Introduction: Renal vasculature is known for presenting a wide range of variations. Knowledge of different anatomical variations helps the surgeon prevent possible intraoperative complications. Computed Tomography (CT) is an excellent imaging modality providing detailed anatomy of the renal artery. This study aimed to evaluate renal arterial variations in individuals undergoing abdominal CT examination. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 400 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal CT examination in a medical college in Nepal. The number of patients with normal and any arterial variations was noted. Accessory renal artery (hilar and polar artery) and any pre-hilar branching were evaluated. Results: Among 400 patients, 271 (67.75%) individuals had normal renal artery supply and 129 (32.25%) had variations. Among 129 individuals (79 males and 50 females) with artery variations, 93 (72.09%) had unilateral and 36 (27.91%) had bilateral variations. The most common unilateral variation was a single polar artery in 66 (70.97%) cases, pre-hilar branching in 18 (19.35%), accessory hilar artery in 7 (7.53%) and dual polar arteries in 2 (2.15%). In those with bilateral arterial variations, the right and left kidneys showed polar artery in 25 (69%) and 30 (83%), pre-hilar branching in 6 (17%) and 2 (6%), and accessory hilar in 5 (14%) and 4 (11%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Renal artery variation was observed in approximately one-third of individuals. Unilateral variation was more common than bilateral and polar artery was the most common arterial variant.
{"title":"Anatomical Variations of Renal Artery in Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography of Abdomen: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"P. Chhetri, P. Basnet, Aarati Adhikari","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I2.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I2.434","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Renal vasculature is known for presenting a wide range of variations. Knowledge of different anatomical variations helps the surgeon prevent possible intraoperative complications. Computed Tomography (CT) is an excellent imaging modality providing detailed anatomy of the renal artery. This study aimed to evaluate renal arterial variations in individuals undergoing abdominal CT examination. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 400 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal CT examination in a medical college in Nepal. The number of patients with normal and any arterial variations was noted. Accessory renal artery (hilar and polar artery) and any pre-hilar branching were evaluated. Results: Among 400 patients, 271 (67.75%) individuals had normal renal artery supply and 129 (32.25%) had variations. Among 129 individuals (79 males and 50 females) with artery variations, 93 (72.09%) had unilateral and 36 (27.91%) had bilateral variations. The most common unilateral variation was a single polar artery in 66 (70.97%) cases, pre-hilar branching in 18 (19.35%), accessory hilar artery in 7 (7.53%) and dual polar arteries in 2 (2.15%). In those with bilateral arterial variations, the right and left kidneys showed polar artery in 25 (69%) and 30 (83%), pre-hilar branching in 6 (17%) and 2 (6%), and accessory hilar in 5 (14%) and 4 (11%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Renal artery variation was observed in approximately one-third of individuals. Unilateral variation was more common than bilateral and polar artery was the most common arterial variant.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41886542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic that emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world in no time. Nursing students are the foundation of nursing profession and they have enormous role to control the spread of the disease in society. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, practice and anxiety related to COVID-19 among nursing students of Nepal and to find out the correlation between anxiety and knowledge and practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 214 Proficiency Certificate Level and Bachelor of Sciences in Nursing students of Nursing Programme, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. Data were collected from 25th May to 2nd June 2020 through self-developed structured questionnaire to measure knowledge and practice whereas, a validated “Self -rating Anxiety scale (SAS)” was used to measure anxiety level via Google form. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (spearman rho correlation) statistics. Results: Majority (73.80%) were from age group 16-20 years of age with mean age of 19.33±1.96 years. Majorities (83.60%) were Hindus. More than half (57.50%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding corona virus infection, 58.90% had good practice and only 6.10% had mild to moderate anxiety level. There was no significant correlation of anxiety with knowledge (p=0.857) and practice (p=0.375). Conclusion: The study showed that more than half of the nursing students had inadequate knowledge, poor practices regarding corona virus infection and very few had mild to moderate anxiety level. Anxiety was not related to knowledge and practice regarding corona virus infection.
{"title":"Knowledge, Practices and Anxiety related to Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID -19) among Nursing Students in Nepal","authors":"S. Shrestha, Jyoti Badan Tuladhar, Namrata Thapa","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.405","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic that emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world in no time. Nursing students are the foundation of nursing profession and they have enormous role to control the spread of the disease in society. The present study was conducted to assess knowledge, practice and anxiety related to COVID-19 among nursing students of Nepal and to find out the correlation between anxiety and knowledge and practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 214 Proficiency Certificate Level and Bachelor of Sciences in Nursing students of Nursing Programme, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. Data were collected from 25th May to 2nd June 2020 through self-developed structured questionnaire to measure knowledge and practice whereas, a validated “Self -rating Anxiety scale (SAS)” was used to measure anxiety level via Google form. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (spearman rho correlation) statistics. Results: Majority (73.80%) were from age group 16-20 years of age with mean age of 19.33±1.96 years. Majorities (83.60%) were Hindus. More than half (57.50%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding corona virus infection, 58.90% had good practice and only 6.10% had mild to moderate anxiety level. There was no significant correlation of anxiety with knowledge (p=0.857) and practice (p=0.375). Conclusion: The study showed that more than half of the nursing students had inadequate knowledge, poor practices regarding corona virus infection and very few had mild to moderate anxiety level. Anxiety was not related to knowledge and practice regarding corona virus infection.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Thapa, Binita Dhakal, Upasana Shrestha, S. Adhikari, S. Shrestha
Introduction: Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, it has challenged the psychological aspect of everyone. Pregnant women being the vulnerable group are most likely to be at increased risk. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of the pregnant women residing in Nepal during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was carried out among 368 pregnant women during lockdown using Perceived stress scale-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and Edinburg Perinatal Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.06±4.64years. Getting infected with the virus (71.7%) was the major fear and inadequate antenatal checkup (61.1%) was the major effect experienced by the participants. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was 41%, 28.5% and 33.2% respectively. Age, salary status of oneself and their husband, healthcare frontliner in the family and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with perceived stress. Age, education, employment, monthly income, trimester and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with anxiety. Salary status of husband, trimester, parity, being infected with COVID-19 and effect of social distancing were associated with depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of mental health disorders during COVID-19 outbreak suggests the importance of special attention on monitoring the maternal mental health status during such public health emergencies. Measures such as awareness program targeted to pregnant women and health education programs on how to cope during the pandemic situations should be made effective to rule down the mental health burden of COVID-19.
{"title":"Pregnant Women’s Mental Health Status and its Related Factors Amidst COVID-19: A Cross- Sectional Study","authors":"P. Thapa, Binita Dhakal, Upasana Shrestha, S. Adhikari, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.428","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, it has challenged the psychological aspect of everyone. Pregnant women being the vulnerable group are most likely to be at increased risk. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of the pregnant women residing in Nepal during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was carried out among 368 pregnant women during lockdown using Perceived stress scale-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and Edinburg Perinatal Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.06±4.64years. Getting infected with the virus (71.7%) was the major fear and inadequate antenatal checkup (61.1%) was the major effect experienced by the participants. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was 41%, 28.5% and 33.2% respectively. Age, salary status of oneself and their husband, healthcare frontliner in the family and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with perceived stress. Age, education, employment, monthly income, trimester and effect of social distancing were significantly associated with anxiety. Salary status of husband, trimester, parity, being infected with COVID-19 and effect of social distancing were associated with depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of mental health disorders during COVID-19 outbreak suggests the importance of special attention on monitoring the maternal mental health status during such public health emergencies. Measures such as awareness program targeted to pregnant women and health education programs on how to cope during the pandemic situations should be made effective to rule down the mental health burden of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45454517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rupesh Sharma, Sona Pokharel, P. Neupane, R. Subedi
Introduction: The Circle of Willis (COW) is an anatomic ring of vessels located at the base of the brain connecting the anterior and posterior circulation by uniting the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion. The importance of detailed information of the COW morphology and integrity in any patient cannot be overemphasized, especially for neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, and interventional neuroradiologists who are considering intervention to the intracranial arteries. This study was conducted to study the variation of COW among the Nepalese population and compare the results with those of other nationalities. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study performed using a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Complete anatomical assessment of the COW was done. The anterior and posterior components of COW were defined as per the standard literature and evaluated in detail. Results: A total of 118 patients were studied during the period out of which 75 (63.6%) were males and 43 (36.4%) were females. A morphologically normal COW configuration was found only in 55 (46.6%) cases whereas a variant configuration was present in 63 (53.4%) cases. The most common variation was noted in the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) which was present in 42 (67%) cases. The most common single variation in abnormal COW configuration was absent right PCOM. Conclusion: The morphologic variation of the COW is more common than the normal textbook configuration in the Nepalese population, PCOM being the most commonly involved vessel.
{"title":"Morphological Variation of Circle of Willis in Nepali Population: A 3D Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Based Study","authors":"Rupesh Sharma, Sona Pokharel, P. Neupane, R. Subedi","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.448","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Circle of Willis (COW) is an anatomic ring of vessels located at the base of the brain connecting the anterior and posterior circulation by uniting the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion. The importance of detailed information of the COW morphology and integrity in any patient cannot be overemphasized, especially for neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, and interventional neuroradiologists who are considering intervention to the intracranial arteries. This study was conducted to study the variation of COW among the Nepalese population and compare the results with those of other nationalities. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study performed using a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Complete anatomical assessment of the COW was done. The anterior and posterior components of COW were defined as per the standard literature and evaluated in detail. Results: A total of 118 patients were studied during the period out of which 75 (63.6%) were males and 43 (36.4%) were females. A morphologically normal COW configuration was found only in 55 (46.6%) cases whereas a variant configuration was present in 63 (53.4%) cases. The most common variation was noted in the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) which was present in 42 (67%) cases. The most common single variation in abnormal COW configuration was absent right PCOM. Conclusion: The morphologic variation of the COW is more common than the normal textbook configuration in the Nepalese population, PCOM being the most commonly involved vessel.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach for enhancing the quality of life of terminally ill patients. For nurses, being the core members of the palliative care team, adequate knowledge and a positive attitude are crucial. This study aimed to assess clinical nurses' knowledge and attitude on palliative care. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 122 nurses. A simple random sampling technique was applied to select the sample. Internationally validated questionnaires-“The Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing” and “Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale” were used to assess knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of participants was 25±5.42 years and a majority (70.5%) were staff nurses. None of the participants had ever received training or in-service education related to palliative care. Only 29.5% had a fair level of knowledge and, 28.7% had a good level of attitude towards palliative care. Pearson correlation test revealed a negligible correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude (r= 0.135, p=0.887). Ethnicity (p=0.02) and religion (p=0.02) were statistically significant with the level of knowledge and care for dying relatives (p=0.03) was statistically significant with the level of attitude. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurses’ have poor knowledge of palliative care but had a fair attitude. As nurses are core members, regular training and in-service education can enhance their knowledge level. Positive reinforcement, appreciation, and reward for desirable behavior can help them develop a good attitude towards palliative care.
{"title":"Clinical Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude on Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Parbati Nepal, C. K. Garbuja, M. Nepal","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.435","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach for enhancing the quality of life of terminally ill patients. For nurses, being the core members of the palliative care team, adequate knowledge and a positive attitude are crucial. This study aimed to assess clinical nurses' knowledge and attitude on palliative care. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 122 nurses. A simple random sampling technique was applied to select the sample. Internationally validated questionnaires-“The Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing” and “Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale” were used to assess knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of participants was 25±5.42 years and a majority (70.5%) were staff nurses. None of the participants had ever received training or in-service education related to palliative care. Only 29.5% had a fair level of knowledge and, 28.7% had a good level of attitude towards palliative care. Pearson correlation test revealed a negligible correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude (r= 0.135, p=0.887). Ethnicity (p=0.02) and religion (p=0.02) were statistically significant with the level of knowledge and care for dying relatives (p=0.03) was statistically significant with the level of attitude. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurses’ have poor knowledge of palliative care but had a fair attitude. As nurses are core members, regular training and in-service education can enhance their knowledge level. Positive reinforcement, appreciation, and reward for desirable behavior can help them develop a good attitude towards palliative care.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhaskkar Sharma, R. Shrestha, Ramakanta Lamichhane
Introduction: The electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of brain’s spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time (20-40 minutes) recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. It is used in seizure disorder, organicity, and psychiatric conditions. There is a paucity of literature with regard to the application of EEG in various conditions in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, where data of the patients who visited the EEG section of psychiatric clinic from September 15, 2019 to July 14, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The demographic details, EEG details, and the clinical details were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 110 patients underwent EEG during the study period. Of them, 61 (55.45%) had normal EEG. Among the patients with normal EEG, 60 (98.36%) had clinical history suggestive of seizure disorder. Of the rest 49 (44.55%) patients with abnormal EEG, 48 (97.96%) had history of seizure. Majority patients referred for EEG fell in the prime of their life (1-30yrs). Almost all (98.2%) patients with the history of seizure were taking anti-epileptic drugs. Conclusion: EEG is a common investigation done in psychiatric clinic. Nearly half of the patients with seizure disorders will have an abnormal EEG.
{"title":"A Study on Electroencephalography Findings of Patients Visiting the Psychiatric Clinic: An Experience at A Tertiary Care Center in Western Nepal","authors":"Bhaskkar Sharma, R. Shrestha, Ramakanta Lamichhane","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.406","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of brain’s spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time (20-40 minutes) recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. It is used in seizure disorder, organicity, and psychiatric conditions. There is a paucity of literature with regard to the application of EEG in various conditions in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, where data of the patients who visited the EEG section of psychiatric clinic from September 15, 2019 to July 14, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The demographic details, EEG details, and the clinical details were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 110 patients underwent EEG during the study period. Of them, 61 (55.45%) had normal EEG. Among the patients with normal EEG, 60 (98.36%) had clinical history suggestive of seizure disorder. Of the rest 49 (44.55%) patients with abnormal EEG, 48 (97.96%) had history of seizure. Majority patients referred for EEG fell in the prime of their life (1-30yrs). Almost all (98.2%) patients with the history of seizure were taking anti-epileptic drugs. Conclusion: EEG is a common investigation done in psychiatric clinic. Nearly half of the patients with seizure disorders will have an abnormal EEG.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bhandari, Deepak Bahadur Pachhai, C. Pant, Ashish Jamarkattel
Introduction: The most common visual disorder in school age children is refractive error globally. The present study aimed to know the prevalence of refractive errors and explore the factors associated with the refractive error in school-age children in Palpa district of western part of Nepal. Methods: All the school children were selected between age groups 5 to 18 years from four schools of Palpa by multistage sampling method. After the preliminary examination on visual acuity, the children were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa for confirmation of the refractive errors. Results: In school-age children the prevalence of refractive error was 9% of which myopia was the most common (4.05%). Females (about 12%) were more likely to have refractive errors than males (about 7%). The refractive error of males was 0.106 (right eye) and 0.564 (left eye) times more likely than females. The refractive errors were statistically found more common in Dalit students (14.6%) than Brahmin/Chhetri (about 12%) and Janajati (7.6%). The prevalence of refractive errors among students using smart phone/ laptop (about 12%) was higher than those not using (8.36%). Conclusion: Sex, ethnicity, and near-work activity like using the smart device were the covariates of developing refractive error on the eye. Myopia was more among those students who were using smartphones/laptops. Near activities stress on eyes of the children and might be one of the causes of developing myopia.
{"title":"Prevalence of Refractive Error and Associated Risk Factors in School-Age Children in Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"K. Bhandari, Deepak Bahadur Pachhai, C. Pant, Ashish Jamarkattel","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.412","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most common visual disorder in school age children is refractive error globally. The present study aimed to know the prevalence of refractive errors and explore the factors associated with the refractive error in school-age children in Palpa district of western part of Nepal. Methods: All the school children were selected between age groups 5 to 18 years from four schools of Palpa by multistage sampling method. After the preliminary examination on visual acuity, the children were referred to the Department of Ophthalmology, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa for confirmation of the refractive errors. Results: In school-age children the prevalence of refractive error was 9% of which myopia was the most common (4.05%). Females (about 12%) were more likely to have refractive errors than males (about 7%). The refractive error of males was 0.106 (right eye) and 0.564 (left eye) times more likely than females. The refractive errors were statistically found more common in Dalit students (14.6%) than Brahmin/Chhetri (about 12%) and Janajati (7.6%). The prevalence of refractive errors among students using smart phone/ laptop (about 12%) was higher than those not using (8.36%). Conclusion: Sex, ethnicity, and near-work activity like using the smart device were the covariates of developing refractive error on the eye. Myopia was more among those students who were using smartphones/laptops. Near activities stress on eyes of the children and might be one of the causes of developing myopia.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pokharel, S. Karki, A. Dhakal, A. Kc, K. Shrestha, P. Rajbhandari, M. Neupane
Introduction: Nasal bone fracture occurs due to its vulnerable position and reduced biomechanical resistance to traumas. If not timely treated, it can result in permanent functional and esthetic damage. Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted on 91 patients above 17 years of age with nasal bone fractures in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Kavre. Results: Road traffic accident was the most common cause of fracture (45.1%) followed by fall (36.3%), violence (13.2%), sports-related accidents (4.4%) and occupational accidents (1.1%). Class I fracture was seen in 70 (76.9%), Class II in 17 (18.7%), and Class III in 4 (4.4%). A closed reduction procedure was performed in 74 (81.30%) of the cases, closed reduction with septoplasty was done in 10 (11%), closed reduction with augmentation rhinoplasty was performed for 3 (3.3%), closed reduction with inferior turbinoplasty was required in 3 (3.3%) whereas closed reduction with debridement was done in 1(1.1%). Conclusion: Nasal bone fracture is a complex clinical issue which needs to be addressed early. Violence prevention programs along with drinking and driving campaigns need to be more strengthened to decrease the alarmingly high frequency of nasal bone fracture in the current scenario.
{"title":"A Ten-year Retrospective Study of Nasal Bone Fractures at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal","authors":"M. Pokharel, S. Karki, A. Dhakal, A. Kc, K. Shrestha, P. Rajbhandari, M. Neupane","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.426","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nasal bone fracture occurs due to its vulnerable position and reduced biomechanical resistance to traumas. If not timely treated, it can result in permanent functional and esthetic damage. Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted on 91 patients above 17 years of age with nasal bone fractures in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Kavre. Results: Road traffic accident was the most common cause of fracture (45.1%) followed by fall (36.3%), violence (13.2%), sports-related accidents (4.4%) and occupational accidents (1.1%). Class I fracture was seen in 70 (76.9%), Class II in 17 (18.7%), and Class III in 4 (4.4%). A closed reduction procedure was performed in 74 (81.30%) of the cases, closed reduction with septoplasty was done in 10 (11%), closed reduction with augmentation rhinoplasty was performed for 3 (3.3%), closed reduction with inferior turbinoplasty was required in 3 (3.3%) whereas closed reduction with debridement was done in 1(1.1%). Conclusion: Nasal bone fracture is a complex clinical issue which needs to be addressed early. Violence prevention programs along with drinking and driving campaigns need to be more strengthened to decrease the alarmingly high frequency of nasal bone fracture in the current scenario.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Prescription errors are common problems in hospitals that lead to increase in morbidity, mortality and cost of treatments. They also reduce faiths towards healthcare providers. They are avoidable and their adverse outcome can be reduced if they are assessed and recognized earlier. This study was conducted to assess prescription errors occurred in tertiary care hospital Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Internal Medicine department of Lumbini Medical College for five months duration. Patients who prescribed at least one drug in prescription form were included. Results: Out of total patients, 39.5% had medication error. Among medication errors, 37.6% patients had error of omission. Among error of omission, dose of the drug was not mentioned in 26.1% patients. Category B (21.6%) of severity of medication error was the most common. Patients with one diagnosis less likely had medication errors comparing to the patients with more than one diagnosis (p = 0.0002). The tendency of making medication errors was higher among patients with polypharmacy (p < 0.001) and patients who prescribed Fixed-Dose Drug Combination (p < 0.001). Similarly, the tendency of making errors of omission was also higher among patients with more than one diagnosis (p = 0.0002), patients with polypharmacy (p < 0.001) and patients who prescribed Fixed-Dose Drug Combinations (p < 0.001). Conclusion: One-third of patients had medication errors. Among them, errors of omission were the most common. The collaborative program between doctors, clinical pharmacologists and hospital administration to minimize the occurrence of errors will be effective.
{"title":"Assessment of Prescription Errors in the Internal Medicine Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Naresh Karki, K. Kandel, Pravin Prasad","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.414","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prescription errors are common problems in hospitals that lead to increase in morbidity, mortality and cost of treatments. They also reduce faiths towards healthcare providers. They are avoidable and their adverse outcome can be reduced if they are assessed and recognized earlier. This study was conducted to assess prescription errors occurred in tertiary care hospital Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Internal Medicine department of Lumbini Medical College for five months duration. Patients who prescribed at least one drug in prescription form were included. Results: Out of total patients, 39.5% had medication error. Among medication errors, 37.6% patients had error of omission. Among error of omission, dose of the drug was not mentioned in 26.1% patients. Category B (21.6%) of severity of medication error was the most common. Patients with one diagnosis less likely had medication errors comparing to the patients with more than one diagnosis (p = 0.0002). The tendency of making medication errors was higher among patients with polypharmacy (p < 0.001) and patients who prescribed Fixed-Dose Drug Combination (p < 0.001). Similarly, the tendency of making errors of omission was also higher among patients with more than one diagnosis (p = 0.0002), patients with polypharmacy (p < 0.001) and patients who prescribed Fixed-Dose Drug Combinations (p < 0.001). Conclusion: One-third of patients had medication errors. Among them, errors of omission were the most common. The collaborative program between doctors, clinical pharmacologists and hospital administration to minimize the occurrence of errors will be effective.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48954322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uma Maharjan Chhetri, A. Lamichhane, Shami Pokhrel, Bhaskkar Sharma
Introduction: Psychological disorders among children and adolescents are the least discussed health problems in pediatrics. There is limited data on the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents in low-income countries like Nepal. This study intended to find the prevalence of mental health problems among school children in a secondary school in western Nepal. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, students of grades six to eleven of two private schools of a district in Nepal were randomly selected. The self-rated version of Goodman’s Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire were used to assess mental health problem in these adolescents. Outcomes were measured in a scale of zero to 10 for each of emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problem and pro-social behavior. Difficulty scale and its impact on life were also measured. Results: Out of 902 students, 5% (n=49) had significant and 14% (n=127) had probable mental health problem. Peer problems was the commonest (25%) followed by emotional (15%) and conduct problem (15%) and hyperactivity and pro-social problems were seen in 7% each. Boys had more mental health problem than girls except emotional problem. Mental health problem was more common in lower grade or younger age students. Its impact on life were 0-7.4%. Abnormal internalizing and externalizing problems were reported in 20% and 11% respectively. Conclusion: Mental health problem was prevalent (5 to 25%) in secondary school children. Screening school children for the same would be beneficial for early diagnosis.
{"title":"Assessment of Mental Health Problems of School Children Using Self Report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire","authors":"Uma Maharjan Chhetri, A. Lamichhane, Shami Pokhrel, Bhaskkar Sharma","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V9I1.392","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psychological disorders among children and adolescents are the least discussed health problems in pediatrics. There is limited data on the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents in low-income countries like Nepal. This study intended to find the prevalence of mental health problems among school children in a secondary school in western Nepal. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, students of grades six to eleven of two private schools of a district in Nepal were randomly selected. The self-rated version of Goodman’s Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire were used to assess mental health problem in these adolescents. Outcomes were measured in a scale of zero to 10 for each of emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problem and pro-social behavior. Difficulty scale and its impact on life were also measured. Results: Out of 902 students, 5% (n=49) had significant and 14% (n=127) had probable mental health problem. Peer problems was the commonest (25%) followed by emotional (15%) and conduct problem (15%) and hyperactivity and pro-social problems were seen in 7% each. Boys had more mental health problem than girls except emotional problem. Mental health problem was more common in lower grade or younger age students. Its impact on life were 0-7.4%. Abnormal internalizing and externalizing problems were reported in 20% and 11% respectively. Conclusion: Mental health problem was prevalent (5 to 25%) in secondary school children. Screening school children for the same would be beneficial for early diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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