Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.12.263
E. Sakuradani, A. Ando, S. Shimizu, J. Ogawa
The researches of the application of functional lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been conducted in various fields with a view to health and nutrition. The sources of remarkable PUFAs with more than carbon 20 were arachidonic acid from eggs and n-3 PUFAs from fish oils. The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, which was found on screening of microorganisms accumulating PUFAs with more than carbon 20, produces triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid, i.e., ones reaching 20 g/l in concentration and containing 30-70% arachidonic acid as total fatty acids. Various mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4 have led to the production of oils containing various PUFAs. Molecular breeding of M. alpina strains by means of manipulation of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis facilitates improvement of PUFA productivity and elucidation of the functions of their enzymes. This review describes practical production of arachidonic acid and its related PUFAs through mutant breeding, functional analyses of the genes of the enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in unique PUFA production through molecular breeding.
多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)等功能性脂质在健康和营养方面的应用研究已在各个领域展开。碳含量超过20的PUFAs主要来自鸡蛋中的花生四烯酸和鱼油中的n-3 PUFAs。筛选碳数大于20的PUFAs积累微生物，发现丝状真菌高山Mortierella s -4产生富含花生四烯酸的三酰基甘油，即浓度达到20 g/l，花生四烯酸总脂肪酸含量为30-70%。从M. alpina 1S-4衍生的各种突变体导致生产含有各种PUFAs的油。通过操纵参与PUFA生物合成的基因对M. alpina菌株进行分子育种，有助于提高PUFA产量和阐明其酶的功能。本文综述了花生四烯酸及其相关PUFA的突变育种、参与PUFA生物合成的酶基因的功能分析以及通过分子育种生产独特PUFA的最新进展。
{"title":"Production of Microbial Lipids Containing Arachidonic Acid and Its Related Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids","authors":"E. Sakuradani, A. Ando, S. Shimizu, J. Ogawa","doi":"10.5650/oleoscience.12.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.12.263","url":null,"abstract":"The researches of the application of functional lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been conducted in various fields with a view to health and nutrition. The sources of remarkable PUFAs with more than carbon 20 were arachidonic acid from eggs and n-3 PUFAs from fish oils. The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, which was found on screening of microorganisms accumulating PUFAs with more than carbon 20, produces triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid, i.e., ones reaching 20 g/l in concentration and containing 30-70% arachidonic acid as total fatty acids. Various mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4 have led to the production of oils containing various PUFAs. Molecular breeding of M. alpina strains by means of manipulation of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis facilitates improvement of PUFA productivity and elucidation of the functions of their enzymes. This review describes practical production of arachidonic acid and its related PUFAs through mutant breeding, functional analyses of the genes of the enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in unique PUFA production through molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79973599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.151
N. Ishida
It is well known that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exhibits thermally responsive proper ties in water. At a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of around 32oC, PNIPAM chains show phase transition from coil to globule state. Therefore, solids on which the PNIPAM is grafted are expected to be applicable to a wide variety of industrial fields using expanding-shrinking proper ty depending on temperature. In this study, the structural changes of the PNIPAM chains grafted onto solid plates were investigated in aqueous solutions with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). By AFM imaging, the transition of the grafted PNIPAM chains from brush to mushroom state was visualized. QCM-D signals showed significant change at around LCST, indicating that PNIPAM underwent a collapse by the dehydration of the chains. A complementary investigation indicated that a similar transition could be observed in solutions of high concentration electrolytes. It was also found that the grafting density of the PNIPAM chains had a critical role for the conformational behaviour of the PNIPAM.
{"title":"Microstructural Observation and Property Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Grafted onto Solid Surface Using AFM and QCM-D","authors":"N. Ishida","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.151","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exhibits thermally responsive proper ties in water. At a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of around 32oC, PNIPAM chains show phase transition from coil to globule state. Therefore, solids on which the PNIPAM is grafted are expected to be applicable to a wide variety of industrial fields using expanding-shrinking proper ty depending on temperature. In this study, the structural changes of the PNIPAM chains grafted onto solid plates were investigated in aqueous solutions with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). By AFM imaging, the transition of the grafted PNIPAM chains from brush to mushroom state was visualized. QCM-D signals showed significant change at around LCST, indicating that PNIPAM underwent a collapse by the dehydration of the chains. A complementary investigation indicated that a similar transition could be observed in solutions of high concentration electrolytes. It was also found that the grafting density of the PNIPAM chains had a critical role for the conformational behaviour of the PNIPAM.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90473369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.11
H. Tanida, M. Harada, T. Takiue, H. Nagatani
{"title":"X-ray Absorption Fine Structure","authors":"H. Tanida, M. Harada, T. Takiue, H. Nagatani","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79824695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.333
E. Akiyama
Recently, amphiphilic polymers have come to actual use as an emulsifying agent in oil industries. They can provide stability and reduce an amount of low-molecular-weight surfactants. They stabilize emulsions by “adsorption at an oil and water interface” and/or “associating thickening”. This over view summarizes several types of polymeric emulsifier and emulsification mechanism mainly in cosmetic field and describes recent studies of a new water-soluble amphiphilic polysaccharide HHMHEC. HHM-HEC formed a gel through aggregation of hydrophobic moieties in water and stabilized O/ W emulsions by the associative thickening mechanism.
{"title":"Emulsification using amphiphilic polymers","authors":"E. Akiyama","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.333","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, amphiphilic polymers have come to actual use as an emulsifying agent in oil industries. They can provide stability and reduce an amount of low-molecular-weight surfactants. They stabilize emulsions by “adsorption at an oil and water interface” and/or “associating thickening”. This over view summarizes several types of polymeric emulsifier and emulsification mechanism mainly in cosmetic field and describes recent studies of a new water-soluble amphiphilic polysaccharide HHMHEC. HHM-HEC formed a gel through aggregation of hydrophobic moieties in water and stabilized O/ W emulsions by the associative thickening mechanism.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90504288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.485
T. Maoka
Since the first structural elucidation of β-carotene by Kuhn and Karrer in 1930, about 750 naturally occurring carotenoids had been reported till 2004. Improvements of analytical instruments such as NMR, MS, HPLC, etc., have made it possible to per form the structural elucidation of ver y minor carotenoids in nature. Annually, new structural carotenoids are being reported in nature. The present paper provides a review of experimental techniques for structural elucidation and analysis of natural carotenoids including extraction, isolation, chemical derivatization methods and HPLC, UVVIS, MS, NMR, CD spectrometry.
{"title":"Experimental Techniques for Structural Elucidation and Analysis of Natural Carotenoids","authors":"T. Maoka","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.485","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first structural elucidation of β-carotene by Kuhn and Karrer in 1930, about 750 naturally occurring carotenoids had been reported till 2004. Improvements of analytical instruments such as NMR, MS, HPLC, etc., have made it possible to per form the structural elucidation of ver y minor carotenoids in nature. Annually, new structural carotenoids are being reported in nature. The present paper provides a review of experimental techniques for structural elucidation and analysis of natural carotenoids including extraction, isolation, chemical derivatization methods and HPLC, UVVIS, MS, NMR, CD spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81922405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.175
Takehisa Mochizuki, Yohko Abe, M. Toba, Y. Yoshimura
For the purpose of biofuel production for transportation from non-food biomass, production of high quality biodiesel fuel from Jatropha oil by the transesterification process and hydrocarbon fuel from Jatropha residue by the fast pyrolysis-upgrading process were developed. It was demonstrated that biodiesel fuel which was increased their oxidation stability and inhibited their cold flow properties by partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl ester selective to monounsaturated compounds was provided in a pilot plant. On the other hand, hydrocarbon fuel was produced by the fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading from Jatropha residues.
{"title":"Production of high quality transportation fuel from non-food biomass","authors":"Takehisa Mochizuki, Yohko Abe, M. Toba, Y. Yoshimura","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.175","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of biofuel production for transportation from non-food biomass, production of high quality biodiesel fuel from Jatropha oil by the transesterification process and hydrocarbon fuel from Jatropha residue by the fast pyrolysis-upgrading process were developed. It was demonstrated that biodiesel fuel which was increased their oxidation stability and inhibited their cold flow properties by partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl ester selective to monounsaturated compounds was provided in a pilot plant. On the other hand, hydrocarbon fuel was produced by the fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading from Jatropha residues.","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73262407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.573
Y. Katsuragi, S. Kawai, Nobuyuki Kibune
{"title":"Development of direct determination method of glycidyl fatty acid esters:—Summary of joint AOCS/JOCS collaborative study—","authors":"Y. Katsuragi, S. Kawai, Nobuyuki Kibune","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75310903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.17
秀樹 松岡
{"title":"ソフト界面の分子膜の精密構造解析II：X 線反射率法","authors":"秀樹 松岡","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73537029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.327
雅宏 後藤
{"title":"S/O® 技術を利用した経皮薬物送達システム","authors":"雅宏 後藤","doi":"10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5650/OLEOSCIENCE.12.327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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