Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献_第6页

Serological and molecular investigation of suspected chickenpox cases from India, 2016–2025 2016-2025年印度水痘疑似病例血清学和分子调查

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103147

Sunil R. Vaidya, Sarang S. Kamble, Madhukar B. Kamble, Roben P. George, Pankaj G. Pandey, Atul M. Walimbe

Background

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox is a neglected disease in India with numerous outbreaks reported in the last decade. Unfortunately, varicella vaccine is not included in India’s Universal Immunization Program (UIP), and active surveillance is not in place. Investigation of suspected varicella cases from various Indian regions was done to understand disease burden and molecular epidemiology.

Methods

Between 2016 and 2025, 195 clinical cases from suspected chickenpox cases were referred for virological investigation from five States and one Union Territory of India. Samples were analyzed for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) using IgM-EIA and/or conventional PCR. Virus isolation was attempted on Vero, MRC-5, and WI-38 cell lines. PCR-positive products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis to identify circulating VZV clades.

Results

Of the 195 suspected cases, 159 (81.53 %) were confirmed by serological or molecular methods. Majority of the cases (n = 152, 77.94 %) occurred in individuals under 18 years of age, with higher incidence among males (n = 119) than females (n = 76). Of 58 diverse clinical specimens, 43 showed VZV DNA. Sequencing of representative PCR products showed circulation of VZV clade-5 in 29 cases and clade-9 in a single case. Unfortunately, attempts at VZV isolation were not successful.

Conclusion

The study confirms a high laboratory-confirmed rate of varicella among suspected cases in India, with children being the most affected. Molecular data identified VZV clade-5 as primary circulating genotype. These findings highlight a significant burden of chickenpox and provide molecular evidence to support inclusion of the varicella vaccine in India’s Universal Immunization Program.

水痘，俗称水痘，在印度是一种被忽视的疾病，在过去十年中报道了多次暴发。不幸的是，水痘疫苗不包括在印度的普遍免疫规划（UIP）中，也没有开展主动监测。对来自印度不同地区的水痘疑似病例进行调查，以了解疾病负担和分子流行病学。方法对2016 - 2025年来自印度5个邦和1个联邦直辖区的195例疑似水痘临床病例进行病毒学调查。采用IgM-EIA和/或常规PCR对样品进行水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）检测。在Vero、MRC-5和WI-38细胞系上尝试分离病毒。pcr阳性产物测序用于系统发育分析，以确定循环VZV支系。结果195例疑似病例中，经血清学或分子检测确诊159例（81.53 %）。大多数病例（n = 152,77.94 %）发生在18岁以下的个体，男性发病率（n = 119）高于女性（n = 76）。在58份不同的临床标本中，43份显示VZV DNA。代表性PCR产物测序结果显示，29例病例中存在VZV分支枝-5,1例病例中存在分支枝-9。不幸的是，隔离VZV的尝试没有成功。结论：该研究证实，印度水痘疑似病例的实验室确诊率很高，儿童受影响最大。分子数据鉴定VZV clade-5为主要的循环基因型。这些发现突出了水痘的重大负担，并提供了分子证据，支持将水痘疫苗纳入印度的普遍免疫规划。

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引用次数: 0

Consensus-based expert recommendations on the management of heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV in the Middle East 关于中东地区接受过大量治疗的艾滋病毒感染者管理的基于共识的专家建议。

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103110

Ali S. Omrani , Abdullah Almohaizeie , Ahmed Al Hammadi , Ghassan Wali , Jameela Al Salman , Masautso Chaponda , Osama Albaksami

Background

Heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV face significant clinical challenges due to multidrug resistance, prior treatment failures, and limited effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) options. In the Middle East, these challenges are compounded by insufficient surveillance systems, limited regional guidance, and stigma-related barriers to care. The objective of this study was to develop consensus-based, evidence-informed statements for the management of HTE people with HIV in the Middle East through expert collaboration and a literature review.

Methods

An expert panel of infectious disease specialists from across the Middle East conducted a literature review and applied the Delphi methodology to reach consensus on key recommendations. Statements were developed, refined, and voted on anonymously, with consensus defined as ≥ 80 % agreement.

Results

A consensus was reached on eight core statements, including: defining HTE, enhanced monitoring protocols, timely adherence and resistance assessments, individualized ART construction, multidisciplinary care integration, non-pharmacological support strategies, establishment of HIV registries, and development of formal HTE HIV management guidelines with ongoing clinician training.

Conclusions

These consensus statements provide a foundational framework to improve the management of HTE HIV in the Middle East. Implementation of these regionally tailored strategies may enhance clinical outcomes, address key unmet needs, and strengthen HIV care infrastructure across the region.

背景：由于多药耐药、先前治疗失败和有限的有效抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）选择，大量治疗经验（HTE）的艾滋病毒感染者面临着重大的临床挑战。在中东，监测系统不足、区域指导有限以及与歧视有关的护理障碍使这些挑战更加严峻。本研究的目的是通过专家合作和文献综述，为中东地区艾滋病毒感染者的管理制定基于共识、循证的声明。方法：一个由中东传染病专家组成的专家小组进行了文献综述，并应用德尔菲方法就关键建议达成共识。声明的制定、完善和匿名投票，共识定义为≥ 80 %的一致性。结果：在8项核心声明上达成共识，包括：定义HTE、加强监测方案、及时的依从性和耐药性评估、个体化抗逆转录病毒治疗的构建、多学科护理整合、非药物支持策略、建立艾滋病毒登记、制定正式的HTE艾滋病毒管理指南并持续对临床医生进行培训。结论：这些共识声明为改善中东地区艾滋病毒感染管理提供了基础框架。实施这些区域量身定制的战略可以提高临床结果，解决关键的未满足需求，并加强整个区域的艾滋病毒护理基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Peritoneal tuberculosis impersonating ovarian malignancy: A case series from a high tuberculosis burden country 冒充卵巢恶性肿瘤的腹膜结核：来自结核病高负担国家的病例系列

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103113

S.A. Susilo, A.B. Harsono, G.N.A. Winarno, S. Salima, K.I. Mantilidewi

An uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is abdominal tuberculosis (TB). Due to its vague symptoms, abdominal TB remains difficult to diagnose. We report three cases of peritoneal TB with abdominal enlargement in Bandung, Indonesia, which were initially misdiagnosed as ovarian carcinoma and treated with biopsy and laparotomy. To avoid unnecessary invasive procedures that pose risks to patients, we assess the need for a diagnostic strategy to differentiate between ovarian cancer and abdominal TB based on our experiences and existing literature. Peritoneal TB closely mimics ovarian cancer in clinical presentation, imaging findings, and tumor marker profiles. Elevated CA-125 and ascitic fluid analysis may mislead clinicians, especially in resource-limited settings. To prevent misdiagnosis, careful diagnostic procedures should be undertaken.

腹结核是肺外结核的一种罕见形式。由于其症状模糊，腹部结核仍然难以诊断。我们报告三例腹膜结核伴腹部增大的病例，在印度尼西亚万隆，最初被误诊为卵巢癌，并进行活检和剖腹手术治疗。为了避免不必要的侵入性手术给患者带来风险，我们根据我们的经验和现有文献评估了区分卵巢癌和腹部结核病的诊断策略的必要性。腹膜结核在临床表现、影像学表现和肿瘤标志物方面与卵巢癌非常相似。CA-125升高和腹水分析可能会误导临床医生，特别是在资源有限的情况下。为防止误诊，应采取仔细的诊断程序。

引用次数: 0

Trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Italy (2007–2023): A mixed-effects model analysis of invasive pneumococcal disease 意大利肺炎链球菌血清型和抗菌素耐药性趋势（2007-2023）：侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的混合效应模型分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103145

Irene Amoruso , Marco Fonzo , Simone Agostini , Francesca Russo , Vincenzo Baldo , Tatjana Baldovin , Chiara Bertoncello

Introduction

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern despite the widespread implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Shifts in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, particularly in the post-PCV13 era, necessitate ongoing surveillance to inform vaccine and treatment policies.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed IPD cases reported in the Veneto Region of north-eastern Italy between 2007 and 2023. Data were obtained from regional surveillance systems and included serotype, clinical presentation, demographics, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Trends in IPD incidence were modelled using negative binomial generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). Serotype distribution and AMR patterns were examined over time and in relation to age, sex, and clinical syndrome.

Results

A total of 59 pneumococcal serotypes were identified. Serotype 3 was most frequent, followed by 8 and 19 A. Significant increases were observed for serotype 8, while vaccine-included serotypes (e.g., 6 A, 23 F, 7 F) declined. AMR remained stable overall, with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance observed in 17.3 % and 13.2 % of isolates, respectively. Resistance was concentrated in serotypes 14, 15 A, and 19 A. Serotype 8 showed high prevalence but low resistance rates. The overall IPD incidence remained stable; however, a modest upward trend was observed in pre-COVID19 pandemic years.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the evolving pneumococcal landscape in the post-PCV13 era, with emerging serotypes contributing significantly to IPD burden. The observed serotype-specific AMR patterns underscore the importance of integrated surveillance to support regionally tailored immunisation strategies and empirical therapy choices. Expanded-valency vaccines may offer broader protection against emerging serotypes.

尽管肺炎球菌结合疫苗（pcv）得到广泛应用，但侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。血清型分布和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）模式的变化，特别是在pcv13后时代，需要持续监测，以便为疫苗和治疗政策提供信息。方法回顾性分析意大利东北部威尼托地区2007 - 2023年报告的IPD实验室确诊病例。数据来自区域监测系统，包括血清型、临床表现、人口统计学和抗菌药物敏感性。IPD发病率趋势采用负二项广义线性混合模型（GLMM）建模。血清型分布和AMR模式随时间的推移以及与年龄、性别和临床综合征的关系进行了检查。结果共检出59种肺炎球菌血清型。血清3型发病最多，其次为8例和19例 A。血清8型显著增加，而包含疫苗的血清型（例如6 A、23 F、7 F）下降。抗菌素耐药性总体保持稳定，对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性分别为17.3% %和13.2 %。耐药集中在14、15 A和19 A血清型。血清8型患病率高，但耐药率低。总体IPD发病率保持稳定；然而，在2019冠状病毒病大流行前的年份，出现了小幅上升趋势。结论：我们的研究结果强调了后pcv13时代肺炎球菌格局的演变，新出现的血清型对IPD负担有重要影响。观察到的血清型特异性抗菌素耐药性模式强调了综合监测的重要性，以支持区域量身定制的免疫策略和经验性治疗选择。扩展价疫苗可能对新出现的血清型提供更广泛的保护。

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引用次数: 0

Dominant strain analysis of Omicron sublineages based on next-generation sequencing in the Honam region of South Korea 基于新一代测序的韩国湖南地区Omicron亚谱系优势菌株分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103124

Hyeon Gyeong Kim , Dong-Min Kim , Sung-Chul Lim , Choon-Mee Kim , Yoon-Seok Chung

This study aimed to identify Omicron sublineages and examine their patterns in the Honam region, the southwestern region of South Korea, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In 2023, 1725 polymerase chain reaction-positive samples were collected from the Honam region for variant analysis through NGS. Among the 1725 confirmed cases, 1690 were domestic infections, and 35 were imported infections. The study identified two Honam-specific sublineages, BN.1 and HK.3, with a significant difference in variant distribution between domestic and imported infections (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed across the three Honam regions (P = 0.348). The variant prevalence in Honam differed from national and global data reported by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). This study emphasizes the value of regional variant analysis using NGS, which aids in infectious disease surveillance and monitoring regional variant distribution.

本研究旨在利用下一代测序技术（NGS）鉴定韩国西南地区湖南地区的Omicron亚谱系并检查其模式。2023年，在湖南地区采集了1725份聚合酶链反应阳性样本，通过NGS进行变异分析。1725例确诊病例中，国内感染病例1690例，输入性感染病例35例。该研究确定了两个湖南特有的亚谱系，BN.1和HK.3，在国内感染和输入感染之间的变异分布有显著差异（P <； 0.001）。但是湖南3个地区之间没有显著差异（P = 0.348）。湖南的变异流行率与共享所有流感数据全球倡议（GISAID）报告的国家和全球数据不同。本研究强调了利用NGS进行区域变异分析的价值，它有助于传染病监测和监测区域变异分布。

引用次数: 0

Global burden, inequalities and projections of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, 1990–2050: A systematic global analysis 全球负担，不平等和预测万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌，1990-2050：一个系统的全球分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103111

Yu Qiu, Hongmei Wang, Kunli Yin, Wenxiang Huang

Background

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) and Enterococcus faecalis (VREfs) are major antimicrobial resistance threats. Previous assessments rarely distinguished species, limiting understanding of their epidemiology and control. To address this gap, we analysed trends from 1990 to 2021 and projected the burden through 2050 in order to assess the global burden, inequalities, and future patterns of VREfm and VREfs.

Methods

We analysed deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation (MICROBE) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Associations with the socio-demographic index (SDI), health inequalities, and decomposition of burden changes were examined. Future trends to 2050 were projected using a Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) model.

Results

In 2021, 11,021 deaths and 353,634 DALYs were attributable to VREfm worldwide, compared with 2991 deaths and 82,025 DALYs attributable to VREfs. Since 1990, VREfm has increased mainly in higher-SDI regions, whereas VREfs has decreased in lower-SDI settings. Based on the BAPC model, VREfm burden is projected to continue rising across all indicators by 2050, while VREfs shows a sustained decline.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates divergent species-specific trends, with an increasing burden of VREfm and a decline in VREfs. VREfm is concentrated in middle- to high-SDI regions, while VREfs is in lower-SDI regions. For both species, burden peaks in young children and older adults. These divergent patterns necessitate tailored strategies that prioritise young children and older adults, with a focus on hospital infection control and antimicrobial stewardship for VREfm in higher-SDI regions, and on community prevention and One Health approaches for VREfs in lower-SDI regions.

耐万古霉素屎肠球菌（VREfm）和粪肠球菌（VREfs）是主要的抗菌素耐药性威胁。以前的评估很少区分物种，限制了对其流行病学和控制的理解。为了解决这一差距，我们分析了1990年至2021年的趋势，并预测了到2050年的负担，以评估VREfm和VREfs的全球负担、不平等和未来模式。方法：我们分析了1990年至2021年204个国家的死亡和残疾调整生命年（DALYs），测量感染原因和耐药性结果用于负担估计（微生物）。使用估计的年百分比变化（EAPC）评估时间趋势。研究了与社会人口指数（SDI）、健康不平等和负担变化分解的关系。使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）模型预测了到2050年的未来趋势。结果2021年，全球有11,021例死亡和353,634例DALYs可归因于VREfm，而VREfs可归因于2991例死亡和82,025例DALYs。自1990年以来，VREfm主要在高sdi地区增加，而在低sdi地区VREfs下降。根据BAPC模型，预计到2050年，所有指标的vref负担将继续上升，而vref负担将持续下降。结论该研究显示出不同的物种特异性趋势，即VREfm负担增加和VREfs减少。VREfm主要分布在中高sdi区域，而VREfs主要分布在低sdi区域。对于这两种物种，幼儿和老年人的负担最高。这些不同的模式需要有针对性的战略，优先考虑幼儿和老年人，重点放在医院感染控制和抗微生物药物管理上，在高sdi地区进行VREfm，在低sdi地区进行社区预防和“一个健康”方法。

{"title":"Global burden, inequalities and projections of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, 1990–2050: A systematic global analysis","authors":"Yu Qiu, Hongmei Wang, Kunli Yin, Wenxiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vancomycin-resistant <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> (VREfm) and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (VREfs) are major antimicrobial resistance threats. Previous assessments rarely distinguished species, limiting understanding of their epidemiology and control. To address this gap, we analysed trends from 1990 to 2021 and projected the burden through 2050 in order to assess the global burden, inequalities, and future patterns of VREfm and VREfs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation (MICROBE) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Associations with the socio-demographic index (SDI), health inequalities, and decomposition of burden changes were examined. Future trends to 2050 were projected using a Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, 11,021 deaths and 353,634 DALYs were attributable to VREfm worldwide, compared with 2991 deaths and 82,025 DALYs attributable to VREfs. Since 1990, VREfm has increased mainly in higher-SDI regions, whereas VREfs has decreased in lower-SDI settings. Based on the BAPC model, VREfm burden is projected to continue rising across all indicators by 2050, while VREfs shows a sustained decline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates divergent species-specific trends, with an increasing burden of VREfm and a decline in VREfs. VREfm is concentrated in middle- to high-SDI regions, while VREfs is in lower-SDI regions. For both species, burden peaks in young children and older adults. These divergent patterns necessitate tailored strategies that prioritise young children and older adults, with a focus on hospital infection control and antimicrobial stewardship for VREfm in higher-SDI regions, and on community prevention and One Health approaches for VREfs in lower-SDI regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology, clinical outcomes and mortality-associated factors of staphylococcal pneumonia in hospitalized Thai children: A nationwide retrospective analysis 2015–2023 泰国住院儿童葡萄球菌肺炎的流行病学、临床结局和死亡相关因素：2015-2023年全国回顾性分析

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103127

Sirapoom Niamsanit , Phanthila Sitthikarnkha , Leelawadee Techasatian , Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul , Pope Kosalaraksa , Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat , Rattapon Uppala

Background and aims

Staphylococcal pneumonia is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to investigate the national epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and mortality-associated factors of pediatric staphylococcal pneumonia in Thailand.

Materials and methods

A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the National Health Security Office (NHSO) database. All hospital admissions of children aged 1 month to < 18 years diagnosed with staphylococcal pneumonia (ICD-10-TM code J15.2) between 2015 and 2023 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, complications, interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with mortality.

Results

A total of 1718 admissions were analyzed. Annual admissions peaked at 249 in 2016 and were lowest at 129 in 2022. Most admissions were male (61.5 %) and infants under 1 year (34.2 %). Intubation was required in 60.9 % of cases, and 10.5 % underwent surgical interventions. The hospital mortality rate was 10.6 %. Factors associated with higher mortality included congenital heart disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.57; 95 % CI 2.27–5.61), malignancy (AOR 4.13; 95 % CI 1.87–9.10), malnutrition (AOR 3.13; 95 % CI 1.45–6.75), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (AOR 4.26; 95 % CI 2.23–8.14), septic shock (AOR 3.85; 95 % CI 2.52–5.90), acute renal failure (AOR 4.46; 95 % CI 2.72–7.30), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (AOR 2.13; 95 % CI 1.18–3.83), and need for endotracheal intubation (AOR 9.98; 95 % CI 4.50–22.15).

Conclusion

Pediatric staphylococcal pneumonia remains a significant clinical burden in Thailand, with high complication and mortality rates. Targeted interventions, particularly in high-risk populations, are essential to improve outcomes.

背景和目的葡萄球菌性肺炎是全世界儿童发病和死亡的一个严重原因，特别是在资源有限的地区。本研究旨在调查泰国儿童葡萄球菌性肺炎的全国流行病学、临床结果和死亡相关因素。材料与方法利用国家卫生安全办公室（NHSO）数据库进行了一项全国性的回顾性研究。纳入2015年至2023年期间所有住院诊断为葡萄球菌肺炎（ICD-10-TM代码J15.2）的1个月至 18岁儿童。分析了人口统计学、合并症、并发症、干预措施和结果。使用多变量逻辑回归来确定与死亡率独立相关的因素。结果共分析入院人数1718人。2016年全年入学人数达到249人的峰值，2022年最低，为129人。入院患者以男性（61.5% %）和1岁以下婴儿（34.2% %）居多。60.9% %的病例需要插管，10.5% %的病例需要手术干预。住院死亡率为10.6% %。与高死亡率相关的因素包括先天性心脏病（调整优势比[AOR] 3.57; 95 % CI 2.27-5.61）、恶性肿瘤（AOR 4.13; 95 % CI 1.87-9.10）、营养不良（AOR 3.13; 95 % CI 1.45-6.75）、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）（AOR 4.26; 95 % CI 2.23-8.14）、感染性休克（AOR 3.85; 95 % CI 2.52-5.90）、急性肾功能衰竭（AOR 4.46; 95 % CI 2.72-7.30）、弥散性血管内凝血(AOR 2.13；95 % CI 1.18-3.83)，需要气管插管（AOR 9.98; 95 % CI 4.50-22.15）。结论在泰国，儿童葡萄球菌肺炎仍然是一个重要的临床负担，其并发症和死亡率都很高。有针对性的干预措施，特别是针对高危人群的干预措施，对于改善结果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Possible tuberculous meningitis presenting with predominant voiding dysfunction in an elderly patient: A case report 以排尿功能障碍为主的老年患者可能的结核性脑膜炎一例报告

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103128

Fanwei Liu , Siqi Sun , Yonghu Zhang , Fang Wang , Xiou Yang , Bingli Zhang , Sitong Fan , Hongyu Jia

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) typically presents with neurological symptoms. Voiding dysfunction in TBM is usually attributed to spinal cord involvement. We report a rare case of possible TBM co-existing with possible prostatic tuberculosis, presenting primarily with urinary symptoms in the absence of spinal pathology. A 69-year-old male presented with a two-year history of progressive urinary retention, urgency, and frequency. Initial management for benign prostatic hyperplasia was ineffective. He subsequently developed fever, headache, and dizziness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein. Despite extensive testing, including CSF culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), no pathogen was identified. However, a history of untreated testicular tuberculosis, pulmonary nodules on CT, and a prostatic nodule on MRI raised suspicion of disseminated tuberculosis. A clinical diagnosis of possible TBM was made based on a Marais score of 11. An intensive anti-tuberculosis regimen including moxifloxacin and linezolid led to complete resolution of neurological and urinary symptoms. This case suggests that voiding dysfunction in TBM patients may stem from concurrent genitourinary tuberculosis rather than spinal cord involvement. It highlights the importance of considering hematogenous dissemination from latent genitourinary foci in elderly patients and the utility of the Marais criteria for the diagnosis of TBM when microbiological evidence is elusive.

结核性脑膜炎（TBM）通常表现为神经系统症状。TBM的排尿功能障碍通常归因于脊髓受累。我们报告一例罕见的结核病合并前列腺结核的病例，主要表现为泌尿系统症状，没有脊柱病理。一名69岁男性，有2年进行性尿潴留、尿急和尿频病史。良性前列腺增生的初始治疗是无效的。他随后出现发烧、头痛和头晕。脑脊液（CSF）分析显示淋巴细胞增多和蛋白升高。尽管进行了广泛的测试，包括CSF培养，Xpert MTB/RIF和宏基因组下一代测序（mNGS），但没有发现病原体。然而，未经治疗的睾丸结核史，CT上的肺结节和MRI上的前列腺结节引起了对播散性结核的怀疑。根据Marais评分为11分，临床诊断可能为TBM。包括莫西沙星和利奈唑胺在内的强化抗结核方案导致神经和泌尿系统症状的完全解决。本病例提示TBM患者的排尿功能障碍可能源于并发泌尿生殖系统结核，而不是脊髓受累。它强调了考虑老年患者潜伏性泌尿生殖系统病灶的血液传播的重要性，以及当微生物证据难以捉摸时，Marais诊断TBM标准的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

A decade of respiratory virus surveillance in the Republic of Korea: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on virus circulation patterns 大韩民国呼吸道病毒监测十年：COVID-19大流行对病毒传播模式的影响

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103093

Jee Eun Rhee , Nam-Joo Lee , Jaehee Lee , SangHee Woo , Seonmi Jin , Gab Jung Kim , Eun-Jin Kim

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have significantly altered the circulation of respiratory viruses worldwide. This study aimed to describe the temporal and epidemiological changes in the circulation of major respiratory viruses in the Republic of Korea.

Methods

Data were collected from the Korea Respiratory viruses Integrated Surveillance System (K-RISS) over ten consecutive respiratory seasons (2015–2016–2024–2025). Respiratory specimens (n = 119,657) were obtained from 106 sentinel network clinics. Real-time PCR was used to detect eight viruses: influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV), adenovirus (AdV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and human rhinovirus (HRV). Detection patterns were compared across pre-pandemic (2015–early 2020), pandemic (2020–2023), and post-pandemic (late 2023–mid 2025) periods.

Results

During the NPI periods, enveloped viruses (IFV, RSV, PIV, HCoV, and HMPV) nearly disappeared, but resurged with atypical seasonality in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. RSV and PIV reemerged earlier and at higher detection levels, particularly among children aged 0–6 years. In contrast, non-enveloped viruses (HBoV, HRV, and AdV) remained detectable throughout the pandemic. Overall, viral detection dropped to 44.8 % in the 2020–2021 season but recovered to 57.5 % in 2022–2023. By 2024–2025, most viruses had returned to their pre-pandemic seasonal patterns.

Conclusion

COVID-19-related NPIs caused profound, virus-specific shifts in respiratory virus circulation. Surveillance through the K-RISS allowed for early detection of re-emergent viruses and guided public health responses. Continuous, multipathogen monitoring is essential for preparing against future disruptions driven by pandemics or environmental changes.

背景：COVID-19大流行和相关的非药物干预措施（npi）显著改变了全球呼吸道病毒的传播。本研究旨在描述大韩民国主要呼吸道病毒传播的时间和流行病学变化。方法：从韩国呼吸道病毒综合监测系统（K-RISS）连续10个呼吸季节（2015-2016-2024-2025）收集数据。呼吸道标本（n = 119,657）来自106个哨点网络诊所。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测流感病毒（IFV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、人偏肺病毒（HMPV）、人冠状病毒（HCoV）、腺病毒（AdV）、人博卡病毒（HBoV）和人鼻病毒（HRV） 8种病毒。比较了大流行前（2015- 2020年初）、大流行期（2020-2023年）和大流行后（2023年底- 2025年中期）的检测模式。结果：在NPI期间，包膜病毒（IFV、RSV、PIV、HCoV和HMPV）基本消失，但在2021-2022年和2022-2023年出现非典型季节性复苏。RSV和PIV复发较早，检出率较高，特别是在0-6岁儿童中。相反，非包膜病毒（HBoV、HRV和AdV）在整个大流行期间仍可检测到。总体而言，病毒检出率在2020-2021赛季下降到44.8% %，但在2022-2023赛季恢复到57.5% %。到2024-2025年，大多数病毒已恢复到大流行前的季节性模式。结论：与covid -19相关的npi在呼吸道病毒循环中引起了深刻的病毒特异性变化。通过K-RISS进行的监测有助于及早发现再次出现的病毒，并指导公共卫生反应。持续的多病原体监测对于防范流行病或环境变化造成的未来破坏至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of monovalent vaccines in preventing death and severe disease among Omicron-infected and hospitalized patients in China 单价疫苗预防中国欧米克隆感染和住院患者死亡和重症的有效性

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103109

Ming-Jin Liu , Wei Zhang , Chun-Xi Shan , Yao Tian , Qiang Xu , Mi Mu , Peng-Tao Bao , Yang Yang , Li-Qun Fang

Background

The lifting of the zero-COVID policy in China in December of 2022 triggered a national surge of Omicron variants BA.5/BF.7 of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of monovalent inactivated vaccines received by the majority of the Chinese population in reducing mortality and severe clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed BA.5/BF.7 infections remains unclear.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted electronic health record (EHR) data on baseline characteristics, vaccination history, and clinical outcome of in-patients in three Chinese hospitals whose infections with SARS-CoV-2 were laboratory-confirmed and admitted during 25 November 2022 − 27 January 2023. Logistic regression was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against death and severe disease (mechanical ventilator, intensive care unit or death), adjusting for potential confounders such as age group and chronic conditions.

Results

Among the 862 patients with vaccination information, 360 (41.8 %) received at least one dose of COVID vaccine and only 214 (24.8 %) received ≥ 3 doses. The VE of ≥ 3 doses was estimated to be 74 % (95 % CI: 43 %, 88 %) against death and 65 % (95 % CI: 45 %, 78 %) against severe disease, in reference to unvaccinated. The two most widely used vaccines in China, Sinopharm and Sinovac, showed comparable effectiveness against death for ≥ 3 doses, 80 % (95 % CI: 9 %, 96 %) vs. 66 % (95 % CI: 18 %, 86 %), respectively.

Conclusions

While being replaced by more effective bivalent vaccines, monovalent inactivated vaccines can be a valuable option for preventing death and severe disease in resource-limited settings.

中国于2022年12月取消零冠政策，引发了BA.5/BF型欧米克隆病毒的全国性激增。SARS-CoV-2的7个。大多数中国人接种单价灭活疫苗在降低实验室确诊BA.5/BF住院患者死亡率和严重临床结局方面的有效性感染情况尚不清楚。方法在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们提取了2022年11月25日 至2023年1月27日期间中国三家医院实验室确诊并入院的SARS-CoV-2感染患者的基线特征、疫苗接种史和临床结局的电子健康记录（EHR）数据。使用Logistic回归来估计疫苗对死亡和重症（机械呼吸机、重症监护病房或死亡）的有效性（VE），并对年龄和慢性病等潜在混杂因素进行调整。结果在862例有疫苗接种信息的患者中，360例（41.8 %）接种了至少1剂COVID - 19疫苗，214例（24.8 %）接种了≥ 3剂。的VE≥ 3剂量估计74 %(95 % CI: 43 %,88 %)对死亡和65 %(95 % CI: 45 %,78 %)对严重疾病,在未接种疫苗。在中国两个最广泛使用的疫苗,国药控股北京科兴,显示类似的有效性对死亡≥ 3剂量,80 %(95 % CI: 9 %,96 %)和66 %(95 % CI: 18 %,86 %),分别。结论虽然单价灭活疫苗可以被更有效的二价疫苗所取代，但在资源有限的情况下，单价灭活疫苗可以成为预防死亡和严重疾病的一种有价值的选择。

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