Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) virus made its first appearance in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread like a wild fire across the globe with over five million corona virus disease (COVID-19) confirmed cases and almost three hundred fifty thousand deaths at the time of writing this article. This could however be only the tip of the iceberg considering the contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the rate at which it is spreading across the globe. China did well to contain the virus with strict lockdown measures, sealing the affected areas, active case finding, tracing, tracking and treating the COVID-19 cases at an astonishing speed. In the absence of specific treatment available as yet, treatment consists of mainly symptomatic management with some experimental medications. Antivirals, specifically Remdesivir has been a strong candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it has yet to receive universal acceptance for the treatment of COVID-19. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine seem to be effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. COVID-19 is highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least prevalent and least pandemic in countries where malaria is highly prevalent. These findings suggest the hypothesis that anti-malarial drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Coping with COVID-19","authors":"B. Nepal","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.355","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) virus made its first appearance in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread like a wild fire across the globe with over five million corona virus disease (COVID-19) confirmed cases and almost three hundred fifty thousand deaths at the time of writing this article. This could however be only the tip of the iceberg considering the contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the rate at which it is spreading across the globe. China did well to contain the virus with strict lockdown measures, sealing the affected areas, active case finding, tracing, tracking and treating the COVID-19 cases at an astonishing speed. In the absence of specific treatment available as yet, treatment consists of mainly symptomatic management with some experimental medications. Antivirals, specifically Remdesivir has been a strong candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it has yet to receive universal acceptance for the treatment of COVID-19. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine seem to be effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. COVID-19 is highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least prevalent and least pandemic in countries where malaria is highly prevalent. These findings suggest the hypothesis that anti-malarial drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Have you ever felt stuck? Or rather unmotivated and unsatisfied at your work? Maybe you do not feel like being a doctor anymore, but the fear of what will you do after; scares you more. Or maybe, you do wish to continue your medical practices but feel rather tired and let down at most times. In either scenario, you are not alone.Several healthcare workers feel underappreciated and suffer from lack of enthusiasm for work, feelings of cynicism towards life and low sense of personal accomplishment, in short, they feel “Burnt out”. Burnout is on the rise in medical fraternity. Established professionals, residents in training, to young medical school trainees beginning their careers in medicine, none can escape from the brunt of burnout. Long working hours and increasing burden of bureaucratic tasks make the medical profession a tedious one. Continued exposure to human suffering and death introduces cynicism towards life and its purpose. Constant need to becompassionate to patients and their family members require immense mental and emotional fortitude.However, with an increase in violence against the medical fraternity,[5] a typical doctor begins to question the sanctity of the profession and feels unappreciated.
{"title":"Healthcare Workers and Burnout During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"P. Upadhyay","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.380","url":null,"abstract":"Have you ever felt stuck? Or rather unmotivated and unsatisfied at your work? Maybe you do not feel like being a doctor anymore, but the fear of what will you do after; scares you more. Or maybe, you do wish to continue your medical practices but feel rather tired and let down at most times. In either scenario, you are not alone.Several healthcare workers feel underappreciated and suffer from lack of enthusiasm for work, feelings of cynicism towards life and low sense of personal accomplishment, in short, they feel “Burnt out”. \u0000Burnout is on the rise in medical fraternity. Established professionals, residents in training, to young medical school trainees beginning their careers in medicine, none can escape from the brunt of burnout. Long working hours and increasing burden of bureaucratic tasks make the medical profession a tedious one. Continued exposure to human suffering and death introduces cynicism towards life and its purpose. Constant need to becompassionate to patients and their family members require immense mental and emotional fortitude.However, with an increase in violence against the medical fraternity,[5] a typical doctor begins to question the sanctity of the profession and feels unappreciated.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"178-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two months have already passed since the declaration of countrywide lockdown on last week of March 2020. The number of corona virus disease (COVID-19) infected cases are gradually increasing in Nepal till date. With a steady increase of COVID-19 cases the burden of planning and preparedness is also getting bigger. Outpatientdepartments (OPDs) were closed for the first few weeks and all patients visiting the hospital were screened at fever clinic established at the hospital entry point. Suspected COVID-19 cases were then quarantined at special COVID-19 isolation ward using a different route. Those patients whose history excluded the suspicion of COVID-19 were then allowed to proceed to Emergency Department (ED).
{"title":"Planning, Preparedness and Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences from Emergency Department","authors":"Rabin Bom","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.345","url":null,"abstract":"Two months have already passed since the declaration of countrywide lockdown on last week of March 2020. The number of corona virus disease (COVID-19) infected cases are gradually increasing in Nepal till date. With a steady increase of COVID-19 cases the burden of planning and preparedness is also getting bigger. Outpatientdepartments (OPDs) were closed for the first few weeks and all patients visiting the hospital were screened at fever clinic established at the hospital entry point. Suspected COVID-19 cases were then quarantined at special COVID-19 isolation ward using a different route. Those patients whose history excluded the suspicion of COVID-19 were then allowed to proceed to Emergency Department (ED).","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"145-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45676279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Corona Virus Disease -19 (COVID-19) is a novel virus and hence humans do not have any prior immunity to it. Every human being is susceptible to this viral infection and rapid spread worldwide made WHO declare it as a global pandemic. Cancer patients are even more vulnerable not only because they are immunocompromised by the disease process itself, but also due to potential effect of chemotherapy, radiotherapy along with substantial effect on their timing of treatment. Patients older than 65 years, and those with preexisting co-morbidities are considered more atrisk. Considering the increased chances of intensive care unit admission, need of mechanical ventilation and possible mortality, all cancer patients should be educated about preventive measures, personal protection, social distancing and isolation. Another possible impact of COVID-19 could be delays in initial evaluation, diagnosis and initiation of actual treatment which are independent risk factors for cancer related mortality. This is due to limited services provided at the health care facilities, lockdown effects, fear of being infectedand economic crisis.
{"title":"Gynecological Oncology Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic: What We Should Know","authors":"S. Kayastha","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.357","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Corona Virus Disease -19 (COVID-19) is a novel virus and hence humans do not have any prior immunity to it. Every human being is susceptible to this viral infection and rapid spread worldwide made WHO declare it as a global pandemic. Cancer patients are even more vulnerable not only because they are immunocompromised by the disease process itself, but also due to potential effect of chemotherapy, radiotherapy along with substantial effect on their timing of treatment. Patients older than 65 years, and those with preexisting co-morbidities are considered more atrisk. Considering the increased chances of intensive care unit admission, need of mechanical ventilation and possible mortality, all cancer patients should be educated about preventive measures, personal protection, social distancing and isolation. Another possible impact of COVID-19 could be delays in initial evaluation, diagnosis and initiation of actual treatment which are independent risk factors for cancer related mortality. This is due to limited services provided at the health care facilities, lockdown effects, fear of being infectedand economic crisis.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"142-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are undergoing crisis for humanity with corona virus disease (COVID-19) causing extensive damage to life and its aspects. Moreover we do not know how this will unfold in near future. All the academic classes are suspended during nationwide lockdown to alleviate the propagation. It is high time to rethink ways to deliver quality medical education under restriction of social isolation and absenteeism in real time teachings and discussions. We propose, based upon our experiences, replacement of didactic gross anatomy dissection with handmade dissection videos and its implications. It has its own challenges which could be overcome with planned directives based upon current experience. What is the magnitude of the problem?In this gloomy environment of forced absenteeism, reluctance in study plans and procrastination requirescounseling for emphasizing the importance of tight declining schedule and benefits of timely curriculumfor covering huge syllabus. Traditional methods of face-to-face educational didactics, lectures and chalk talks has been compromised like no other time in past. Use of education technology at a mass scale for economically deprived countries, limited availability of techno friendly medical educators and adaptation of student to newer teaching techniques was already restrained in pre-pandemic time. Also, the alignment of new teaching format with amount of content and duration of topic coverage, necessary and safe enough to train for effective practice of problem-based learning warrants reorganizing available resources. From student’s perspective,accommodation and fooding concerns in lockdown, poor internet access with intermittent disconnection,lack of high-end laptops and absenteeism are major concerns, which precluded us from live streaming ofgross anatomy dissection. Also, it is to be ensured that changes in teaching style have positive impacton amount and depth of concerned knowledge.
{"title":"Disruption of Anatomy Dissection Practical in COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Problems and Solutions","authors":"Nidhi Gupta, S. Pandey","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.350","url":null,"abstract":"We are undergoing crisis for humanity with corona virus disease (COVID-19) causing extensive damage to life and its aspects. Moreover we do not know how this will unfold in near future. All the academic classes are suspended during nationwide lockdown to alleviate the propagation. It is high time to rethink ways to deliver quality medical education under restriction of social isolation and absenteeism in real time teachings and discussions. We propose, based upon our experiences, replacement of didactic gross anatomy dissection with handmade dissection videos and its implications. It has its own challenges which could be overcome with planned directives based upon current experience. \u0000What is the magnitude of the problem?In this gloomy environment of forced absenteeism, reluctance in study plans and procrastination requirescounseling for emphasizing the importance of tight declining schedule and benefits of timely curriculumfor covering huge syllabus. Traditional methods of face-to-face educational didactics, lectures and chalk talks has been compromised like no other time in past. Use of education technology at a mass scale for economically deprived countries, limited availability of techno friendly medical educators and adaptation of student to newer teaching techniques was already restrained in pre-pandemic time. Also, the alignment of new teaching format with amount of content and duration of topic coverage, necessary and safe enough to train for effective practice of problem-based learning warrants reorganizing available resources. From student’s perspective,accommodation and fooding concerns in lockdown, poor internet access with intermittent disconnection,lack of high-end laptops and absenteeism are major concerns, which precluded us from live streaming ofgross anatomy dissection. Also, it is to be ensured that changes in teaching style have positive impacton amount and depth of concerned knowledge.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"135-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47041069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a new beginning. It started just like a fiction movie.In December 2019, a new cluster of pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first identified in Wuhan, China. Without any mercy, it became a pandemic and left no time for grief. It was not only life-threatening but also challenged our healthcare system, economy, culture, lifestyle and belief. It forced us to make changes. We need to evolve, and we must evolve. Malaysia, a multi-ethnicity and multireligiouscountry which is located in Southeast Asia, has a population of 32 million with a median age of 28.9 years in 2019. According to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, Malaysia has experienced rapid globalization and is the 19th leading exporter in the world. It is an upper-middle-income country with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 370 billion USD in 2019, of which 4.5% is funded to the healthcare system.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: An Unseen’s Evolution War","authors":"Qu Song, Michelle Jia Ni Ling","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.354","url":null,"abstract":"This is a new beginning. It started just like a fiction movie.In December 2019, a new cluster of pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first identified in Wuhan, China. Without any mercy, it became a pandemic and left no time for grief. It was not only life-threatening but also challenged our healthcare system, economy, culture, lifestyle and belief. It forced us to make changes. We need to evolve, and we must evolve. Malaysia, a multi-ethnicity and multireligiouscountry which is located in Southeast Asia, has a population of 32 million with a median age of 28.9 years in 2019. According to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, Malaysia has experienced rapid globalization and is the 19th leading exporter in the world. It is an upper-middle-income country with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 370 billion USD in 2019, of which 4.5% is funded to the healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first infected case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) in Nepal was diagnosed on 23 January, 2020 which was also the first recorded case in South Asia, but after confirmation of subsequent cases on March 23 and 24, the entire nation was put under lock down. Between January and March, the government took preventive measures by upgrading health infrastructure, setting up health desks atimportant public spaces like airports, spreading public awareness through various means, sealing off of international borders. Initially, our optimism stemmed from the slow rise in cases compared to our neighbors which delivered hope that things will be back on track soon. But with consistently escalating infection rates it was clear that we are as vulnerable to this as any other nation. For us, it reflected in thinning out of emergency and urgent cases. This was sure to have a significant impact on patients’ lives. On one hand, owing to confinement measures, to avail specialty services was becoming a challenge for them, especially those from remote, rural areas where transportation even if desired is accessible on select occasions. On the other, phobiaof coronavirus led patients to defer going to distant tertiary hospital as far as possible.
{"title":"Vascular Surgery in COVID-19 Period and Beyond: Acknowledging the New Normal","authors":"Krishnaprasad Bashyal, K. Shrestha","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.358","url":null,"abstract":"The first infected case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) in Nepal was diagnosed on 23 January, 2020 which was also the first recorded case in South Asia, but after confirmation of subsequent cases on March 23 and 24, the entire nation was put under lock down. Between January and March, the government took preventive measures by upgrading health infrastructure, setting up health desks atimportant public spaces like airports, spreading public awareness through various means, sealing off of international borders. Initially, our optimism stemmed from the slow rise in cases compared to our neighbors which delivered hope that things will be back on track soon. But with consistently escalating infection rates it was clear that we are as vulnerable to this as any other nation. For us, it reflected in thinning out of emergency and urgent cases. This was sure to have a significant impact on patients’ lives. On one hand, owing to confinement measures, to avail specialty services was becoming a challenge for them, especially those from remote, rural areas where transportation even if desired is accessible on select occasions. On the other, phobiaof coronavirus led patients to defer going to distant tertiary hospital as far as possible.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"133-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than four months have already elapsed after the world first encountered Coronavirus claimed to originate from Wuhan, China. Scientifically, termed sudden acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), that causes Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), this deadly pathogen has already claimed about 2.83 lakhs casualties with four million infected and 1.5 million recovered as of 11 May 2020. Different preventive measures like hand washing, social distancing, nation-wide lock down from March 23 have been practised inNepal which has definitely dwindled the number of positive cases. they have helped flatten the curve and procure time for preparation for forthcoming disaster. Total documented positive cases have been 120 till date (11 May 2020) with zero mortality in Nepal. However, the scenario might be out of control in coming days where claims of inadequate testing due to lack of diagnostic kits have been a major issue. Whatever be the outcome in upcoming days, for an economically poor country like Nepal, preparation seems satisfactory despite challenges to outsourcing the necessary kits like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machines etc.
{"title":"Jugaad Culture Amidst COVID-19: A Time to Step Up for Innovation in Low-Income Countries.","authors":"S. Baral","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.339","url":null,"abstract":"More than four months have already elapsed after the world first encountered Coronavirus claimed to originate from Wuhan, China. Scientifically, termed sudden acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), that causes Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), this deadly pathogen has already claimed about 2.83 lakhs casualties with four million infected and 1.5 million recovered as of 11 May 2020. Different preventive measures like hand washing, social distancing, nation-wide lock down from March 23 have been practised inNepal which has definitely dwindled the number of positive cases. they have helped flatten the curve and procure time for preparation for forthcoming disaster. Total documented positive cases have been 120 till date (11 May 2020) with zero mortality in Nepal. However, the scenario might be out of control in coming days where claims of inadequate testing due to lack of diagnostic kits have been a major issue. Whatever be the outcome in upcoming days, for an economically poor country like Nepal, preparation seems satisfactory despite challenges to outsourcing the necessary kits like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machines etc.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"130-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Height is important for determination of basic energy requirement, standardization and identification. It is also useful for measuring physical capacity and adjusting drug dosages. Sometimes the exact height cannot be determined directly because the patient is unable to stand as a result of neuromuscular weakness, deformities of axial skeleton, loss of lower limbs and in case of amputation. Forensic investigations of skeletal remains also face the problems. Under such circumstances, height can be estimated by hand dimensions.Methods: Hand dimensions and height were measured on 239 medical students in the Department of Anatomy using standard instruments. Among them 120 were females and 119 were males. Correlation between height and hand dimensions was studied. Regression equation was derived for estimation of height from hand dimensions. Results: The correlations between height and hand dimension were statistically significant in both genders (p<0.05). The Pearson correlation between height and hand length was 0.616 and between height and hand breadth was 0.353 in males. Those coefficients for females were 0.706 and 0.198 respectively. Regression equations were formulated for height with hand length in males and females. Conclusion: Height can be predicted from hand length. Hand length showed moderate (males) to strong (females) positive correlation with statistical significance whereas hand breadth showed weak positive correlation with statistical significance.
{"title":"Anthropometric Measurement of Hand Dimension and Their Correlation with Height in Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Nepal","authors":"Subina Shrestha, S. Kc","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.301","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Height is important for determination of basic energy requirement, standardization and identification. It is also useful for measuring physical capacity and adjusting drug dosages. Sometimes the exact height cannot be determined directly because the patient is unable to stand as a result of neuromuscular weakness, deformities of axial skeleton, loss of lower limbs and in case of amputation. Forensic investigations of skeletal remains also face the problems. Under such circumstances, height can be estimated by hand dimensions.Methods: Hand dimensions and height were measured on 239 medical students in the Department of Anatomy using standard instruments. Among them 120 were females and 119 were males. Correlation between height and hand dimensions was studied. Regression equation was derived for estimation of height from hand dimensions. Results: The correlations between height and hand dimension were statistically significant in both genders (p<0.05). The Pearson correlation between height and hand length was 0.616 and between height and hand breadth was 0.353 in males. Those coefficients for females were 0.706 and 0.198 respectively. Regression equations were formulated for height with hand length in males and females. Conclusion: Height can be predicted from hand length. Hand length showed moderate (males) to strong (females) positive correlation with statistical significance whereas hand breadth showed weak positive correlation with statistical significance.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) has been one of the successful ongoing maternal health programs in Nepal. It is the major reason for Nepal being able to reduce its Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) significantly falling from 539 to 281 deaths per 100000 live births over the decades. SMP has nine components out of which three components mainly deal with pregnancy and puerperium; birth preparedness plan, rural ultrasound program and the “Aama and New born Program”. The latter one is one of the key components of SMP which includes incentives, free delivery services and free sick newborn care. Financial incentives are provided for transport and completion of four antenatal visits, and for health care workers attending deliveries. However, with the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this program might not be enough to ascertain a safe motherhood for Nepalese women. This program aims to reduce the three delays leading to maternal morbidity and mortality namely, delay in reaching care, seeking care and receiving care. But with a nationwide lockdown, the chances of these delays have increased even more.
{"title":"Motherhood in Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Heading from Safe to Unsafe?","authors":"S. Aryal, D. Shrestha","doi":"10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22502/JLMC.V8I1.351","url":null,"abstract":"Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) has been one of the successful ongoing maternal health programs in Nepal. It is the major reason for Nepal being able to reduce its Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) significantly falling from 539 to 281 deaths per 100000 live births over the decades. SMP has nine components out of which three components mainly deal with pregnancy and puerperium; birth preparedness plan, rural ultrasound program and the “Aama and New born Program”. The latter one is one of the key components of SMP which includes incentives, free delivery services and free sick newborn care. Financial incentives are provided for transport and completion of four antenatal visits, and for health care workers attending deliveries. However, with the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this program might not be enough to ascertain a safe motherhood for Nepalese women. This program aims to reduce the three delays leading to maternal morbidity and mortality namely, delay in reaching care, seeking care and receiving care. But with a nationwide lockdown, the chances of these delays have increased even more.","PeriodicalId":16109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lumbini Medical College","volume":"8 1","pages":"128-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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