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Three-dimensional prediction of the nose for facial reconstruction: A preliminary study on North Indian adults 面部重建中鼻子的三维预测:对北印度成年人的初步研究。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102708
Swarnjeet Singh, Ruma Purkait

Forensic facial reconstruction is the last recourse to establish the identity of an unknown skull. The facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) is required to reconstruct various facial features on a skull. Unlike other facial features, the nose is made of cartilaginous tissue except for a small nasal bone. A large cavity (pyriform aperture) exists on the skull in place of the nose, which makes it a challenging job for reconstruction. The nose is a vital feature for the recognition of a face. Any change in the shape or size of the nose can alter the original aesthetic of the face. The present study proposes angles and regression functions on the bony structure to predict the various parts of the soft nose. A sample of computed tomography (CT) images of 100 males and 100 females aged between 18 and 45 years were included in the study. Apart from measuring fourteen linear parameters with three angles, simple linear regression models were derived for five pairs of parameters. Pearson's correlation coefficients for most of the parameters ranging between 0.221 and 0.872 were found to be significant at p ≤ 0.05 level. FSTT at three anatomical landmarks of the nose was also measured. A morphological observation study was undertaken to find the most frequent direction of the bony anterior nasal spine (ans) and its relation with the position of the pronasale (prn) on the soft nose. The devised parameters proposed in the study may also prove useful for reconstructing the nose in other populations.

法医面部重建是确定未知头骨身份的最后手段。在头骨上重建各种面部特征需要面部软组织厚度(FSTT)。与其他面部特征不同,鼻子由软骨组织构成,只有一小块鼻骨。头骨上有一个大空腔(梨状孔)代替鼻子,这使得重建工作具有挑战性。鼻子是识别面部的重要特征。鼻子形状或大小的任何改变都会改变面部的原始美感。本研究提出了骨骼结构的角度和回归函数来预测软鼻子的各个部分。研究对象包括 100 名男性和 100 名女性的计算机断层扫描(CT)图像样本,年龄在 18 至 45 岁之间。除了测量三个角度的十四个线性参数外,还得出了五对参数的简单线性回归模型。大部分参数的皮尔逊相关系数介于 0.221 和 0.872 之间,在 p ≤ 0.05 的水平下具有显著性。此外,还测量了鼻部三个解剖标志点的 FSTT。还进行了形态观察研究,以发现鼻骨前棘(ans)的最常见方向及其与软鼻子上的前鼻翼(prn)位置的关系。研究中提出的设计参数也可能被证明有助于其他人群的鼻部重建。
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引用次数: 0
The use of dye to detect sites of hemorrhage and leak in postmortem cases 使用染料检测死后病例中的出血和渗漏部位。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102712
Yazan Amir Seulieman , Noor Jamil Aziz al-khafaji , Abdulwahab Essam Abdulwahab , Ibrahim Mdhafar Saadoon , Hayder Lazim

This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and rapid method for identifying hemorrhage or leakage sites following postoperative deaths, a critical aspect in the context of medical malpractice litigation. The technique employs diluted ink as an injectable dye, providing an alternative to postmortem contrast imaging. The utility of this method was demonstrated through a series of three cases. In the first case, the technique successfully detected leaks within vascular structures. The second case revealed a leakage in the cystic duct, while in the third case, the method was instrumental in identifying a leak in a hollow organ situated below the gastro-esophageal junction. Given its demonstrated efficacy, this technique has been incorporated into routine practice by the forensic pathologist in the medicolegal directorate in Baghdad, Iraq.

本研究介绍了一种新颖、经济、快速的方法,用于识别术后死亡患者的出血或渗漏部位,这是医疗事故诉讼中的一个关键环节。该技术采用稀释墨水作为可注射染料,提供了死后造影剂成像的替代方法。该方法的实用性通过三个系列病例得到了证明。在第一个病例中,该技术成功检测到血管结构内的渗漏。第二个病例显示了膀胱导管内的渗漏,而在第三个病例中,该方法帮助确定了位于胃食管交界处下方的一个中空器官内的渗漏。鉴于该技术的有效性,伊拉克巴格达法医病理学家已将其纳入日常工作中。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of N-piperidinyl etonitazene in alternative keratinous matrices from a decomposing cadaver 从一具腐烂尸体的替代角质基质中鉴定出 N-哌啶基依托尼他嗪
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102710
Erika Buratti, Gianmario Mietti, Alice Cerioni, Marta Cippitelli, Rino Froldi, Mariano Cingolani, Roberto Scendoni

This short report describes research on N-piperidinyl etonitazene, also known as etonitazepipne, in keratinous matrices (hair and nails) after death related to a suspected opioid overdose. Etonitazepipne belongs to the family of benzimidazole opioids, a class of new synthetic opioids that has penetrated the illicit drug market. Analysis in the case under study showed the presence of etonitazepipne in both hair and nails, confirming that the substance accumulates in the body with repeated intake.

这份简短的报告介绍了对疑似阿片类药物过量致死后角质基质(头发和指甲)中的 N-哌啶基依托尼他嗪的研究。依托尼西泮属于苯并咪唑类阿片家族,是一类新型合成阿片,已渗透到非法药物市场。对所研究案例的分析表明,头发和指甲中都含有依托尼西泮,这证实了反复摄入这种物质会在体内蓄积。
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引用次数: 0
Can human sex be estimated based on the dimensions of the maxillary sinuses? A systematic review of the literature on cone-beam and multi-slice computed tomography 能否根据上颌窦的尺寸估计人类性别?对锥形束和多层计算机断层扫描文献的系统回顾。
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102716
Matheus Sampaio-Oliveira , Larissa de Oliveira Reis , Lucas P. Lopes Rosado , Marcela Baraúna Magno , Lucianne Cople Maia , Matheus L. Oliveira

Purpose

To critically appraise and summarize the potential of linear and/or volumetric dimensions of the maxillary sinuses obtained with cone-beam and multi-slice computed tomography.

Methods

A bibliographic search was conducted in seven databases in August 2023. Cross-sectional retrospective studies using linear and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinuses obtained with cone-beam and multi-slice computed tomography for sex estimation and presenting numerical estimation data were included. Narrative or systematic reviews, letters to the editor, case reports, laboratory studies in animals, and experimental studies were excluded. The critical appraisal and certainty of evidence were assessed using the guidelines described by Fowkes and Fulton and GRADE, respectively.

Results

A total of 656 studies were found, 32 of which were included. A total of 3631 individuals were analyzed and the overall sex estimation rate ranged from 54.9 % to 95 %. When compared with isolated measurements, combined linear measurements of the right and left maxillary sinuses, such as width, length, and height, provided a higher rate of sex estimation (54.9–95 %). In most of the studies (62.5 %), all measurements were higher in men than in women. Multiple methodological problems were found in the studies, especially distorting influences in 84.4 % of the answers. The certainty of evidence varied from very low to low.

Conclusions

The combination of height, width, and length measurements of the right and left maxillary sinuses from cone-beam and multi-slice computed tomography can be useful in the estimation of sex of humans. Further primary studies are needed to increase the certainty of evidence.

Prospero register

CRD42020161922.

目的:对锥形束和多切片计算机断层扫描获得的上颌窦线性和/或容积尺寸的潜力进行批判性评估和总结:方法:2023 年 8 月在七个数据库中进行了文献检索。方法:于 2023 年 8 月在 7 个数据库中进行了文献检索,纳入了使用锥形束和多切片计算机断层扫描获得的上颌窦线性和容积测量值进行性别估计并提供数值估计数据的横断面回顾性研究。叙事性或系统性综述、致编辑的信、病例报告、动物实验室研究和实验研究除外。分别采用 Fowkes 和 Fulton 以及 GRADE 所描述的指南对证据的批判性评价和确定性进行评估:结果:共发现 656 项研究,其中 32 项被纳入。共分析了 3631 人,总体性别估计率从 54.9% 到 95% 不等。与单独测量相比,对左右上颌窦的宽度、长度和高度等综合线性测量的性别估计率更高(54.9%-95%)。在大多数研究中(62.5%),男性的所有测量值均高于女性。研究中发现了多种方法问题,尤其是 84.4% 的答案存在扭曲影响。证据的确定性从很低到很低不等:结论:通过锥形束和多切片计算机断层扫描对左右上颌窦的高度、宽度和长度进行综合测量,有助于对人体性别进行估计。要提高证据的确定性,还需要进一步的初步研究:CRD42020161922。
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引用次数: 0
Alcimedes 阿基米德
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102714
Gall John
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引用次数: 0
Necrotizing Fasciitis: When skin confuses - An autopsy case report 坏死性筋膜炎:皮肤混淆--尸检病例报告
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102715
Renjini Johnson, Fathima Harsha P.M, Anup Kumar Raipuria, Sangeeta Kumari, Shiuli

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) is a severe life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by the rapid destruction of muscle, fat and fascial layers. This report details an autopsy case report of a 40year old male, unclaimed body lacking the complete history except that given by the Police personnel accompanying in which there is no prior history of trauma. This person succumbed to septic shock secondary to NF, despite clinical interventions. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and the need for heightened clinical awareness to improve patient outcomes.

坏死性筋膜炎(NF)是一种严重威胁生命的软组织感染,其特点是肌肉、脂肪和筋膜层迅速遭到破坏。本报告详细介绍了一具 40 岁男性尸体的尸检报告,该尸体无人认领,除警方人员提供的病史外,没有其他完整病史,也没有外伤史。尽管采取了临床干预措施,但此人仍因继发于 NF 的脓毒性休克而死亡。该病例强调了早期诊断的重要性以及提高临床意识以改善患者预后的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review on application of atomic force microscopy in Forensic science 原子力显微镜在法医学中的应用综述
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102717
Megha Therassa, N.S. Aparna, Maria Jose, Ajil Dev, Arjun Rao Isukapatla

The primary objective of forensic investigation of a case is to recognize, identify, locate, and examine the evidence. Microscopy is a technique that provides crucial information for resolving a case or advancing the investigation process by analyzing the evidence obtained from a crime scene. It is often used in conjunction with suitable analytical techniques. Various microscopes are employed; scanning probe microscopes are available in diverse forensic analyses and studies. Among these, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is the most commonly used scanning probe technology, offering a unique morphological and physico-chemical perspective for analyzing multiple pieces of evidence in forensic investigations. Notably, it is a non-destructive technique capable of operating in liquid or air without complex sample preparation. The article delves into a detailed exploration of the applications of AFM in the realms of nanomechanical forensics and nanoscale characterization of forensically significant samples.

对案件进行法证调查的主要目的是识别、鉴定、查找和检查证据。显微镜技术是一种通过分析从犯罪现场获得的证据为破案或推进调查过程提供关键信息的技术。它通常与适当的分析技术结合使用。使用的显微镜多种多样;扫描探针显微镜可用于各种法医分析和研究。其中,原子力显微镜(AFM)是最常用的扫描探针技术,可提供独特的形态和物理化学视角,用于分析法医调查中的多种证据。值得注意的是,它是一种非破坏性技术,能够在液体或空气中操作,无需复杂的样品制备。文章详细探讨了原子力显微镜在纳米机械取证和具有重要取证意义样本的纳米级表征领域的应用。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on application of atomic force microscopy in Forensic science","authors":"Megha Therassa,&nbsp;N.S. Aparna,&nbsp;Maria Jose,&nbsp;Ajil Dev,&nbsp;Arjun Rao Isukapatla","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary objective of forensic investigation of a case is to recognize, identify, locate, and examine the evidence. Microscopy is a technique that provides crucial information for resolving a case or advancing the investigation process by analyzing the evidence obtained from a crime scene. It is often used in conjunction with suitable analytical techniques. Various microscopes are employed; scanning probe microscopes are available in diverse forensic analyses and studies. Among these, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is the most commonly used scanning probe technology, offering a unique morphological and physico-chemical perspective for analyzing multiple pieces of evidence in forensic investigations. Notably, it is a non-destructive technique capable of operating in liquid or air without complex sample preparation. The article delves into a detailed exploration of the applications of AFM in the realms of nanomechanical forensics and nanoscale characterization of forensically significant samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A method of identifying the high-risk mutations of sudden cardiac death at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes 一种识别 KCNQ1 和 KCNH2 基因心源性猝死高危突变的方法
IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102707
Jiaqi Wang , Zidong Liu , Yuxin Zhang , Mingming Zhang , Deqing Chen , Gengqian Zhang

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) often shows negative anatomy results after a systemic autopsy and the gene mutations of potassium channel play a key role in the etiology of SCD. We established a feasible system to detect SCD-related mutations and investigated the mutations at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes in the Chinese population. We established a mutation detection system combined with multiplex PCR, SNaPshot technique, and capillary electrophoresis. We genotyped 101 putative mutations at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes in 60 SCD of negative anatomy and 50 controls using the established assay and compared Odd Ratio (OR). Four coding variants were identified in the KCNQ1 gene: S546S, I145I, P448R, and G643S. The mutations of I145I and S546S did not differ significantly in the SCD compared with controls. 21 SCD individuals (35 %) and 1 control individual (2 %) showed a genotype of C/G at P448R (OR = 17.5, 95 % CI [2.40–127.82]). 24 SCD individuals (40 %) and 1 control individual (2 %) showed a genotype of C/G at G643S (OR = 20.0, 95 % CI [2.75–145.25]). We established a robust assay for rapid screening the putative SCD-related mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes. The new assay in our study is easily amenable to the majority of laboratories without the need for new specialized equipment. Our method will meet the increasing requirement of mutation screening for SCD in regular DNA laboratories and will help screen mutations in those dead of SCD and their relatives.

心脏性猝死(SCD)往往在系统尸检后出现阴性解剖结果,而钾通道基因突变在SCD的病因中起着关键作用。我们建立了一套可行的系统来检测与 SCD 相关的基因突变,并调查了中国人群中 KCNQ1 和 KCNH2 基因的突变情况。我们建立了一套结合多重 PCR、SNaPshot 技术和毛细管电泳的突变检测系统。我们使用建立的检测方法对 60 例阴性解剖的 SCD 和 50 例对照的 101 个 KCNQ1 和 KCNH2 基因的推测突变进行了基因分型,并比较了奇异比(OR)。在 KCNQ1 基因中发现了四种编码变异:S546S、I145I、P448R 和 G643S。与对照组相比,SCD 患者的 I145I 和 S546S 基因突变没有显著差异。21 名 SCD 患者(35%)和 1 名对照组患者(2%)的 P448R 基因型为 C/G(OR = 17.5,95% CI [2.40-127.82])。24 名 SCD 患者(40%)和 1 名对照组患者(2%)的基因型为 G643S 的 C/G(OR = 20.0,95 % CI [2.75-145.25])。我们建立了一种稳健的检测方法,用于快速筛查 KCNQ1 和 KCNH2 基因中可能与 SCD 相关的突变。我们研究中的新检测方法很容易适用于大多数实验室,无需新的专业设备。我们的方法将满足常规 DNA 实验室对 SCD 基因突变筛查日益增长的需求,并有助于筛查 SCD 死者及其亲属的基因突变。
{"title":"A method of identifying the high-risk mutations of sudden cardiac death at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes","authors":"Jiaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Zidong Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhang ,&nbsp;Deqing Chen ,&nbsp;Gengqian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) often shows negative anatomy results after a systemic autopsy and the gene mutations of potassium channel play a key role in the etiology of SCD. We established a feasible system to detect SCD-related mutations and investigated the mutations at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes in the Chinese population. We established a mutation detection system combined with multiplex PCR, SNaPshot technique, and capillary electrophoresis. We genotyped 101 putative mutations at KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes in 60 SCD of negative anatomy and 50 controls using the established assay and compared Odd Ratio (OR). Four coding variants were identified in the KCNQ1 gene: S546S, I145I, P448R, and G643S. The mutations of I145I and S546S did not differ significantly in the SCD compared with controls. 21 SCD individuals (35 %) and 1 control individual (2 %) showed a genotype of C/G at P448R (OR = 17.5, 95 % CI [2.40–127.82]). 24 SCD individuals (40 %) and 1 control individual (2 %) showed a genotype of C/G at G643S (OR = 20.0, 95 % CI [2.75–145.25]). We established a robust assay for rapid screening the putative SCD-related mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes. The new assay in our study is easily amenable to the majority of laboratories without the need for new specialized equipment. Our method will meet the increasing requirement of mutation screening for SCD in regular DNA laboratories and will help screen mutations in those dead of SCD and their relatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hunger strikes and force feeding in detention: Clinical and ethical challenges 绝食和强制喂食:临床和伦理挑战
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102706
Fabiola Molina , Sumaiya Sayeed , John J. Andrews , Katherine C. McKenzie
{"title":"Hunger strikes and force feeding in detention: Clinical and ethical challenges","authors":"Fabiola Molina ,&nbsp;Sumaiya Sayeed ,&nbsp;John J. Andrews ,&nbsp;Katherine C. McKenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual dimorphism of the twelfth thoracic vertebra for sex determination in the Central Thai population 泰国中部人群第十二胸椎的性别二形性,用于性别鉴定
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102688
Paleenan Srithawee , Duangnate Pipatsatitpong , Narumol Parasompong , Nutcha Poolkasem , Palita Watthanaworasakul , Pairoa Praihirunkit

Analyzing skeletal remains is crucial for identifying individuals, and forensic anthropologists use this analysis to determine biological characteristics, particularly sex, aiding criminal investigations. Among thoracic vertebrae, the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12) is highly sexually dimorphic in various populations. This study aims to establish a discriminant function equation (DFE) for sex determination based on T12 in the Central Thai population. A total of 15 parameters of T12 were examined in 69 bone samples (43 males and 26 females). Among the 15 parameters, 14 were significantly different between males and females. The discriminant function equation (DFE) was generated as DFE = −19.578 + 0.376(i) BDsm + 0.254(l) PW + 0.081TDm, with a cutoff value of −0.296 for males and females, showing 92.8 % accuracy. The evaluation of the DFE using 10 blind samples showed 90 % accuracy. These findings may offer an additional method for sex determination through T12, complementing the examination of other skeletal elements.

分析骨骼遗骸对识别个人身份至关重要,法医人类学家利用这种分析来确定生物特征,特别是性别,从而帮助刑事调查。在胸椎中,第十二胸椎(T12)在不同人群中具有高度的性别二态性。本研究旨在建立一个基于泰国中部人群 T12 的性别判定判别函数方程(DFE)。共对 69 个骨骼样本(43 个男性样本和 26 个女性样本)的 15 个 T12 参数进行了检测。在这 15 个参数中,有 14 个参数在男性和女性之间存在显著差异。生成的判别函数方程(DFE)为 DFE = -19.578 + 0.376(i) BDsm + 0.254(l) PW + 0.081TDm,男性和女性的临界值为-0.296,准确率为 92.8%。使用 10 个盲样对 DFE 进行的评估显示,准确率为 90%。这些发现为通过 T12 进行性别鉴定提供了一种新方法,是对其他骨骼元素检查的补充。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of forensic and legal medicine
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