consecutively to 721 consenting informal sector workers by interviewer at the various government/public and private sector workplaces. The cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprised sections on socio-demographic data, knowledge about HIV/AIDS and knowledge about sexual practices and reproductive health. Results: The mean age (SD) was 40.3 (10.1) years. 303 respondents (42.0%) are male while 418 respondents (58.0%) are female. 703 respondents (97.5%) have heard about HIV/AIDS, 265 (36.8%) defined HIV correctly, 212 (29.4%) defined AIDS correctly. Only 63 (11.0%) got the prevalence rate in the state correctly. Conclusion: The average percentage knowledge score on the knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual practices and reproductive health among this category of workers indicates that there is a huge knowledge gap in certain aspects of these fields, influencing their sexual practices to be such that promotes the transmission of the virus.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"158-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85647225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150903100137
I. Monney, John Bosco Dramani, A. Aruna, Asantewa Gyamfi Tenkorang, Fred Osei-Poku
Aim: This descriptive study was conducted to assess the health and safety standards, occupational hazards and health problems among pump attendants in Fuel Service Stations (FSS) in Ghana. Methods: Data was collected using structured questionnaires and an observation check-list. A total of 145 pump attendants and 50 FSS managers were randomly sampled from 90 FSS in the Kumasi Metropolis. Fisher's exact test at 5% significance level and binary logistic regression were conducted to test association among study parameters using SPSS 17.0. Results: The top three occupational hazards were exposure to extreme weather conditions (99%); inhalation of vehicle exhaust fumes and petrol vapour (98%) and fire outbreaks (88%). Common illnesses experienced by pump attendants are all work-related and were dominated by musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs] (n=141), low-back pain [LBP] (n=81), headaches (62) and dizziness (n = 36). Logistic regression using age, sex and work experience as risk factors for MSDs, LBPs and headaches showed significant association between LBP and age of pump attendants (p = 0.036; 95% CI = 0.16-0.94) whilst MSDs and headaches showed no significant association with the risk factors. Post-employment medical examination habits was poor (22%) among the attendants possibly owing to ignorance of the health risks and the fact that the related costs are self-borne. Although all stations had fire fighting equipment training in their usage was highly associated with work experience of pump attendants; most newly employed attendants (
目的:本描述性研究旨在评估加纳燃料服务站(FSS)泵服务员的健康和安全标准、职业危害和健康问题。方法:采用结构化问卷调查和观察表法收集资料。从库马西大都会的90个FSS中随机抽取了145名泵工和50名FSS管理人员。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行5%显著性水平下的Fisher精确检验和二元logistic回归检验各研究参数之间的相关性。结果:职业性危害前3位为极端天气(99%);吸入车辆废气及汽油蒸气(98%)及发生火警(88%)。泵服务员经历的常见疾病都与工作有关，主要是肌肉骨骼疾病[MSDs] (n=141)，腰痛[LBP] (n=81)，头痛(62)和头晕(n= 36)。将年龄、性别和工作经验作为MSDs、LBP和头痛的危险因素进行Logistic回归，结果显示LBP与泵工年龄有显著相关性(p = 0.036;95% CI = 0.16-0.94)，而MSDs和头痛与危险因素无显著关联。服务人员离职后体检习惯较差(22%)，可能是由于不了解健康风险，以及相关费用由自己承担。虽然所有消防站都有消防设备，但使用消防设备的培训与泵员的工作经验密切相关;大多数新聘服务员(
{"title":"Health and safety in high-risk work environments: A study of fuel service stations in Ghana -","authors":"I. Monney, John Bosco Dramani, A. Aruna, Asantewa Gyamfi Tenkorang, Fred Osei-Poku","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150903100137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150903100137","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This descriptive study was conducted to assess the health and safety standards, occupational hazards and health problems among pump attendants in Fuel Service Stations (FSS) in Ghana. Methods: Data was collected using structured questionnaires and an observation check-list. A total of 145 pump attendants and 50 FSS managers were randomly sampled from 90 FSS in the Kumasi Metropolis. Fisher's exact test at 5% significance level and binary logistic regression were conducted to test association among study parameters using SPSS 17.0. Results: The top three occupational hazards were exposure to extreme weather conditions (99%); inhalation of vehicle exhaust fumes and petrol vapour (98%) and fire outbreaks (88%). Common illnesses experienced by pump attendants are all work-related and were dominated by musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs] (n=141), low-back pain [LBP] (n=81), headaches (62) and dizziness (n = 36). Logistic regression using age, sex and work experience as risk factors for MSDs, LBPs and headaches showed significant association between LBP and age of pump attendants (p = 0.036; 95% CI = 0.16-0.94) whilst MSDs and headaches showed no significant association with the risk factors. Post-employment medical examination habits was poor (22%) among the attendants possibly owing to ignorance of the health risks and the fact that the related costs are self-borne. Although all stations had fire fighting equipment training in their usage was highly associated with work experience of pump attendants; most newly employed attendants (","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"1053 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85661619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20141125075125
M. A. Medina
Aim: In order to come up with viable curricular programs and policies for the BS Forestry (BSF) and BS Environmental Science (BSES) programs of Central Mindanao University- College of Forestry and Environmental Science (CMU-CFES), a study on the extent of the occurrence of job mismatch among its graduates as well as the factors associated with it was conducted. Methods: An online survey questionnaire was administered to CMU-CFES graduates of school year 2001 to 2011from December 18, 2012 to May 15, 2013. Out of the 470 graduates from the inclusive school years, 106 graduates answered the questionnaire with substantially complete responses needed for the study. Logistic regression analysis was done in order to test the factors that could influence the occurrence of job mismatch among the respondents. Results: Gender and scholarship were found to significantly influence job mismatch among the respondents. Female graduates have a high probability of job mismatch than male graduates. Likewise, scholars have lesser probability of job mismatch than non scholars. Conclusion: The substantial case of job mismatch observed among the respondents urges a revisit of the curricular programs as well as the provision of job searching services to graduates.
{"title":"Gender and Educational Influences of Job Mismatch: The Case of Forestry and Environmental Science Graduates of a Philippine State University -","authors":"M. A. Medina","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20141125075125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20141125075125","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In order to come up with viable curricular programs and policies for the BS Forestry (BSF) and BS Environmental Science (BSES) programs of Central Mindanao University- College of Forestry and Environmental Science (CMU-CFES), a study on the extent of the occurrence of job mismatch among its graduates as well as the factors associated with it was conducted. Methods: An online survey questionnaire was administered to CMU-CFES graduates of school year 2001 to 2011from December 18, 2012 to May 15, 2013. Out of the 470 graduates from the inclusive school years, 106 graduates answered the questionnaire with substantially complete responses needed for the study. Logistic regression analysis was done in order to test the factors that could influence the occurrence of job mismatch among the respondents. Results: Gender and scholarship were found to significantly influence job mismatch among the respondents. Female graduates have a high probability of job mismatch than male graduates. Likewise, scholars have lesser probability of job mismatch than non scholars. Conclusion: The substantial case of job mismatch observed among the respondents urges a revisit of the curricular programs as well as the provision of job searching services to graduates.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76352218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20141214124733
R. Jain, V. Garg
Aim: The present study has been designed to compare two commonly used methods viz. microbial and enzymatic for the degradation of monocrotophos (MCP) in sandy loam soil of Rajasthan. Methods: Methodology involves the use of molecularly characterized fungal strain Aspergillus niger JQ660373. For the microbial method spore suspension (1 × 108 spores/ml) was used as inoculum. Enzymatic method employ the use isolated, purified extracellular fungal hydrolases as inoculum. %age of MCP degradation was assessed in the form of residual MCP concentration and hence degradation kinetics was calculated. The results were confirmed by using analytical tools, high pressure thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The results of this study demonstrated that extracellular fungal hydrolase composed of two different subunits of 33 and 67 Kd. Both subunits synergistically degrade MCP. Residual MCP concentration was found to be 64.94 ± 0.42 and 16.95 ± 0.55 µg ml−1 after 15 days of incubation for microbial and enzymatic method, respectively. Degradation of MCP followed first order kinetics with rate constants of 0.002 and 0.136 day−1 and hence the calculated half-life was found to be 12.64 and 5.14 days, respectively. HPTLC chromatograms clearly indicate the significant decrease in the standard MCP peak (rf 0.19-0.21) with increasing incubation duration. Molecular insight of MCP degradation was studied by FTIR. Degradation proceeded with hydrolytic cleavage of MCP resulting in the formation of inorganic phosphates (−PO4). Conclusion: The study concludes that enzymatic method of degradation was more efficient than the microbial method.
{"title":"Degradation of monocrotophos in soil, microbial versus enzymatic method -","authors":"R. Jain, V. Garg","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20141214124733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20141214124733","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study has been designed to compare two commonly used methods viz. microbial and enzymatic for the degradation of monocrotophos (MCP) in sandy loam soil of Rajasthan. Methods: Methodology involves the use of molecularly characterized fungal strain Aspergillus niger JQ660373. For the microbial method spore suspension (1 × 108 spores/ml) was used as inoculum. Enzymatic method employ the use isolated, purified extracellular fungal hydrolases as inoculum. %age of MCP degradation was assessed in the form of residual MCP concentration and hence degradation kinetics was calculated. The results were confirmed by using analytical tools, high pressure thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The results of this study demonstrated that extracellular fungal hydrolase composed of two different subunits of 33 and 67 Kd. Both subunits synergistically degrade MCP. Residual MCP concentration was found to be 64.94 ± 0.42 and 16.95 ± 0.55 µg ml−1 after 15 days of incubation for microbial and enzymatic method, respectively. Degradation of MCP followed first order kinetics with rate constants of 0.002 and 0.136 day−1 and hence the calculated half-life was found to be 12.64 and 5.14 days, respectively. HPTLC chromatograms clearly indicate the significant decrease in the standard MCP peak (rf 0.19-0.21) with increasing incubation duration. Molecular insight of MCP degradation was studied by FTIR. Degradation proceeded with hydrolytic cleavage of MCP resulting in the formation of inorganic phosphates (−PO4). Conclusion: The study concludes that enzymatic method of degradation was more efficient than the microbial method.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79024627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150105105524
M. O. Obiakor, J. C. Okonkwo, Chigozie, D. Ezeonyejiaku
Aim: Contamination of the Anambra River with heavy metals (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; lead, Pb; nickel, Ni; and zinc, Zn) was examined in two preponderant fish species (Synodontis clarias and Tilapia nilotica) following earlier detection of the elements in water column. Methods: Levels of heavy metals were measured in both seasonal regimes (rainy and dry) at five selected locations with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Factorial effects and interactions were explored on completely randomized block design. Quantitative risk of metal exposure through contaminated fish consumptions among the resident community population at the river was assessed to extrapolate the probable public health threat. Results: The result showed variations among heavy metal concentrations in fish and Zn and Cu recorded significant amounts with S. clarias recording higher concentrations than T. nilotica. Season, species of fish and location and their interactions had significant effects on the amounts of Cu and Zn accumulated in the fish tissues except season by species effect. Zinc recorded the highest concentrations at all locations measured, with Onono (location 5) producing the fish species with the highest amount of metals compared with other locations. The heavy metal concentrations were below the comparable international safe standards. Margin of exposure and exposure dose calculated for the heavy metals were all below reference standards and tentatively considered not to be of risk to public health. Conclusion: However, there is considerable concern of contamination of the fish species with heavy metals and recommended regular monitoring or examination of edible fish species.
{"title":"Trace Metal Contamination in Tropical Endemic Fish: Factorial Effect Interactions and In situ Quantitative Risk Assessment","authors":"M. O. Obiakor, J. C. Okonkwo, Chigozie, D. Ezeonyejiaku","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150105105524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150105105524","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Contamination of the Anambra River with heavy metals (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; lead, Pb; nickel, Ni; and zinc, Zn) was examined in two preponderant fish species (Synodontis clarias and Tilapia nilotica) following earlier detection of the elements in water column. Methods: Levels of heavy metals were measured in both seasonal regimes (rainy and dry) at five selected locations with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Factorial effects and interactions were explored on completely randomized block design. Quantitative risk of metal exposure through contaminated fish consumptions among the resident community population at the river was assessed to extrapolate the probable public health threat. Results: The result showed variations among heavy metal concentrations in fish and Zn and Cu recorded significant amounts with S. clarias recording higher concentrations than T. nilotica. Season, species of fish and location and their interactions had significant effects on the amounts of Cu and Zn accumulated in the fish tissues except season by species effect. Zinc recorded the highest concentrations at all locations measured, with Onono (location 5) producing the fish species with the highest amount of metals compared with other locations. The heavy metal concentrations were below the comparable international safe standards. Margin of exposure and exposure dose calculated for the heavy metals were all below reference standards and tentatively considered not to be of risk to public health. Conclusion: However, there is considerable concern of contamination of the fish species with heavy metals and recommended regular monitoring or examination of edible fish species.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78515097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jeos.20150114041516
R. Pöykiö, O. Dahl, H. Nurmesniemi, G. Watkins
Aim: The non-process elements (NPEs) in slaker grits, which are solid residues from the causticizing process of a pulp mill, were sequentially extracted with water (H2O), ammonium-acetate (CH3COONH4) and hydrochloride acid (HCl) in order to evaluate their mobile forms and their release potential from the sample matrix under changing environmental conditions. Materials and Methods: The slaker grits investigated in this study were sampled on November 2013 from a sulfate (kraft) pulp mill located in Finland. The slaker grits were extracted as follows: (1) once in 30-50 mL ultra-pure H2O for 24 h under stirring (65 rpm), (2) 3 times in 3 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M CH3COONH4 (aq) for 3 h ×24 h under stirring, and (3) twice in 2 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M HCl (aq) for 2 h ×24 h under stirring and heating (80°C). Results: Compared with the total NPE concentrations, the efficiencies of H2O in extracting S (6020 mg/kg; dry weight [d.w.]) and Na (17200 mg/kg; d.w.) were highest, being 92.6% and 88.7%, respectively. Compared with the total NPE concentrations, the efficiencies of CH3COONH4 in extracting Mg (4010 mg/kg; d.w.) and B (5.0 mg/kg; d.w.) were highest, being 39.7% and 31.3%, respectively. Conclusion: From the environmental and utilization perspectives the greatest hazards to the environment are those metals, which leach out as a result of contact with H2O or CH3COONH4. Therefore, it is worth noting the ability of H2O and CH3COONH4 to release high concentrations of alkali metals (Na, K), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca), and sulfur (S) from slaker grits, and the need to apply for an environmental permit if this residue is to be utilized.
目的:用水(H2O)、醋酸铵(CH3COONH4)和盐酸(HCl)对某纸浆厂烧碱过程中固体残渣中的非过程元素(NPEs)进行顺序萃取，考察其在不同环境条件下的流动形态和从样品基质中的释放潜力。材料和方法:2013年11月，在芬兰的硫酸盐(硫酸盐)纸浆厂取样了本研究中调查的slaker粗粒。粗粒的提取方法为:(1)30-50 mL超纯水1次，搅拌24 h (65 rpm)，(2) 3次，3 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M CH3COONH4 (aq)，搅拌3 h ×24 h， (3) 2 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M HCl (aq)，搅拌2 h ×24 h，加热(80℃)。结果:与总NPE浓度比较，H2O提取S (6020 mg/kg;干重[d.w.])和钠(17200 mg/kg;D.w .)最高，分别为92.6%和88.7%。与总NPE浓度相比，CH3COONH4萃取Mg的效率为(4010 Mg /kg;d.w.)和B (5.0 mg/kg;D.w .)最高，分别为39.7%和31.3%。结论:从环境和利用的角度来看，对环境危害最大的是与H2O或CH3COONH4接触而浸出的金属。因此，值得注意的是，H2O和CH3COONH4能够从沙粒中释放出高浓度的碱金属(Na, K)、碱土金属(Mg, Ca)和硫(S)，如果要利用这些残留物，需要申请环境许可证。
{"title":"Chemical fractionation of NPEs in slaker grits for environmental risks assessment","authors":"R. Pöykiö, O. Dahl, H. Nurmesniemi, G. Watkins","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20150114041516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20150114041516","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The non-process elements (NPEs) in slaker grits, which are solid residues from the causticizing process of a pulp mill, were sequentially extracted with water (H2O), ammonium-acetate (CH3COONH4) and hydrochloride acid (HCl) in order to evaluate their mobile forms and their release potential from the sample matrix under changing environmental conditions. Materials and Methods: The slaker grits investigated in this study were sampled on November 2013 from a sulfate (kraft) pulp mill located in Finland. The slaker grits were extracted as follows: (1) once in 30-50 mL ultra-pure H2O for 24 h under stirring (65 rpm), (2) 3 times in 3 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M CH3COONH4 (aq) for 3 h ×24 h under stirring, and (3) twice in 2 mL × 25 mL 1.0 M HCl (aq) for 2 h ×24 h under stirring and heating (80°C). Results: Compared with the total NPE concentrations, the efficiencies of H2O in extracting S (6020 mg/kg; dry weight [d.w.]) and Na (17200 mg/kg; d.w.) were highest, being 92.6% and 88.7%, respectively. Compared with the total NPE concentrations, the efficiencies of CH3COONH4 in extracting Mg (4010 mg/kg; d.w.) and B (5.0 mg/kg; d.w.) were highest, being 39.7% and 31.3%, respectively. Conclusion: From the environmental and utilization perspectives the greatest hazards to the environment are those metals, which leach out as a result of contact with H2O or CH3COONH4. Therefore, it is worth noting the ability of H2O and CH3COONH4 to release high concentrations of alkali metals (Na, K), alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca), and sulfur (S) from slaker grits, and the need to apply for an environmental permit if this residue is to be utilized.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"2012 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150714121924
S. Adamu, O. Akinosun, F. Abbiyesuku, M. Kuti, J. El-Bashir, Badriya Gimba Marafa
Background: Occupational exposure to toxic chemicals such as gasoline is a major public health concern worldwide. Gasoline is one of the most frequently utilized chemicals whose use is on the increase. When absorbed, the volatile constituents of gasoline generate free radicals leading to oxidative stress. In order to maintaining homeostasis and protect itself against the effects of reactive oxygen species and their derivatives, the body has developed a robust mechanism using substances known as antioxidants. Antioxidants can either be a vitamin like beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E or an enzyme like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Methods: This is a cohort study to compare Antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), between 90 roadside dispensers of gasoline and 90 age and sex matched controls. Vitamins A, C and E assays were performed using an Ultra sensitive and specific HPLC. Results: The mean age of the exposed and control groups are 29.03 ± 3.7 and 29.24 ± 3.5 years respectively. The mean plasma levels of vitamins A (54.45 ± 6.4 µg/dl), vitamin C (0.68 ± 0.13µg/dl) and vitamin E (0.72 ± 0.10 µg/dl), of the exposed were significantly (p< 0.001) lower than the controls (1.29 ± 0.25mmol/L, 69.82 ± 5.4µg/dl, 1.06 ± 0.13µg/dl, respectively). Conclusion: Our data has demonstrated lower levels of antioxidant vitamins in roadside dispensers of gasoline compared to the controls. This is an indication that roadside gasoline dispensers are probably at greater risk of developing chronic diseases associated with increase oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation may be of benefit to the road side gasoline dispensers.
{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant vitamins among roadside gasoline dispensers in Gombe, Nigeria","authors":"S. Adamu, O. Akinosun, F. Abbiyesuku, M. Kuti, J. El-Bashir, Badriya Gimba Marafa","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150714121924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150714121924","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational exposure to toxic chemicals such as gasoline is a major public health concern worldwide. Gasoline is one of the most frequently utilized chemicals whose use is on the increase. When absorbed, the volatile constituents of gasoline generate free radicals leading to oxidative stress. In order to maintaining homeostasis and protect itself against the effects of reactive oxygen species and their derivatives, the body has developed a robust mechanism using substances known as antioxidants. Antioxidants can either be a vitamin like beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E or an enzyme like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Methods: This is a cohort study to compare Antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), between 90 roadside dispensers of gasoline and 90 age and sex matched controls. Vitamins A, C and E assays were performed using an Ultra sensitive and specific HPLC. Results: The mean age of the exposed and control groups are 29.03 ± 3.7 and 29.24 ± 3.5 years respectively. The mean plasma levels of vitamins A (54.45 ± 6.4 µg/dl), vitamin C (0.68 ± 0.13µg/dl) and vitamin E (0.72 ± 0.10 µg/dl), of the exposed were significantly (p< 0.001) lower than the controls (1.29 ± 0.25mmol/L, 69.82 ± 5.4µg/dl, 1.06 ± 0.13µg/dl, respectively). Conclusion: Our data has demonstrated lower levels of antioxidant vitamins in roadside dispensers of gasoline compared to the controls. This is an indication that roadside gasoline dispensers are probably at greater risk of developing chronic diseases associated with increase oxidative stress. Antioxidant supplementation may be of benefit to the road side gasoline dispensers.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81959994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150422071350
E. Nwangwa, Ehitare Ikekhuamen Ekhoye, Seyi Rachael Ologun, Alan Anuta
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of administration of iron ore on semen parameters and testosterone level. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 adult Wistar rat were used for this study and separated into four groups of five rats each. Group A served as control, Group B treated with 1.5 mg/kg iron ore, Group C treated with 3 mg/kg iron ore, Group D treated with 4.5 mg/kg iron ore. After 28 days of treatment, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed while seminal fluid and blood samples were collected for semen analysis and testosterone assay. ANOVA was used to compare means and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Iron ore caused a dose-dependent significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the sperm count, sperm motility, percentage sperm with normal morphology, and testosterone level. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that iron ore could affect male fertility by reducing semen quality and testosterone level.
{"title":"Exposure to iron ore attenuates the reproductive potential of adult male Wistar rats","authors":"E. Nwangwa, Ehitare Ikekhuamen Ekhoye, Seyi Rachael Ologun, Alan Anuta","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150422071350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150422071350","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of administration of iron ore on semen parameters and testosterone level. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 adult Wistar rat were used for this study and separated into four groups of five rats each. Group A served as control, Group B treated with 1.5 mg/kg iron ore, Group C treated with 3 mg/kg iron ore, Group D treated with 4.5 mg/kg iron ore. After 28 days of treatment, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed while seminal fluid and blood samples were collected for semen analysis and testosterone assay. ANOVA was used to compare means and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Iron ore caused a dose-dependent significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the sperm count, sperm motility, percentage sperm with normal morphology, and testosterone level. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that iron ore could affect male fertility by reducing semen quality and testosterone level.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"92-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90887551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JEOS.20150613011132
H. Patel, Umer Arfath, A. Ranganathan
Aim: Diamond making industries are one of the widespread industries of Gujarat and Maharashtra. According to their nature of work, large number of diamond workers acquires different sitting position. We analyzed three different sitting positions depends upon their need in the profession. Thus in this study, we want to analyze the area specific symptoms according to the working posture and their impact on function. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 754 diamond workers aged between 30 and 60 years were selected through quota sampling from Visnagar, Gujarat, India. The subjects were allocated in 3 × 3 factor grouping design, i.e., three age groups and 3 sitting postures. The age grouping variables were 30-39, 40-49, and 50-60 years. Grouping variable for posture were, without back supported sitting, back supported sitting and tailor sitting. Analysis of posture related disability was done by the standardized Nordic questionnaire and other four area-specific questionnaires such as neck disability index, revised oswestry disability index, disability arm shoulder and hand, and lower extremity functional scale. Results: Descriptive analysis was done using MS Excel 2007 to analyze the data. Results revealed that without back support group had highest disability across all three groups amounting to 48.82%, followed by the back supported group with 32.12%. Interestingly tailor sitting position groups accounting for least disability with 29.86%. Conclusion: Without back supported sitting was the worst posture attained during work. Tailor sitting revealed the lesser amount of disability when compared to both with or without back supported sitting for the diamond workers.
{"title":"Effect of Three Different Sitting Postures on Disability in Diamond Workers - A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"H. Patel, Umer Arfath, A. Ranganathan","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20150613011132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20150613011132","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Diamond making industries are one of the widespread industries of Gujarat and Maharashtra. According to their nature of work, large number of diamond workers acquires different sitting position. We analyzed three different sitting positions depends upon their need in the profession. Thus in this study, we want to analyze the area specific symptoms according to the working posture and their impact on function. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 754 diamond workers aged between 30 and 60 years were selected through quota sampling from Visnagar, Gujarat, India. The subjects were allocated in 3 × 3 factor grouping design, i.e., three age groups and 3 sitting postures. The age grouping variables were 30-39, 40-49, and 50-60 years. Grouping variable for posture were, without back supported sitting, back supported sitting and tailor sitting. Analysis of posture related disability was done by the standardized Nordic questionnaire and other four area-specific questionnaires such as neck disability index, revised oswestry disability index, disability arm shoulder and hand, and lower extremity functional scale. Results: Descriptive analysis was done using MS Excel 2007 to analyze the data. Results revealed that without back support group had highest disability across all three groups amounting to 48.82%, followed by the back supported group with 32.12%. Interestingly tailor sitting position groups accounting for least disability with 29.86%. Conclusion: Without back supported sitting was the worst posture attained during work. Tailor sitting revealed the lesser amount of disability when compared to both with or without back supported sitting for the diamond workers.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85509027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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