Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

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Trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Italy (2007–2023): A mixed-effects model analysis of invasive pneumococcal disease 意大利肺炎链球菌血清型和抗菌素耐药性趋势（2007-2023）：侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的混合效应模型分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103145

Irene Amoruso , Marco Fonzo , Simone Agostini , Francesca Russo , Vincenzo Baldo , Tatjana Baldovin , Chiara Bertoncello

Introduction

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern despite the widespread implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Shifts in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, particularly in the post-PCV13 era, necessitate ongoing surveillance to inform vaccine and treatment policies.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed IPD cases reported in the Veneto Region of north-eastern Italy between 2007 and 2023. Data were obtained from regional surveillance systems and included serotype, clinical presentation, demographics, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Trends in IPD incidence were modelled using negative binomial generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). Serotype distribution and AMR patterns were examined over time and in relation to age, sex, and clinical syndrome.

Results

A total of 59 pneumococcal serotypes were identified. Serotype 3 was most frequent, followed by 8 and 19 A. Significant increases were observed for serotype 8, while vaccine-included serotypes (e.g., 6 A, 23 F, 7 F) declined. AMR remained stable overall, with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance observed in 17.3 % and 13.2 % of isolates, respectively. Resistance was concentrated in serotypes 14, 15 A, and 19 A. Serotype 8 showed high prevalence but low resistance rates. The overall IPD incidence remained stable; however, a modest upward trend was observed in pre-COVID19 pandemic years.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the evolving pneumococcal landscape in the post-PCV13 era, with emerging serotypes contributing significantly to IPD burden. The observed serotype-specific AMR patterns underscore the importance of integrated surveillance to support regionally tailored immunisation strategies and empirical therapy choices. Expanded-valency vaccines may offer broader protection against emerging serotypes.

尽管肺炎球菌结合疫苗（pcv）得到广泛应用，但侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。血清型分布和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）模式的变化，特别是在pcv13后时代，需要持续监测，以便为疫苗和治疗政策提供信息。方法回顾性分析意大利东北部威尼托地区2007 - 2023年报告的IPD实验室确诊病例。数据来自区域监测系统，包括血清型、临床表现、人口统计学和抗菌药物敏感性。IPD发病率趋势采用负二项广义线性混合模型（GLMM）建模。血清型分布和AMR模式随时间的推移以及与年龄、性别和临床综合征的关系进行了检查。结果共检出59种肺炎球菌血清型。血清3型发病最多，其次为8例和19例 A。血清8型显著增加，而包含疫苗的血清型（例如6 A、23 F、7 F）下降。抗菌素耐药性总体保持稳定，对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性分别为17.3% %和13.2 %。耐药集中在14、15 A和19 A血清型。血清8型患病率高，但耐药率低。总体IPD发病率保持稳定；然而，在2019冠状病毒病大流行前的年份，出现了小幅上升趋势。结论：我们的研究结果强调了后pcv13时代肺炎球菌格局的演变，新出现的血清型对IPD负担有重要影响。观察到的血清型特异性抗菌素耐药性模式强调了综合监测的重要性，以支持区域量身定制的免疫策略和经验性治疗选择。扩展价疫苗可能对新出现的血清型提供更广泛的保护。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in dengue incidence and disease burden in South Asia with special reference to India: Insights from the global burden of disease data, 1990–2021 南亚登革热发病率和疾病负担趋势，特别是印度：1990-2021年全球疾病负担数据的见解。

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103142

Ravichandiran Velayutham , Sheetal Kalra , Sheetal Yadav , Abhishek Dadhich , Prabodh Chander Sharma , Sapna Yadav , Palka Mittal , Aditya Kukreti , Priyansh Ajmera , Puneeta Ajmera , Mohammad Miraj , Riyaz Ahamed Shaik , Abeer Al-Maamari

Background

Dengue fever has become a significant public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2000, 505,430 cases of dengue were reported worldwide, and by 2023, the number of cases had increased to nearly 6.5 million. The present study aims to examine the temporal trends in dengue incidence and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data across South Asian countries while identifying geographic, gender, and age-related disparities with a specific focus on trends and spatial variations in India.

Methods

The GBD 2021 database was used to extract data on age-standardized incidence rates, DALYs, and ASDRs. Joinpoint regression was used to examine the trends and annual and average annual percentage changes. We also performed spatial and age-group analyses to explore the differences in disease burden across different geographical and demographic groups.

Findings

In 2021, 32.3 million cases of dengue were reported in South Asia, indicating a 152.9 % increase from 1990. With an estimated annual percentage change of 1.5 %, the ASIR increased from 1141.7 to 1704.9 per 100,000 people. At 944,761, DALYs almost doubled, whereas ASDRs increased at a rate of 1.87 % each year. A total of 28.2 million of these cases were in India, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. The increase in dengue cases in India has been reported as 11.2 million in 1990–28.2 million in 2021, with DALYs increasing by 2.86 % annually and an increase in the ASIR of 1.55 %.

Conclusion

The findings highlight a substantial increase in dengue burden across South Asia. The rising burden of incidence and disability requires public health initiatives, such as robust surveillance, targeted vector control, and improved treatment strategies, to reduce its impact effectively.

背景：登革热已成为世界范围内的重大公共卫生问题，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。2000年，全世界报告了505,430例登革热病例，到2023年，病例数已增加到近650万例。本研究旨在利用2021年全球疾病负担数据，研究1990年至2021年南亚国家登革热发病率和残疾调整寿命年的时间趋势，同时确定与地理、性别和年龄相关的差异，特别关注印度的趋势和空间变化。方法：使用GBD 2021数据库提取年龄标准化发病率、DALYs和asdr数据。联结点回归用于检验趋势和年度和平均年度百分比变化。我们还进行了空间和年龄组分析，以探讨不同地理和人口群体之间疾病负担的差异。研究结果：2021年，南亚报告了3230万登革热病例，比1990年增加了152.9 %。估计每年的百分比变化为1.5 %，ASIR从每10万人1141.7增加到1704.9。DALYs为944,761，几乎翻了一番，而asdr每年以1.87 %的速度增长。其中2820万例发生在印度，其次是巴基斯坦和孟加拉国。据报告，印度登革热病例在1990年至2021年期间增加了1120万例，至2820万 万例，伤残调整生命年每年增加2.86 %，ASIR增加1.55 %。结论：研究结果突出了南亚地区登革热负担的大幅增加。发病率和残疾负担日益加重，需要采取公共卫生举措，如强有力的监测、有针对性的病媒控制和改进的治疗战略，以有效减少其影响。

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