Journal of Infection and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Suboptimal primaquine adherence in Plasmodium vivax malaria: Evidence from high-burden tribal districts in Odisha","authors":"Anju Viswan K ,&nbsp;Kannan Thiruvengadam ,&nbsp;Rohit Sharma,&nbsp;Nandhini Perumalsamy,&nbsp;Renuka Devi Arumugam,&nbsp;Srikanth Srirama,&nbsp;Arya Rahul ,&nbsp;Manju Rahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eliminating <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> malaria in India’s tribal regions is challenging, mainly due to poor adherence to primaquine, the only hypnozoiticidal drug for radical cure under national policy. Incomplete adherence to the 14-day primaquine regimen leads to relapse, treatment failure, ongoing transmission, and may contribute to antimalarial resistance. This study quantified primaquine adherence, and explored behavioral factors influencing non-adherence in high-burden tribal districts of Odisha.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study conducted from January to December 2024 in two high-burden tribal districts (Malkangiri, Koraput) enrolled 269 laboratory-confirmed <em>P. vivax</em> patients aged over one year. Structured questionnaires collected demographic, clinical, and treatment data. Adherence to the 14-day primaquine regimen was assessed on days 7 and 14 via self-report, pill counts, and blister pack inspection. Uni- and multivariable analyses identified predictors of non-adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adherence to chloroquine (3 days) and artesunate–SP (mixed infections) exceeded 93 %, while only 58.7 % (95 % CI: 52.6–64.9) completed the 14-day primaquine course. Healthcare workers dispensed drugs according to guidelines. Treatment discontinuation was mainly due to symptom resolution (61.9 %) and forgetfulness (21.4 %); only one patient discontinued primaquine due to an adverse event. Older age and household malaria history were associated with better adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Suboptimal primaquine adherence delays <em>P. vivax</em> elimination despite adequate drug supply and correct dosing. Addressing behavioral drivers of early treatment cessation is critical to interrupt relapse transmission. Programmatic focus should include intensified social behavior change communication, targeted directly observed therapy, and evaluation of shorter primaquine or single-dose tafenoquine treatments with G6PD testing to enhance radical cure and accelerate India’s 2030 malaria elimination goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetic diversity of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Anyue Xia ,&nbsp;Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yu ,&nbsp;Sijuan Ding ,&nbsp;Dongfang Feng ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Maoshi Li ,&nbsp;Shangshi Li ,&nbsp;Li Shi ,&nbsp;Huan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of drug resistance in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB) isolates from the Tibetan Plateau, elucidate the molecular epidemiological profile of tuberculosis (TB) in this high-altitude region, and offer a molecular basis to guide improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 169 clinical MTB isolates were collected from the General Hospital of Xizang Military Command between January 2024 and April 2025. Drug resistance-associated mutations were identified via targeted gene sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 169 isolates, the overall rate of genotypic resistance was 20.71 %, comprising mono-resistance (14.79 %), poly-resistance (1.78 %), and multidrug-resistance (MDR, 4.14 %). Retreated patients exhibited a higher resistance rate than newly treated cases (26.09 % vs. 14.29 %), with MDR exclusively identified in the retreatment group. Resistance to streptomycin was most prevalent (8.28 %), followed by isoniazid (7.69 %) and rifampicin (7.10 %). The predominant mutations observed were <em>rpsL</em> K43R and <em>katG</em> S315T. No mutations conferring resistance to second-line drugs were detected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The substantial burden of drug-resistant TB on the Tibetan Plateau—particularly streptomycin resistance—underscores the critical need for implementing precision diagnostics and optimizing therapeutic regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Paper Award “Journal of Infection and Public Health” – 2025 Edition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical trends in pediatric dengue: A six-year retrospective hospital-based study on pre-vs pandemic patterns in Puducherry, India","authors":"Arya Rahul ,&nbsp;Gnanasekaran Vijayalaksmi ,&nbsp;Balakrishnan Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;R. Amala ,&nbsp;B.V. Balachandar ,&nbsp;Thekkumkara Surendran Anish","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease posing a significant public health challenge across tropical and subtropical regions, including India. While children are particularly vulnerable, age-specific clinical and epidemiological trends remain underexplored, especially in low-and middle-income country settings. This study describes the clinical and epidemiological trends of pediatric dengue in Puducherry from 2017 to 2022 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the disease trends.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted on 632 pediatric patients admitted with dengue fever to a woman and child speciality public sector tertiary care hospital in Puducherry between 2017 and 2022. Data on demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were extracted from inpatient records. Dengue severity was categorized using WHO 2009 criteria. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations and identify risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 632 patients, 54 % showed warning signs of dengue, and 3.5 % progressed to severe dengue. Fever (99.0 %), vomiting(51.3 %), and abdominal pain(37.3 %) were the common symptoms. Children under five years were significantly more likely to present with respiratory symptoms (cough: OR 1.85(1.27–2.70), p = 0.001; rhinitis: OR 1.67(1.13–2.46), p = 0.01), while gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal complaints were more common in the older children. The mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was 5.8 ± 2.8 days, with a significant prolongation in children aged 1–5 years (6.5 ± 3.6 days, p = 0.013). During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), time to diagnosis increased significantly (≥7 days in 27.2 % vs. 15.5 % pre-pandemic, OR 2.03, p &lt; 0.001), although no significant differences in disease severity or demographic characteristics were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights distinct age-related clinical patterns in pediatric dengue, with younger children tending to present more likely with respiratory symptoms and experience a longer time to diagnosis. Strengthening clinical recognition, adapting age-appropriate diagnostic protocols, and promoting early care-seeking are essential for timely detection and response to dengue in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calls for papers: Antimicrobial resistance and one health: interdisciplinary strategies to address a global challenge – Virtual special issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of dengue fever risk in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A systematic review","authors":"Muhammad Umar ,&nbsp;Sobia Asghar ,&nbsp;Sumaira Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue fever is endemic in Laos, and changing land use and land cover (LULC), along with climate, are increasing the risk of dengue fever. While climate–dengue associations are well understood, the impacts of LULC remain uncertain and understudied. This review reports that, along with climate, LULCs such as urban/built-up areas, rubber plantations, and wetlands (marsh, swamp, and paddy fields) could increase DF risk by providing suitable habitats for its vector. Agricultural transformation from crops to plantations or forests to plantations is causing an amplified proliferation of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> in rural and peri-urban areas. Socioeconomic determinants, including water availability, sanitation and hygiene, housing materials, and poverty, also significantly impact DF. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices studies indicating awareness of DF and vector control methods among selected population during training programs. Understanding how climate, LULC, and socioeconomic factors interact is essential for designing effective, context-specific strategies to control dengue in Laos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and bacteriological characterization of colistin and carbapenem-resistant nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different Iraqi hospitals","authors":"Dhuha A. Abbas ,&nbsp;Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili ,&nbsp;Mohammed J. Alfeehan","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colistin- and carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii</em> pose a global health threat in healthcare settings due to difficult-to-treat infections. This study investigates their prevalence, resistance mechanisms, and the role of biofilm formation in persistence and pathogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 335 clinical specimens, specifically isolates of <em>A. baumannii</em>, during the period from December to July 2025. Bacteriological investigation was confirmed using the automated Vitek 2 compact system, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the AST 419 card, in accordance with the CLSI 2025 guidelines. Biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method. PCR detection for carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes (<em>bla</em>_<em>NDM</em><em>, bla</em>_{<em>NDM-1</em>}<em>, bla</em>_<em>VIM</em><em>, bla</em>_<em>IMP</em><em>, bla</em>_{<em>OXA-48</em>}<em>)</em> and (<em>mcr-1</em>, <em>mcr-5</em>, <em>pmrA</em>, and <em>pmrB</em>), respectively, has been done.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 335 clinical study specimens were analyzed, with 222 (66.2 %) representing bacterial growth. Of these, 64 (28.8 %) were well bacteriologically identified as <em>A. baumannii</em>. Out of these isolates, 50 were multidrug resistant, classified into 31 (62 %) as extensively drug resistant (XDR) and 19 (38 %) as Pan-drug resistant. Biofilm formation was distributed as strong biofilm formation in sputum (31.2 %), wound swabs (25 %), urine (7.1 %), and vaginal swabs (100 %). Molecular analysis revealed that <em>bla</em>_{<em>NDM-1</em>} (18 %) was the most common carbapenemase-resistant gene, followed by <em>blaVIM</em> (16 %), <em>bla</em>_{<em>IMP-1</em>} (12 %), <em>bla</em>_<em>NDM</em> (4 %), and <em>bla</em>_{<em>OXA-48</em>} <em>(2 %)</em>. For colistin resistance, <em>pmrB (</em>54 %) and <em>pmrA</em> (40 %) were predominant, while <em>mcr-1</em> was (4 %). Notably, <em>mcr-5</em> was not detected in all colistin-resistant genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates were extensively drug-resistant or pan-drug-resistant and exhibited variable biofilm formation, likely enhancing persistence in hospital environments. High prevalence of <em>bla</em>_{<em>NDM-1</em>} and <em>bla</em>_<em>VIM</em> carbapenem resistance genes, along with <em>pmrB</em> and <em>pmrA</em> colistin resistance genes, complicates treatment and diagnostics. Prompt detection, effective infection control, and continuous surveillance are urgently needed to limit the spread of these highly resistant strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prediction of immunological non-responders in people living with HIV using machine learning: Model development and validation in multicenter cohorts in China","authors":"Rui Sun ,&nbsp;Binyu Gao ,&nbsp;Hanxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Lijun Sun ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yu ,&nbsp;Honglei Liu ,&nbsp;Fujie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), 10–40 % of people living with HIV (PLWH) fail to normalize CD4⁺ T cells, known as immune non-responders (INR), associated with poor clinical outcomes. Due to the complex pathogenesis and the absence of effective treatments, early prediction and intervention of INR are critical. With the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in machine learning (ML), developing an interpretable ML model to identify individuals at high risk of INR can facilitate personalized treatment strategies and improve clinical management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study was conducted from a long-term multicenter cohort involving 30938 PLWH attending three hospitals from January 2003 to December 2023. Seven ML algorithms were employed to construct prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), precision–recall curves, calibration plots, clinical impact curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate and identify the optimal model. We evaluated the final model using internal cross-validation and validated it in an external cohort. The Python-based Streamlit framework was applied to develop a web platform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11287 PLWH, including 1325 (11.74 %) INR, were analyzed in the derivation cohort. Twenty baseline clinical indicators of PLWH were used to construct ML models. After feature reduction and comparative evaluation, the 9-feature RF model demonstrated strong discrimination (AUC = 0.864), superior calibration, and favorable clinical utility, outperforming the traditional model (AUC = 0.856) and other models. The model performance was also confirmed in internal validation (mean AUC = 0.884 ± 0.003) and the external validation (AUC = 0.855).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, an interpretable ML model with nine baseline clinical indicators was constructed for early INR prediction in ART-naïve PLWH and was incorporated into a convenient web platform to facilitate individualized treatment and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal transplantation strategies for Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shangyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Leying Wang ,&nbsp;Zijun Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Wei,&nbsp;Kai Cao,&nbsp;Qingfeng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acanthamoeba</em> keratitis (AK) is an uncommon yet vision-threatening corneal infection, and the lack of an international consensus on its surgical management often complicates clinical decision-making. To address this gap, a comprehensive literature review was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to July 1, 2025, focusing on clinical studies that reported outcomes of keratoplasty. The analysis included 24 studies encompassing 487 eyes and compared different keratoplasty techniques, specifically therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), optical penetrating keratoplasty (OPK), and therapeutic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (TDALK). The data indicated that <em>Acanthamoeba</em> infection control sufficient to permit OPK was associated with the most favorable results. In eyes with infection confined to the anterior stroma and thus eligible for TDALK, graft survival was higher and postoperative complications were fewer. In cases with persistent full-thickness infection, TPK was required and was associated with poorer visual recovery and higher rates of graft failure, recurrent infection, and regrafting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peritoneal tuberculosis impersonating ovarian malignancy: A case series from a high tuberculosis burden country","authors":"S.A. Susilo,&nbsp;A.B. Harsono,&nbsp;G.N.A. Winarno,&nbsp;S. Salima,&nbsp;K.I. Mantilidewi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is abdominal tuberculosis (TB). Due to its vague symptoms, abdominal TB remains difficult to diagnose. We report three cases of peritoneal TB with abdominal enlargement in Bandung, Indonesia, which were initially misdiagnosed as ovarian carcinoma and treated with biopsy and laparotomy. To avoid unnecessary invasive procedures that pose risks to patients, we assess the need for a diagnostic strategy to differentiate between ovarian cancer and abdominal TB based on our experiences and existing literature. Peritoneal TB closely mimics ovarian cancer in clinical presentation, imaging findings, and tumor marker profiles. Elevated CA-125 and ascitic fluid analysis may mislead clinicians, especially in resource-limited settings. To prevent misdiagnosis, careful diagnostic procedures should be undertaken.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"19 3","pages":"Article 103113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}