Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Age, period and cohort processes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related emergency department visit rate in Taiwan, 2001–2015","authors":"I.-Shiang Tzeng ,&nbsp;Wan-Chung Hu ,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Giou-Teng Yiang ,&nbsp;Po-Chun Hsieh ,&nbsp;Wen-Lin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Emergency room (ER) physicians must deal with patients with clinically suspected symptoms, such as dyspnea, cough, and increased sputum production, on the frontlines of medical care if patients present with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to investigate the longitudinal tendencies of COPD-related ER visits.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>A total of 360,313 patients were included in this study. The COPD-related ER visit rates between 2001 and 2015 were categorized using the International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes (496). The effects of age, period, and cohort on COPD-related ER visit rates were determined using an age-period-cohort (APC) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age was associated with a high risk of COPD in the pediatric and older populations. A significant increase was observed in the period effect, from 2001 to 2015. The cohort effect tended to oscillate from 1918 to 1973, and was reversed in the latest cohort. Furthermore, the COPD-related ER visit rate increased between 2001 and 2015 in both men and women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Age, period, and cohort were observed to increase COPD visit rates. The APC model can be used to determine trends in COPD-related ER visits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 102658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Lebanon: Endoscopic and histopathological findings","authors":"Joumaa Hind ,&nbsp;Azakir Bilal ,&nbsp;Itani Rania ,&nbsp;Nasreddine Walid ,&nbsp;Mina Sara","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>), a pervasive pathobiont, colonizes the gastric mucosa and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several gastroduodenal pathologies ranging from chronic gastritis to more severe disorders including peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. In symptomatic patients, endoscopy and histological examination of the gastric mucosa are the preferred tests for diagnosing <em>H. pylori</em>. Our study aimed to identify the frequency of <em>H. pylori</em> and its association with endoscopic and histopathological findings in adult Lebanese patients. Thus, 332 symptomatic adult patients, attending the Endoscopy unit of Makassed General Hospital in Beirut, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Overall, 14.16 % of the patients were infected with <em>H. pylori</em>, with male predominance. The most common endoscopic findings were gastritis and gastropathy. Moreover, <em>H. pylori</em> infection was significantly associated with gastric ulcers and duodenitis. On the other hand, active gastritis and chronic gastritis were the most common histopathological findings. Chronic gastritis was more frequent in <em>H. pylori</em>-positive patients. The association between endoscopic diagnosis and histopathological findings was then assessed. It was shown that gastropathy was significantly associated with chronic gastritis. In addition, gastric ulcer was significantly related to active gastritis and chronic gastritis. In conclusion, this study reported various endoscopic findings in <em>H. pylori</em>-positive patients based on the Kyoto classification. This highlights the importance of invasive diagnosis in symptomatic patients. Therefore, a combination-based approach including endoscopic and histopathological findings remains crucial in clinical practice for a definitive and accurate diagnosis of <em>H. pylori</em> infection and related disorders, especially in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 102656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"Le-Yan Hu ,&nbsp;An-Qi Cai ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Ying-Qiu Sun ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Liu ,&nbsp;Hui-Juan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, a large number of COVID-19 patients are at risk of long COVID after recovery. The purpose of our research is to systematically review the existing clinical studies to understand the current prevalence and related risk factors of long COVID in COVID-19 patients in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024519375). We searched six electronic databases from 1st January 2020–1st March 2024. Literature screening, data extraction, and risk bias assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. Quality of the included studies was evaluated by AHRQ and NOS. The meta-analysis was performed by R software 4.2.3 to derive the prevalence of long COVID and risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 50 studies with 65880 participants were included. The results showed that the prevalence of long COVID (with at least one symptom) among the COVID-19 patients was approximately 50 % (95 %Confidence Interval (CI) 42–58 %) in China. Although we conducted meta-regression and subgroup analysis, the heterogeneity of the study was high. But the Omicron BA.2 variant had a statistically significant effect on the prevalence of long COVID (<em>P</em> = 0.0004). The three most common symptoms of long COVID were fatigue (0.33, 95 %CI 0.28–0.39), cognitive decline (0.30, 95 %CI 0.14–0.46) and shortness of breath (0.29, 95 %CI 0.15–0.43). Patients with severe acute phase of COVID-19 (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.57, 95 % CI 1.39–1.77), combined 2 comorbidities (OR 1.80, 95 % CI 1.40–2.32), combined 3 comorbidities (OR 2.13, 95 % CI 1.64–2.77), advanced age (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.01–1.04), female (OR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.44–1.73) were the risk factors for long COVID prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current systematic review found that nearly half of COVID-19 patients may suffering from long COVID in China. Establishing a long COVID recovery-support platform and regular follow-up would help to long-term monitor and manage the patients, especially those high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 102652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical examination of tuberculosis; from ancient affliction to modern challenges","authors":"Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi-Sagharchi ,&nbsp;Atousa Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Maryam Meskini ,&nbsp;Seyed Davar Siadat","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), white plague, many other definitions is an ancient deadly infection that humans dealt with after creation. The first hypothesis refers to 150 million years ago about the appearance of TB in the Jurassic era before human creation, but documents show 9000 years ago for first appearance in human society. In 1882, Robert Koch was able to identify and describe the best possible agent of TB. After the discovery of TB’s agent [<em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>], progress was made in diagnosis and treatment rapidly, and invasive operations such as surgery were replaced with drug treatment and chemical compounds hired for treatment that were so effective before drug resistance occurrence. In this review authors done their tries to describe all aspects of TB [identification, epidemics, diagnostics, drug development, etc.] in history from ancient records to the present condition and give insight into the future of TB ending in 2030 and 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring case definitions and the natural history of respiratory syncytial virus in adult outpatients: First-season results of the RESPIRA-50 study","authors":"Alexander Domnich ,&nbsp;Francesco Lapi ,&nbsp;Andrea Orsi ,&nbsp;Piero Luigi Lai ,&nbsp;Luca Pestarino ,&nbsp;Pier Claudio Brasesco ,&nbsp;Marta Vicentini ,&nbsp;Anna Puggina ,&nbsp;Alen Marijam ,&nbsp;Carlo-Simone Trombetta ,&nbsp;Giada Garzillo ,&nbsp;Giulia Guarona ,&nbsp;Federica Stefanelli ,&nbsp;Valentina Ricucci ,&nbsp;Donatella Panatto ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Icardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Data on the natural history of the community-acquired RSV in adult outpatients are limited. It is also unclear whether the existing influenza surveillance platforms based on influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions are efficient for RSV. The two-season RESPIRA-50 study was established in 2023 to identify an optimal RSV case definition and to explore the natural history of RSV. Here, the first-season results are reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted in Genoa (Italy) during the 2023/2024 RSV season. Twenty-four general practitioners were randomized 1:1 to enroll adults aged ≥ 50 years seeking care for acute respiratory infection (ARI) or ILI, respectively. Both syndromes were defined according to the European criteria. All subjects were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RSV and other pathogens. RSV-positive adults were followed for up to 30 days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 517 subjects included, 7.0 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 4.9–9.5 %)] tested positive for RSV. RSV prevalence in the ARI group (8.0 %; 95 % CI: 5.0–12.1 %) was higher than in the ILI group (6.0 %; 95 % CI: 3.5–9.5 %) with an odds ratio of 1.36 (95 % CI: 0.69–2.70). Conversely, positivity for influenza (10.4 % vs 12.4 %) and SARS-CoV-2 (12.4 % vs 16.9 %) were lower in the ARI group and the corresponding ORs were 0.82 (95 % CI: 0.48–1.42) and 0.70 (95 % CI: 0.43–1.15), respectively. The mean duration of an RSV episode was 18.8 ± 8.0 days and two thirds of individuals were prescribed antibiotics. A total of 33.3 % (95 % CI: 18.6–51.0 %) of RSV-positive individuals developed complications, of which bronchitis (13.9 %) and pneumonia (8.3 %) were the most frequent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compared with ARI, ILI-based surveillance may underestimate the burden of RSV in community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 50 years. A high proportion of RSV-positive adult outpatients develops complications, which lead to substantial resource consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 3","pages":"Article 102653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections as a consequence of coexisting or previous viral infection in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period","authors":"Anna Mania ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska ,&nbsp;Cezary Witczak ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Cwalińska ,&nbsp;Paweł Małecki ,&nbsp;Adam Meissner ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Słopień ,&nbsp;Magdalena Figlerowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Group A Streptococci (GAS) may cause infections of the pharynx and soft tissues and invasive infections in children (iGAS). A significant increase in severe iGAS infections has been reported in Europe since the fall of 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This retrospective study aims to analyse clinical data of children with invasive and non-invasive GAS infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, searching for predisposing factors to developing invasive infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>History and clinical data of patients hospitalised due to or with coexisting GAS infections were analysed. iGAS and non-iGAS infections were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort comprised 45 children (median age 7 years). 31(69 %) children developed iGAS infections - sepsis with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) (4 children-13 %), deep soft tissue infections (3–10 %), meningitis (2–6 %), pneumonia (2–6 %) or respiratory tract infections – sinusitis or otitis (4–12 %). iGAS children developed complications more frequently (100 % vs 21 %, p &lt; 0.0001) and required prolonged treatment (median 15 vs 10 days, p = 0.0001). Preceding or coexisting viral infections were more common in iGAS children (87 % vs 14 %; p &lt; 0.0001). CRP and PCT were significantly higher in the iGAS group (median 17.95 vs 3.97 mg/dl, p = 0.0002; 6.8 vs 0.05 ng/ml, p = 0.0001, respectively). The multiple logistic regression revealed that preceding or coexisting viral infections and the rise in CRP level increased the risk of iGAS infections. The CRP cut-off &gt; 14.94 mg/dl showed 68.2 % sensitivity (CI 45.13–86.14 %) and 100 % specificity (69.15–100 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study shows increased incidence and severity of GAS infections among hospitalised children. Previous or coexisting viral infections and CRP with cut-off &gt; 14.94 mg/dl were significant risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 102622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of careHPV testing for the detection of cervical precancerous lesions: 5-year follow-up of a screening program in China","authors":"Sumeng Wang ,&nbsp;Le Dang ,&nbsp;Jian Yin ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Duan ,&nbsp;Duoli Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Feng ,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Meili Su ,&nbsp;Dongbin Jia ,&nbsp;Cailing Yan ,&nbsp;Meili Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Cao ,&nbsp;Min Sun ,&nbsp;Youlin Qiao ,&nbsp;Fanghui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>CareHPV is a highly promising screening HPV assay that functions as a simplified and rapid point-of-care test, making it particularly well-suited for low-resource areas. It exhibits high sensitivity for detecting cervical precancerous lesions in cross-sectional study design. However, there is still limited evidence on the long-term protection of careHPV testing in the practical setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A government-led cervical cancer screening program was implemented in Ordos City, China, specifically targeting female residents aged 35–64 years since 2016. CareHPV specimens were collected and visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol iodine (VIA/VILI) was performed in the baseline screening. Women who were HPV-positive or VIA/VILI-suspected cancer at baseline were invited for a one-year follow-up screening. At the same time, those who were HPV-negative were scheduled for a 5-year rescreening. Women diagnosed with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) would be referred to clinical treatment as per the clinical guidelines. The current study includes participants who had valid baseline screening results and attended follow-ups with valid careHPV results conducted between January 2017 and December 2021, aiming to assess the long-term risk stratification for careHPV. Cumulative incidence rate (CIRs) and hazard ratio (HRs) for CIN2+ were calculated, using survival analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 179,306 women enrolled in the baseline screening between 2016 and 2020, 12.60 % tested positive for careHPV, with 657 cases of CIN2+ identified. The final analysis included 18,562 women in our study, of whom 58.54 % were careHPV-positive at baseline. The final analysis consisted of 17,905 women who underwent screening between 2016 and 2020 and attended follow-ups from 2017 to 2021, with valid HPV results, and 657 women who identified as CIN2+ at the baseline. The 5-year CIRs were 0.003 and 0.101 among women who tested negative and positive for baseline careHPV, respectively. The 5-year CIRs for developing CIN2+ during follow-ups were 0.009, 0.009, and 0.11 for the groups of women who transitioned from careHPV-negative to positive (831, 4.64 %), careHPV-positive to negative (6688, 37.35 %), and maintained a stable positive careHPV status (3535, 19.74 %), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings support the long-term safety and protection of careHPV testing in 5-year follow-ups of screening programs. CareHPV represents a viable option for regions with limited healthcare resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 102611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming global public health: Climate collaboration, political challenges, and systemic change","authors":"Krzysztof Goniewicz ,&nbsp;Frederick M. Burkle ,&nbsp;Amir Khorram-Manesh","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst the global challenges of the 21st century, an urgent call emerges to redefine global public health in response to the multifaceted threats of climate change, political denial, and systemic barriers. This study employs a critical analysis approach, combining a narrative literature review with Action Research, to assess the health impacts of climate change and identify pathways for resilience. Direct and indirect implications—ranging from heat-related illnesses and vector-borne diseases to mental health challenges and displacement—are highlighted, alongside barriers posed by governance structures and economic disparities. A novel collaborative framework, CLIMBED COOL, is introduced, emphasizing adaptation, transformation, and transition as key strategies to address these challenges. Findings also underscore the importance of robust education, simulation-based training, and structured data-sharing mechanisms through regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and global databases. This study advocates for a paradigm shift in global governance and collaboration, ensuring holistic and sustainable solutions for future generations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial prescribing practices for enteric bacterial infections in an integrated health care system, Wisconsin, 2004–2017","authors":"Scott C. Olson ,&nbsp;Louise K. Francois Watkins ,&nbsp;Elaine Scallan Walter ,&nbsp;Cindy R. Friedman ,&nbsp;Huong Q. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have evaluated antibiotic prescribing practices for bacterial enteric infections. Unnecessary antibiotics can result in adverse events and contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We assessed treatment practices among patients with laboratory-confirmed enteric infections in a regional healthcare system in Wisconsin, USA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used electronic health records to identify patients with laboratory-confirmed nontyphoidal <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Shigella</em>, Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC), and <em>Campylobacter</em> infections during 2004–2017. Relevant clinical data, including diagnosis codes for chronic conditions and receipt of immunosuppressive medications and antibiotic prescriptions, were extracted. We defined appropriate treatment based on pathogen, patient characteristics, and practice guidelines for the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 2064 patients infected with <em>Campylobacter</em> (1251; 61 %)<em>, Salmonella</em> (564; 27 %), STEC (199; 10 %), or <em>Shigella</em> (50; 2 %). Overall, 425 (20 %) patients were immunocompromised, ranging from 17 % with <em>Salmonella</em> to 46 % with STEC. There were 220 (11 %) hospitalizations. Antibiotics were prescribed most frequently for <em>Campylobacter</em> (53 %), followed by <em>Shigella</em> (46 %) and <em>Salmonella</em> (44 %) infections. Among those prescribed antibiotics, prescriptions were appropriate for 71 % of <em>Campylobacter</em>, 100 % of <em>Shigella</em>, and 81 % of <em>Salmonella</em> infections. Antibiotics were prescribed for 24 % of STEC infections, despite recommendations against use. Guideline adherence generally decreased with age, except for <em>Shigella</em> infections, where adherence was highest for adults ≥ 50 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Antibiotic prescribing for laboratory-confirmed enteric infections was usually appropriate but did not follow practice guidelines in a substantial minority of cases, presenting opportunity for improvement. Antibiotic stewardship initiatives should address acute bacterial gastrointestinal infections in addition to other common infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 102613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and emergence of pneumococcal serotypes and lineages in adults post-PCV13 in Spain: A multicentre study","authors":"Sara Calvo-Silveria ,&nbsp;Aida González-Díaz ,&nbsp;José María Marimón ,&nbsp;Emilia Cercenado ,&nbsp;M.Dolores Quesada ,&nbsp;Antonio Casabella ,&nbsp;Nieves Larrosa ,&nbsp;Dàmaris Berbel ,&nbsp;Marta Alonso ,&nbsp;Marta Bernat-Sole ,&nbsp;Lucía Saiz-Escobedo ,&nbsp;José Yuste ,&nbsp;Sara Martí ,&nbsp;Jordi Càmara ,&nbsp;Carmen Ardanuy","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> causes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced vaccine serotypes but has also led to the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. The aim of this study was to analyse pneumococcal lineages and their association with recent changes in IPD among adults in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from adult IPD cases (≥18 years) were collected from six Spanish hospitals in 2019–2021. Strains were serotyped, tested for antibiotic susceptibility and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Findings were compared with data from previous periods (2008–2016).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 655 IPD episodes were examined. Pneumonia was the main focus (515/655), and 366 episodes occurred in adults over 64 years. Although IPD incidence decreased during COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of disease caused by PCV13 serotypes was significant. Notably, serotype 3 persisted (GPSC12-ST180 and GPSC83-ST260), and a new serotype 4 lineage emerged (GPSC162-ST13022). Among non-PCV13 serotypes, serotype 8 expanded (GPSC3-ST53) and a new serotype 12F lineage emerged (GPSC55-ST8060). Most serotypes presented a dominant Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Cluster (GPSC) like GPSC16-ST67 of 9N or GPSC19-ST433 of 22F. Nevertheless, some GPSCs were associated with several serotypes, the most numerous were GPSC3 (serotypes 8, 11A, and 33F) and GPSC6 (serotypes 11A and 14). The overall penicillin non-susceptibility rate was 17.0 %, 14.6 % resistance for meningitis and 1.6 % for pneumonia (15.1 % susceptible at increased exposure [SIE]). Serotypes 11A and 14 (GPSC6-ST156/6521) and 19A (GPSC1-ST320) had penicillin MICs above 1 mg/L. Acquired resistance genes associated with macrolide and/or tetracycline resistance were present in 19.4 % of isolates, particularly among serotypes 6C (GPSC47-ST386/4310) and 19A (GPSC1-ST320).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The burden of PCV13 serotypes in adult IPD remains significant, and serotype 3 is the primary contributor. However, the rise of stable lineages associated with non-PCV13 serotypes, particularly 8, 9N, and 22F highlights a shifting epidemiology. The persistence of multidrug-resistant lineages, such as GPSC6-ST156 and GPSC1-ST320, emphasizes the need for continued surveillance. Vaccination of high-risk adults with current and broader coverage PCVs would help to control the burden of pneumonia and IPD among adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 102619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}