On 31 December 2019, Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in China reported World Health Organization(WHO) about cases of pneumonia which were caused by a severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) currently designated coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The infection rapidly spread throughout the world escalating the situation and WHO eventually declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. It has already affected almost all aspects of health and society globally. With the current pandemic, dermatologists should be aware of dermatological aspects of SARS-CoV-2, its skin manifestations and general skin care.
{"title":"Dermatological Aspects of COVID-19","authors":"Alina Sharma","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.379","url":null,"abstract":"On 31 December 2019, Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in China reported World Health Organization(WHO) about cases of pneumonia which were caused by a severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) currently designated coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The infection rapidly spread throughout the world escalating the situation and WHO eventually declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. It has already affected almost all aspects of health and society globally. With the current pandemic, dermatologists should be aware of dermatological aspects of SARS-CoV-2, its skin manifestations and general skin care.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46358217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mansur, P. Shrestha, S. Maskey, K. Sharma, S. Karki, Trishna Kisiju
Introduction: The radiological space between two vertebrae is known as intervertebral space (height) which corresponds to the thickness of the intervertebral disc. Lumbar intervertebral disc is the most important structure which maintains the spinal function. An early diagnosis of pathological changes in disc has clinical significance. Hence the study aimed to determine normal height of the intervertebral disc space and effect of aging. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study performed on 106 images of MRI scans of lumbar region. Dimensions of lumbar intervertebral spaces (discs) such as the anterior, middle, posterior intervertebral space height were measured in millimeter. Results: The mean anterior intervertebral space height was gradually increased from L1-L2 level (6.91 mm) to L5-S1 level (13.55 mm). The middle intervertebral space height increased from L1-L2 level (7.89 mm) to L4-L5 level (11.96 mm) whereas at L5-S1 level, there was a decrease (11.10 mm). Similarly, the posterior intervertebral space height showed an increment from L1-L2 level (5.52 mm) to L4-L5 level (8.09 mm) except at L5-S1 level, where it was decreased (6.94 mm). All mean values were found to be higher in males than in females except posterior intervertebral space height. The height of disc was increased up to third or fourth decade followed by a decrease. Conclusion: Knowing the normal lumbar intervertebral space height could be helpful for clinicians to diagnose and plan for proper treatment. It may also help to generate baseline data and to produce proper devices for Nepalese population.
{"title":"Morphometric Study of Lumbar Intervertebral Spaces (discs) by Using MRI.","authors":"D. Mansur, P. Shrestha, S. Maskey, K. Sharma, S. Karki, Trishna Kisiju","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The radiological space between two vertebrae is known as intervertebral space (height) which corresponds to the thickness of the intervertebral disc. Lumbar intervertebral disc is the most important structure which maintains the spinal function. An early diagnosis of pathological changes in disc has clinical significance. Hence the study aimed to determine normal height of the intervertebral disc space and effect of aging. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study performed on 106 images of MRI scans of lumbar region. Dimensions of lumbar intervertebral spaces (discs) such as the anterior, middle, posterior intervertebral space height were measured in millimeter. Results: The mean anterior intervertebral space height was gradually increased from L1-L2 level (6.91 mm) to L5-S1 level (13.55 mm). The middle intervertebral space height increased from L1-L2 level (7.89 mm) to L4-L5 level (11.96 mm) whereas at L5-S1 level, there was a decrease (11.10 mm). Similarly, the posterior intervertebral space height showed an increment from L1-L2 level (5.52 mm) to L4-L5 level (8.09 mm) except at L5-S1 level, where it was decreased (6.94 mm). All mean values were found to be higher in males than in females except posterior intervertebral space height. The height of disc was increased up to third or fourth decade followed by a decrease. Conclusion: Knowing the normal lumbar intervertebral space height could be helpful for clinicians to diagnose and plan for proper treatment. It may also help to generate baseline data and to produce proper devices for Nepalese population.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harleen Bali, D. Yadav, K. Adhikari, S. Mahanta, Rupam Tripathi, B. Sapkota
Introduction: Third molar extractions are one of the most common reasons of injury to mandibular nerve and postoperative complications. Pre-operative assessment of pending doom is a must. In order to study the relations between change in Inferior Alveolar Canal (IAC) and Type, Class, and Level of impaction with radiographic root change of impacted third mandibular molar, we designed a study to assess the relationship of the mandibular canal to the roots of impacted third molar in reference to changes in roots and factors affecting it. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study wherein the panoramic radiographic records of subjects with impacted third molar were assessed for change in root and its correlation with change in IAC, Type, Class and Level of impacted mandibular third molar. Results: Roots of impacted third molar when in contact with IAC presented most often in our study subjects with the Darkening of roots in both sides {right side (16.79%) and left side (11.29%)} and both genders {males (right-14.29%, left-8.75%) and females (right-19.39%, left-13.94%)}. They were statistically significantly associated with interruption of white line of IAC, vertically impacted third molars and Pell and Gregory Class II, Level A of impaction. Conclusion: There is a need to properly identify radiographic risk predictor signs to avoid any surprises at the time of extraction and post operation complications following it.
引言：第三磨牙拔除是下颌神经损伤和术后并发症最常见的原因之一。必须对即将到来的厄运进行术前评估。为了研究下颌下牙槽管（IAC）的变化与阻生第三磨牙影像学牙根变化的阻生类型、类别和程度之间的关系，我们设计了一项研究，根据牙根的变化及其影响因素来评估下颌管与阻生第一磨牙牙根的关系。方法：这是一项回顾性横断面研究，其中评估了受试者阻生第三磨牙牙根的变化及其与IAC、阻生下颌第三磨牙类型、类别和水平变化的相关性。结果：在我们的研究对象中，当与IAC接触时，阻生第三磨牙的牙根最常出现在两侧（右侧（16.79%）和左侧（11.29%））以及性别（男性（右侧-14.29%，左侧-8.75%）和女性（右侧-19.39%，左侧-13.94%））的牙根变暗，垂直阻生的第三磨牙和Pell and Gregory II级，阻生A级。结论：有必要正确识别放射学风险预测体征，以避免在提取时出现任何意外和术后并发症。
{"title":"The Relationship of The Mandibular Canal to The Roots of Impacted Third Molars- The Root Factor: A Panoramic Radiographic Study.","authors":"Harleen Bali, D. Yadav, K. Adhikari, S. Mahanta, Rupam Tripathi, B. Sapkota","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.322","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Third molar extractions are one of the most common reasons of injury to mandibular nerve and postoperative complications. Pre-operative assessment of pending doom is a must. In order to study the relations between change in Inferior Alveolar Canal (IAC) and Type, Class, and Level of impaction with radiographic root change of impacted third mandibular molar, we designed a study to assess the relationship of the mandibular canal to the roots of impacted third molar in reference to changes in roots and factors affecting it. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study wherein the panoramic radiographic records of subjects with impacted third molar were assessed for change in root and its correlation with change in IAC, Type, Class and Level of impacted mandibular third molar. Results: Roots of impacted third molar when in contact with IAC presented most often in our study subjects with the Darkening of roots in both sides {right side (16.79%) and left side (11.29%)} and both genders {males (right-14.29%, left-8.75%) and females (right-19.39%, left-13.94%)}. They were statistically significantly associated with interruption of white line of IAC, vertically impacted third molars and Pell and Gregory Class II, Level A of impaction. Conclusion: There is a need to properly identify radiographic risk predictor signs to avoid any surprises at the time of extraction and post operation complications following it.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kriti Singh, P. Shrestha, Jeena Baaniya, P. Gurung
Introduction: Maternal age is an important determinant of pregnancy outcome. Women aged 35 years ormore at their first pregnancy are considered high risk as they are associated with increased adverse maternaland perinatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, comparative study was carried out over a period of two years in a tertiary center. Each elderly primigravida was matched with two primigravidwomen aged 20-34 years who delivered during the same period. Secondary data on obstetric outcomes (diabetes, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, hypothyroidism), postpartum complications (post-partum hemorrhage, postpartum eclampsia) and perinatal outcome (intra-uterine growth restriction, prematurity, congenital anomalies, and neonatal death)of 82 elderly primigravidae (study group) was compared to 164 younger primigravida (control group) delivered during the period of study. The Chi Square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used for statistical analysis and p value of <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: During the study period, there were 15,012 deliveries and 82 of these were elderly primigravidae giving an incidence of 0.55%. The mean age of the elderly primigravidae was 36.8±2.16 years. The study group had more antepartum complications with preterm labor, diabetes in pregnancy, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and polyhydramnios (p<0.05). Seventy-one elderly primigravidae were delivered by caesarean section, the commonest indication being maternal request. The study group had higher incidence of post-partum hemorrhage but no perinatal mortality of significant proportion. Conclusion: Maternal age at the first pregnancy influences pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Hence, elderly primigravidae should be considered as high risk and followed up accordingly.
{"title":"Pregnancy Outcome Among Primigravidae Aged 35 Years and Above: A Comparative Study","authors":"Kriti Singh, P. Shrestha, Jeena Baaniya, P. Gurung","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.331","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maternal age is an important determinant of pregnancy outcome. Women aged 35 years ormore at their first pregnancy are considered high risk as they are associated with increased adverse maternaland perinatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, comparative study was carried out over a period of two years in a tertiary center. Each elderly primigravida was matched with two primigravidwomen aged 20-34 years who delivered during the same period. Secondary data on obstetric outcomes (diabetes, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, hypothyroidism), postpartum complications (post-partum hemorrhage, postpartum eclampsia) and perinatal outcome (intra-uterine growth restriction, prematurity, congenital anomalies, and neonatal death)of 82 elderly primigravidae (study group) was compared to 164 younger primigravida (control group) delivered during the period of study. The Chi Square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used for statistical analysis and p value of <0.05 was taken as level of significance. Results: During the study period, there were 15,012 deliveries and 82 of these were elderly primigravidae giving an incidence of 0.55%. The mean age of the elderly primigravidae was 36.8±2.16 years. The study group had more antepartum complications with preterm labor, diabetes in pregnancy, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and polyhydramnios (p<0.05). Seventy-one elderly primigravidae were delivered by caesarean section, the commonest indication being maternal request. The study group had higher incidence of post-partum hemorrhage but no perinatal mortality of significant proportion. Conclusion: Maternal age at the first pregnancy influences pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Hence, elderly primigravidae should be considered as high risk and followed up accordingly.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world has been chained with Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic today. It has affected more than 200 countries in just about a few months since December 2019. The virus has engulfed the world at a momentum never seen before. Considering the chances of disease being spread through asymptomatic transmission, social distancing has become a norm. This has brought a huge shift in how we live, work or interact with each other. It is feared that after the pandemic is over, the world would suffer a period of economic loss, as huge as the greatest depression of the 1930s or even more. With the world making medievalinventions and science doing wonders, we seem helpless to fight this pandemic. It has also drawn usto a realization that pandemic response cannot be extemporaneous.
{"title":"Threat of Dengue Outbreak in Nepal in Context of COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"P. Koirala, D. Tamrakar","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.365","url":null,"abstract":"The world has been chained with Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic today. It has affected more than 200 countries in just about a few months since December 2019. The virus has engulfed the world at a momentum never seen before. Considering the chances of disease being spread through asymptomatic transmission, social distancing has become a norm. This has brought a huge shift in how we live, work or interact with each other. It is feared that after the pandemic is over, the world would suffer a period of economic loss, as huge as the greatest depression of the 1930s or even more. With the world making medievalinventions and science doing wonders, we seem helpless to fight this pandemic. It has also drawn usto a realization that pandemic response cannot be extemporaneous.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"169-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49130987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Start of the pandemicAt the end of February, I was undertaking a mini fellowship on Trans-anal Total Meso-rectal Excision (TaTME) in Switzerland. The number of cases infected with corona virus disease (COVID-19) and deaths were rising exponentially in Italy. As the virus hit the UK, I was still able to complete ‘Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) for trainees’ course at the deanery office at Fulbourn, Cambridge on the 13th of March 2020. Effect on personal life - self isolationI had operating list on the 17th of March where an 81-year-old male having laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for cancer was listed. This patient was readmitted a week after being discharged from the hospital with collapse and it had become apparent that he acquired COVID-19 in the surgical ward. Fortunately, he recovered from this and remains well till date. The same day, my son had fever with some cough. I needed to self- isolate according to UK government guideline for two weeks as there was no facility for testing whether my son had contracted coronavirus or not. There were a lot of problems in getting food from the supermarket on the way back home as the shelves were empty, online food order was impossible but somehow, we managed with ourfriends delivering food for us at our front door.
{"title":"COVID-19 in the UK- Experience from The Frontline","authors":"K. Aryal","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.372","url":null,"abstract":"Start of the pandemicAt the end of February, I was undertaking a mini fellowship on Trans-anal Total Meso-rectal Excision (TaTME) in Switzerland. The number of cases infected with corona virus disease (COVID-19) and deaths were rising exponentially in Italy. As the virus hit the UK, I was still able to complete ‘Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) for trainees’ course at the deanery office at Fulbourn, Cambridge on the 13th of March 2020. \u0000Effect on personal life - self isolationI had operating list on the 17th of March where an 81-year-old male having laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for cancer was listed. This patient was readmitted a week after being discharged from the hospital with collapse and it had become apparent that he acquired COVID-19 in the surgical ward. Fortunately, he recovered from this and remains well till date. The same day, my son had fever with some cough. I needed to self- isolate according to UK government guideline for two weeks as there was no facility for testing whether my son had contracted coronavirus or not. There were a lot of problems in getting food from the supermarket on the way back home as the shelves were empty, online food order was impossible but somehow, we managed with ourfriends delivering food for us at our front door.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"166-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: As medicine is an ever-changing field, it necessitates medical students to develop independent learning skills for continuous learning process. Self-directed learning (SDL) is a learning strategy where students take the initiative to learn on their own. It is basically an independent study where the students use available resources and learn independently of the subject. Methods: This self-administered questionnaire study assessed five domains of SDL consisting of 60 items. The responses were made on a five-point Likert scale: from 5 = always to 1 = never. The level of self-directed learning was categorized as high, moderate and low if the scoring range was between 221-300, 141-220 or 60-140 respectively. Any student scoring in the range between 221 and 300 was considered an effective self- directed learner. Results: The present study found three out of four the students (74.7%, n=56) were active self-directed learners. However, one out of four students were half-way in becoming self-directed learners. Conclusion: SDL skill is crucial not only for the students but also for the clinicians in a complex learning process for continuous advancement of knowledge in medical profession. The findings of the present study showed that majority of the students were effective self-directed learners. The effectiveness of SDL process can be accomplished if the students are encouraged and motivated during Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions. Identifying the factors that spark interest amongst the students to learn on their own can be achieved by active feedback sessions.
{"title":"Self-rating on Self-directed Learning: A Cross- Sectional Survey on a Cohort of Medical Undergraduates from Nepal.","authors":"A. Atreya, S. Nepal, J. Acharya","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.319","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As medicine is an ever-changing field, it necessitates medical students to develop independent learning skills for continuous learning process. Self-directed learning (SDL) is a learning strategy where students take the initiative to learn on their own. It is basically an independent study where the students use available resources and learn independently of the subject. Methods: This self-administered questionnaire study assessed five domains of SDL consisting of 60 items. The responses were made on a five-point Likert scale: from 5 = always to 1 = never. The level of self-directed learning was categorized as high, moderate and low if the scoring range was between 221-300, 141-220 or 60-140 respectively. Any student scoring in the range between 221 and 300 was considered an effective self- directed learner. Results: The present study found three out of four the students (74.7%, n=56) were active self-directed learners. However, one out of four students were half-way in becoming self-directed learners. Conclusion: SDL skill is crucial not only for the students but also for the clinicians in a complex learning process for continuous advancement of knowledge in medical profession. The findings of the present study showed that majority of the students were effective self-directed learners. The effectiveness of SDL process can be accomplished if the students are encouraged and motivated during Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions. Identifying the factors that spark interest amongst the students to learn on their own can be achieved by active feedback sessions.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Government of Nepal (GoN) imposed a nationwide lockdown on 24th March, 2020 with an effort to limit the spread of novel corona virus which is responsible for corona virus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 Nepal: Preparedness and Response Plan (NPRP) was implicated on April 2020 which stated Sukraraj Infectious and Tropical Disease Hospital (STIDH) in the capital, Kathmandu has been designated by the GoN as the primary hospital along with Patan Hospital and the Armed Police Forces Hospital in the Kathmandu Valley. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) had requested the 25 hub and satellite hospital networks across the country; designated for managing mass casualty events; to be ready with infection prevention and control measures, and critical care beds where available. Hospitals with less than 50 beds viz community-based municipality hospitals were left feeble against the surge of the pandemic. Waiting for the aid and support from government was the only option for some hospitals that lacked resources to combat this invisible culprit of global pandemic. However, Nepal Korea Friendship Municipality Hospital (NKFMH) located in Thimi, Bhaktapur determined itself to fight against this pandemic withlimited resources. This hospital not only serves the local community but also patients coming from all over Province 3 due to government insurance facilities provided by this hospital. With interaction and support from the Hospital Director, Mayor of the municipality, Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Bhaktapur Red Cross, Hospital board, Hospital Staffs, Medical Team, Adminstration, Interpid and locals in the community prompt preparedness action plan was formulated through various meeting at different levels and acted upon.
{"title":"Preparedness of Community Hospital Against COVID-19","authors":"Ijendra Prajapati, G. Kayastha","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.360","url":null,"abstract":"Government of Nepal (GoN) imposed a nationwide lockdown on 24th March, 2020 with an effort to limit the spread of novel corona virus which is responsible for corona virus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 Nepal: Preparedness and Response Plan (NPRP) was implicated on April 2020 which stated Sukraraj Infectious and Tropical Disease Hospital (STIDH) in the capital, Kathmandu has been designated by the GoN as the primary hospital along with Patan Hospital and the Armed Police Forces Hospital in the Kathmandu Valley. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) had requested the 25 hub and satellite hospital networks across the country; designated for managing mass casualty events; to be ready with infection prevention and control measures, and critical care beds where available. \u0000Hospitals with less than 50 beds viz community-based municipality hospitals were left feeble against the surge of the pandemic. Waiting for the aid and support from government was the only option for some hospitals that lacked resources to combat this invisible culprit of global pandemic. However, Nepal Korea Friendship Municipality Hospital (NKFMH) located in Thimi, Bhaktapur determined itself to fight against this pandemic withlimited resources. This hospital not only serves the local community but also patients coming from all over Province 3 due to government insurance facilities provided by this hospital. With interaction and support from the Hospital Director, Mayor of the municipality, Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Bhaktapur Red Cross, Hospital board, Hospital Staffs, Medical Team, Adminstration, Interpid and locals in the community prompt preparedness action plan was formulated through various meeting at different levels and acted upon.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"161-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the science that deals with the study of dermal ridge patterns on the digits, palms and soles as a whole. The present study is based on fingerprints related with the dermatoglyphic patterns of digits of hands. Apart from individual identification in institutions, it is also useful in forensic investigations to identify the criminals or dead bodies in accidental cases. This study aimed to find out the fingerprint patterns in right and left hands of undergraduate medical students. Methods: The study was performed in 200 students (97 males and 103 females) from first and second years of MBBS and B.Sc. nursing streams. The fingerprints were collected individually by pressing each of the finger tips on the stamp pad and then pressing it on A4 sized plain paper until the best finger print was observed. Results: Out of 2000 fingerprints, 1218(60.9%) were loops, 581 (29.05%) were whorls, 134(6.7%) were arches, and 67(3.35%) were composites. In males, there were 620 loops, 226 whorls, 98 arches and 26 composites whereas 602 loops, 351 whorls, 36 arches and 41 composites were found in females. Conclusion:The loop patterns were more common than other fingerprint patterns. Comparatively arches and loops were more common in males and whorls and composites in female.
{"title":"Dermatoglyphic Patterns Among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Chandan Sintakala, P. Manandhar, N. Pandey","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.315","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the science that deals with the study of dermal ridge patterns on the digits, palms and soles as a whole. The present study is based on fingerprints related with the dermatoglyphic patterns of digits of hands. Apart from individual identification in institutions, it is also useful in forensic investigations to identify the criminals or dead bodies in accidental cases. This study aimed to find out the fingerprint patterns in right and left hands of undergraduate medical students. Methods: The study was performed in 200 students (97 males and 103 females) from first and second years of MBBS and B.Sc. nursing streams. The fingerprints were collected individually by pressing each of the finger tips on the stamp pad and then pressing it on A4 sized plain paper until the best finger print was observed. Results: Out of 2000 fingerprints, 1218(60.9%) were loops, 581 (29.05%) were whorls, 134(6.7%) were arches, and 67(3.35%) were composites. In males, there were 620 loops, 226 whorls, 98 arches and 26 composites whereas 602 loops, 351 whorls, 36 arches and 41 composites were found in females. Conclusion:The loop patterns were more common than other fingerprint patterns. Comparatively arches and loops were more common in males and whorls and composites in female.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) drugs are not being developed at the pace in which the disease is spreading throughout the world. WHO and its partners have announced the worldwide clinical trial on 18th March 2020, known as “Solidarity Trial” for greater co-ordination of developments of drugs. “Solidarity Trialis an international clinical trial to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19”. The trial is randomized, open-label and adaptive. This trial will analyze four treatment options against standard of care, after recruiting patients from various countries, and then will approach to their relative effectiveness against the disease. The aim of this trial is to rapidly explore if any of the administered drugs will slow progression of disease or improve survival. The rationale of conducting “Solidarity Trial” is to reduce time taken by the trials. Randomized clinical trials generally take years to conduct, while, “Solidarity Trial” will reduce the duration by 80%. By enrolling patients from around the world, this trial might be able to provide result more rapidly than multiple small trials. Moreover, those small multiple trials will not be able to gather solid evidence required to determine the relative effectiveness of given unproven drugs.
{"title":"“Solidarity Trial”: A Feeling of Trust Towards COVID-19 Treatments","authors":"Naresh Karki","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.335","url":null,"abstract":"Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) drugs are not being developed at the pace in which the disease is spreading throughout the world. WHO and its partners have announced the worldwide clinical trial on 18th March 2020, known as “Solidarity Trial” for greater co-ordination of developments of drugs. “Solidarity Trialis an international clinical trial to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19”. The trial is randomized, open-label and adaptive. This trial will analyze four treatment options against standard of care, after recruiting patients from various countries, and then will approach to their relative effectiveness against the disease. The aim of this trial is to rapidly explore if any of the administered drugs will slow progression of disease or improve survival. \u0000The rationale of conducting “Solidarity Trial” is to reduce time taken by the trials. Randomized clinical trials generally take years to conduct, while, “Solidarity Trial” will reduce the duration by 80%. By enrolling patients from around the world, this trial might be able to provide result more rapidly than multiple small trials. Moreover, those small multiple trials will not be able to gather solid evidence required to determine the relative effectiveness of given unproven drugs.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"164-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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