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A structured-data algorithm for semiautomated surveillance of surgical site infection after colorectal surgery: A diagnostic accuracy study 结直肠术后手术部位感染半自动监测的结构化数据算法:诊断准确性研究
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103151
Daniel Casanova-Portoles , Josep M. Badia , Carlos G. Forero , Néstor Sánchez-Martínez , Manel Romero , Toni Alonso-Solís , Enric Limón , Miquel Pujol , Joan Sancho

Background

Manual surveillance of surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectal surgery is resource-intensive, limiting scalability. Semiautomated algorithms based on structured electronic health record (EHR) data may maintain high case-finding sensitivity while reducing workload.

Methods

A retrospective diagnostic-accuracy study was conducted in a teaching hospital participating in a nationwide SSI surveillance programme. All elective colorectal procedures performed between January 2010 and December 2023 were included. SSIs were classified according to CDC-NHSN/ECDC criteria. Eight binary EHR-derived “alerts” were combined into a composite rule (any alert positive). Manual surveillance served as the reference standard. Performance was assessed overall, by SSI depth (superficial, deep, organ/space), and by procedure type (colon vs rectal). Discrimination (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 1213 patients (1085 colon; 128 rectal) were included. The overall SSI incidence was 11.2 % (3.1 % superficial, 1.2 % deep, 6.8 % organ/space). The composite alert achieved an AUC of 0.859 (95 % CI 0.838–0.878) for any SSI, with sensitivity 0.721, specificity 0.876, PPV 0.424, and NPV 0.961. At this operating point, 19 % of procedures would be flagged for manual verification, corresponding to an estimated 81 % reduction in full chart reviews. Discrimination was highest for organ/space infections (AUC 0.919; sensitivity 0.831; specificity 0.911). Performance for deep SSI was intermediate (AUC 0.805), and for superficial SSI, more limited (AUC 0.571). Sensitivity was higher for colon surgery (AUC 0.853) and specificity higher for rectal surgery (AUC 0.881).

Conclusions

The structured-data algorithm demonstrated strong overall discrimination and excellent performance for organ/space infections, supporting the feasibility of semiautomated surveillance without compromising detection quality. External and prospective validation, definition of diagnostic safety thresholds, and workload-reduction analyses are required to optimise implementation. Exploration of NLP add-ons may be considered where resources permit. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07130656.
背景:人工监测结直肠手术后手术部位感染(ssi)是资源密集型的,限制了可扩展性。基于结构化电子健康记录(EHR)数据的半自动算法可以在减少工作量的同时保持较高的病例查找灵敏度。方法在参与全国SSI监测项目的某教学医院进行回顾性诊断准确性研究。包括2010年1月至2023年12月期间进行的所有择期结直肠手术。根据CDC-NHSN/ECDC标准对ssi进行分类。8个由ehr衍生的二元“警报”被合并成一个复合规则(任何阳性警报)。人工监测作为参考标准。通过SSI深度(浅表、深部、器官/空间)和手术类型(结肠和直肠)对性能进行总体评估。以95% %置信区间(ci)计算辨别力(AUC)、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)。结果共纳入1213例患者,其中结肠1085例,直肠128例。SSI的总发生率为11.2 %(3.1 %浅表,1.2 %深部,6.8 %器官/间隙)。对于任何SSI,复合预警的AUC为0.859(95 % CI 0.838-0.878),敏感性0.721,特异性0.876,PPV 0.424, NPV 0.961。在这个操作点,19% %的程序将被标记为手动验证,对应于完整图表审查的估计减少81% %。脏器/空间感染的鉴别率最高(AUC 0.919,敏感性0.831,特异性0.911)。深度SSI的性能为中等(AUC为0.805),浅表SSI的性能更有限(AUC为0.571)。结肠手术的敏感性较高(AUC 0.853),直肠手术的特异性较高(AUC 0.881)。结论结构化数据算法对器官/空间感染具有较强的整体判别能力和优异的检测性能,支持在不影响检测质量的情况下实现半自动监测的可行性。需要外部和前瞻性验证、诊断安全阈值的定义以及工作量减少分析来优化实施。在资源允许的情况下,可以考虑对NLP附加组件进行勘探。ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07130656。
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引用次数: 0
Post-exposure prophylaxis with favipiravir among household close contacts to confirmed COVID-19 cases: A cluster-randomized trial (PEPfavi) COVID-19确诊病例家庭密切接触者的法匹拉韦暴露后预防:一项聚类随机试验(PEPfavi)
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103150
Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti , Teerapat Ungtrakul , Kriangkrai Tawinprai , Krongkwan Niemsorn , Kunsuda Punjachaipornpol , Worrawat Sangwipasnapaporn , Natcha Wattanapokasilp , Marisa Muadchimkaew , Saowanee Wongpatcharawarakul , Kamonwan Soonklang , Nithi Mahanonda

Background

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains a key driver of community spread, with secondary attack rates in Thai households reaching approximately 50 %. There is limited evidence supporting the efficacy of antiviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in this context.

Methods

The phase 2/3, open-label, (1:1) cluster-randomized controlled trial in Thailand, 168 household close contacts from 76 index cases were enrolled to receive either favipiravir-PEP (FPV-PEP) (1600–2000 mg/day for 7 days) or usual care. The efficacy of FPV-PEP was investigated in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after contact with index cases.

Results

The incidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in the FPV-PEP group than in the usual care group (7.32 % vs. 14.47 %), although the difference was not statistically significant. A trend toward fewer early positive rapid diagnostic test results on day 3 was observed in the FPV-PEP group. Symptom development was less frequent among FPV-PEP recipients, with fewer cases of fever, rhinorrhea, and myalgia. A significantly higher probability of remaining asymptomatic and delayed symptom onset was observed in the FPV-PEP group. No participants developed severe COVID-19 or required hospitalization.

Conclusion

FPV-PEP was associated with a lower incidence of fever, rhinorrhea, and myalgia among household contacts. While a reduction in secondary transmission was observed, it did not reach statistical significance. Further large-scale studies are warranted to clarify its role in preventing household transmission.
SARS-CoV-2的家庭传播仍然是社区传播的主要驱动因素,泰国家庭的二次发病率约为50% %。在这种情况下,支持抗病毒暴露后预防(PEP)有效性的证据有限。方法在泰国进行2/3期、开放标签、(1:1)聚类随机对照试验,选取76例家庭密切接触者中的168例,分别接受favipirvir - pep (FPV-PEP) (1600 ~ 2000 mg/d,连用7 d)或常规护理。观察FPV-PEP在接触指示病例后预防SARS-CoV-2感染的效果。结果FPV-PEP组确诊SARS-CoV-2感染发生率低于常规护理组(7.32 %比14.47 %),但差异无统计学意义。在FPV-PEP组中,观察到第3天早期阳性快速诊断试验结果较少的趋势。FPV-PEP受者的症状发展较少,发热、鼻流和肌痛的病例较少。在FPV-PEP组中观察到明显更高的剩余无症状和延迟症状发作的可能性。没有参与者出现严重的COVID-19或需要住院治疗。结论fpv - pep与家庭接触者发热、流鼻、肌痛发生率较低有关。虽然观察到二次传播的减少,但没有达到统计学意义。有必要进一步进行大规模研究,以阐明其在预防家庭传播方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The emergence of JN.1 variant resurgent COVID-19 wave in India and South Asia is a global public health concern 在印度和南亚出现的新型冠状病毒1型变体再次出现是一个全球性的公共卫生问题
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103146
Najibah Nasrin , Asfia Hasan Mumu , Abir Hasan Pranto , Md. Rabiul Islam
The emergence of the JN.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 has heightened global health concerns. Here, we aimed to evaluate viral characteristics, epidemiology, transmissibility, infectivity, immune evasion, effectiveness of current antiviral therapies, immunization options, genomic surveillance and public awareness against the stealthy JN.1. We searched across key databases to identify recent insights regarding JN.1 variant. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the virological characteristics and public health implications. Early genomic analyses reveal notable mutations in the spike protein, which may enhance viral transmissibility and immune escape. The findings indicate JN.1 to exhibit greater infectivity and enhanced ability to circumvent immune defenses attributable to one mutation identified as L455S. Public health agencies worldwide are enhancing monitoring, genomic surveillance, data sharing, revising containment strategies, promoting booster vaccination campaigns Furthermore, it is imperative to promote public adherence and global collaboration in encouraging the practice of preventive strategies to mitigate potential threat posed by JN.1.
SARS-CoV-2的JN.1变种的出现加剧了全球卫生问题。在这里,我们的目的是评估病毒的特征、流行病学、传播性、传染性、免疫逃避、当前抗病毒治疗的有效性、免疫选择、基因组监测和公众对隐形JN.1的认识。我们搜索了关键数据库,以确定关于JN.1变体的最新见解。这篇综述提供了病毒学特征和公共卫生影响的全面概述。早期基因组分析揭示了刺突蛋白的显著突变,这可能增强病毒的传播性和免疫逃逸。研究结果表明,JN.1表现出更强的传染性,并且由于一个被鉴定为L455S的突变而增强了规避免疫防御的能力。世界各地的公共卫生机构正在加强监测、基因组监测、数据共享、修订遏制战略、促进加强疫苗接种运动。此外,必须促进公众遵守和全球合作,鼓励采取预防战略,以减轻新冠病毒1造成的潜在威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Serological and molecular investigation of suspected chickenpox cases from India, 2016–2025 2016-2025年印度水痘疑似病例血清学和分子调查
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103147
Sunil R. Vaidya, Sarang S. Kamble, Madhukar B. Kamble, Roben P. George, Pankaj G. Pandey, Atul M. Walimbe

Background

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox is a neglected disease in India with numerous outbreaks reported in the last decade. Unfortunately, varicella vaccine is not included in India’s Universal Immunization Program (UIP), and active surveillance is not in place. Investigation of suspected varicella cases from various Indian regions was done to understand disease burden and molecular epidemiology.

Methods

Between 2016 and 2025, 195 clinical cases from suspected chickenpox cases were referred for virological investigation from five States and one Union Territory of India. Samples were analyzed for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) using IgM-EIA and/or conventional PCR. Virus isolation was attempted on Vero, MRC-5, and WI-38 cell lines. PCR-positive products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis to identify circulating VZV clades.

Results

Of the 195 suspected cases, 159 (81.53 %) were confirmed by serological or molecular methods. Majority of the cases (n = 152, 77.94 %) occurred in individuals under 18 years of age, with higher incidence among males (n = 119) than females (n = 76). Of 58 diverse clinical specimens, 43 showed VZV DNA. Sequencing of representative PCR products showed circulation of VZV clade-5 in 29 cases and clade-9 in a single case. Unfortunately, attempts at VZV isolation were not successful.

Conclusion

The study confirms a high laboratory-confirmed rate of varicella among suspected cases in India, with children being the most affected. Molecular data identified VZV clade-5 as primary circulating genotype. These findings highlight a significant burden of chickenpox and provide molecular evidence to support inclusion of the varicella vaccine in India’s Universal Immunization Program.
水痘,俗称水痘,在印度是一种被忽视的疾病,在过去十年中报道了多次暴发。不幸的是,水痘疫苗不包括在印度的普遍免疫规划(UIP)中,也没有开展主动监测。对来自印度不同地区的水痘疑似病例进行调查,以了解疾病负担和分子流行病学。方法对2016 - 2025年来自印度5个邦和1个联邦直辖区的195例疑似水痘临床病例进行病毒学调查。采用IgM-EIA和/或常规PCR对样品进行水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)检测。在Vero、MRC-5和WI-38细胞系上尝试分离病毒。pcr阳性产物测序用于系统发育分析,以确定循环VZV支系。结果195例疑似病例中,经血清学或分子检测确诊159例(81.53 %)。大多数病例(n = 152,77.94 %)发生在18岁以下的个体,男性发病率(n = 119)高于女性(n = 76)。在58份不同的临床标本中,43份显示VZV DNA。代表性PCR产物测序结果显示,29例病例中存在VZV分支枝-5,1例病例中存在分支枝-9。不幸的是,隔离VZV的尝试没有成功。结论:该研究证实,印度水痘疑似病例的实验室确诊率很高,儿童受影响最大。分子数据鉴定VZV clade-5为主要的循环基因型。这些发现突出了水痘的重大负担,并提供了分子证据,支持将水痘疫苗纳入印度的普遍免疫规划。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Clustering analysis of sexual behavioral patterns and risk of sexually transmitted infections in Chinese men who have sex with men” [J Infect Public Health 18 (2025), 102786] 中国男男性接触者性行为模式与性传播感染风险的聚类分析[J].中华卫生杂志,2018,27(2):481 - 481。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103129
Bingyang She , Yiming Liu , Siqi Lin , Fang Lu , Yi Liu , Jiajun Sun , Gaixia Li , Yawu Hu , Shu Su , Lei Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Time-series evaluation of an ED-based syndromic alarm system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic 在COVID-19大流行之前和期间对基于ed的综合征警报系统进行时间序列评估
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103149
Jeongmin Moon , Youn Young Choi , Hye Sook Min , Ho Kyung Sung , Kyung-Shin Lee

Objective

To evaluate the performance and limitations of an emergency department (ED)-based syndromic surveillance (SyS) model for detecting respiratory infection outbreaks in Korea, across distinct age groups and epidemiological contexts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective time-series analysis using nationwide data from Level 1 and 2 EDs between January 2017 and December 2022. Syndromic visits were defined as those with fever (≥38.0 °C) or respiratory symptoms. Age-stratified autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were trained on data from January 2017–December 2018 and January 2020–December 2021 to forecast syndromic ED visits in January–December 2019 and January–December 2022, respectively. Alarms were triggered when observed visit counts exceeded both the model’s 95th percentile prediction interval and historical day-of-week thresholds. Alarm performance was assessed against ED discharge diagnoses of respiratory infectious diseases.

Results

The system performed well under stable pre-pandemic conditions, particularly among children aged 0–4 years (3-day alarm sensitivity: 1.000; specificity: 0.964), and moderately among adults aged 65 years and older. In contrast, model performance deteriorated in 2022 under pandemic conditions, especially among adults aged 20–64 years, with alarm sensitivity dropping below 0.300. The decline was driven by persistently elevated syndromic activity during the Omicron wave, which overwhelmed the static thresholds of the ARIMA models.

Conclusion

ED-based SyS can offer timely and specific early warning for seasonal respiratory outbreaks, particularly in pediatric populations. However, its utility is limited during sustained pandemic waves. Future surveillance systems must incorporate adaptive models, dynamic thresholds, and multiple data streams to remain effective under evolving epidemiological baselines.
目的评价基于急诊科(ED)的综合征监测(SyS)模型在COVID-19大流行之前和期间检测韩国不同年龄组和流行病学背景下呼吸道感染暴发的性能和局限性。方法采用2017年1月至2022年12月期间全国一级和二级医疗机构的数据进行回顾性时间序列分析。综合征就诊定义为有发热(≥38.0°C)或呼吸道症状的患者。使用年龄分层自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)模型对2017年1月至2018年12月和2020年1月至2021年12月的数据进行训练,分别预测2019年1月至12月和2022年1月至12月的综合征性ED就诊情况。当观察到的访问量超过模型的第95个百分位数预测区间和历史的周数阈值时,警报就会触发。以急诊科的呼吸道传染病出院诊断为对照,评价报警效果。结果该系统在大流行前的稳定条件下表现良好,特别是在0-4岁儿童中(3天警报灵敏度为1.000,特异性为0.964),在65岁及以上的成年人中表现中等。相比之下,2022年在大流行条件下,模型性能下降,特别是在20-64岁的成年人中,警报灵敏度降至0.300以下。下降的原因是在欧米克隆波期间持续升高的综合征活动,超过了ARIMA模型的静态阈值。结论基于数据的系统可为季节性呼吸道疫情提供及时、有针对性的预警,特别是在儿科人群中。然而,在持续的大流行期间,其效用有限。未来的监测系统必须结合自适应模型、动态阈值和多种数据流,以便在不断变化的流行病学基线下保持有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba compared to Canada, 1980–2023 1980-2023年艾伯塔省、萨斯喀彻温省和马尼托巴省丙型肝炎流行病学与加拿大比较
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103148
Zipporah Gitau , Camilo Suarez-Ariza , Maria Arango-Uribe , Mariana Herrera-Diaz , Camila Oda , Angela Copete , Rotem Keynan , Ameeta E. Singh , Stuart Skinner , Cara Spence , Lauren J. MacKenzie , Ken Kasper , Laurie Ireland , Jared Bullard , Lucelly Lopez , Diana Marin , Margaret Haworth-Brockman , Zulma Vanessa Rueda , Yoav Keynan

Background

Canada aims to eliminate hepatitis C (HCV) by 2030. While national rates have dropped, regional disparities persist. In 2021, Manitoba had the highest new HCV rates, and Saskatchewan's rates were double the national average. This study aimed to describe the incidence and risk factors associated with HCV infections in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, compared to Canada,1980–2023.

Methods

This ecological study used publicly available government reports from Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Canada (1980–2023) on HCV cases and rates by year and disaggregated by sex (female/male), age, ethnicity, province, sexual orientation (gay/bisexual men who have sex with men, heterosexual), and risk factors (injection drug use, blood products, and history of incarceration).

Results

Since becoming nationally notifiable in 1991, HCV incidence in Canada has declined, but Saskatchewan has reported consistently rates above the national average since 2005. Manitoba's incidence rose, peaking in 2018, with the highest national rate in 2021 (42.8/100,000), while Alberta had the lowest rate (14.5/100,00 people). Males represented 61 % of HCV cases in Canada in 2022, but the sex gap is narrowing, particularly in the Prairies. Most cases in Canada occur among individuals aged 40–59, but younger groups (20–39) are increasingly affected in the Prairies, particularly females of childbearing age and males aged 30–39. Injection drug use was the leading risk factor in Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

Conclusion

Canada is on a downward trend in rates of HCV; however, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have higher rates, possibly due to syndemics of substance use, which are leading to increased rates of HIV and STBBIs. A collaborative effort in surveillance, testing, treatment, and prevention of HCV across the three provinces is necessary.
加拿大旨在到2030年消除丙型肝炎(HCV)。虽然全国的比率有所下降,但地区差异依然存在。2021年,曼尼托巴省的新丙肝病毒感染率最高,萨斯喀彻温省的新丙肝病毒感染率是全国平均水平的两倍。本研究旨在描述1980-2023年与加拿大相比,阿尔伯塔省、萨斯喀彻温省和马尼托巴省HCV感染的发病率和相关危险因素。方法本生态研究使用了阿尔伯塔省、萨斯喀彻温省、马尼托巴省和加拿大(1980-2023年)公开的政府报告,按性别(女性/男性)、年龄、种族、省份、性取向(男同性恋/双性恋男性、异性恋)和危险因素(注射药物使用、血液制品和监禁史)分类,并按年统计了HCV病例和发病率。结果自1991年成为全国报告以来,加拿大的HCV发病率有所下降,但萨斯喀彻温省自2005年以来报告的发病率一直高于全国平均水平。曼尼托巴省的发病率上升,在2018年达到顶峰,2021年全国发病率最高(42.8/10万人),而阿尔伯塔省的发病率最低(14.5/10万人)。2022年,男性占加拿大HCV病例的61% %,但性别差距正在缩小,特别是在大草原地区。在加拿大,大多数病例发生在40-59岁的人群中,但在草原地区,越来越多的年轻群体(20-39岁)受到影响,尤其是育龄女性和30-39岁的男性。注射吸毒是萨斯喀彻温省和马尼托巴省的主要危险因素。结论加拿大HCV感染率呈下降趋势;然而,马尼托巴省和萨斯喀彻温省的比率较高,可能是由于药物使用综合症,这导致艾滋病毒和性传染感染的比率上升。这三个省必须在监测、检测、治疗和预防丙肝病毒方面开展合作。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Italy (2007–2023): A mixed-effects model analysis of invasive pneumococcal disease 意大利肺炎链球菌血清型和抗菌素耐药性趋势(2007-2023):侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的混合效应模型分析
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103145
Irene Amoruso , Marco Fonzo , Simone Agostini , Francesca Russo , Vincenzo Baldo , Tatjana Baldovin , Chiara Bertoncello

Introduction

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern despite the widespread implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Shifts in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, particularly in the post-PCV13 era, necessitate ongoing surveillance to inform vaccine and treatment policies.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed IPD cases reported in the Veneto Region of north-eastern Italy between 2007 and 2023. Data were obtained from regional surveillance systems and included serotype, clinical presentation, demographics, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Trends in IPD incidence were modelled using negative binomial generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). Serotype distribution and AMR patterns were examined over time and in relation to age, sex, and clinical syndrome.

Results

A total of 59 pneumococcal serotypes were identified. Serotype 3 was most frequent, followed by 8 and 19 A. Significant increases were observed for serotype 8, while vaccine-included serotypes (e.g., 6 A, 23 F, 7 F) declined. AMR remained stable overall, with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance observed in 17.3 % and 13.2 % of isolates, respectively. Resistance was concentrated in serotypes 14, 15 A, and 19 A. Serotype 8 showed high prevalence but low resistance rates. The overall IPD incidence remained stable; however, a modest upward trend was observed in pre-COVID19 pandemic years.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the evolving pneumococcal landscape in the post-PCV13 era, with emerging serotypes contributing significantly to IPD burden. The observed serotype-specific AMR patterns underscore the importance of integrated surveillance to support regionally tailored immunisation strategies and empirical therapy choices. Expanded-valency vaccines may offer broader protection against emerging serotypes.
尽管肺炎球菌结合疫苗(pcv)得到广泛应用,但侵袭性肺炎球菌病(IPD)仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。血清型分布和抗菌素耐药性(AMR)模式的变化,特别是在pcv13后时代,需要持续监测,以便为疫苗和治疗政策提供信息。方法回顾性分析意大利东北部威尼托地区2007 - 2023年报告的IPD实验室确诊病例。数据来自区域监测系统,包括血清型、临床表现、人口统计学和抗菌药物敏感性。IPD发病率趋势采用负二项广义线性混合模型(GLMM)建模。血清型分布和AMR模式随时间的推移以及与年龄、性别和临床综合征的关系进行了检查。结果共检出59种肺炎球菌血清型。血清3型发病最多,其次为8例和19例 A。血清8型显著增加,而包含疫苗的血清型(例如6 A、23 F、7 F)下降。抗菌素耐药性总体保持稳定,对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性分别为17.3% %和13.2 %。耐药集中在14、15 A和19 A血清型。血清8型患病率高,但耐药率低。总体IPD发病率保持稳定;然而,在2019冠状病毒病大流行前的年份,出现了小幅上升趋势。结论:我们的研究结果强调了后pcv13时代肺炎球菌格局的演变,新出现的血清型对IPD负担有重要影响。观察到的血清型特异性抗菌素耐药性模式强调了综合监测的重要性,以支持区域量身定制的免疫策略和经验性治疗选择。扩展价疫苗可能对新出现的血清型提供更广泛的保护。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in dengue incidence and disease burden in South Asia with special reference to India: Insights from the global burden of disease data, 1990–2021 南亚登革热发病率和疾病负担趋势,特别是印度:1990-2021年全球疾病负担数据的见解。
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103142
Ravichandiran Velayutham , Sheetal Kalra , Sheetal Yadav , Abhishek Dadhich , Prabodh Chander Sharma , Sapna Yadav , Palka Mittal , Aditya Kukreti , Priyansh Ajmera , Puneeta Ajmera , Mohammad Miraj , Riyaz Ahamed Shaik , Abeer Al-Maamari

Background

Dengue fever has become a significant public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2000, 505,430 cases of dengue were reported worldwide, and by 2023, the number of cases had increased to nearly 6.5 million. The present study aims to examine the temporal trends in dengue incidence and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data across South Asian countries while identifying geographic, gender, and age-related disparities with a specific focus on trends and spatial variations in India.

Methods

The GBD 2021 database was used to extract data on age-standardized incidence rates, DALYs, and ASDRs. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the trends and annual and average annual percentage changes. We also performed spatial and age-group analyses to explore the differences in disease burden across different geographical and demographic groups.

Findings

In 2021, 32.3 million cases of dengue were reported in South Asia, indicating a 152.9 % increase from 1990. With an estimated annual percentage change of 1.5 %, the ASIR increased from 1141.7 to 1704.9 per 100,000 people. At 944,761, DALYs almost doubled, whereas ASDRs increased at a rate of 1.87 % each year. A total of 28.2 million of these cases were in India, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. The increase in dengue cases in India has been reported as 11.2 million in 1990–28.2 million in 2021, with DALYs increasing by 2.86 % annually and an increase in the ASIR of 1.55 %.

Conclusion

The findings highlight a substantial increase in dengue burden across South Asia. The rising burden of incidence and disability requires public health initiatives, such as robust surveillance, targeted vector control, and improved treatment strategies, to reduce its impact effectively.
背景:登革热已成为世界范围内的重大公共卫生问题,特别是在热带和亚热带地区。2000年,全世界报告了505,430例登革热病例,到2023年,病例数已增加到近650万例。本研究旨在利用2021年全球疾病负担数据,研究1990年至2021年南亚国家登革热发病率和残疾调整寿命年的时间趋势,同时确定与地理、性别和年龄相关的差异,特别关注印度的趋势和空间变化。方法:使用GBD 2021数据库提取年龄标准化发病率、DALYs和asdr数据。联结点回归用于检验趋势和年度和平均年度百分比变化。我们还进行了空间和年龄组分析,以探讨不同地理和人口群体之间疾病负担的差异。研究结果:2021年,南亚报告了3230万登革热病例,比1990年增加了152.9 %。估计每年的百分比变化为1.5 %,ASIR从每10万人1141.7增加到1704.9。DALYs为944,761,几乎翻了一番,而asdr每年以1.87 %的速度增长。其中2820万例发生在印度,其次是巴基斯坦和孟加拉国。据报告,印度登革热病例在1990年至2021年期间增加了1120万例,至2820万 万例,伤残调整生命年每年增加2.86 %,ASIR增加1.55 %。结论:研究结果突出了南亚地区登革热负担的大幅增加。发病率和残疾负担日益加重,需要采取公共卫生举措,如强有力的监测、有针对性的病媒控制和改进的治疗战略,以有效减少其影响。
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引用次数: 0
USING GLOBAL SEQUENCE DATABASES TO INFORM AND ACCELERATE ASSAY DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID TESTS FOR NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE 利用全球序列数据库为淋病奈瑟菌抗微生物药物耐药性快速检测提供信息并加快检测方法的开发
IF 4 3区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103100
Abdulrahman Ayfan , Leah Roberts , David Whiley
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Infection and Public Health
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