Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2131827
Pl Seloa, Vm Ngole-Jeme
ABSTRACT Perceptions of communities about mining and its impacts influence their relationship with mining companies in their vicinity. This study investigated the perceptions of communities on environmental and social impacts of nearby mines in Limpopo South Africa. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to male and females above 18 years living in five villages located around the mine, and key informant interviews. Scores for perceptions on environmental impacts (3.17–3.26) were lower than those for perceptions of social impacts (4.86–4.89) on a scale where 1 represented positive perceptions, and 5, negative perceptions. Factors affecting perceptions on environmental impacts and social impacts differed but length of stay in the village was a common denominator. These negative perceptions may affect the relationship between the mine and surrounding communities and stand as a hindrance to the accomplishments of the goals of corporate social responsibility which forms the principle of operations of mines in the country.
{"title":"Community Perceptions on Environmental and Social Impacts of Mining in Limpopo South Africa and the Implications on Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Pl Seloa, Vm Ngole-Jeme","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2131827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2131827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Perceptions of communities about mining and its impacts influence their relationship with mining companies in their vicinity. This study investigated the perceptions of communities on environmental and social impacts of nearby mines in Limpopo South Africa. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to male and females above 18 years living in five villages located around the mine, and key informant interviews. Scores for perceptions on environmental impacts (3.17–3.26) were lower than those for perceptions of social impacts (4.86–4.89) on a scale where 1 represented positive perceptions, and 5, negative perceptions. Factors affecting perceptions on environmental impacts and social impacts differed but length of stay in the village was a common denominator. These negative perceptions may affect the relationship between the mine and surrounding communities and stand as a hindrance to the accomplishments of the goals of corporate social responsibility which forms the principle of operations of mines in the country.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"189 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82744194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2127774
D. Marks, Gwenn Pulliat
ABSTRACT Secondary cities are home to most of the world’s urban populations vulnerable to climate change, yet researchers and policymakers have devoted less attention to them than large and megacities. To help address this gap, this paper explores the relationship between incomplete decentralized governance, climate change, and urban resilience. It does through the case studies of secondary cities of Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Secondary cities are of importance because they are the fastest growing cities in the Global South but also because they have weaker capacity to address climate risks. Through these case studies, the paper draws comparisons between the different cases to look at the linkages between decentralization and urban resilience in secondary cities. Overall, it argues that climate governance, due to the retention of power and resources by central bureaucrats along with fragmented governance structures, and misaligned incentive structures which prioritize economic growth over climate protection have undermined resilience building and contributed to the uneven distribution of climate risks in these cities.
{"title":"Urban climate governance in Southeast Asian small and mid-sized cities: undermining resilience and distributing risks unevenly","authors":"D. Marks, Gwenn Pulliat","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2127774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2127774","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Secondary cities are home to most of the world’s urban populations vulnerable to climate change, yet researchers and policymakers have devoted less attention to them than large and megacities. To help address this gap, this paper explores the relationship between incomplete decentralized governance, climate change, and urban resilience. It does through the case studies of secondary cities of Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Secondary cities are of importance because they are the fastest growing cities in the Global South but also because they have weaker capacity to address climate risks. Through these case studies, the paper draws comparisons between the different cases to look at the linkages between decentralization and urban resilience in secondary cities. Overall, it argues that climate governance, due to the retention of power and resources by central bureaucrats along with fragmented governance structures, and misaligned incentive structures which prioritize economic growth over climate protection have undermined resilience building and contributed to the uneven distribution of climate risks in these cities.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"141 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80303610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108460
M. Huijbregts, S. Hanssen, Nicole Derks, F. Collas, Ilse Erich, R. Leuven, A. Ragas, A. Schipper, Jacqueline A. Vos, Fanny J Huijbregts-Verheyden
ABSTRACT Team-based learning (TBL) is a structured form of collaborative learning that is particularly beneficial in courses where students are expected to understand a significant amount of information to answer complex questions. Here we evaluate the implementation of TBL in a second-year undergraduate sustainability course. The course introduces structured and quantitative approaches for analysing human impacts on the natural environment. It consists of four learning units each focusing on a specific environmental issue, such as climate change and habitat loss. Teams of 5–6 students are formed at the beginning of the course. Each learning unit starts with individual pre-class preparation followed by a readiness assurance process. The remainder of the learning unit consists of assignments that require students to apply what they learned to environmental problems. In the peer evaluation, the students assess team members on their contribution to the team activities. The exam pass rates have been consistently high (> 82%) since we implemented TBL in 2016. The students’ appreciation of TBL increased over time, with 90% of respondents rating the added educational value of TBL as satisfactory or better in 2019. Teachers value the active participation of the students. Students repeatedly mentioned that they highly appreciate the collaboration in a team, increased both engagement and motivation. TBL’s biggest challenge is the facilitation of the discussions during the application sessions and making sure that the discussions remain concise while maintaining sufficient depth. TBL is now also implemented in other courses with structural attention to the development of collaborative skills.
{"title":"Experiences with team-based learning in an introductory bachelor course on sustainability","authors":"M. Huijbregts, S. Hanssen, Nicole Derks, F. Collas, Ilse Erich, R. Leuven, A. Ragas, A. Schipper, Jacqueline A. Vos, Fanny J Huijbregts-Verheyden","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Team-based learning (TBL) is a structured form of collaborative learning that is particularly beneficial in courses where students are expected to understand a significant amount of information to answer complex questions. Here we evaluate the implementation of TBL in a second-year undergraduate sustainability course. The course introduces structured and quantitative approaches for analysing human impacts on the natural environment. It consists of four learning units each focusing on a specific environmental issue, such as climate change and habitat loss. Teams of 5–6 students are formed at the beginning of the course. Each learning unit starts with individual pre-class preparation followed by a readiness assurance process. The remainder of the learning unit consists of assignments that require students to apply what they learned to environmental problems. In the peer evaluation, the students assess team members on their contribution to the team activities. The exam pass rates have been consistently high (> 82%) since we implemented TBL in 2016. The students’ appreciation of TBL increased over time, with 90% of respondents rating the added educational value of TBL as satisfactory or better in 2019. Teachers value the active participation of the students. Students repeatedly mentioned that they highly appreciate the collaboration in a team, increased both engagement and motivation. TBL’s biggest challenge is the facilitation of the discussions during the application sessions and making sure that the discussions remain concise while maintaining sufficient depth. TBL is now also implemented in other courses with structural attention to the development of collaborative skills.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"337 1","pages":"121 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83940994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108459
R. Hägele, G. Iacobuţă, J. Tops
ABSTRACT In striving to achieve the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, governments have the opportunity to implement their climate and sustainability goals more coherently. Such coherence requires the coordination of interdependent policies across different policy fields, sectors and actors. This paper explores how governments design and implement synergic solutions to concomitantly achieve both international agendas. With the empirical cases of Germany and South Africa, we investigate two independent approaches to the synergic solution of a just energy transition, whereby countries aim to phase out coal as a means to tackle climate change while also ensuring that the achievement of other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is not hindered. Methodologically, we apply a deductive qualitative approach consisting of literature review, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. To that end, we examine relevant policies and institutional arrangements by applying a combined conceptual framework of energy justice and just transition in both countries. We find major challenges in overcoming environmental, economic and social burdens of the coal phase-out, especially related to jobs and inequality (SDGs 8, 10) and the Water-Energy-Food-Land nexus (SDGs 2, 6, 7, 15). Through the selection of Germany and South Africa, we illustrate how countries with different political, social and economic backgrounds strive to manage such a transition. Our developed framework and case-studies’ findings point towards important considerations when designing just energy transition pathways, such as ensuring inclusiveness in decision-making, thoroughly assessing social, economic and environmental impacts, and adequately coordinating across different actors and the local, provincial and national levels.
{"title":"Addressing climate goals and the SDGs through a just energy transition? Empirical evidence from Germany and South Africa","authors":"R. Hägele, G. Iacobuţă, J. Tops","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In striving to achieve the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, governments have the opportunity to implement their climate and sustainability goals more coherently. Such coherence requires the coordination of interdependent policies across different policy fields, sectors and actors. This paper explores how governments design and implement synergic solutions to concomitantly achieve both international agendas. With the empirical cases of Germany and South Africa, we investigate two independent approaches to the synergic solution of a just energy transition, whereby countries aim to phase out coal as a means to tackle climate change while also ensuring that the achievement of other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is not hindered. Methodologically, we apply a deductive qualitative approach consisting of literature review, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. To that end, we examine relevant policies and institutional arrangements by applying a combined conceptual framework of energy justice and just transition in both countries. We find major challenges in overcoming environmental, economic and social burdens of the coal phase-out, especially related to jobs and inequality (SDGs 8, 10) and the Water-Energy-Food-Land nexus (SDGs 2, 6, 7, 15). Through the selection of Germany and South Africa, we illustrate how countries with different political, social and economic backgrounds strive to manage such a transition. Our developed framework and case-studies’ findings point towards important considerations when designing just energy transition pathways, such as ensuring inclusiveness in decision-making, thoroughly assessing social, economic and environmental impacts, and adequately coordinating across different actors and the local, provincial and national levels.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"85 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82327044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108458
I. Rana, Sifullah Khaled, A. Jamshed, Adnan Nawaz
ABSTRACT Social protection has emerged as a strategy to minimize climate change impacts by building the resilience of vulnerable communities. It is increasingly being used in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. This study reviews the role of social protection in the scientific literature through bibliometric and thematic analysis. Web of Science database was used to retrieve the articles using selected keywords. Historical growth, citations, keywords, and country analyses were used to perform the bibliometric review. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes pertaining to social protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation. Publications have increased over the past decade, and 142 texts from various disciplines were retrieved. The co-occurrence of keywords revealed that resilience, adaptation, and vulnerability are used in the scientific literature. The shortlisted themes investigated the role of social protection and its interventions for supporting livelihoods, assisting in food security, and disaster recovery. Social protection is emphasized as a tool for vulnerability reduction and building resilience. Literature confirms the crosscutting and multidisciplinary implications of social protection in the domains of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.
社会保护已成为一种通过建立脆弱社区的恢复力来减少气候变化影响的战略。它越来越多地用于减少灾害风险和适应气候变化。本研究通过文献计量学和专题分析回顾了社会保护在科学文献中的作用。使用Web of Science数据库按照选定的关键词检索文章。使用历史增长、引文、关键词和国家分析来进行文献计量学回顾。专题分析用于确定与社会保护、减少灾害风险和适应气候变化有关的主题。出版物在过去十年中有所增加，检索了来自不同学科的142篇文章。关键词的共现表明，韧性、适应性和脆弱性在科学文献中被广泛使用。入围主题调查了社会保护及其干预措施在支持生计、协助粮食安全和灾后恢复方面的作用。强调社会保护是减少脆弱性和建立复原力的工具。文献证实了社会保护在适应气候变化和减少灾害风险领域的跨领域和多学科影响。
{"title":"Social protection in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: A bibliometric and thematic review","authors":"I. Rana, Sifullah Khaled, A. Jamshed, Adnan Nawaz","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2108458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social protection has emerged as a strategy to minimize climate change impacts by building the resilience of vulnerable communities. It is increasingly being used in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. This study reviews the role of social protection in the scientific literature through bibliometric and thematic analysis. Web of Science database was used to retrieve the articles using selected keywords. Historical growth, citations, keywords, and country analyses were used to perform the bibliometric review. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes pertaining to social protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation. Publications have increased over the past decade, and 142 texts from various disciplines were retrieved. The co-occurrence of keywords revealed that resilience, adaptation, and vulnerability are used in the scientific literature. The shortlisted themes investigated the role of social protection and its interventions for supporting livelihoods, assisting in food security, and disaster recovery. Social protection is emphasized as a tool for vulnerability reduction and building resilience. Literature confirms the crosscutting and multidisciplinary implications of social protection in the domains of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"65 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75369785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2103570
R. Zhou, Yaoping Wang, Mingzhou Jin, J. Mao, Xu Zheng
ABSTRACT The growing demand but uncertain supply makes the sustainability of the coffee industry a shared concern for all participants along the coffee supply chain. This study proposed a decision-making model that comprises the cultivation management, including shade management and annual agriculture management, and the supply chain logistics. A two-stage stochastic program is presented and used within a rolling horizon scheme that periodically updates input data information to deal with uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios. The program minimizes the total expected cost of the entire supply chain of arabica coffee. The study applied the model to the real case study of arabica coffee bean supply to the U.S. market, trying to answer whether arabica coffee supply can meet the U.S. demand from 2022 to 2050 and how to best mitigate any shortage through corporate-farmer partnerships. The results show that the coffee supply will have a 3% shortage in the future; medium-level shade management and more irrigation and fertilization are possible mitigation strategies. These results demonstrate the need for all participants to adopt suitable technologies for the sustainability of global coffee supply chains together.
{"title":"Coffee supply chain planning under climate change","authors":"R. Zhou, Yaoping Wang, Mingzhou Jin, J. Mao, Xu Zheng","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2103570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2103570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The growing demand but uncertain supply makes the sustainability of the coffee industry a shared concern for all participants along the coffee supply chain. This study proposed a decision-making model that comprises the cultivation management, including shade management and annual agriculture management, and the supply chain logistics. A two-stage stochastic program is presented and used within a rolling horizon scheme that periodically updates input data information to deal with uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios. The program minimizes the total expected cost of the entire supply chain of arabica coffee. The study applied the model to the real case study of arabica coffee bean supply to the U.S. market, trying to answer whether arabica coffee supply can meet the U.S. demand from 2022 to 2050 and how to best mitigate any shortage through corporate-farmer partnerships. The results show that the coffee supply will have a 3% shortage in the future; medium-level shade management and more irrigation and fertilization are possible mitigation strategies. These results demonstrate the need for all participants to adopt suitable technologies for the sustainability of global coffee supply chains together.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"204 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72970154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033791
A. Balogun, Naheem Adebisi, I. Abubakar, U. Dano, A. Tella
ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, mass rural-urban migration negatively affectthe agriculture sector that accounts for about 23% of the GDP and employs over 60% of the population. Together with a rapidly changing climate, unplanned urbanization poses serious threats to Africa’s agriculture sector with the risk of chronic food shortages in the future. To stem this tide, it is imperative to systematically assess the unplanned urbanization trend from a socio-economic perspective and distill the broader implication for sustainable urban farming within the context of climate change in the region. The potentials of digitalization as a tool for transformative adaptation to climate change and enabler of sustainable development in different domains, including agriculture, are beginning to emerge. However, most studies are based on data from Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. There is minimal documentation of current applications and prospects of digitalization for sustainable agricultural practices in Africa, particularly in an increasingly urbanized era. Thus, this study addresses this need by evaluating the potentials of digitalization to enable sustainable farming in the face of unprecedented climate change constraints in Africa and minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on agriculture. Through a desk research approach, the present study explores the challenges to digital farming in Africa despite its successful implementation in the global North. Drawing lessons from successful case-studies worldwide, we suggest possible pathways to overcome the challenges and implement localized digitalization approaches to strengthen preventive action against climate risks, enhance disaster preparedness, and aid effective planning and management of agriculture practices. Integrating agriculture into the city via digital urban farming is crucial for long-term food security and creating appealing clean-tech jobs for a large number of new immigrants, thereby supporting African cities’ resilience and sustainable development.
{"title":"Digitalization for transformative urbanization, climate change adaptation, and sustainable farming in Africa: trend, opportunities, and challenges","authors":"A. Balogun, Naheem Adebisi, I. Abubakar, U. Dano, A. Tella","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033791","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, mass rural-urban migration negatively affectthe agriculture sector that accounts for about 23% of the GDP and employs over 60% of the population. Together with a rapidly changing climate, unplanned urbanization poses serious threats to Africa’s agriculture sector with the risk of chronic food shortages in the future. To stem this tide, it is imperative to systematically assess the unplanned urbanization trend from a socio-economic perspective and distill the broader implication for sustainable urban farming within the context of climate change in the region. The potentials of digitalization as a tool for transformative adaptation to climate change and enabler of sustainable development in different domains, including agriculture, are beginning to emerge. However, most studies are based on data from Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. There is minimal documentation of current applications and prospects of digitalization for sustainable agricultural practices in Africa, particularly in an increasingly urbanized era. Thus, this study addresses this need by evaluating the potentials of digitalization to enable sustainable farming in the face of unprecedented climate change constraints in Africa and minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on agriculture. Through a desk research approach, the present study explores the challenges to digital farming in Africa despite its successful implementation in the global North. Drawing lessons from successful case-studies worldwide, we suggest possible pathways to overcome the challenges and implement localized digitalization approaches to strengthen preventive action against climate risks, enhance disaster preparedness, and aid effective planning and management of agriculture practices. Integrating agriculture into the city via digital urban farming is crucial for long-term food security and creating appealing clean-tech jobs for a large number of new immigrants, thereby supporting African cities’ resilience and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"216 1","pages":"17 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74713127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033792
Parveen Kumar, C. Brewster
ABSTRACT The intensity and extent of climate change impacts differ significantly with the geographical and ecological structure of the landscape. This is especially evident in mountain ecosystems where topographic, climatic and biological gradients make them extremely vulnerable to global environmental changes . Designing strategies to mitigate and adapt to global climate change on such local landscapes requires a context-specific vulnerabilities that take into account their particular characteristics. Presently, there are two main challenges in assessing climate change vulnerability in mountain ecosystems: 1) The models that are used for vulnerability assessments at global scales are being used at local scales with broad variables from few sectors that do not capture the range of characteristics of mountain ecosystems 2) indigenous knowledge about climate change are not considered in these models, which makes the implementation of mitigation/adaptation measures less successful. In this study, we highlight these issues drawing from our data collected in India’s Lesser Himalayan region (Darjeeling). We used a mixed research approach that combines a vulnerability assessment model with a participatory knowledge approach. We based climate change vulnerability around the socio-ecological system of the mountain landscape. The results from the interactive process showed that Darjeeling region is experiencing higher climate change vulnerability than the results produced by the model at the subregional level. We highlight critical variables that influence the socio-ecological system and need to be taken into account when assessing vulnerability and future adaptation scenarios. The study offers a decision support process for policymakers to plan climate mitigation/adaptation measures and future sustainability pathways.
{"title":"Co-production of climate change vulnerability assessment : A case study of the Indian Lesser Himalayan region, Darjeeling","authors":"Parveen Kumar, C. Brewster","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2022.2033792","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The intensity and extent of climate change impacts differ significantly with the geographical and ecological structure of the landscape. This is especially evident in mountain ecosystems where topographic, climatic and biological gradients make them extremely vulnerable to global environmental changes . Designing strategies to mitigate and adapt to global climate change on such local landscapes requires a context-specific vulnerabilities that take into account their particular characteristics. Presently, there are two main challenges in assessing climate change vulnerability in mountain ecosystems: 1) The models that are used for vulnerability assessments at global scales are being used at local scales with broad variables from few sectors that do not capture the range of characteristics of mountain ecosystems 2) indigenous knowledge about climate change are not considered in these models, which makes the implementation of mitigation/adaptation measures less successful. In this study, we highlight these issues drawing from our data collected in India’s Lesser Himalayan region (Darjeeling). We used a mixed research approach that combines a vulnerability assessment model with a participatory knowledge approach. We based climate change vulnerability around the socio-ecological system of the mountain landscape. The results from the interactive process showed that Darjeeling region is experiencing higher climate change vulnerability than the results produced by the model at the subregional level. We highlight critical variables that influence the socio-ecological system and need to be taken into account when assessing vulnerability and future adaptation scenarios. The study offers a decision support process for policymakers to plan climate mitigation/adaptation measures and future sustainability pathways.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"39 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82494216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2021.1883674
Chaoyi Guo, Z. Bai, Xiaojun Shi, Xuanjing Chen, D. Chadwick, M. Strokal, Fusuo Zhang, Lin Ma, Xinping Chen
ABSTRACT The Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has been recognized as one of the key strategic development regions in China. Agriculture p52 roduction systems in the YRB have contributed considerably to China’s goal of food security. Realizing Agriculture Green Development (AGD) means agriculture production systems with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental costs. However, challenges and barriers still exist for realizing AGD in the YRB. Here, we summarize four main challenges for AGD in the YRB, and identify two approaches (top-down and bottom-up) including main strategies needed to achieve AGD. The four challenges include, but are not limited to, (1) low agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiencies, (2) an uneven agricultural production structure, (3) rapid urbanization, and (4) uncoordinated targets for environmental protection and food production. We conclude that both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed to deliver AGD in the YRB. Top-down approaches are mainly operated by government and underpinned by research, which uses spatial planning to promote the balance between agricultural production and the ecological environment, and to optimize the proportions of cereal and cash crop production with monogastric and ruminant animal production. The bottom-up approach needs strategies to close the yield gap of various cropping and livestock systems, improve resource use efficiencies to control environmental impacts. Furthermore, training and education are needed to increase awarenessand improve skills for farmers and advisers. Our review can serve as example for other global regions that are in transition from unsustainable agriculture production towards sustainable withclean environment and healthy economies.
{"title":"Challenges and strategies for agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Chaoyi Guo, Z. Bai, Xiaojun Shi, Xuanjing Chen, D. Chadwick, M. Strokal, Fusuo Zhang, Lin Ma, Xinping Chen","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2021.1883674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.1883674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has been recognized as one of the key strategic development regions in China. Agriculture p52 roduction systems in the YRB have contributed considerably to China’s goal of food security. Realizing Agriculture Green Development (AGD) means agriculture production systems with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental costs. However, challenges and barriers still exist for realizing AGD in the YRB. Here, we summarize four main challenges for AGD in the YRB, and identify two approaches (top-down and bottom-up) including main strategies needed to achieve AGD. The four challenges include, but are not limited to, (1) low agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiencies, (2) an uneven agricultural production structure, (3) rapid urbanization, and (4) uncoordinated targets for environmental protection and food production. We conclude that both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed to deliver AGD in the YRB. Top-down approaches are mainly operated by government and underpinned by research, which uses spatial planning to promote the balance between agricultural production and the ecological environment, and to optimize the proportions of cereal and cash crop production with monogastric and ruminant animal production. The bottom-up approach needs strategies to close the yield gap of various cropping and livestock systems, improve resource use efficiencies to control environmental impacts. Furthermore, training and education are needed to increase awarenessand improve skills for farmers and advisers. Our review can serve as example for other global regions that are in transition from unsustainable agriculture production towards sustainable withclean environment and healthy economies.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"37 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82553365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2021.1912106
Xin Li, T. Xue, B. Zheng, Yuxuan Zhang
ABSTRACT Health risks, including mortalities and morbidities, attributed to chronic or acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have been assessed based on the increments in ambient concentrations. Different toxicities of the various chemical compositions in PM2.5 mixtures have been confirmed by epidemiological evidence but have rarely been considered. We proposed an approach to calculate the disease burden of both the chemical components and concentrations of PM2.5 by combining their pre-established dose–response relationships with a multivariate Gaussian model. We estimated that PM2.5 mixtures account for 0.43 (95% CI: 0.29 ~ 0.56) million premature deaths in China in 2013, consistent with estimates based on single-pollutant models in quantifying the total risk but with differing risk distributions. The residential, an elemental carbon-rich emission sector, accounted for approximately a quarter of PM2.5 emissions, but for half of the premature deaths attributable to air pollution, due to the stronger toxicity of carbonaceous particles than other PM2.5 compositions. Conventional risk assessments based on PM2.5 mass assume equality in the toxicity of PM2.5 compositions and may therefore fundamentally underestimate the skewness of the risk distribution and the adverse health effects of particles from the residential emissions. The different toxicities of the of PM2.5 compositions modify the risk estimates and thus should be included in emission reduction plans.
{"title":"Risk assessment of mortality from acute exposure to ambient fine particles based on the different toxicities of chemical compositions in China","authors":"Xin Li, T. Xue, B. Zheng, Yuxuan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2021.1912106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.1912106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Health risks, including mortalities and morbidities, attributed to chronic or acute exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have been assessed based on the increments in ambient concentrations. Different toxicities of the various chemical compositions in PM2.5 mixtures have been confirmed by epidemiological evidence but have rarely been considered. We proposed an approach to calculate the disease burden of both the chemical components and concentrations of PM2.5 by combining their pre-established dose–response relationships with a multivariate Gaussian model. We estimated that PM2.5 mixtures account for 0.43 (95% CI: 0.29 ~ 0.56) million premature deaths in China in 2013, consistent with estimates based on single-pollutant models in quantifying the total risk but with differing risk distributions. The residential, an elemental carbon-rich emission sector, accounted for approximately a quarter of PM2.5 emissions, but for half of the premature deaths attributable to air pollution, due to the stronger toxicity of carbonaceous particles than other PM2.5 compositions. Conventional risk assessments based on PM2.5 mass assume equality in the toxicity of PM2.5 compositions and may therefore fundamentally underestimate the skewness of the risk distribution and the adverse health effects of particles from the residential emissions. The different toxicities of the of PM2.5 compositions modify the risk estimates and thus should be included in emission reduction plans.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"55 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87500221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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