Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102620
Nozomi Idota, Ryutaro Takazakura, Hiroshi Ikegaya
Airway obstruction by foreign bodies or laryngospasms often results in negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE). NPPE can develop despite the removal of airway obstruction. This is well-known among clinicians, particularly anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, pediatricians, and radiologists. Computed tomography (CT) features of NPPE include diffuse central ground-glass opacities and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles and bronchial walls. NPPE can also occur after strangulation or smothering with a plastic bag, and is sometimes fatal. Nevertheless, no reports of NPPE are available in forensic journals, and forensic practitioners may not be dedicating the necessary attention to this condition. Recently, the use of postmortem CT as an auxiliary imaging modality for autopsies has increased among forensic institutions in Japan. Understanding the mechanisms and CT findings of NPPE will be useful for forensic practitioners. Herein, we present a case wherein the postmortem CT image revealed NPPE resulting from the obstruction of the airway induced by rice cakes.
{"title":"Postmortem computed tomography imaging of negative pressure pulmonary edema induced by rice cakes: A case report","authors":"Nozomi Idota, Ryutaro Takazakura, Hiroshi Ikegaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Airway obstruction by foreign bodies or </span>laryngospasms often results in negative pressure </span>pulmonary edema<span> (NPPE). NPPE can develop despite the removal of airway obstruction. This is well-known among clinicians, particularly anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, pediatricians, and radiologists. Computed tomography (CT) features of NPPE include diffuse central ground-glass opacities and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles and bronchial walls. NPPE can also occur after strangulation or smothering with a plastic bag, and is sometimes fatal. Nevertheless, no reports of NPPE are available in forensic journals, and forensic practitioners may not be dedicating the necessary attention to this condition. Recently, the use of postmortem CT as an auxiliary imaging modality for autopsies has increased among forensic institutions in Japan. Understanding the mechanisms and CT findings of NPPE will be useful for forensic practitioners. Herein, we present a case wherein the postmortem CT image revealed NPPE resulting from the obstruction of the airway induced by rice cakes.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102618
Wangping Zhang , Kaikai Dong , Jing Sun , Zhiwei Huang , Ping Shi
Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is important for forensic pathological autopsy. It has been reported that there is a correlation between certain protein changes in cadavers and PMI. However, no specific protein(s) has been used to determine the PMI so far. In this study, the total protein contents of mouse liver and spleen at different time of death were measured. The data showed that they were negatively correlated with the PMI. The degradation of β-actin was found to be positively correlated with the PMI in the liver. Additionally, proteomic technique was used to study the changes of protein expression related to PMI in the liver of mice. By using Two-dimensional electrophoresis, the expressions of four proteins were found to be significantly decreased and those of other three proteins were unchanged with the increase of PMI. Among the seven proteins, six were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The three altered proteins were SBP2, ENOA, ALDH2 and three unchanged ones were 3HAO, TPIS, CATA, respectively. In the future, those unchanged proteins could be used as internal references to more accurately and reliably infer the time of death by assessing the level of changed proteins.
{"title":"The relationship between postmortem interval and protein changes in mice","authors":"Wangping Zhang , Kaikai Dong , Jing Sun , Zhiwei Huang , Ping Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is important for forensic pathological autopsy. It has been reported that there is a correlation between certain protein changes in cadavers and PMI. However, no specific protein(s) has been used to determine the PMI so far. In this study, the total protein contents of mouse liver and spleen at different time of death were measured. The data showed that they were negatively correlated with the PMI. The degradation of β-actin was found to be positively correlated with the PMI in the liver. Additionally, proteomic technique was used to study the changes of </span>protein expression related to PMI in the liver of mice. By using Two-dimensional </span>electrophoresis<span><span>, the expressions of four proteins were found to be significantly decreased and those of other three proteins were unchanged with the increase of PMI. Among the seven proteins, six were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting<span><span> using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The three altered proteins were SBP2, </span>ENOA, </span></span>ALDH2<span> and three unchanged ones were 3HAO<span><span>, TPIS, </span>CATA, respectively. In the future, those unchanged proteins could be used as internal references to more accurately and reliably infer the time of death by assessing the level of changed proteins.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102613
Daniel Kane , Maeve Eogan
Background
Sexual violence is common in contemporary society and disproportionally affects adolescents. In order to develop effective treatment, awareness and prevention strategies it is vital that we understand the epidemiology of adolescent sexual assault (SA). The aim of this study is to evaluate attendances by female adolescents to the national sexual assault treatment unit (SATU) network in the Republic of Ireland and compare these attendances with adult women accessing the service.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study analysing the attendances of all adolescent female attendances at the 6 SATUs in the Republic of Ireland and comparing them with all adult female attendances between 1/1/2017 and 31/12/2022.
Results
There were 1014 female adolescent attendances and 3951 female adult attendances over the timeframe studied. Adult attenders were more likely to attend within 7-days of the alleged assault compared with adolescent attenders (80.3% V 70.2% OR1.513 CI 1.35-1.697 p < 0.001). When compared with adult attenders, adolescent attenders were significantly more likely to disclose being assaulted outdoors (40.9% V 15.7% OR2.607 CI 2.346-2.898 p < 0.01), during the day (58.4% V 34.4% OR1.673 CI 1.565-1.790 p < 0.01), assaulted by a friend/family member (28.9% V 16% OR 1.812 CI1.603-2.049 p < 0.01) and less likely to have consumed alcohol prior to the incident (45.6% V 25.3% OR1.807 CI 1.653-1.975 p < 0.001). Physical injuries were less likely in adolescent attenders (30% V 35.5% OR0.845 CI 0.758-0.942 p = 0.02).
Conclusion
A comparison of the characteristics of adolescent and adult female sexual assault disclosures identifies differences regarding location of the incident, relationship to perpetrator and prevalence of alcohol consumption. Knowledge of these factors support appropriate tailoring of treatment, prevention and awareness strategies to help modify the impact and reduce the incidence of SA in the vulnerable adolescent cohort.
背景性暴力在当代社会很常见,对青少年的影响尤为严重。为了制定有效的治疗、宣传和预防策略,我们必须了解青少年性侵犯(SA)的流行病学。本研究旨在评估爱尔兰共和国国家性侵犯治疗机构(SATU)网络中女性青少年的就诊情况,并将这些就诊情况与成年女性就诊情况进行比较。研究方法这是一项横断面研究,分析了2017年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间爱尔兰共和国6个性侵犯治疗机构中所有青少年女性的就诊情况,并将其与所有成年女性的就诊情况进行比较。与青少年就诊者相比,成人就诊者更有可能在指控的攻击发生后 7 天内就诊(80.3% V 70.2% OR1.513 CI 1.35-1.697 p <0.001)。与成年求助者相比,青少年求助者披露在户外(40.9% V 15.7% OR2.607 CI 2.346-2.898 p <0.01)、白天(58.4% V 34.4% OR1.673 CI 1.565-1.790 p < 0.01)、被朋友/家人攻击(28.9% V 16% OR 1.812 CI1.603-2.049 p < 0.01)以及在事发前饮酒的可能性较小(45.6% V 25.3% OR1.807 CI 1.653-1.975 p < 0.001)。结论通过比较青少年和成年女性性侵犯披露者的特征,可以发现她们在事件发生地点、与施暴者的关系以及饮酒比例等方面存在差异。对这些因素的了解有助于适当调整治疗、预防和宣传策略,以帮助改变性侵犯对易受伤害的青少年群体的影响并降低其发生率。
{"title":"Female adolescent sexual assault; a national review of 1014 consecutive cases","authors":"Daniel Kane , Maeve Eogan","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sexual violence is common in contemporary society and disproportionally affects adolescents. In order to develop effective treatment, awareness and prevention strategies it is vital that we understand the epidemiology of adolescent sexual assault (SA). The aim of this study is to evaluate attendances by female adolescents to the national sexual assault treatment unit (SATU) network in the Republic of Ireland and compare these attendances with adult women accessing the service.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a cross-sectional study analysing the attendances of all adolescent female attendances at the 6 SATUs in the Republic of Ireland and comparing them with all adult female attendances between 1/1/2017 and 31/12/2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 1014 female adolescent attendances and 3951 female adult attendances over the timeframe studied. Adult attenders were more likely to attend within 7-days of the alleged assault compared with adolescent attenders (80.3% V 70.2% OR1.513 CI 1.35-1.697 p < 0.001). When compared with adult attenders, adolescent attenders were significantly more likely to disclose being assaulted outdoors (40.9% V 15.7% OR2.607 CI 2.346-2.898 p < 0.01), during the day (58.4% V 34.4% OR1.673 CI 1.565-1.790 p < 0.01), assaulted by a friend/family member (28.9% V 16% OR 1.812 CI1.603-2.049 p < 0.01) and less likely to have consumed alcohol prior to the incident (45.6% V 25.3% OR1.807 CI 1.653-1.975 p < 0.001). Physical injuries were less likely in adolescent attenders (30% V 35.5% OR0.845 CI 0.758-0.942 p = 0.02).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A comparison of the characteristics of adolescent and adult female sexual assault disclosures identifies differences regarding location of the incident, relationship to perpetrator and prevalence of alcohol consumption. Knowledge of these factors support appropriate tailoring of treatment, prevention and awareness strategies to help modify the impact and reduce the incidence of SA in the vulnerable adolescent cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X23001312/pdfft?md5=def9827d14d2abd984301b5f80f66525&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X23001312-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135514821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102612
Amaar A. Amir , Baraa A. Amir , Asim A. Alghannam , Tareq H. Abdeen , Rayan M. Alshneiber , Abdullah A. Alhowaish , Ritesh G. Menezes
Fractures of the laryngohyoid complex are classically associated with deaths due to strangulation. Recent studies, however, indicate the possible presence of such fractures in fatal falls. The primary focus of this systematic review is to analyze the characteristics of laryngohyoid fractures in the context of falls to aid in a more accurate interpretation of autopsy findings. Search for relevant literature occurred on PubMed on the 26th of October 2022, and Embase and Web of Science on the 5th of November 2022. Inclusion criteria included being a primary study, published in English, involving fatal falls and injuries to the laryngohyoid complex, and presenting sufficient details about the relevant cases. Four case reports and six descriptive retrospective studies were included in the final analysis yielding a sum of 38 cases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Potential limitations of this study include the inclusion of case reports and studies published in English only. The cumulative male-to-female ratio was 23:15 with a mean age of 48 years old. The fall height ranged from standing height to 60 m. Forty-three fractures to the laryngohyoid complex were identified with the thyroid cartilage most commonly affected, followed by fracture of the hyoid bone, and finally the cricoid cartilage. While cases of falls did indeed display hallmark laryngohyoid findings classically displayed in strangulation, they also featured unique presentations such as fractures of the clavicle and a reduced prevalence of conjunctival petechiae.
喉舌骨复合体骨折通常与绞勒致死有关。然而,最近的研究表明,在致命的跌倒中可能存在这种骨折。本系统综述的主要重点是分析跌倒时喉舌骨骨折的特征,以帮助更准确地解释尸检结果。相关文献检索时间为2022年10月26日PubMed, 2022年11月5日Embase和Web of Science。纳入标准包括:一项以英文发表的主要研究,涉及致命跌倒和喉舌骨复合体损伤,并提供有关病例的足够细节。最后的分析包括4个病例报告和6个描述性回顾性研究,共38个病例。使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)关键评估工具评估偏倚风险。本研究的潜在局限性包括纳入病例报告和仅以英文发表的研究。累计男女比23:15,平均年龄48岁。坠落高度从站立高度到60 m不等。43例喉舌骨复合体骨折中最常见的是甲状软骨,其次是舌骨,最后是环状软骨。虽然跌倒的病例确实表现出典型的绞勒喉舌骨特征,但它们也有独特的表现,如锁骨骨折和结膜积点的发生率降低。
{"title":"Systematic review of laryngohyoid fractures in fatal falls: A potential mimicker of strangulation","authors":"Amaar A. Amir , Baraa A. Amir , Asim A. Alghannam , Tareq H. Abdeen , Rayan M. Alshneiber , Abdullah A. Alhowaish , Ritesh G. Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Fractures of the laryngohyoid complex are classically associated with deaths due to strangulation. Recent studies, however, indicate the possible presence of such fractures in fatal falls. The primary focus of this systematic review is to analyze the characteristics of laryngohyoid fractures in the context of falls to aid in a more accurate interpretation of autopsy findings. Search for relevant literature occurred on PubMed on the 26th of October 2022, and </span>Embase<span> and Web of Science on the 5th of November 2022. Inclusion criteria included being a primary study, published in English, involving fatal falls and injuries to the laryngohyoid complex, and presenting sufficient details about the relevant cases. Four case reports and six descriptive retrospective studies were included in the final analysis yielding a sum of 38 cases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Potential limitations of this study include the inclusion of case reports and studies published in English only. The cumulative male-to-female ratio was 23:15 with a mean age of 48 years old. The fall height ranged from standing height to 60 m. Forty-three fractures to the laryngohyoid complex were identified with the thyroid cartilage most commonly affected, followed by fracture of the hyoid bone<span>, and finally the cricoid cartilage. While cases of falls did indeed display hallmark laryngohyoid findings classically displayed in strangulation, they also featured unique presentations such as fractures of the clavicle<span> and a reduced prevalence of conjunctival petechiae.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102616
Gaurav Sharma , Sahil Thakral , Puneet Setia
A primary objective of a medico-legal autopsy is to determine the identity of the deceased. The act of praying for prolonged periods of time can lead to the development of skin marks in Muslims, commonly referred to as “Naamaj signs” or prayer marks. An elderly male of unknown identity was brought dead to the hospital, where a post-mortem examination was performed. The patient's name in the treatment records suggested that the deceased was a member of the non-Muslim community, conflicting with the post-mortem examination report indicating circumcision and belonging to the Muslim Community. The disposal authority questioned whether cremation or burial was more suitable for the deceased. When it comes to cases involving religious identification, basing a decision on a single feature alone is not enough to permit the disposal of a deceased body. It is crucial to take into account other characteristics before determining the appropriate disposal method.
{"title":"A novel approach towards identification: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Gaurav Sharma , Sahil Thakral , Puneet Setia","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A primary objective of a medico-legal autopsy is to determine the identity of the deceased. The act of praying for prolonged periods of time can lead to the development of skin marks in Muslims, commonly referred to as “Naamaj signs” or prayer marks. An elderly male of unknown identity was brought dead to the hospital, where a post-mortem examination was performed. The patient's name in the treatment records suggested that the deceased was a member of the non-Muslim community, conflicting with the post-mortem examination report indicating circumcision and belonging to the Muslim Community. The disposal authority questioned whether cremation or burial was more suitable for the deceased. When it comes to cases involving religious identification, basing a decision on a single feature alone is not enough to permit the disposal of a deceased body. It is crucial to take into account other characteristics before determining the appropriate disposal method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89721338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102609
Clare Crole-Rees, Natasha Kalebic, Jack Tomlin, Andrew Forrester
{"title":"Can prisons be trauma-informed? Reflections on the development of a trauma-informed approach","authors":"Clare Crole-Rees, Natasha Kalebic, Jack Tomlin, Andrew Forrester","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136127561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102611
Camila Camarini , Letícia Carvalho Lima Teixeira , Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita , Elen S. Tolentino , Mariliani C. Silva
Purpose
develop and validate a formula, through a discriminant analysis of sex estimation, evaluating maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography scans in a Brazilian population, comparing this formula with two other existing ones.
Methods
190 cone beam CT scans of Brazilian adults were retrospectively evaluated by an independent examiner. Measurements were performed in the right and left MS region: height, width, length, distance between the breasts, distance between infraorbital foramina, and volume in the ITK software. The sample was divided into female and male. T test, ANOVA, Tukey test and the ROC Curve was performed (p > 0,05).
Results
statistically significant differences were found in relation to the maximum height of the MS both right (p = 0,001) and left (p = 0,026) between sexes and the maximum length in the right MS (p = 0,01). Regarding the comparison of MS volume according to the different analysis methods, statistically significant differences were found between sexes for the right MS when using the method by Bangi et al. (p = 0,012) and the volume of the left MS in females (p < 0,001). Comparing the three classification models, statistically significant differences were found between the proposed method and the classification by Bangi et al. (p < 0.007). The ROC curve showed greater accuracy in the classification proposed in this work.
Conclusion
the new proposed formula obtained better predictions of sexual dimorphism, when compared to classifications already described in the literature.
{"title":"Comparison of different methods of analysis of maxillary sinus volume and validation of a new proposal using cone beam computed tomography","authors":"Camila Camarini , Letícia Carvalho Lima Teixeira , Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita , Elen S. Tolentino , Mariliani C. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>develop and validate a formula, through a discriminant analysis of sex estimation, evaluating maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography scans in a Brazilian population, comparing this formula with two other existing ones.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>190 cone beam CT scans of Brazilian adults were retrospectively evaluated by an independent examiner. Measurements were performed in the right and left MS region: height, width, length, distance between the breasts, distance between infraorbital foramina, and volume in the ITK software. The sample was divided into female and male. T test, ANOVA, Tukey test and the ROC Curve was performed (p > 0,05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>statistically significant differences were found in relation to the maximum height of the MS both right (p = 0,001) and left (p = 0,026) between sexes and the maximum length in the right MS (p = 0,01). Regarding the comparison of MS volume according to the different analysis methods, statistically significant differences were found between sexes for the right MS when using the method by Bangi et al. (p = 0,012) and the volume of the left MS in females (p < 0,001). Comparing the three classification models, statistically significant differences were found between the proposed method and the classification by Bangi et al. (p < 0.007). The ROC curve showed greater accuracy in the classification proposed in this work.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>the new proposed formula obtained better predictions of sexual dimorphism, when compared to classifications already described in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72212454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102615
Lili Liao , Yunxia Sun , Litao Huang , Linying Ye , Ling Chen , Mei Shen
Vaginal fluids are one of the most common biological samples in forensic sexual assault cases, and their characterization is vital to narrow the scope of investigation. Presently, approaches for identifying vaginal fluids in different regions are not only rare but also have certain limitations. However, the microbiome has shown the potential to identify the source of body fluids and reveal the characteristics of individuals. In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the vaginal microbial community from three regions, Sichuan, Hainan and Hunan. In addition, data on relative abundance and alpha diversity were used to construct a random forest model. The results revealed that the dominant genera in the three regions were Lactobacillus, followed by Gardnerella. In addition, Ureaplasma, Nitrospira, Nocardiodes, Veillonella and g-norank-f-Vicinamibacteraceae were significantly enriched genera in Sichuan, llumatobacter was enriched in Hainan, and Pseudomonas was enriched in Hunan. The random forest classifier based on combined data on relative abundance and alpha diversity had a good ability to distinguish vaginal fluids with similar dominant microbial compositions in the three regions. The study suggests that combining high-throughput sequencing data with machine learning models has good potential for application in the biogeographic inference of vaginal fluids.
{"title":"A novel approach for exploring the regional features of vaginal fluids based on microbial relative abundance and alpha diversity","authors":"Lili Liao , Yunxia Sun , Litao Huang , Linying Ye , Ling Chen , Mei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Vaginal fluids<span> are one of the most common biological samples in forensic sexual assault cases, and their characterization is vital to narrow the scope of investigation. Presently, approaches for identifying vaginal fluids in different regions are not only rare but also have certain limitations. However, the microbiome<span> has shown the potential to identify the source of body fluids and reveal the characteristics of individuals. In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the vaginal microbial community from three regions, Sichuan, Hainan and Hunan. In addition, data on relative abundance and alpha diversity were used to construct a random forest model. The results revealed that the dominant genera in the three regions were </span></span></span><span><em>Lactobacillus</em></span>, followed by <span><em>Gardnerella</em></span>. In addition, <span><span><em>Ureaplasma</em><span><em>, </em><em>Nitrospira</em><em>, Nocardiodes, </em></span></span><em>Veillonella</em></span> and <em>g-norank-f-Vicinamibacteraceae</em> were significantly enriched genera in Sichuan, <em>llumatobacter</em> was enriched in Hainan, and <span><em>Pseudomonas</em></span> was enriched in Hunan. The random forest classifier based on combined data on relative abundance and alpha diversity had a good ability to distinguish vaginal fluids with similar dominant microbial compositions in the three regions. The study suggests that combining high-throughput sequencing data with machine learning models has good potential for application in the biogeographic inference of vaginal fluids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102608
Yong Liu, Jie Zhang, Hua-xiong Song, Qi-shuo Tian, Liang Liu
Straddle injuries are those to the perineum region brought on by straddling or riding over something, such as a horse, vehicle, or other object. The motorcycle fuel tank or handlebars are primarily responsible for the typical injury to the perineum area in motorcycle accidents. Motorcycle straddle injury usually manifest as abrasions to the scrotum or penis, and severe cases can cause pelvic fractures or even testicular dislocation. Because these injuries are usually closed with unclear internal damage, diagnosis presents a significant challenge and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. However, pelvic fractures and the bleeding and nerve damage associated with perineal injury are often fatal, and testicular dislocation can also have serious consequences for patients. Therefore, a clear diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for patients with this type of injury. This article reports the case of a motorcycle rider who died 4 h after a traffic accident with only minor surface injury visible, showing only bruising in the waist and scrotum. A forensic examination revealed multiple fractures throughout the patient's body, with a slightly more severe pelvic fracture and testicular dislocation on the left side in the left inguinal area. This article analyzes the cause of death and related issues in this case, aiming to provide assistance to clinical physicians and forensic practitioners and to emphasize the importance of handling straddle injury in treatment and related investigations to avoid serious consequences.
{"title":"Fatal motorcycle straddle injury consolidated with traumatic testicular dislocation: A case report","authors":"Yong Liu, Jie Zhang, Hua-xiong Song, Qi-shuo Tian, Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Straddle injuries are those to the perineum region brought on by straddling or riding over something, such as a horse, vehicle, or other object. The motorcycle fuel tank or handlebars are primarily responsible for the typical injury to the perineum area in motorcycle accidents. Motorcycle straddle injury usually manifest as abrasions to the </span>scrotum or </span>penis<span><span>, and severe cases can cause pelvic fractures or even testicular dislocation. Because these injuries are usually closed with unclear internal damage, diagnosis presents a significant challenge and can easily lead to </span>misdiagnosis<span><span>. However, pelvic fractures and the bleeding and nerve damage associated with perineal injury are often fatal, and testicular dislocation can also have serious consequences for patients. Therefore, a clear diagnosis and timely </span>treatment<span> are crucial for patients with this type of injury. This article reports the case of a motorcycle rider who died 4 h after a traffic accident with only minor surface injury visible, showing only bruising in the waist and scrotum. A forensic examination revealed multiple fractures throughout the patient's body, with a slightly more severe pelvic fracture and testicular dislocation on the left side in the left inguinal area. This article analyzes the cause of death and related issues in this case, aiming to provide assistance to clinical physicians and forensic practitioners and to emphasize the importance of handling straddle injury in treatment and related investigations to avoid serious consequences.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102594
{"title":"Alcimedes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}