Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102631
Jian-Di Li , Yu-Qing Liu , Rong-Quan He , Zhi-Guang Huang , Wan-Ying Huang , Hong Huang , Zhi-Hong Liu , Gang Chen
In 2022, Langya henipavirus was identified in patients with fever in eastern China. This study provides an overview of the scientific landscape, highlights research focus areas, and outlines potential future investigations. The relevant scientific literature was systematically searched and reviewed via advanced bibliometric techniques. Over the past two decades, henipavirus research has increased at an annual rate of 8.82 %. The United States leads in research output, with the Australian Animal Health Laboratory as the top institution. Most articles are published in the Journal of Virology, identified as the most influential journal along with researcher Wang LF. Current research focuses on “zoonosis,” “vaccine,” and “pathogenesis,” whereas future areas may include “molecular docking,” “immunoinformatics,” “climate change,” “antibodies,” “vaccines,” “glycoprotein,” and “ephrin-b2.” This study details henipavirus research, highlighting key players, trends, and future directions. These insights will guide future efforts to address the risks posed by novel Henipaviruses, such as Langya.
2022年，中国东部地区在发热患者中发现狼牙亨尼帕病毒。本研究概述了科学景观，突出了研究重点领域，并概述了潜在的未来调查。通过先进的文献计量学技术系统地检索和审查了相关的科学文献。在过去的二十年里，对亨尼帕病毒的研究以每年8.82 %的速度增长。美国在研究产出方面处于领先地位，其中澳大利亚动物健康实验室（Australian Animal Health Laboratory）位居榜首。大多数文章发表在《病毒学杂志》上，该杂志与王丽芬研究员一起被评为最具影响力的期刊。目前的研究重点是“人畜共患病”、“疫苗”和“发病机制”，而未来的研究领域可能包括“分子对接”、“免疫信息学”、“气候变化”、“抗体”、“疫苗”、“糖蛋白”和“ephrin-b2”。本研究详细介绍了亨尼帕病毒的研究，强调了主要参与者、趋势和未来方向。这些见解将指导未来应对新型亨尼帕病毒（如琅琊病毒）带来的风险的努力。
{"title":"Understanding and addressing the global impact: A systematic review and cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of Langya henipavirus and pre-existing severe henipaviruses","authors":"Jian-Di Li , Yu-Qing Liu , Rong-Quan He , Zhi-Guang Huang , Wan-Ying Huang , Hong Huang , Zhi-Hong Liu , Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, Langya henipavirus was identified in patients with fever in eastern China. This study provides an overview of the scientific landscape, highlights research focus areas, and outlines potential future investigations. The relevant scientific literature was systematically searched and reviewed via advanced bibliometric techniques. Over the past two decades, henipavirus research has increased at an annual rate of 8.82 %. The United States leads in research output, with the Australian Animal Health Laboratory as the top institution. Most articles are published in the <em>Journal of Virology</em>, identified as the most influential journal along with researcher Wang LF. Current research focuses on “zoonosis,” “vaccine,” and “pathogenesis,” whereas future areas may include “molecular docking,” “immunoinformatics,” “climate change,” “antibodies,” “vaccines,” “glycoprotein,” and “ephrin-b2.” This study details henipavirus research, highlighting key players, trends, and future directions. These insights will guide future efforts to address the risks posed by novel Henipaviruses, such as Langya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102634
Lijun Yin , Lu Lu , Leiyan He , Gangfeng Yan , Guoping Lu , Xiaowen Zhai , Chuanqing Wang
Background
The investigation into risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in pediatric populations in China is currently inadequate.
Methods
To assess epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms, virulence-associated genes were analyzed, alongside multi locus sequence typing (MLST), PCR, and qRT-PCR.
Finding
Multivariate analysis identified prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.026; 95 % CI: 1.004–1.049; P = 0.023) and increased exposure to enzyme inhibitor complex preparations (OR: 3.165; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.113–8.999; P = 0.031) as independent risk factors for CRPA healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Mortality rates were significantly higher in the HAI group compared to the non-HAI group (19.1 % vs. 6.0 %, P = 0.021). Analysis of virulence-associated gene combinations revealed 10 and 15 distinct profiles among HAI and non-HAI isolates, respectively, characterized by exoS−/exoU+ or exoS+ /exoU− genotypes, with no isolates exhibiting both exoS+ and exoU+ genotypes concurrently.
Infections predominantly correlated with CC244, with a significantly greater occurrence in the HAI group (72.1 % vs. 46.3 %, P = 0.002). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified that both CC244 + and HAI isolates demonstrated elevated resistance across all tested antibiotics. Furthermore, low oprD expression was observed in 77.9 % of HAI isolates and 67.2 % of non-HAI isolates, while increased ampC production and mexB gene overexpression were infrequently detected (all P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Prolonged hospital stays and an increased exposure to enzyme–inhibitor complex therapies were identified as independent risk factors for CRPA HAIs. CRPA demonstrated considerable genetic diversity, with STs predominantly represented by CC244, and virulence-associated genes have spread. The primary mechanism driving carbapenem resistance involved the downregulation of outer membrane porin protein oprD, accompanied by oprD mutation inactivation.
{"title":"Non-carbapenem-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children: Risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanism","authors":"Lijun Yin , Lu Lu , Leiyan He , Gangfeng Yan , Guoping Lu , Xiaowen Zhai , Chuanqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The investigation into risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant <em><strong>Pseudomonas</strong> aeruginosa</em> (CRPA) in pediatric populations in China is currently inadequate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To assess epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms, virulence-associated genes were analyzed, alongside multi locus sequence typing (MLST), PCR, and qRT-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>Multivariate analysis identified prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.026; 95 % CI: 1.004–1.049; <em>P</em> = 0.023) and increased exposure to enzyme inhibitor complex preparations (OR: 3.165; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.113–8.999; <em>P</em> = 0.031) as independent risk factors for CRPA healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Mortality rates were significantly higher in the HAI group compared to the non-HAI group (19.1 % vs. 6.0 %, <em>P</em> = 0.021). Analysis of virulence-associated gene combinations revealed 10 and 15 distinct profiles among HAI and non-HAI isolates, respectively, characterized by <em>exoS−/exoU+</em> or <em>exoS+ /exoU−</em> genotypes, with no isolates exhibiting both <em>exoS</em>+ and <em>exoU</em>+ genotypes concurrently.</div><div>Infections predominantly correlated with CC244, with a significantly greater occurrence in the HAI group (72.1 % vs. 46.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.002). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified that both CC244 + and HAI isolates demonstrated elevated resistance across all tested antibiotics. Furthermore, low <em>oprD</em> expression was observed in 77.9 % of HAI isolates and 67.2 % of non-HAI isolates, while increased <em>ampC</em> production and <em>mexB</em> gene overexpression were infrequently detected (all <em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prolonged hospital stays and an increased exposure to enzyme–inhibitor complex therapies were identified as independent risk factors for CRPA HAIs. CRPA demonstrated considerable genetic diversity, with STs predominantly represented by CC244, and virulence-associated genes have spread. The primary mechanism driving carbapenem resistance involved the downregulation of outer membrane porin protein <em>oprD</em>, accompanied by <em>oprD</em> mutation inactivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a significant global public health issue due to its high recurrence rate and association with various adverse health effects. Understanding the composition and dynamics of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is essential for better understanding of vaginal health and for developing effective strategies to improve BV management. The study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after metronidazole (MTZ) treatment, and in healthy women.
Methods
Vaginal samples were collected from 20 women with BV (each sampled at three time points: pre-MTZ treatment, post-MTZ treatment and follow-up) and from 20 healthy women (each sampled once). The VMB was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing via next-generation sequencing on the Ion Torrent PGM platform.
Results
The VMB in Thai women with BV was predominantly composed of Gardnerella, Prevotella and Fannyhessea (formerly Atopobium), while Lactobacillus dominated in healthy controls. Women with BV exhibited greater bacterial diversity and higher prevalence of anaerobic species compared to healthy women. There was higher diversity and abundance in the VMB from pre-MTZ samples, while post-MTZ and follow-up samples displayed lower diversity. In the follow-up stage, the VMB was divided into two subgroups: the larger cured subgroup, which shifted towards a Lactobacillus-dominated composition resembling healthy controls, and the small treatment-failure subgroup, which exhibited a Gardnerella-dominated profile similar to pre-MTZ.
Conclusions
This study provides valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after treatment, offering potential markers for predicting treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Dynamics and diversity of vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis among Thai patients treated with metronidazole","authors":"Auttawit Sirichoat , Pranom Buppasiri , Kiatichai Faksri , Viraphong Lulitanond","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a significant global public health issue due to its high recurrence rate and association with various adverse health effects. Understanding the composition and dynamics of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is essential for better understanding of vaginal health and for developing effective strategies to improve BV management. The study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after metronidazole (MTZ) treatment, and in healthy women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Vaginal samples were collected from 20 women with BV (each sampled at three time points: pre-MTZ treatment, post-MTZ treatment and follow-up) and from 20 healthy women (each sampled once). The VMB was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing via next-generation sequencing on the Ion Torrent PGM platform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VMB in Thai women with BV was predominantly composed of <em>Gardnerella</em>, <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Fannyhessea</em> (formerly <em>Atopobium</em>), while <em>Lactobacillus</em> dominated in healthy controls. Women with BV exhibited greater bacterial diversity and higher prevalence of anaerobic species compared to healthy women. There was higher diversity and abundance in the VMB from pre-MTZ samples, while post-MTZ and follow-up samples displayed lower diversity. In the follow-up stage, the VMB was divided into two subgroups: the larger cured subgroup, which shifted towards a <em>Lactobacillus-</em>dominated composition resembling healthy controls, and the small treatment-failure subgroup, which exhibited a <em>Gardnerella</em>-dominated profile similar to pre-MTZ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of the VMB in Thai women with BV before and after treatment, offering potential markers for predicting treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102661
Antonio Anastasia , Walter Mazzucco , Luca Pipitò , Santo Fruscione , Roberta Gaudiano , Marcello Trizzino , Maurizio Zarcone , Antonio Cascio
Background
HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of cancer development and Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancers have been a manifestation of AIDS. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, a collateral appearance of non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) has been observed in HIV positive patients.
Methods
From January 1997 to December 2022, we performed an observational cross-sectional study, involving HIV-infected outpatients with both AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and NADC, followed up in a tertiary hospital in Italy.
Results
Overall, 153 cases of malignancy were observed, with a higher percentage of NADC (60.8 %) rather than ADC (39.2 %). Mean age at tumour diagnosis was significantly lower for ADC than for NADC in HIV positive individuals (p-value= 0.001). No statistical difference was found between the mean values of zenith HIV-RNA and CD4 count in HIV outpatients with cancer and in those without cancer, while a statistically significant difference was found between the HIV-RNA zenith in HIV outpatients with ADC as compared with NADC (10.2 copies/mL versus 8.1 copies/mL; p-value= 0.007).
Conclusions
Our study revealed a considerably high proportion of non-AIDS defining malignancies in HIV individuals, emphasizing the need to improve the management of these cancer patients at follow up according to the risk profiles and the changing epidemiology.
{"title":"Malignancies in people living with HIV: A 25-years observational study from a tertiary hospital in Italy","authors":"Antonio Anastasia , Walter Mazzucco , Luca Pipitò , Santo Fruscione , Roberta Gaudiano , Marcello Trizzino , Maurizio Zarcone , Antonio Cascio","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of cancer development and Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancers have been a manifestation of AIDS. With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, a collateral appearance of non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) has been observed in HIV positive patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From January 1997 to December 2022, we performed an observational cross-sectional study, involving HIV-infected outpatients with both AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and NADC, followed up in a tertiary hospital in Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 153 cases of malignancy were observed, with a higher percentage of NADC (60.8 %) rather than ADC (39.2 %). Mean age at tumour diagnosis was significantly lower for ADC than for NADC in HIV positive individuals (p-value= 0.001). No statistical difference was found between the mean values of zenith HIV-RNA and CD4 count in HIV outpatients with cancer and in those without cancer, while a statistically significant difference was found between the HIV-RNA zenith in HIV outpatients with ADC as compared with NADC (10.2 copies/mL versus 8.1 copies/mL; p-value= 0.007).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study revealed a considerably high proportion of non-AIDS defining malignancies in HIV individuals, emphasizing the need to improve the management of these cancer patients at follow up according to the risk profiles and the changing epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102691
Zita Martins Ruano , Teresa Letra Mateus , Madalena Vieira-Pinto
In some European countries, animal brucellosis is a concern that requires a comprehensive understanding of its distribution, hosts and transmission routes, particularly involving wild species, in which the disease is still neglected. This systematic review was designed to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of brucellosis in wild boar and domestic pigs in Europe. A systematic search was conducted in four databases to identify relevant original research articles. Thirty-six articles were included. Brucellosis has been identified in 17 European countries and the most reported circulating Brucella species and biovar was Brucella suis biovar 2. Brucella suis biovar 1, Brucella suis biovar 3, Brucella melitensis biovar 3 and Brucella microti were also identified from molecular investigations. We highlight the diversity in the occurrence of this infection, with the presence of Brucella species with zoonotic potential, and emphasize the need for surveillance.
{"title":"An insight into brucellosis in wild boar and domestic pigs in Europe: A systematic review","authors":"Zita Martins Ruano , Teresa Letra Mateus , Madalena Vieira-Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In some European countries, animal brucellosis is a concern that requires a comprehensive understanding of its distribution, hosts and transmission routes, particularly involving wild species, in which the disease is still neglected. This systematic review was designed to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of brucellosis in wild boar and domestic pigs in Europe. A systematic search was conducted in four databases to identify relevant original research articles. Thirty-six articles were included. Brucellosis has been identified in 17 European countries and the most reported circulating <em>Brucella</em> species and biovar was <em>Brucella suis</em> biovar 2. <em>Brucella suis</em> biovar 1, <em>Brucella suis</em> biovar 3, <em>Brucella melitensis</em> biovar 3 and <em>Brucella microti</em> were also identified from molecular investigations. We highlight the diversity in the occurrence of this infection, with the presence of <em>Brucella</em> species with zoonotic potential, and emphasize the need for surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102689
Li Ping Wong , Hai Yen Lee , Haridah Alias , Abhishek Lachyan , Di Khanh Nguyen , Farhana Nishat Seheli , Jamil Ahmed , Zhijian Hu , Yulan Lin
Background
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a significant public health challenge and a neglected disease in many parts of Asia, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations. Despite the potential of vaccines to reduce the burden of these neglected IPIs, little is known about the public's willingness to be vaccinated against these infections.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the general population's knowledge, symptom experiences, and willingness to vaccinate against IPIs across six countries: Malaysia, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, and China.
Materials and methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between June and December 2023 across six countries in Asia region. Participants completed a self-administered online questionnaire that assessed demographic information, knowledge of IPIs, symptom experiences, and willingness to receive a vaccine against IPIs for themselves and their children. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyses were performed to determine the factors related to vaccination the willingness.
Results
A total of 5470 complete responses were received. The highest proportion of individuals willing to receive the vaccine was in India (86.1 %), followed by China (80.8 %) and Pakistan (75 %), with Vietnam having the lowest proportion at 50.1 %. For child vaccination, China had the highest willingness (83.3 %). A higher knowledge score was significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 1.91, 95 % CI: 1.70–2.15]. Additionally, a higher symptom experience score was significantly associated with greater vaccination willingness (aOR=1.71, 95 % CI: 1.50–1.94). Females residing in urban-suburban areas showed significantly higher vaccination intentions. The willingness to vaccinate children against IPIs closely mirrored the trends observed in self-vaccination willingness, with knowledge being the only factor significantly associated with the willingness to vaccinate children.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of enhancing educational efforts regarding neglected IPIs and vaccination, particularly when vaccines are available and recommended.
{"title":"Knowledge, experience, and willingness to vaccinate against intestinal parasitic infections: A multi-country study in Asia","authors":"Li Ping Wong , Hai Yen Lee , Haridah Alias , Abhishek Lachyan , Di Khanh Nguyen , Farhana Nishat Seheli , Jamil Ahmed , Zhijian Hu , Yulan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a significant public health challenge and a neglected disease in many parts of Asia, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations. Despite the potential of vaccines to reduce the burden of these neglected IPIs, little is known about the public's willingness to be vaccinated against these infections.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the general population's knowledge, symptom experiences, and willingness to vaccinate against IPIs across six countries: Malaysia, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, and China.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between June and December 2023 across six countries in Asia region. Participants completed a self-administered online questionnaire that assessed demographic information, knowledge of IPIs, symptom experiences, and willingness to receive a vaccine against IPIs for themselves and their children. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyses were performed to determine the factors related to vaccination the willingness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 5470 complete responses were received. The highest proportion of individuals willing to receive the vaccine was in India (86.1 %), followed by China (80.8 %) and Pakistan (75 %), with Vietnam having the lowest proportion at 50.1 %. For child vaccination, China had the highest willingness (83.3 %). A higher knowledge score was significantly associated with increased willingness to be vaccinated [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 1.91, 95 % CI: 1.70–2.15]. Additionally, a higher symptom experience score was significantly associated with greater vaccination willingness (aOR=1.71, 95 % CI: 1.50–1.94). Females residing in urban-suburban areas showed significantly higher vaccination intentions. The willingness to vaccinate children against IPIs closely mirrored the trends observed in self-vaccination willingness, with knowledge being the only factor significantly associated with the willingness to vaccinate children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study underscores the importance of enhancing educational efforts regarding neglected IPIs and vaccination, particularly when vaccines are available and recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102688
Geunsoo Jang , Jihyeon Kim , Robin N. Thompson , Hyojung Lee
Background
Vaccination has played a key role in limiting the impacts of COVID-19. Even though the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic is now over, the potential for substantial numbers of cases and deaths due to novel SARS-CoV-2 variants remains. In the Republic of Korea, a strategy of vaccinating individuals in high-risk groups annually began in October 2023.
Methods
We used mathematical modeling to assess the effectiveness of alternative vaccination strategies under different assumptions about the number of available vaccine doses. An age-structured transmission model was developed using vaccination and seropositivity data. Various vaccination scenarios were considered, taking into account the effect of undetected or unreported cases (with different levels of reporting by age group): S1: prioritizing vaccination towards the oldest individuals; S2: prioritizing vaccination towards the youngest individuals; and S3: spreading vaccines among all age groups.
Results
Our analysis reveals three key findings. First, administering vaccines to older age groups reduces the number of deaths, while instead targeting younger individuals reduces the number of infections. Second, with approximately 6,000,000 doses available annually, it is recommended that older age groups are prioritized for vaccination, achieving a substantial reduction in the number of deaths compared to a scenario without vaccination. Finally, since case detection (and subsequent isolation) affects transmission, the number of cumulative cases was found to be affected substantially by changes in the reporting rate.
Conclusions
In conclusion, vaccination and case detection (facilitated by contact tracing) both play important roles in limiting the impacts of COVID-19. The mathematical modeling approach presented here provides a framework for assessing the effectiveness of different vaccination strategies in scenarios with limited vaccine supply.
{"title":"Modeling vaccination prioritization strategies for post-pandemic COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea accounting for under-reporting and age-structure","authors":"Geunsoo Jang , Jihyeon Kim , Robin N. Thompson , Hyojung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccination has played a key role in limiting the impacts of COVID-19. Even though the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic is now over, the potential for substantial numbers of cases and deaths due to novel SARS-CoV-2 variants remains. In the Republic of Korea, a strategy of vaccinating individuals in high-risk groups annually began in October 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used mathematical modeling to assess the effectiveness of alternative vaccination strategies under different assumptions about the number of available vaccine doses. An age-structured transmission model was developed using vaccination and seropositivity data. Various vaccination scenarios were considered, taking into account the effect of undetected or unreported cases (with different levels of reporting by age group): S1: prioritizing vaccination towards the oldest individuals; S2: prioritizing vaccination towards the youngest individuals; and S3: spreading vaccines among all age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our analysis reveals three key findings. First, administering vaccines to older age groups reduces the number of deaths, while instead targeting younger individuals reduces the number of infections. Second, with approximately 6,000,000 doses available annually, it is recommended that older age groups are prioritized for vaccination, achieving a substantial reduction in the number of deaths compared to a scenario without vaccination. Finally, since case detection (and subsequent isolation) affects transmission, the number of cumulative cases was found to be affected substantially by changes in the reporting rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, vaccination and case detection (facilitated by contact tracing) both play important roles in limiting the impacts of COVID-19. The mathematical modeling approach presented here provides a framework for assessing the effectiveness of different vaccination strategies in scenarios with limited vaccine supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norovirus infection is the second most frequent viral agent causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Asymptomatic norovirus infection is prevalent in children and is associated with growth failure. Evaluating the intestinal inflammation of asymptomatic norovirus infection is pivotal to overcoming malnutrition, especially in resource-limited settings. The current study aimed to compare the level of fecal neopterin and calprotectin, as the well-established biomarker for intestinal inflammation, in malnourished children with symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections.
Methods
In total 78 stool samples from children under five years old were analyzed in this comparative study. The 67 of the participants were malnourished children, with 24 had asymptomatic (ANV) and 18 had symptomatic norovirus infection (SNV), while 25 had no infections (Mal). We assigned 11 healthy children without any infection as control (Healthy). We assessed the fecal neopterin and calprotectin from the stools samples collected during viral diarrhea surveillance in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, using commercially ELISA kit from BT Lab (Zhejiang, China) for human neopterin and calprotectin. The statistical differences were tested using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test.
Results
The level of fecal neopterin (mean ± SD, 15.46 ± 1.75 nmol/L and 15.12 ± 2.41 nmol/L; p-value: 0.744) and calprotectin (mean ± SD, 184.35 ± 35.09 ng/ml and 177.95 ± 49.55 ng/ml; p-value: 0.457) between ANV and SNV was comparable, also between Mal and Healthy groups. Meanwhile, the level of both biomarkers was significantly different in norovirus positive group and norovirus negative group (p-value < 0.000).
Conclusions
Norovirus infection, regardless of the presence of symptoms, triggered intestinal inflammation, represented by the increased of fecal neopterin and calprotectin level.
{"title":"Level of fecal neopterin and calprotectin in asymptomatic and symptomatic norovirus-infected children with malnutrition in Indonesia","authors":"Anisa Lailatul Fitria , Zayyin Dinana , Aussie Tahta Maharani , Alinda Syifa Fumizuki , Faiz Nabila Mumtazya , Dominikus Raditya Atmaka , Laura Navika Yamani , Juniastuti , Maria Inge Lusida , Soetjipto , Septa Indra Puspikawati","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Norovirus infection is the second most frequent viral agent causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Asymptomatic norovirus infection is prevalent in children and is associated with growth failure. Evaluating the intestinal inflammation of asymptomatic norovirus infection is pivotal to overcoming malnutrition, especially in resource-limited settings. The current study aimed to compare the level of fecal neopterin and calprotectin, as the well-established biomarker for intestinal inflammation, in malnourished children with symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total 78 stool samples from children under five years old were analyzed in this comparative study. The 67 of the participants were malnourished children, with 24 had asymptomatic (ANV) and 18 had symptomatic norovirus infection (SNV), while 25 had no infections (Mal). We assigned 11 healthy children without any infection as control (Healthy). We assessed the fecal neopterin and calprotectin from the stools samples collected during viral diarrhea surveillance in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, using commercially ELISA kit from BT Lab (Zhejiang, China) for human neopterin and calprotectin. The statistical differences were tested using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The level of fecal neopterin (mean ± SD, 15.46 ± 1.75 nmol/L and 15.12 ± 2.41 nmol/L; <em>p-value</em>: 0.744) and calprotectin (mean ± SD, 184.35 ± 35.09 ng/ml and 177.95 ± 49.55 ng/ml; <em>p-value</em>: 0.457) between ANV and SNV was comparable, also between Mal and Healthy groups. Meanwhile, the level of both biomarkers was significantly different in norovirus positive group and norovirus negative group (<em>p-value</em> < 0.000).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Norovirus infection, regardless of the presence of symptoms, triggered intestinal inflammation, represented by the increased of fecal neopterin and calprotectin level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102684
Kinkar Ghosh , Selim Reza Tony , Khaleda Islam , Reaz Mobarak , Md. Jahangir Alam , Md. Kamruzzaman , Sumaira Alam , Muhammad Talha , Abdullah Al Faisal , Nahidul Islam , Md Mobarok Hossain , Mst. Noorjahan Begum , Mustafizur Rahman
Background
Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne disease and has grown to be a major public health issue, especially in tropical nations like Bangladesh. Globally, children, adolescents, and young adults bear the largest burden of Dengue; the infection rate is highest among infants. However, the epidemiology of pediatric dengue virus infection has been poorly explored in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out at the Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute from July to October 2023. Among 1102 admitted patients, 722 who were positive for dengue rapid test were enrolled.
Results
The highest number of positive patients were 1-5 years old (38%) followed by 5-10 years (32%). Vomiting (49%) was most common after fever (100%). 71% of patients showed warning signs, with 17 deaths. All patients received antibiotics, and the number of different antibiotics increased with hospital stay. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted on purposively selected 104 rapid test positives and 50 negatives for serotyping. DENV-2 was the most predominant serotype (80%), followed by DENV-3 (20%).
Conclusion
This study underscored the need for targeted public health interventions, especially for children with warning signs, to address the high burden of pediatric dengue infection in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Epidemiology of pediatric dengue virus infection, Scenario from a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"Kinkar Ghosh , Selim Reza Tony , Khaleda Islam , Reaz Mobarak , Md. Jahangir Alam , Md. Kamruzzaman , Sumaira Alam , Muhammad Talha , Abdullah Al Faisal , Nahidul Islam , Md Mobarok Hossain , Mst. Noorjahan Begum , Mustafizur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne disease and has grown to be a major public health issue, especially in tropical nations like Bangladesh. Globally, children, adolescents, and young adults bear the largest burden of Dengue; the infection rate is highest among infants. However, the epidemiology of pediatric dengue virus infection has been poorly explored in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This study was carried out at the Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute from July to October 2023. Among 1102 admitted patients, 722 who were positive for dengue rapid test were enrolled.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The highest number of positive patients were 1-5 years old (38%) followed by 5-10 years (32%). Vomiting (49%) was most common after fever (100%). 71% of patients showed warning signs, with 17 deaths. All patients received antibiotics, and the number of different antibiotics increased with hospital stay. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted on purposively selected 104 rapid test positives and 50 negatives for serotyping. DENV-2 was the most predominant serotype (80%), followed by DENV-3 (20%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscored the need for targeted public health interventions, especially for children with warning signs, to address the high burden of pediatric dengue infection in Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102682
Khalid Salman , Sittna Hayder El Nagar , Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein , Mohammed A. El Hussein , Hadi M. Yassine , Hebah A. Al Khatib , Mashael Ali Al- Badr , Ibrahim Farah , Khalid A. Enan
Background
Patients with haematological disorders, such as sickle cell anaemia, are at an elevated risk of transient aplastic crisis due to parvovirus B19 infection. The virus targets specific integration sites in the human genome, disrupting cellular division. However, the molecular mechanisms of infection remain poorly understood.
Aim
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of human parvovirus B19 among patients with sickle cell anaemia in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Methods
Ninety patients (aged <5 to >15 years) with sickle cell disease attending Gaafer Ibnouaf Children’s Hospital between November 2016 and February 2017 were recruited. Sera and plasma samples were analyzed. IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using ELISA, and viral DNA was detected in plasma using nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced B19 strains focused on the overlapping region of the minor (VP1) and major (VP2) capsid protein genes.
Results
Anti-parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were detected in 57 of 90 patients (63.3 %), while IgM antibodies were present in 7 (7.8 %). Viral DNA was identified in 23 (25.5 %) patients. Among the 23 DNA-positive patients, 7 (30 %) were seronegative for both IgG and IgM antibodies, highlighting the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying active infections, especially in early stages. Children under 5 years of age exhibited a higher nucleic acid detection rate compared to older age groups, suggesting the importance of molecular testing in younger patients particularly in the early detection of Parvovirus B19 during the acute phase of infection, before the body has developed detectable antibodies and also in immunocompromised children, who may not mount an antibody response detectable by serological methods. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct Sudanese clusters: one (50 % of sequences) formed a unique clade with low similarity to existing genotypes, while the other (50 %) closely resembled genotype 1 A sequences from Iraq, Iran, and Tanzania.
Conclusion
Parvovirus B19 antibodies and DNA were detected at high prevalence among Sudanese children with sickle cell anaemia. Screening for parvovirus B19 is critical for patients requiring blood transfusions, particularly those with haematological disorders. This study provides the first report of parvovirus B19 detection, sequencing, and characterization among Sudanese patients with sickle cell anaemia.
{"title":"First report of serological, molecular detection, and characterization of human parvovirus B19 infections among sickle cell anaemia patients in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Khalid Salman , Sittna Hayder El Nagar , Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein , Mohammed A. El Hussein , Hadi M. Yassine , Hebah A. Al Khatib , Mashael Ali Al- Badr , Ibrahim Farah , Khalid A. Enan","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with haematological disorders, such as sickle cell anaemia, are at an elevated risk of transient aplastic crisis due to parvovirus B19 infection. The virus targets specific integration sites in the human genome, disrupting cellular division. However, the molecular mechanisms of infection remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of human parvovirus B19 among patients with sickle cell anaemia in Khartoum State, Sudan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety patients (aged <5 to >15 years) with sickle cell disease attending Gaafer Ibnouaf Children’s Hospital between November 2016 and February 2017 were recruited. Sera and plasma samples were analyzed. IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using ELISA, and viral DNA was detected in plasma using nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced B19 strains focused on the overlapping region of the minor (VP1) and major (VP2) capsid protein genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Anti-parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were detected in 57 of 90 patients (63.3 %), while IgM antibodies were present in 7 (7.8 %). Viral DNA was identified in 23 (25.5 %) patients. Among the 23 DNA-positive patients, 7 (30 %) were seronegative for both IgG and IgM antibodies, highlighting the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying active infections, especially in early stages. Children under 5 years of age exhibited a higher nucleic acid detection rate compared to older age groups, suggesting the importance of molecular testing in younger patients particularly in the early detection of Parvovirus B19 during the acute phase of infection, before the body has developed detectable antibodies and also in immunocompromised children, who may not mount an antibody response detectable by serological methods. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct Sudanese clusters: one (50 % of sequences) formed a unique clade with low similarity to existing genotypes, while the other (50 %) closely resembled genotype 1 A sequences from Iraq, Iran, and Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parvovirus B19 antibodies and DNA were detected at high prevalence among Sudanese children with sickle cell anaemia. Screening for parvovirus B19 is critical for patients requiring blood transfusions, particularly those with haematological disorders. This study provides the first report of parvovirus B19 detection, sequencing, and characterization among Sudanese patients with sickle cell anaemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 102682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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