Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2021.1930058
V. Strokal
ABSTRACT Transboundary river basins are responsible for over half of the global river discharges and accommodate 40% of the global population. Ukraine is part of the four large transboundary rivers that flow through more than ten European countries and experience pollution problems because of human activities in up-and downstream areas. The Ukrainian government calls for actions to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) and integrate the European Union water legislation. This paper discusses five sustainable development perspectives for Ukraine to reduce pollution in transboundary rivers. These perspectives relate to (1) transitions from administrative river management (before 2017) to river basin management (after 2017) to enhance cooperation between countries, (2) interdisciplinary and (3) transdisciplinary research to better understand the causes and effects of river pollution and explore solutions, (4) innovation and modernization of water-related infrastructures and (5) the societal awareness. Future research could focus on the example of Ukraine and the adoption of these five perspectives to support the formulation of solutions to achieve SDG6 and support the sustainable basin management of transboundary rivers and the integration of European Union water legislation. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Transboundary rivers of Ukraine: perspectives for sustainable development and clean water","authors":"V. Strokal","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2021.1930058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.1930058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transboundary river basins are responsible for over half of the global river discharges and accommodate 40% of the global population. Ukraine is part of the four large transboundary rivers that flow through more than ten European countries and experience pollution problems because of human activities in up-and downstream areas. The Ukrainian government calls for actions to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6) and integrate the European Union water legislation. This paper discusses five sustainable development perspectives for Ukraine to reduce pollution in transboundary rivers. These perspectives relate to (1) transitions from administrative river management (before 2017) to river basin management (after 2017) to enhance cooperation between countries, (2) interdisciplinary and (3) transdisciplinary research to better understand the causes and effects of river pollution and explore solutions, (4) innovation and modernization of water-related infrastructures and (5) the societal awareness. Future research could focus on the example of Ukraine and the adoption of these five perspectives to support the formulation of solutions to achieve SDG6 and support the sustainable basin management of transboundary rivers and the integration of European Union water legislation. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"202 1","pages":"67 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2021.2007133
L. Reijnders
ABSTRACT Substitutability of natural capital by human-made capital would seem to be limited. When human-made capital substitutes natural capital, there are currently commonly long-lasting negative impacts of such substitutions on constituents of natural capital. Long-lasting negative impacts on natural capital can be considered at variance with justice between the generations. In view thereof, there is a case to define (environmental) sustainability as keeping natural capital intact for transferral to future generations. A major problem for such conservation regards natural resources generated by geological processes (virtually non-renewable resources), especially regarding geochemically scarce elements. Substitution of virtually non-renewable resources by generating equal amounts of renewables has been proposed as a way to conserve natural capital. However, renewables substituting for fossil carbon compounds are currently associated with negative impacts on constituents of natural capital to be transferred to future generations. The same holds for the substitution of widely used geochemically scarce virtually non-renewable copper by abundant resources generated by geological processes. Though current negative impacts of substitutions on natural capital can be substantially reduced, their elimination seems beyond the scope of what can be achieved in the near future. The less strict “safe operating space for humanity”, which has been used in “absolute sustainability assessments” is, however, not a proper alternative to keeping natural capital intact for transferral to future generations.
{"title":"Substitution, natural capital and sustainability","authors":"L. Reijnders","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2021.2007133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.2007133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Substitutability of natural capital by human-made capital would seem to be limited. When human-made capital substitutes natural capital, there are currently commonly long-lasting negative impacts of such substitutions on constituents of natural capital. Long-lasting negative impacts on natural capital can be considered at variance with justice between the generations. In view thereof, there is a case to define (environmental) sustainability as keeping natural capital intact for transferral to future generations. A major problem for such conservation regards natural resources generated by geological processes (virtually non-renewable resources), especially regarding geochemically scarce elements. Substitution of virtually non-renewable resources by generating equal amounts of renewables has been proposed as a way to conserve natural capital. However, renewables substituting for fossil carbon compounds are currently associated with negative impacts on constituents of natural capital to be transferred to future generations. The same holds for the substitution of widely used geochemically scarce virtually non-renewable copper by abundant resources generated by geological processes. Though current negative impacts of substitutions on natural capital can be substantially reduced, their elimination seems beyond the scope of what can be achieved in the near future. The less strict “safe operating space for humanity”, which has been used in “absolute sustainability assessments” is, however, not a proper alternative to keeping natural capital intact for transferral to future generations.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"278 1","pages":"115 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74972590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1869784
L. Van Praag
ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, migration-as-adaptation discourses have theorized and studied how migration could facilitate adaptation to deal with the effects of adverse environmental change. However, contextual factors, such as migration trends and local social and economic contexts, as well as perceptions of this linkage have often been neglected. This study aims to understand how people perceive this relationship and whether and how migration, often in the form of remittances, is used for adaptation purposes. For this study, 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of Tangier and Tinghir (Morocco). These regions are confronted differently by environmental change impacts. While both face increasing precipitation and temperature changes, Tinghir is additionally confronted with drought, desertification, water scarcity, and a growing number of more extreme weather events. Furthermore, both regions receive internal migrants and experienced significant emigration towards Europe. Results indicate that migration, as well as the sending of remittances, could produce a multitude of adaptation outcomes towards environmental change, resulting in an exacerbation of existing social vulnerabilities, alter economic development at the community level, and impact the development of alternative adaptation strategies, at both the individual/household and community levels. Findings demonstrate that migration-as-adaptation discourses must be considered within social, political, economic, and environmental contexts. These discourses should consider local migration histories and prevalent cultures of migration.
{"title":"A qualitative study of the migration-adaptation nexus to deal with environmental change in Tinghir and Tangier (Morocco)","authors":"L. Van Praag","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2020.1869784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2020.1869784","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, migration-as-adaptation discourses have theorized and studied how migration could facilitate adaptation to deal with the effects of adverse environmental change. However, contextual factors, such as migration trends and local social and economic contexts, as well as perceptions of this linkage have often been neglected. This study aims to understand how people perceive this relationship and whether and how migration, often in the form of remittances, is used for adaptation purposes. For this study, 48 semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of Tangier and Tinghir (Morocco). These regions are confronted differently by environmental change impacts. While both face increasing precipitation and temperature changes, Tinghir is additionally confronted with drought, desertification, water scarcity, and a growing number of more extreme weather events. Furthermore, both regions receive internal migrants and experienced significant emigration towards Europe. Results indicate that migration, as well as the sending of remittances, could produce a multitude of adaptation outcomes towards environmental change, resulting in an exacerbation of existing social vulnerabilities, alter economic development at the community level, and impact the development of alternative adaptation strategies, at both the individual/household and community levels. Findings demonstrate that migration-as-adaptation discourses must be considered within social, political, economic, and environmental contexts. These discourses should consider local migration histories and prevalent cultures of migration.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82783038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2021.1949354
W. Jawjit, P. Pavasant, C. Kroeze, Jindee Tuffrey
ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the potential environmental impact of natural rubber (NR) condoms over its entire life cycle. The environmental performance of the production process of NR condoms is also compared to that of synthetic polyisoprene (PI) condoms. Options to reduce the environmental impact of condom production are proposed and evaluated. The potential environmental impacts are quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). The study takes a cradle-to-grave approach, and considers six phases: 1) fresh latex production, 2) concentrated latex production, 3) condom production, 4) condom use, 5) condom transportation, and 6) condom disposal. The comparative analysis of NR and PI condom production takes a gate-to-gate scope. The functional unit is one gross condom. The results indicate that the condom production phase has the largest share (34–73%) in the environmental impact during the life cycle of NR condoms, followed by the disposal phase (20–60%). Comparing the production of NR and PI condoms reveals that the production of PI condoms results in a 1.5–2.5 times higher environmental impacts than the NR condom production, due to higher electricity consumption, especially for the compounding, dipping, and leaching processes. Reduction of electricity use is a key measure to reduce the environmental impact. Combining natural gas with electricity for the dipping process is a promising option to reduce the electricity use; it results in ~10–17% reduction in environmental impacts.
{"title":"Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand","authors":"W. Jawjit, P. Pavasant, C. Kroeze, Jindee Tuffrey","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2021.1949354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.1949354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the potential environmental impact of natural rubber (NR) condoms over its entire life cycle. The environmental performance of the production process of NR condoms is also compared to that of synthetic polyisoprene (PI) condoms. Options to reduce the environmental impact of condom production are proposed and evaluated. The potential environmental impacts are quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). The study takes a cradle-to-grave approach, and considers six phases: 1) fresh latex production, 2) concentrated latex production, 3) condom production, 4) condom use, 5) condom transportation, and 6) condom disposal. The comparative analysis of NR and PI condom production takes a gate-to-gate scope. The functional unit is one gross condom. The results indicate that the condom production phase has the largest share (34–73%) in the environmental impact during the life cycle of NR condoms, followed by the disposal phase (20–60%). Comparing the production of NR and PI condoms reveals that the production of PI condoms results in a 1.5–2.5 times higher environmental impacts than the NR condom production, due to higher electricity consumption, especially for the compounding, dipping, and leaching processes. Reduction of electricity use is a key measure to reduce the environmental impact. Combining natural gas with electricity for the dipping process is a promising option to reduce the electricity use; it results in ~10–17% reduction in environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"89 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84188455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1907106
M. Harmsen, Jillian Student, C. Kroeze
When it comes to mitigating climate change, the focus tends towards carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, human-induced emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) are important contributors to global warming. These include methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluorinated greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) and ozone depleting substances. Other non-CO2 emissions, such as aerosols (e.g. black carbon (BC)) and pollutants that function as aerosol or GHG precursors, contribute to changes in the atmosphere’s energy balance. This editorial overview introduces a Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences that includes contributions from the 8 Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Symposium (NCGG8), which took place in Amsterdam, June 10–15, 2019. NCGG8 covered recent scientific advancements in understanding non-CO2 sources, climate implications and mitigation challenges. The articles in this special issue highlight some of outcomes of these discussions.
{"title":"Non-CO2 greenhouse gases: the underrepresented, complex side of the climate challenge","authors":"M. Harmsen, Jillian Student, C. Kroeze","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2020.1907106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2020.1907106","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to mitigating climate change, the focus tends towards carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, human-induced emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) are important contributors to global warming. These include methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), fluorinated greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) and ozone depleting substances. Other non-CO2 emissions, such as aerosols (e.g. black carbon (BC)) and pollutants that function as aerosol or GHG precursors, contribute to changes in the atmosphere’s energy balance. This editorial overview introduces a Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences that includes contributions from the 8 Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Symposium (NCGG8), which took place in Amsterdam, June 10–15, 2019. NCGG8 covered recent scientific advancements in understanding non-CO2 sources, climate implications and mitigation challenges. The articles in this special issue highlight some of outcomes of these discussions.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"i - viii"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84977609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1866617
P. Mguni, Bas van Vliet
{"title":"Rethinking the urban Nexus - Resilience and vulnerability at the urban Nexus of Water, Energy and Food (WEF). An introduction to the special issue","authors":"P. Mguni, Bas van Vliet","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2020.1866617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2020.1866617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":"i - v"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.1080/1943815x.2019.1675715
M. Covarrubias, Ingrid Boas
ABSTRACT This paper examines the making of urban sustainable food provisioning through the case of Barcelona. Barcelona is seeking to develop a more sustainable food system. It aims to green its municipal food markets by reducing the distances from which the food is sourced from. This has been labelled by the city of Barcelona as “proximity food”. We shed light on how, and to what extent, proximity food contributes to making the city more sustainable. To frame our analysis, we employ concepts from networks and flows as developed in sociology by Manuel Castells. We examine the provisioning processes that proximity food goes through before they enter retail markets. This includes an analysis of connections with urban energy and water flows. This so-called water, energy and food Urban Nexus, which we argue to be a key factor in the greening of urban food systems. This means that sustainability of food is not just determined by physical distances between its provisioning processes per se but by the specific ways in which food flows relate to connections (both physical and social) with energy and water.
{"title":"The making of a sustainable food city in Barcelona: insights from the water, energy, and food urban nexus","authors":"M. Covarrubias, Ingrid Boas","doi":"10.1080/1943815x.2019.1675715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815x.2019.1675715","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the making of urban sustainable food provisioning through the case of Barcelona. Barcelona is seeking to develop a more sustainable food system. It aims to green its municipal food markets by reducing the distances from which the food is sourced from. This has been labelled by the city of Barcelona as “proximity food”. We shed light on how, and to what extent, proximity food contributes to making the city more sustainable. To frame our analysis, we employ concepts from networks and flows as developed in sociology by Manuel Castells. We examine the provisioning processes that proximity food goes through before they enter retail markets. This includes an analysis of connections with urban energy and water flows. This so-called water, energy and food Urban Nexus, which we argue to be a key factor in the greening of urban food systems. This means that sustainability of food is not just determined by physical distances between its provisioning processes per se but by the specific ways in which food flows relate to connections (both physical and social) with energy and water.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88594670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.1080/1943815x.2020.1844757
Thainara Granero de Melo, Bruno Lacerra de Souza, R. A. Scopinho
ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, agrarian reform areas have transformed urban and rural spaces across Brazil. Although these areas’ creation reduced inequalities and environmental problems, their residents still experience several constraints and vulnerabilities associated with water, energy, and food provision. Drawing on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus’ critical and territorial perspectives, this paper aims to better understand the agrarian reform areas’ challenges in peri-urban interfaces towards social justice. We analyse a territory in the Northeast portion of the São Paulo State, where it is located the Sepé Tiaraju agrarian reform settlement in interface with two municipalities. We suggest that agrarian reform areas can activate a progressive and concrete environmental change at the local level where food is the key element to redefining the area’s nexus. However, socio-political and spatial dynamics involving water and energy for the sugarcane sector, the municipal government, and tense relationships among residents around food also reproduce unequal access to resources. This paper contributes to the emerging critical literature and its efforts to politicize the nexus debate, giving more nuanced views to the complex and contradictory dynamics involving environmental problems and social justice struggles.
{"title":"Peri-urban territories and WEF nexus: the challenges of Brazilian agrarian reform areas for social justice","authors":"Thainara Granero de Melo, Bruno Lacerra de Souza, R. A. Scopinho","doi":"10.1080/1943815x.2020.1844757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815x.2020.1844757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, agrarian reform areas have transformed urban and rural spaces across Brazil. Although these areas’ creation reduced inequalities and environmental problems, their residents still experience several constraints and vulnerabilities associated with water, energy, and food provision. Drawing on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus’ critical and territorial perspectives, this paper aims to better understand the agrarian reform areas’ challenges in peri-urban interfaces towards social justice. We analyse a territory in the Northeast portion of the São Paulo State, where it is located the Sepé Tiaraju agrarian reform settlement in interface with two municipalities. We suggest that agrarian reform areas can activate a progressive and concrete environmental change at the local level where food is the key element to redefining the area’s nexus. However, socio-political and spatial dynamics involving water and energy for the sugarcane sector, the municipal government, and tense relationships among residents around food also reproduce unequal access to resources. This paper contributes to the emerging critical literature and its efforts to politicize the nexus debate, giving more nuanced views to the complex and contradictory dynamics involving environmental problems and social justice struggles.","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"45 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78935074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1825227
M. O’Neill, L. Gallego-Lorenzo, G. Lanigan, P. D. Forristal, Bruce Osborne
ABSTRACT We quantified seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the associated emission factors (EFs) from: (i) winter oilseed rape (WOSR) cultivated under conventional tillage (CT) and strip tillage (ST) at four fertilizer rates (0, 160, 240 and 320 kg N ha−1) in 2014/2015, and (ii) grassland plots receiving no fertilizer (0 kg N ha−1), or mineral nitrogen (67 kg N ha−1), and either cattle or pig slurry (50, 100 and 200 m3 ha−1). Greater fluxes were observed at higher soil temperatures and a higher water filled pore space, suggesting that denitrification was the main source of N2O-N from the applied fertilizer/slurry. For WOSR, the N2O EFs ranged from 0.03 to 1.20% with no effect of the cultivation practice on EFs for equal rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Lower EF values were linked to differences in plant growth at individual sites rather than a specific management effect. For the grassland, the N2O EFs were highly variable, ranging from −0.70 to 0.49%, but were generally the highest in treatments receiving the highest concentrations of slurry. The EF values for WOSR illustrates that the Tier 1 approach for calculating EFs may be inadequate and the identification of site-specific effects can aid in refining N2O EF inventories. For the grassland plots all the EFs were significantly lower than the IPCC default values. Although the reason(s) for the low EFs with slurry amendments on grassland is not known, ammonia volatilization could decrease the pool of inorganic N that is available to nitrifying bacteria thereby lowering N2O fluxes. Graphical abstract
本研究量化了2014/2015年常规耕作(CT)和条带耕作(ST)四种施肥水平(0、160、240和320 kg N ha−1)下的冬季油菜(WOSR)的季节性氧化亚氮(N2O)排放及其相关排放因子(EFs)，以及不施肥(0 kg N ha−1)或矿物氮(67 kg N ha−1)的草地，以及牛或猪的浆(50、100和200 m3 ha−1)。土壤温度越高，孔隙充水空间越大，氮通量越大，表明反硝化作用是施用肥料/泥浆中氮的主要来源。对WOSR而言，氮肥施用量相等时，不同耕作方式对土壤氮氧化物排放无显著影响，氮氧化物排放在0.03% ~ 1.20%之间。较低的EF值与个别地点植物生长的差异有关，而不是与特定的管理效果有关。在草地上，N2O EFs变化很大，在- 0.70 ~ 0.49%之间，但通常在泥浆浓度最高的处理中最高。WOSR的环境污染系数值表明，计算环境污染系数的第一级方法可能是不够的，确定具体地点的影响可以帮助改进一氧化二氮环境污染系数清单。草地样地的ef均显著低于IPCC默认值。虽然草地沼液改进剂产生低EFs的原因尚不清楚，但氨挥发可以减少硝化细菌可利用的无机氮库，从而降低N2O通量。图形抽象
{"title":"Assessment of nitrous oxide emission factors for arable and grassland ecosystems","authors":"M. O’Neill, L. Gallego-Lorenzo, G. Lanigan, P. D. Forristal, Bruce Osborne","doi":"10.1080/1943815X.2020.1825227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2020.1825227","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We quantified seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the associated emission factors (EFs) from: (i) winter oilseed rape (WOSR) cultivated under conventional tillage (CT) and strip tillage (ST) at four fertilizer rates (0, 160, 240 and 320 kg N ha−1) in 2014/2015, and (ii) grassland plots receiving no fertilizer (0 kg N ha−1), or mineral nitrogen (67 kg N ha−1), and either cattle or pig slurry (50, 100 and 200 m3 ha−1). Greater fluxes were observed at higher soil temperatures and a higher water filled pore space, suggesting that denitrification was the main source of N2O-N from the applied fertilizer/slurry. For WOSR, the N2O EFs ranged from 0.03 to 1.20% with no effect of the cultivation practice on EFs for equal rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Lower EF values were linked to differences in plant growth at individual sites rather than a specific management effect. For the grassland, the N2O EFs were highly variable, ranging from −0.70 to 0.49%, but were generally the highest in treatments receiving the highest concentrations of slurry. The EF values for WOSR illustrates that the Tier 1 approach for calculating EFs may be inadequate and the identification of site-specific effects can aid in refining N2O EF inventories. For the grassland plots all the EFs were significantly lower than the IPCC default values. Although the reason(s) for the low EFs with slurry amendments on grassland is not known, ammonia volatilization could decrease the pool of inorganic N that is available to nitrifying bacteria thereby lowering N2O fluxes. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":16194,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences","volume":"41 6 1","pages":"165 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72981048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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