Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232882
P. Singh, Iman Chatterjee, R. Sarkar
Automatic identification of scripts, an imperative research problem during the last few decades, has posed many challenges in any multi-script environment. As India is a multilingual country, therefore, text documents containing more than one language are very familiar phenomenon here. But to digitize these multi-lingual documents using any Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine, first it is required to recognize the scripts used to write the same. In this paper, a page-level script identification technique for eight popular handwritten scripts namely, Bangla, Devanagari, Gurumukhi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu along with Roman has been proposed. To start with, Modified log-Gabor filters based texture features are designed from each of the document pages. Then the proposed model is evaluated using multiple classifiers and based on their identification accuracies, it is found that Simple Logistic performs the best. Outcome of the present experiment reveals the usefulness of the Modified log-Gabor filters based features in recognition of handwritten Indic scripts. A total of 240 document pages is used to carry out the present experiment and it yields 95.57% accuracy in identifying the scripts of the documents. Even if the proposed method is assessed on limited dataset, but considering the intricacies of the scripts, the outcome can be assumed reasonably acceptable.
{"title":"Page-level handwritten script identification using modified log-Gabor filter based features","authors":"P. Singh, Iman Chatterjee, R. Sarkar","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232882","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic identification of scripts, an imperative research problem during the last few decades, has posed many challenges in any multi-script environment. As India is a multilingual country, therefore, text documents containing more than one language are very familiar phenomenon here. But to digitize these multi-lingual documents using any Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine, first it is required to recognize the scripts used to write the same. In this paper, a page-level script identification technique for eight popular handwritten scripts namely, Bangla, Devanagari, Gurumukhi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu along with Roman has been proposed. To start with, Modified log-Gabor filters based texture features are designed from each of the document pages. Then the proposed model is evaluated using multiple classifiers and based on their identification accuracies, it is found that Simple Logistic performs the best. Outcome of the present experiment reveals the usefulness of the Modified log-Gabor filters based features in recognition of handwritten Indic scripts. A total of 240 document pages is used to carry out the present experiment and it yields 95.57% accuracy in identifying the scripts of the documents. Even if the proposed method is assessed on limited dataset, but considering the intricacies of the scripts, the outcome can be assumed reasonably acceptable.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125312531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232920
Shahid Malik, K. Kishore, D. Sharma, Maneesh Maharana, S. A. Akbar, T. Islam
In this paper, we propose a current-mode based solution suitable for triangular/square wave generator using second generation current conveyor. The proposed oscillator, which utilizes two second generation current conveyor (CCII) as active elements, three resistors and a capacitor, is based on resistance-capacitance (RC) cell and found to be effective alternate of voltage-mode based oscillators. Experimental results were obtained by implementing the proposed circuit using commercially available CCII (AD844) and passive components. Simulation and experimental results have confirmed the theoretical expectations, showing good linearity in wide oscillation frequency range. The sensitivity and operating frequency of the proposed oscillator can be adjusted using passive components. The proposed configuration finds useful applications in wide range capacitive/resistive sensor front end.
{"title":"A CCII-based wide frequency range square/triangular wave generator","authors":"Shahid Malik, K. Kishore, D. Sharma, Maneesh Maharana, S. A. Akbar, T. Islam","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232920","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a current-mode based solution suitable for triangular/square wave generator using second generation current conveyor. The proposed oscillator, which utilizes two second generation current conveyor (CCII) as active elements, three resistors and a capacitor, is based on resistance-capacitance (RC) cell and found to be effective alternate of voltage-mode based oscillators. Experimental results were obtained by implementing the proposed circuit using commercially available CCII (AD844) and passive components. Simulation and experimental results have confirmed the theoretical expectations, showing good linearity in wide oscillation frequency range. The sensitivity and operating frequency of the proposed oscillator can be adjusted using passive components. The proposed configuration finds useful applications in wide range capacitive/resistive sensor front end.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"2 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232857
A. Bhattacharya, R. Jyoti
In this paper the design of an X-band frequency reconfigurable patch antenna has been demonstrated using PIN diode. A square slot has been introduced in order to realize PIN diode effect in antenna parameters. The tuning of frequency is realized by changing its effective electrical length, which is controlled by different mode of the PIN diode by applying different bias voltages across it along the slot of the antenna. An annular slot rectangular patch antenna is used and a gap of 2mm is used to attach PIN diode. When the PIN diode is forward biased i.e gap is closed by PIN diode and current will flow along the outer ring. ±60 MHz (1.34 %) tuning of frequency has been obtained by applying the bias voltage of 3 volt. The structure has been simulated in ADS software. Simulated and measured performances are presented. Results are used to demonstrate that there is good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The match between simulation and measured results suggests that proposed candidate can be used as a frequency reconfigurable antenna.
{"title":"Frequency reconfigurable patch antenna using PIN diode at X-band","authors":"A. Bhattacharya, R. Jyoti","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232857","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the design of an X-band frequency reconfigurable patch antenna has been demonstrated using PIN diode. A square slot has been introduced in order to realize PIN diode effect in antenna parameters. The tuning of frequency is realized by changing its effective electrical length, which is controlled by different mode of the PIN diode by applying different bias voltages across it along the slot of the antenna. An annular slot rectangular patch antenna is used and a gap of 2mm is used to attach PIN diode. When the PIN diode is forward biased i.e gap is closed by PIN diode and current will flow along the outer ring. ±60 MHz (1.34 %) tuning of frequency has been obtained by applying the bias voltage of 3 volt. The structure has been simulated in ADS software. Simulated and measured performances are presented. Results are used to demonstrate that there is good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The match between simulation and measured results suggests that proposed candidate can be used as a frequency reconfigurable antenna.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232873
Saheli Ghosh, S. Das, R. Paul, A. Chakrabarti
Security has always been the toughest challenge in data communication, at the same time it is the biggest necessity in transmitting confidential data. Sensitive data are often at stake when they are deployed in a network. Embedded system design is a very popular research activity as it has a wide range of applications namely, security and surveillance, personal digital assistant, biomedical systems, mobile and pervasive communication gadgets, along with its huge speed compared to very popular software designs. Most of the embedded system applications involve data communication between multiple parties. To add to it, sensor technology requires physically secured systems, which can be dealt with cryptographic and hashing algorithms. However, a parallel implementation of Encryption and Hashing algorithm will cost the efficiency and performance speed of the system. To overcome the shortcomings a multi-core system, capable of parallely executing authentication and encryption is proposed. In this proposal a encryption algorithm and a hash algorithm are placed into two ARM cortex processor of ZYNQ 7020-clg484 FPGA board using ISE 14.4 design suite. The true parallel execution of both algorithms increases system throughput. The soft core IPs(RS232 and Ethernet) are placed in FPGA region to handle realtime data.
{"title":"Multicore encryption and authentication on a reconfigurable hardware","authors":"Saheli Ghosh, S. Das, R. Paul, A. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232873","url":null,"abstract":"Security has always been the toughest challenge in data communication, at the same time it is the biggest necessity in transmitting confidential data. Sensitive data are often at stake when they are deployed in a network. Embedded system design is a very popular research activity as it has a wide range of applications namely, security and surveillance, personal digital assistant, biomedical systems, mobile and pervasive communication gadgets, along with its huge speed compared to very popular software designs. Most of the embedded system applications involve data communication between multiple parties. To add to it, sensor technology requires physically secured systems, which can be dealt with cryptographic and hashing algorithms. However, a parallel implementation of Encryption and Hashing algorithm will cost the efficiency and performance speed of the system. To overcome the shortcomings a multi-core system, capable of parallely executing authentication and encryption is proposed. In this proposal a encryption algorithm and a hash algorithm are placed into two ARM cortex processor of ZYNQ 7020-clg484 FPGA board using ISE 14.4 design suite. The true parallel execution of both algorithms increases system throughput. The soft core IPs(RS232 and Ethernet) are placed in FPGA region to handle realtime data.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122024598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232917
A. Biswas, P. K. Sahu, Anirban Bhowmick, M. Chandra
This paper presents an audio visual phoneme recognition system using the shape and appearance information extracted from jaw and lip region to enhance the robustness in noisy environment. Consideration of visual features along with traditional acoustic features have been found to be promising in complex auditory environment. Visual modality can provide complementary information to the speech recognizer when the audio modality is badly affected by background noise. Acoustic modality is represented by auditory based equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) like wavelet features (WERBC) features, whereas visual modality is represented by statistically powerful active appearance model (AAM) based features. Audio and visual modalities are fused by using a proportional weighting factor to form the two stream audio visual synchronous Hidden Markov Model (SHMM) recognizer. The VidTIMIT database is chosen to study the performance of multi-modal phoneme recognition system. Artificial noises are injected to audio files at different SNR levels (0dB-20dB) to study the performance of system in noisy environment. Combination of WERBC and AAM features outperform the well known traditional combination of Mel scale cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) acoustic features and discrete cosine transform (DCT) visual features.
{"title":"VidTIMIT audio visual phoneme recognition using AAM visual features and human auditory motivated acoustic wavelet features","authors":"A. Biswas, P. K. Sahu, Anirban Bhowmick, M. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232917","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an audio visual phoneme recognition system using the shape and appearance information extracted from jaw and lip region to enhance the robustness in noisy environment. Consideration of visual features along with traditional acoustic features have been found to be promising in complex auditory environment. Visual modality can provide complementary information to the speech recognizer when the audio modality is badly affected by background noise. Acoustic modality is represented by auditory based equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) like wavelet features (WERBC) features, whereas visual modality is represented by statistically powerful active appearance model (AAM) based features. Audio and visual modalities are fused by using a proportional weighting factor to form the two stream audio visual synchronous Hidden Markov Model (SHMM) recognizer. The VidTIMIT database is chosen to study the performance of multi-modal phoneme recognition system. Artificial noises are injected to audio files at different SNR levels (0dB-20dB) to study the performance of system in noisy environment. Combination of WERBC and AAM features outperform the well known traditional combination of Mel scale cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) acoustic features and discrete cosine transform (DCT) visual features.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232899
Ritesh Sarkhel, Amit K. Saha, N. Das
Identification of minimum number of local regions of a handwritten character image, containing well-defined discriminating features which are sufficient for a minimal but complete description of the character is a challenging task. A new region selection technique based on the idea of an enhanced Harmony Search methodology has been proposed here. The powerful framework of Harmony Search has been utilized to search the region space and detect only the most informative regions for correctly recognizing the handwritten character. The proposed method has been tested on handwritten samples of Bangla Basic, Compound and mixed (Basic and Compound characters)characters separately with SVM based classifier using a longest run based feature-set obtained from the image sub-regions formed by a CG based quad-tree partitioning approach. Applying this methodology on the above mentioned three types of datasets, respectively 43.75%, 12.5% and 37.5% gains have been achieved in terms of region reduction and 2.3%, 0.6% and 1.2% gains have been achieved in terms of recognition accuracy. The results show a sizeable reduction in the minimal number of descriptive regions as well a significant increase in recognition accuracy for all the datasets using the proposed technique. Thus the time and cost related to feature extraction is decreased without dampening the corresponding recognition accuracy.
{"title":"An enhanced harmony search method for Bangla handwritten character recognition using region sampling","authors":"Ritesh Sarkhel, Amit K. Saha, N. Das","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232899","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of minimum number of local regions of a handwritten character image, containing well-defined discriminating features which are sufficient for a minimal but complete description of the character is a challenging task. A new region selection technique based on the idea of an enhanced Harmony Search methodology has been proposed here. The powerful framework of Harmony Search has been utilized to search the region space and detect only the most informative regions for correctly recognizing the handwritten character. The proposed method has been tested on handwritten samples of Bangla Basic, Compound and mixed (Basic and Compound characters)characters separately with SVM based classifier using a longest run based feature-set obtained from the image sub-regions formed by a CG based quad-tree partitioning approach. Applying this methodology on the above mentioned three types of datasets, respectively 43.75%, 12.5% and 37.5% gains have been achieved in terms of region reduction and 2.3%, 0.6% and 1.2% gains have been achieved in terms of recognition accuracy. The results show a sizeable reduction in the minimal number of descriptive regions as well a significant increase in recognition accuracy for all the datasets using the proposed technique. Thus the time and cost related to feature extraction is decreased without dampening the corresponding recognition accuracy.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134120154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232928
Mili Ghosh, Debarka Mukhopadhyay, P. Dutta
In view of the technical limitations of CMOS technology, a serious research initiative is evident towards nanotechnology, as a substitution of the existing technology. Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata constitutes a major field of research in the nanotechnology domain. In this article we are dealing with 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA. This paper proposes a novel parallel memory design both single bit and multi-bit using 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA. The proposed design is going to preserve the stability measure and expected to be optimal.
{"title":"A novel parallel memory design using 2 Dot 1 electron QCA","authors":"Mili Ghosh, Debarka Mukhopadhyay, P. Dutta","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232928","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the technical limitations of CMOS technology, a serious research initiative is evident towards nanotechnology, as a substitution of the existing technology. Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata constitutes a major field of research in the nanotechnology domain. In this article we are dealing with 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA. This paper proposes a novel parallel memory design both single bit and multi-bit using 2 Dot 1 Electron QCA. The proposed design is going to preserve the stability measure and expected to be optimal.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134200698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232903
AbdelRahim Elmadany, Sherif M. Abdou, M. Gheith
We present JANA, a multi-genre corpus of Arabic dialogues labeled for Arabic Dialogues Language Understanding (ADLU) at the utterance level. This paper describes progress in a development of the human-human dialogue corpus of Arabic spontaneous Spoken Dialogues (SD) and Instant Massages (IM). We collected dialogues from different genre call centers such as Banks, nights, and Mobile Network providers; these dialogues consist of transcribed phone calls and instant messages for inquiries regarding providing service from call centers. In addition, the annotation schema and manually turns segmentation are described. The collected data consist of approximately 3001 turns with average 6.7 words per turn, contains 4725 utterances with average 4.3 words per utterance, and 20311 words; and it will be made freely available to academic and nonprofit research.
{"title":"JANA: An Arabic human-human dialogues corpus","authors":"AbdelRahim Elmadany, Sherif M. Abdou, M. Gheith","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232903","url":null,"abstract":"We present JANA, a multi-genre corpus of Arabic dialogues labeled for Arabic Dialogues Language Understanding (ADLU) at the utterance level. This paper describes progress in a development of the human-human dialogue corpus of Arabic spontaneous Spoken Dialogues (SD) and Instant Massages (IM). We collected dialogues from different genre call centers such as Banks, nights, and Mobile Network providers; these dialogues consist of transcribed phone calls and instant messages for inquiries regarding providing service from call centers. In addition, the annotation schema and manually turns segmentation are described. The collected data consist of approximately 3001 turns with average 6.7 words per turn, contains 4725 utterances with average 4.3 words per utterance, and 20311 words; and it will be made freely available to academic and nonprofit research.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124193090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232853
Ripudaman Singh, Sonali Chouhan
In this paper, we present a novel contention based cross-layer synchronous MAC protocol, CROP-MAC, to reduce the end-to-end transmission delay and energy consumption by optimizing the pipelined flow of data packets in wireless sensor networks. CROP-MAC optimizes pipelined flow with the help of staggered sleep/wake scheduling, efficient synchronization and appropriate use of routing layer information. Staggered sleep/wake scheduling and routing layer information enable CROP-MAC to schedule source to sink transmission of multiple data packets in a single cycle. We evaluate CROP-MAC through ns-2.35 simulations and compare it with PMAC, PRMAC and BulkMAC. Simulation results show, CROP-MAC outperforms best of the three protocols by 608.89 %, 14.36 % and 12.5 % in terms of end-to-end transmission delay, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, respectively.
{"title":"A cross-layer MAC protocol for contention reduction and pipelined flow optimization in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Ripudaman Singh, Sonali Chouhan","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232853","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel contention based cross-layer synchronous MAC protocol, CROP-MAC, to reduce the end-to-end transmission delay and energy consumption by optimizing the pipelined flow of data packets in wireless sensor networks. CROP-MAC optimizes pipelined flow with the help of staggered sleep/wake scheduling, efficient synchronization and appropriate use of routing layer information. Staggered sleep/wake scheduling and routing layer information enable CROP-MAC to schedule source to sink transmission of multiple data packets in a single cycle. We evaluate CROP-MAC through ns-2.35 simulations and compare it with PMAC, PRMAC and BulkMAC. Simulation results show, CROP-MAC outperforms best of the three protocols by 608.89 %, 14.36 % and 12.5 % in terms of end-to-end transmission delay, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, respectively.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232925
Saurav Mandal, A. K. Mal
In this paper, a new equation for frequency of a ring oscillator are proposed. This method is general enough to be used in all types of ring oscillator delay stages. In this proposed technique we are able to calculate the ring oscillator frequency in absence of process parameters such as threshold voltage, GAMMA, THETA etc. In the underlying work, a comparison has been shown between the analytical result and simulation result of ring oscillator using 50nm technology. The advantage of this method over other defined techniques is that its so simple and accurate to calculate the frequency with the help of pick amplitude voltage of ring oscillator. Result has been obtained using LTspice IV and BSIM 4.0 level 54 based MOSFET model using 50nm CMOS technology.
{"title":"Analysis of resistive load ring oscillator","authors":"Saurav Mandal, A. K. Mal","doi":"10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ReTIS.2015.7232925","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new equation for frequency of a ring oscillator are proposed. This method is general enough to be used in all types of ring oscillator delay stages. In this proposed technique we are able to calculate the ring oscillator frequency in absence of process parameters such as threshold voltage, GAMMA, THETA etc. In the underlying work, a comparison has been shown between the analytical result and simulation result of ring oscillator using 50nm technology. The advantage of this method over other defined techniques is that its so simple and accurate to calculate the frequency with the help of pick amplitude voltage of ring oscillator. Result has been obtained using LTspice IV and BSIM 4.0 level 54 based MOSFET model using 50nm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":161306,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114292235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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