Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102746
Nadine Glaser , Sophie Diexer , Bianca Klee , Janka Massag , Laura R. Pfrommer , Oliver Purschke , Mascha Binder , Thomas Frese , Matthias Girndt , Jessica I. Hoell , Irene Moor , Jonas Rosendahl , Michael Gekle , Daniel Sedding , Cornelia Gottschick , Rafael Mikolajczyk
Objectives
Protection against severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination or infection was extensively studied. It is unknown whether this effect also translates into shortened duration of mild infections. We assessed the duration of symptoms depending on vaccination status and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections among individuals with a mild course of infection.
Methods
For two post-pandemic winters (2022/2023 and 2023/2024), in total 13,615 participants of the German DigiHero study reported their SARS-CoV-2 infections from September to March. Via negative binomial regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we studied the association of infection duration (days with symptoms and in bed) with number of vaccinations, prior SARS-CoV-2 infections, and time since last vaccination/and infection.
Results
We noted no major differences in infection duration depending on the number of vaccinations and time since last infection for short mild infections (≤21 days with symptoms). Per 6 months since the last vaccination, symptom duration and days spent in bed increased by 2 % and 4 %. The risk of long mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (>21 days with symptoms) was higher for individuals with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Odds Ratio: 1.98; 95 % confidence interval [1.43; 2.76]), but not for vaccinations (OR: 0.98; 95 % CI [0.74; 1.33]).
Conclusions
There was no indication of reduced duration of symptoms during short mild infections depending on the number of vaccinations and time since the last SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. A prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was protective against prolonged disease in mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.
{"title":"Duration of mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron depending on previous vaccinations and infections – Using data of the German DigiHero cohort study from post-pandemic winters 2022/2023 and 2023/2024","authors":"Nadine Glaser , Sophie Diexer , Bianca Klee , Janka Massag , Laura R. Pfrommer , Oliver Purschke , Mascha Binder , Thomas Frese , Matthias Girndt , Jessica I. Hoell , Irene Moor , Jonas Rosendahl , Michael Gekle , Daniel Sedding , Cornelia Gottschick , Rafael Mikolajczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Protection against severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination or infection was extensively studied. It is unknown whether this effect also translates into shortened duration of mild infections. We assessed the duration of symptoms depending on vaccination status and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections among individuals with a mild course of infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For two post-pandemic winters (2022/2023 and 2023/2024), in total 13,615 participants of the German DigiHero study reported their SARS-CoV-2 infections from September to March. Via negative binomial regression adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we studied the association of infection duration (days with symptoms and in bed) with number of vaccinations, prior SARS-CoV-2 infections, and time since last vaccination/and infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We noted no major differences in infection duration depending on the number of vaccinations and time since last infection for short mild infections (≤21 days with symptoms). Per 6 months since the last vaccination, symptom duration and days spent in bed increased by 2 % and 4 %. The risk of long mild SARS-CoV-2 infections (>21 days with symptoms) was higher for individuals with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Odds Ratio: 1.98; 95 % confidence interval [1.43; 2.76]), but not for vaccinations (OR: 0.98; 95 % CI [0.74; 1.33]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was no indication of reduced duration of symptoms during short mild infections depending on the number of vaccinations and time since the last SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection. A prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was protective against prolonged disease in mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102740
Ye Qiu , Zheng-tu Li , Shi-xiong Yang , Wu-shu Chen , Yong Zhang , Qun-yu Kong , Ling-rui Chen , Jie Huang , Lü Lin , Kan Xie , Wen Zeng , Shao-qiang Li , Yang-qing Zhan , Yan Wang , Jian-quan Zhang , Feng Ye
Background
Talaromyces marneffei is an emerging pathogen, and the number of infections in HIV-negative individuals is increasing. In HIV-negative individuals, talaromycosis is usually misdiagnosed as another disease, especially tuberculosis (TB).
Methods
We retrospectively extracted the clinical data of HIV-negative patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection from 2018 to 2023, analyzed the differences between TB patients and talaromycosis patients and attempted to establish differential diagnosis models utilizing clinical prediction models for these two diseases.
Results
Overall, 718 patients, including 137 patients with talaromycosis and 581 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), were enrolled in this study. According to the multivariate analysis, age > 65 years, expectoration, and PLT count were independent predictors for TB. Fever, chest pain, gasping, rash, lymphadenectasis, osteolysis, Neu count, EOS count, and ALB were independent predictors for talaromycosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the training set showed that the area under the curve (AUC) (95 % CI) of the clinical differential model based on logistic regression analysis was 0.918 (0.884–0.953). The model was verified in the validation set. ROC curve analysis of the validation set showed that the AUC (95 % CI) was 0.900 (0.841–0.959).
Conclusion
These new differential diagnosis models can calculate the probability of either talaromycosis or tuberculosis.
{"title":"Early differential diagnosis models of Talaromycosis and Tuberculosis in HIV-negative hosts using clinical data and machine learning","authors":"Ye Qiu , Zheng-tu Li , Shi-xiong Yang , Wu-shu Chen , Yong Zhang , Qun-yu Kong , Ling-rui Chen , Jie Huang , Lü Lin , Kan Xie , Wen Zeng , Shao-qiang Li , Yang-qing Zhan , Yan Wang , Jian-quan Zhang , Feng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> is an emerging pathogen, and the number of infections in HIV-negative individuals is increasing. In HIV-negative individuals, talaromycosis is usually misdiagnosed as another disease, especially tuberculosis (TB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively extracted the clinical data of HIV-negative patients with <em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> infection from 2018 to 2023, analyzed the differences between TB patients and talaromycosis patients and attempted to establish differential diagnosis models utilizing clinical prediction models for these two diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 718 patients, including 137 patients with talaromycosis and 581 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), were enrolled in this study. According to the multivariate analysis, age > 65 years, expectoration, and PLT count were independent predictors for TB. Fever, chest pain, gasping, rash, lymphadenectasis, osteolysis, Neu count, EOS count, and ALB were independent predictors for talaromycosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the training set showed that the area under the curve (AUC) (95 % CI) of the clinical differential model based on logistic regression analysis was 0.918 (0.884–0.953). The model was verified in the validation set. ROC curve analysis of the validation set showed that the AUC (95 % CI) was 0.900 (0.841–0.959).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These new differential diagnosis models can calculate the probability of either talaromycosis or tuberculosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102745
Nada M. Melhem , Mirna Bou Hamdan
On October 6, 2022, the WHO declared the start of a cholera outbreak in Lebanon, the first cholera outbreak since 1993. The aim of this review is to advance the evolution of the cholera epidemic in Lebanon and its underlying risk factors. Early during the outbreak, the majority of confirmed cases were reported among displaced Syrian refugees living in suboptimal conditions; however, three weeks following the former, cholera spread nationwide. This spread was exacerbated by the decline in water treatment investments, lack of electric supply in water treatment plants and collapsing healthcare and economic infrastructures. Addressing the structural root causes is urgently needed in order to mitigate the re-emergence of cholera and other infectious diseases spreading among vulnerable populations and thus threatening national and regional health security.
{"title":"Cholera in Lebanon: A new epidemic in an on-going endemic of weak infrastructure","authors":"Nada M. Melhem , Mirna Bou Hamdan","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On October 6, 2022, the WHO declared the start of a cholera outbreak in Lebanon, the first cholera outbreak since 1993. The aim of this review is to advance the evolution of the cholera epidemic in Lebanon and its underlying risk factors. Early during the outbreak, the majority of confirmed cases were reported among displaced Syrian refugees living in suboptimal conditions; however, three weeks following the former, cholera spread nationwide. This spread was exacerbated by the decline in water treatment investments, lack of electric supply in water treatment plants and collapsing healthcare and economic infrastructures. Addressing the structural root causes is urgently needed in order to mitigate the re-emergence of cholera and other infectious diseases spreading among vulnerable populations and thus threatening national and regional health security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102747
Sama Yektay , Rasoul Alimi , Fahimeh Attarian , Hadi Alizadeh Siuki , Mahdi Gholian Aval , Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
Background
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis and its affecting factors in Khorasan Razavi province, an endemic region in north-eastern Iran.
Methods
In this descriptive-analytical study, the data of 15,334 brucellosis cases in Khorasan Razavi province from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) were conducted to assess the demographic factors and spatial modeling of the study population. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for intergroup comparisons. A latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) in R programming language (poLCA) was employed to identify clusters and better understand the factors affecting the disease.
Results
The results indicated that most of the brucellosis cases had been registered from 2020 to 2022 (26.5 %, 21.4 %, and 14.5 % of the total cases). The average incidence rate of brucellosis during the study period was 33.57 cases per 100,000 population. Over 84 % of the cases in clusters 1 and 3 (60.4 % of the whole study population) were males who often lived in rural areas. Only 29.3 % of the patients had a job related to livestock. These findings are consistent with the data on the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and the history of animal vaccination.
Conclusion
Brucellosis cannot be significantly controlled by merely focusing on people working in the livestock industry, highlighting the impact of herd vaccination, and promoting public awareness, especially among housewives and younger people. Meanwhile, proper handling and disposal of infected animals, regular quarantine and inspection of livestock, and sanitization of animal environments have been recommended.
{"title":"Brucellosis and associated risk factors, spatial distribution and cluster analysis: Case study in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran","authors":"Sama Yektay , Rasoul Alimi , Fahimeh Attarian , Hadi Alizadeh Siuki , Mahdi Gholian Aval , Abdolmajid Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis and its affecting factors in Khorasan Razavi province, an endemic region in north-eastern Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this descriptive-analytical study, the data of 15,334 brucellosis cases in Khorasan Razavi province from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) were conducted to assess the demographic factors and spatial modeling of the study population. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for intergroup comparisons. A latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) in R programming language (poLCA) was employed to identify clusters and better understand the factors affecting the disease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated that most of the brucellosis cases had been registered from 2020 to 2022 (26.5 %, 21.4 %, and 14.5 % of the total cases). The average incidence rate of brucellosis during the study period was 33.57 cases per 100,000 population. Over 84 % of the cases in clusters 1 and 3 (60.4 % of the whole study population) were males who often lived in rural areas. Only 29.3 % of the patients had a job related to livestock. These findings are consistent with the data on the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and the history of animal vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Brucellosis cannot be significantly controlled by merely focusing on people working in the livestock industry, highlighting the impact of herd vaccination, and promoting public awareness, especially among housewives and younger people. Meanwhile, proper handling and disposal of infected animals, regular quarantine and inspection of livestock, and sanitization of animal environments have been recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102744
Nishant N. Vaikath , Maryam Ali Al-Nesf , Nour Majbour , Houari B. Abdesselem , Vijay Gupta , Ilham Bensmail , Ilham Y. Abdi , Khalifa Ahmed Elmagarmid , Shadah Shabani , Indulekha P. Sudhakaran , Simona S. Ghanem , Mohammed Al-Maadheed , Vidya Mohamed-Ali , Jonathan M. Blackburn , Julie Decock , Omar M.A. El-Agnaf
Background
Serological assays targeting antibodies against key viral proteins, including the Spike (S1), Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), and Nucleocapsid, play a critical role in understanding immunity and supporting diagnostic efforts during COVID-19 pandemic, and afterward. This study aimed to develop and validate in-house assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and urine.
Methods
ELISA-based assay was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The assay was examined in serum and urine samples of two different cohort of patients affected by COVID-19 disease with different severity and compared to age and sex matched control group. Neutralizing antibody activity was evaluated using an RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition assay. Additionally, a Sengenics protein microarray platform was employed to assess epitope-specific antibody responses.
Results
The in-house ELISA assay reliably detected antibodies in both 163 serum and 64 urine samples compared to 50 serum samples from healthy control, with strong correlations observed between antibody levels in the two biofluids. Neutralizing antibody levels correlated positively with disease severity, highlighting their clinical relevance. The performance of the in-house assays was comparable to commercial kits, and the Sengenics microarray provided detailed insights into antibody profiles, identifying dominant epitopes within the Nucleocapsid core domain and RBD.
Conclusions
The developed in-house assay demonstrated robust performance and versatility, offering a cost-effective and scalable alternative to commercial kits. Their ability to detect antibodies in both serum and urine highlighted their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. These findings contribute to advancing sero-diagnostic capabilities, improving understanding of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, and supporting global efforts to monitor and manage COVID-19 effectively.
{"title":"In-house assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and urine: Correlation with COVID-19 severity from a cohort study in Qatar","authors":"Nishant N. Vaikath , Maryam Ali Al-Nesf , Nour Majbour , Houari B. Abdesselem , Vijay Gupta , Ilham Bensmail , Ilham Y. Abdi , Khalifa Ahmed Elmagarmid , Shadah Shabani , Indulekha P. Sudhakaran , Simona S. Ghanem , Mohammed Al-Maadheed , Vidya Mohamed-Ali , Jonathan M. Blackburn , Julie Decock , Omar M.A. El-Agnaf","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Serological assays targeting antibodies against key viral proteins, including the Spike (S1), Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), and Nucleocapsid, play a critical role in understanding immunity and supporting diagnostic efforts during COVID-19 pandemic, and afterward. This study aimed to develop and validate in-house assays for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and urine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>ELISA-based assay was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The assay was examined in serum and urine samples of two different cohort of patients affected by COVID-19 disease with different severity and compared to age and sex matched control group. Neutralizing antibody activity was evaluated using an RBD-ACE2 binding inhibition assay. Additionally, a Sengenics protein microarray platform was employed to assess epitope-specific antibody responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The in-house ELISA assay reliably detected antibodies in both 163 serum and 64 urine samples compared to 50 serum samples from healthy control, with strong correlations observed between antibody levels in the two biofluids. Neutralizing antibody levels correlated positively with disease severity, highlighting their clinical relevance. The performance of the in-house assays was comparable to commercial kits, and the Sengenics microarray provided detailed insights into antibody profiles, identifying dominant epitopes within the Nucleocapsid core domain and RBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The developed in-house assay demonstrated robust performance and versatility, offering a cost-effective and scalable alternative to commercial kits. Their ability to detect antibodies in both serum and urine highlighted their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. These findings contribute to advancing sero-diagnostic capabilities, improving understanding of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, and supporting global efforts to monitor and manage COVID-19 effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium riyadhense is a newly discovered, slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium with an emerging global distribution. We report a case of multifocal osteolytic lesions as the first sign of infection in a previously healthy 39-year-old female. M. riyadhense was detected in this case using next-generation metagenomic sequencing after it failed to be identified with conventional methods. The patient received 12 months of therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, with the addition of moxifloxacin and clarithromycin in the first four months, and had a full return to health with no detectable disease at the last follow-up.
{"title":"Multifocal osteolytic lesions as an initial presentation of mycobacterium riyadhense: Case report and literature review","authors":"Hassan Almarhabi , Abdulmajeed Sarhan , Aisha Alharbi , Abdulfatah Al-Amri , Mohamed Firoze Ahamed , Sharif Hala","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycobacterium riyadhense</em> is a newly discovered, slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium with an emerging global distribution. We report a case of multifocal osteolytic lesions as the first sign of infection in a previously healthy 39-year-old female. <em>M. riyadhense</em> was detected in this case using next-generation metagenomic sequencing after it failed to be identified with conventional methods. The patient received 12 months of therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, with the addition of moxifloxacin and clarithromycin in the first four months, and had a full return to health with no detectable disease at the last follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102737
Meihui Zhang , Yuxuan Wang , Yinghuan Zhang , Ying Wang , Jianyu Chen , Gang Xu , Jiechen Zhang , Fan Hu , Yong Cai
Background
A marked increase in mpox cases was observed in May 2022 in previously non-endemic regions. The men who have sex with men (MSM) population exhibited a disproportionately higher rate of infection.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the coexistence of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their association with mpox among MSM, with validatiton conducted through a case-control study utilizing propensity score matching (PSM).
Methods
A total of 2403 eligible MSM participants were recruited for a cross-sectional study conducted across six geographically representative regions of China from October 2023 to March 2024. Data were collected via an anonymous online questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between status of HIV infection and other STIs and risk of mpox. Validatiton was conducted through a case-control study employing PSM.
Results
Among the total 2403 participants, 56 (2.33 %) reported diagnosis of mpox. Taking participants negative for both HIV infection and other STIs (group 1) as reference, the adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) (p value) for mpox were 2.00 (0.60–6.65) (p = 0.256), 6.26 (2.97–13.16) (p < 0.001), and 8.72 (3.45–22.00) (p < 0.001) for those who were only positive for HIV infection (group 2), only positive for other STIs (group 3) and positive for both (group 4), respectively. In the case-control study, 53 participants from the mpox group were matched to 149 participants from the non-infection group at a ratio of 1:3. The positive association between status of HIV infection and other STIs and mpox persisted, with adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) (p value) of 1.53 (0.38–6.11) (p = 0.547), 7.01 (3.00–16.38) (p < 0.001), and 6.20 (2.21–17.43) (p < 0.001) for group 2 to group 4, respectively.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a significant association between other STIs and the risk of mpox among MSM. HIV infection alone didn’t significantly increase the risk of mpox, while other STIs were found to be strong and robust risk factors for mpox.
{"title":"Association of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections or their coexistence with mpox among men who have sex with men: A national questionnaire-based study in China using propensity score matching","authors":"Meihui Zhang , Yuxuan Wang , Yinghuan Zhang , Ying Wang , Jianyu Chen , Gang Xu , Jiechen Zhang , Fan Hu , Yong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A marked increase in mpox cases was observed in May 2022 in previously non-endemic regions. The men who have sex with men (MSM) population exhibited a disproportionately higher rate of infection.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the coexistence of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their association with mpox among MSM, with validatiton conducted through a case-control study utilizing propensity score matching (PSM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 2403 eligible MSM participants were recruited for a cross-sectional study conducted across six geographically representative regions of China from October 2023 to March 2024. Data were collected via an anonymous online questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between status of HIV infection and other STIs and risk of mpox. Validatiton was conducted through a case-control study employing PSM.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the total 2403 participants, 56 (2.33 %) reported diagnosis of mpox. Taking participants negative for both HIV infection and other STIs (group 1) as reference, the adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) (p value) for mpox were 2.00 (0.60–6.65) (p = 0.256), 6.26 (2.97–13.16) (p < 0.001), and 8.72 (3.45–22.00) (p < 0.001) for those who were only positive for HIV infection (group 2), only positive for other STIs (group 3) and positive for both (group 4), respectively. In the case-control study, 53 participants from the mpox group were matched to 149 participants from the non-infection group at a ratio of 1:3. The positive association between status of HIV infection and other STIs and mpox persisted, with adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) (p value) of 1.53 (0.38–6.11) (p = 0.547), 7.01 (3.00–16.38) (p < 0.001), and 6.20 (2.21–17.43) (p < 0.001) for group 2 to group 4, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated a significant association between other STIs and the risk of mpox among MSM. HIV infection alone didn’t significantly increase the risk of mpox, while other STIs were found to be strong and robust risk factors for mpox.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102739
Satoshi Nishida , Yasuo Ono
Background
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA) has rapidly increased and is linked to severe nosocomial infections. MDRA outbreaks in a Japanese hospital were analysed using whole-genome sequencing.
Methods
Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on clinical isolates from hospitalised patients before and during the 2009 and 2010 outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to identify acquired antibiotic-resistance genes and genetic mutations.
Results
Clinical A. baumannii isolates were resistant to β-lactams (broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems), aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDRA isolates harboured aac(6′)-Ib-cr, abaF, armA, blaADC-30, blaTEM-1, and blaOXA-82, or both blaOXA-66 and blaOXA-23, catB8, mphE, msrE, and tet(B). blaOXA-82 genes were recombinationally multiplied. Quinolone resistance was also associated with gyrA S81L and parC S84L mutations. The MDRA isolates belonged to Oxford sequence type (ST) 208 and Pasteur ST2. Three of the 15 isolates developed an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, and two isolates harboured an adeS mutation.
Conclusions
We identified molecular resistance markers in three XDR and one MDR isolate and provided a genomic description of resistance and virulence, as well as the origins of the isolates. The isolates are closely related to MDRA Oxford ST208 and Pasteur ST2, identified in Asia and Australia. MDRA isolates are of concern in both hospital and community settings in the Western Pacific region.
{"title":"Genomic plasticity of extensively drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST208 isolates from a fatal outbreak","authors":"Satoshi Nishida , Yasuo Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (MDRA) has rapidly increased and is linked to severe nosocomial infections. MDRA outbreaks in a Japanese hospital were analysed using whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on clinical isolates from hospitalised patients before and during the 2009 and 2010 outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to identify acquired antibiotic-resistance genes and genetic mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinical <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates were resistant to β-lactams (broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems), aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDRA isolates harboured <em>aac(6′)-Ib-cr</em>, <em>abaF</em>, <em>armA</em>, <em>bla</em><sub>ADC-30</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1</sub>, and <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-82</sub>, or both <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-66</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-23</sub>, <em>catB8</em>, <em>mphE</em>, <em>msrE</em>, and <em>tet(B)</em>. <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-82</sub> genes were recombinationally multiplied. Quinolone resistance was also associated with <em>gyrA</em> S81L and <em>parC</em> S84L mutations. The MDRA isolates belonged to Oxford sequence type (ST) 208 and Pasteur ST2. Three of the 15 isolates developed an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, and two isolates harboured an <em>adeS</em> mutation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified molecular resistance markers in three XDR and one MDR isolate and provided a genomic description of resistance and virulence, as well as the origins of the isolates. The isolates are closely related to MDRA Oxford ST208 and Pasteur ST2, identified in Asia and Australia. MDRA isolates are of concern in both hospital and community settings in the Western Pacific region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 5","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102738
Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
Diseases affecting livestock can have ripple effects on surrounding ecosystems, especially by contaminating water sources. Their occurrence poses significant public health issues, especially in areas such as the Eastern Cape province in South Africa, susceptible to climatic variations and where people and animals often share water sources, increasing the risk of transmission of waterborne zoonoses. Waterborne zoonoses are infectious diseases caused by zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic helminths transmitted from animals through the aquatic environment to humans and vice versa. Tracking zoonoses in livestock is an early indicator of potential contamination of water sources used by animals and humans. This study analysed trends in prevalence of water-transmissible bacterial zoonoses over ten years, identifying the most frequently recorded zoonoses, their geographical distribution, and determining the animal species most commonly associated with these diseases. Bacterial zoonoses remain a global threat due to their potential for re-emergence, antimicrobial resistance, and economic impact. This study employed monthly reports on livestock disease from the Ruminant Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA) website. The data was aggregated by month and scale of importance to summarise the trend in scale of importance over time. Following this, the specific diseases frequently, with more than 10 cases reported monthly, were explored. The findings from this study reveal a notable rise in cases of zoonoses in animals, particularly colibacillosis, across several regions in Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as Alexandria, Graaff-Reinet, and Jeffreys Bay. Cattle had the highest prevalence of all three diseases—brucellosis, colibacillosis, and salmonellosis—emphasising their role as key reservoirs, compared to sheep, cattle and goats. The findings of this study provide critical understanding, such as zoonoses posing the highest risk, local hotspots for disease transmission, and the animal's reservoirs that will potentially and significantly contaminate shared water sources by their presence near water. Analysing trends in animal diseases that can impact water quality and pose risks for zoonosis transmission, spread and outbreak is the needed holistic outlook recognising that regress in animal health can have broader environmental and public health implications, which is in line with the One Health principle that considers the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health systems.
{"title":"Trends and geographic distribution of bacterial zoonoses in veterinary cases in the Eastern Cape: A ten-year retrospective analysis","authors":"Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Oghenekaro Nelson Odume","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diseases affecting livestock can have ripple effects on surrounding ecosystems, especially by contaminating water sources. Their occurrence poses significant public health issues, especially in areas such as the Eastern Cape province in South Africa, susceptible to climatic variations and where people and animals often share water sources, increasing the risk of transmission of waterborne zoonoses. Waterborne zoonoses are infectious diseases caused by zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic helminths transmitted from animals through the aquatic environment to humans and vice versa. Tracking zoonoses in livestock is an early indicator of potential contamination of water sources used by animals and humans. This study analysed trends in prevalence of water-transmissible bacterial zoonoses over ten years, identifying the most frequently recorded zoonoses, their geographical distribution, and determining the animal species most commonly associated with these diseases. Bacterial zoonoses remain a global threat due to their potential for re-emergence, antimicrobial resistance, and economic impact. This study employed monthly reports on livestock disease from the Ruminant Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA) website. The data was aggregated by month and scale of importance to summarise the trend in scale of importance over time. Following this, the specific diseases frequently, with more than 10 cases reported monthly, were explored. The findings from this study reveal a notable rise in cases of zoonoses in animals, particularly colibacillosis, across several regions in Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as Alexandria, Graaff-Reinet, and Jeffreys Bay. Cattle had the highest prevalence of all three diseases—brucellosis, colibacillosis, and salmonellosis—emphasising their role as key reservoirs, compared to sheep, cattle and goats. The findings of this study provide critical understanding, such as zoonoses posing the highest risk, local hotspots for disease transmission, and the animal's reservoirs that will potentially and significantly contaminate shared water sources by their presence near water. Analysing trends in animal diseases that can impact water quality and pose risks for zoonosis transmission, spread and outbreak is the needed holistic outlook recognising that regress in animal health can have broader environmental and public health implications, which is in line with the One Health principle that considers the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite evidence showing changes in disease severity with the virus's evolution and vaccination efforts, the link between maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 infections during different pregnancy trimesters remains unclear, especially with the BA.5 and BF.7 Omicron subvariant surge in China in December 2022. This study investigates the correlation between maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 infection across various pregnancy trimesters.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted at two hospitals in southwest China, examining the clinical records and infection status of 2158 pregnant women registered between January 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023. Initially shielded from COVID-19, the population later experienced a significant infection surge. A comparative analysis evaluated maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes between infected and uninfected subjects. Primary outcomes included pregnancy complications and premature births, while secondary outcomes encompassed cesarean sections, delivery complications, and neonatal outcomes.
Results
Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 had higher incidence of placenta increta/percreta and postpartum hemorrhage compared to uninfected women. First trimester infections were associated with a lower incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy [aOR = 0.29, 95 % CI 0.13–0.63] but a higher incidence of preterm birth [aOR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.25–3.71]. Third trimester infections increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [aOR = 2.74, 95 % CI 1.21–6.18].
Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is linked to increased incidence of placenta increta/percreta and postpartum hemorrhage. First trimester infections are associated with higher incidence of premature birth and lower incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, while third trimester infections are linked to higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.
{"title":"Postpartum hemorrhage emerges as a key outcome of maternal SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection surge across pregnancy trimesters","authors":"Zhou Xu , Er-Han Li , Jia Liu , Yong-Jia Zhang , Rui Xiao , Xin-Zhen Chen , Zhao-Hui Zhong , Xiao-Jun Tang , Li-Juan Fu , Hua Zhang , Mei-Hua Bao , Hong-Bo Qi , Gong-Li Chen , Yu-Bin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite evidence showing changes in disease severity with the virus's evolution and vaccination efforts, the link between maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 infections during different pregnancy trimesters remains unclear, especially with the BA.5 and BF.7 Omicron subvariant surge in China in December 2022. This study investigates the correlation between maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 infection across various pregnancy trimesters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study was conducted at two hospitals in southwest China, examining the clinical records and infection status of 2158 pregnant women registered between January 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023. Initially shielded from COVID-19, the population later experienced a significant infection surge. A comparative analysis evaluated maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes between infected and uninfected subjects. Primary outcomes included pregnancy complications and premature births, while secondary outcomes encompassed cesarean sections, delivery complications, and neonatal outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 had higher incidence of placenta increta/percreta and postpartum hemorrhage compared to uninfected women. First trimester infections were associated with a lower incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy [aOR = 0.29, 95 % CI 0.13–0.63] but a higher incidence of preterm birth [aOR = 2.16, 95 % CI 1.25–3.71]. Third trimester infections increased the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [aOR = 2.74, 95 % CI 1.21–6.18].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is linked to increased incidence of placenta increta/percreta and postpartum hemorrhage. First trimester infections are associated with higher incidence of premature birth and lower incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, while third trimester infections are linked to higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16087,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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