Proteins with domains of unknown function (DUF) play an essential role in the growth of plants. However, we conducted a study on the genome-wide identification of DUF789 genes and the functional evolution of different members of the DUF789 gene family in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. A total of 11 AtDUF789s were discovered in the A. thaliana genome, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using sequences from A. thaliana, G. max, Vitis vinifera, Solanum tuberosum, Medicago truncatula, and Sorghum bicolor. Gene structure analysis showed that the number of non-coding regions varied between 4 and 5, while the coding pattern ranged from 5 to 6. The promoter of AtDUF789s contains the cis-regulatory elements ABRE, MBS, and LTR, specifically. By analyzing the expression of the 11 AtDUF789s in tissues, we observed that these AtDUF789s were up-regulated in all observed tissues, which may indicate their involvement in plant growth. The study of the DUF789 gene family in A. thaliana provides new and valuable data for plant breeding and molecular studies.
{"title":"Genome-wide and expression analysis to understand the DUF789 gene family during development of Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Madiha Zaynab , Yasir Sharif , Rashid Al-Yahyai , Athar Hussain , Monther Sadder , Kahkashan Perveen , Najat A. Bukhari , Shuangfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins with domains of unknown function (DUF) play an essential role in the growth of plants. However, we conducted a study on the genome-wide identification of <em>DUF789</em> genes and the functional evolution of different members of the <em>DUF789</em> gene family in the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> genome. A total of 11 <em>AtDUF789s</em> were discovered in the <em>A. thaliana</em> genome, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using sequences from <em>A. thaliana</em>, <em>G. max, Vitis vinifera, Solanum tuberosum, Medicago truncatula</em>, and <em>Sorghum bicolor.</em> Gene structure analysis showed that the number of non-coding regions varied between 4 and 5, while the coding pattern ranged from 5 to 6. The promoter of <em>AtDUF789s</em> contains the <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements ABRE, MBS, and LTR, specifically. By analyzing the expression of the 11 <em>AtDUF789s</em> in tissues, we observed that these <em>AtDUF789s</em> were up-regulated in all observed tissues, which may indicate their involvement in plant growth. The study of the <em>DUF789</em> gene family in <em>A. thaliana</em> provides new and valuable data for plant breeding and molecular studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103483
Himanshi Soni , Monika Bhattu , Meenakshi Verma , Manvinder Kaur , Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani , Irfan Hussain Lone , Ajar Nath Yadav , Mohd Ubaidullah
A large amount of used cooking oil (UCO) is improperly disposed of in sewage and rivers, leading to environmental pollution and posing health risks such as carcinogenic diseases. This study explores an eco-friendly approach to addressing this issue by repurposing UCO for laundry soap production, contributing to waste management and environmental decontamination. The soap was prepared by treating UCO with an alkaline solution (NaOH) through a simple saponification process, providing a greener alternative to traditional methods that rely on imported vegetable oils. The prepared soaps were evaluated for cleansing capacity as well as physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties. The results showed moisture content of 9.27 % to 10.34 %, pH ranging from 6.03 to 4.46, chloride percentage from 0.055 % to 0.29 %, free caustic alkali between 0.152 and 0.175, and total alkali content from 0.29 % to 0.73 %. These values meet the requirements of East African Standards (EAS), validating the quality of UCO-based soaps. By diverting UCO from waste streams and utilizing it in soap production, this approach supports waste management, minimizes environmental pollution, and contributes to sustainable production practices.
{"title":"From kitchen to cosmetics: Study on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of waste cooking oil-derived soap","authors":"Himanshi Soni , Monika Bhattu , Meenakshi Verma , Manvinder Kaur , Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani , Irfan Hussain Lone , Ajar Nath Yadav , Mohd Ubaidullah","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large amount of used cooking oil (UCO) is improperly disposed of in sewage and rivers, leading to environmental pollution and posing health risks such as carcinogenic diseases. This study explores an eco-friendly approach to addressing this issue by repurposing UCO for laundry soap production, contributing to waste management and environmental decontamination. The soap was prepared by treating UCO with an alkaline solution (NaOH) through a simple saponification process, providing a greener alternative to traditional methods that rely on imported vegetable oils. The prepared soaps were evaluated for cleansing capacity as well as physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties. The results showed moisture content of 9.27 % to 10.34 %, pH ranging from 6.03 to 4.46, chloride percentage from 0.055 % to 0.29 %, free caustic alkali between 0.152 and 0.175, and total alkali content from 0.29 % to 0.73 %. These values meet the requirements of East African Standards (EAS), validating the quality of UCO-based soaps. By diverting UCO from waste streams and utilizing it in soap production, this approach supports waste management, minimizes environmental pollution, and contributes to sustainable production practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103482
Jameel Al-Tamimi, Hossam Ebaid, Iftekhar Hassan, Ibrahim M. Alhazza
Samsum (Brachyponera sennaarensis) ant venom contains several peptides that have an aggressive impact on the architecture of the internal organs including the thymus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of venom with various doses as a toxin insult by examining the histological alterations and measurable biochemical parameters in the thymus. Forty Wistar albino rats separated into seven groups were used.
Data demonstrated statistically significant hyperplasia in the cellular density, shrinkage in cortical thickness, and medullary area in the venom- intraperitoneally treated group compared to the − orally treated group. Additionally, there was a prominent increase in apoptotic cells TGB, the density of lesions, and hemorrhagic cysts effects of the venom on thymic cells. There was a notable higher intensity of pathological features in the thymus.
Results validated the role of SAV in the general thymic atrophy in the histological structure of thymus tissues and acted as a carcinogenic agent. The structural analysis of the thymus revealed that a larger dosage of SAV produced a thymoma in the histoarchitecture. The differences between the low dose of SAV-treated groups orally and (IP) were not statistically significant in some analyses. In terms of the thymus tissue’s structure, the administration of a high dose of (450 µl) intraperitoneally had the worst impact on the health of the thymus.
森蚺（Brachyponera sennaarensis）蚁毒含有几种肽，对包括胸腺在内的内脏器官结构具有侵袭性影响。本研究的目的是通过检测胸腺的组织学改变和可测量的生化参数，评估不同剂量的毒液作为毒素侮辱的有效性。数据显示，与口服毒液组相比，腹腔注射毒液组的细胞密度明显增高，皮质厚度和髓质面积缩小。此外，毒液对胸腺细胞的影响还包括凋亡细胞 TGB、病变密度和出血性囊肿的显著增加。结果验证了 SAV 在胸腺组织学结构中导致胸腺萎缩的作用，并具有致癌作用。胸腺的结构分析表明，较大剂量的 SAV 会在组织结构中产生胸腺瘤。在一些分析中，低剂量 SAV 口服组和（IP）处理组之间的差异没有统计学意义。就胸腺组织结构而言，腹腔注射高剂量（450微升）对胸腺健康的影响最大。
{"title":"Comparison of the cytotoxic impact of samsum ant venom (Brachyponera sennaarensis) administration routes on quantitative histological analysis of thymus","authors":"Jameel Al-Tamimi, Hossam Ebaid, Iftekhar Hassan, Ibrahim M. Alhazza","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Samsum (<em>Brachyponera sennaarensis</em>) ant venom contains several peptides that have an aggressive impact on the architecture of the internal organs including the thymus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of venom with various doses as a toxin insult by examining the histological alterations and measurable biochemical parameters in the thymus. Forty Wistar albino rats separated into seven groups were used.</div><div>Data demonstrated statistically significant hyperplasia in the cellular density, shrinkage in cortical thickness, and medullary area in the venom- intraperitoneally treated group compared to the − orally treated group. Additionally, there was a prominent increase in apoptotic cells TGB, the density of lesions, and hemorrhagic cysts effects of the venom on thymic cells. There was a notable higher intensity of pathological features in the thymus.</div><div>Results validated the role of SAV in the general thymic atrophy in the histological structure of thymus tissues and acted as a carcinogenic agent. The structural analysis of the thymus revealed that a larger dosage of SAV produced a thymoma in the histoarchitecture. The differences between the low dose of SAV-treated groups orally and (IP) were not statistically significant in some analyses. In terms of the thymus tissue’s structure, the administration of a high dose of (450 µl) intraperitoneally had the worst impact on the health of the thymus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103486
Muhammad Faisal Hayat , Maryam Javed , Rahat Andleeb , Asma Ashraf , Huma Naz , Mohammad Z. Ahmed , Ayesha Ishtiaq
Polyethylene microplastics (PEMPs) are noxious environmental pollutants that are documented to cause organ damage including the kidneys. Poncirin (PON) is a naturally occurring flavonoid which demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the palliative potential of PON against PEMPs induced renal toxicity by examining a range of biochemical and physiological parameters. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly apportioned into four distinct groups including the control, PEMPs (1.5 mgkg−1), PEMPs (1.5 mgkg−1) + PON (20 mgkg−1) and only PON (20 mgkg−1). Our results displayed that PEMPs intoxication escalated the levels of urea, KIM-1, creatinine and NGAL while reducing the creatinine clearance level. Besides reduction in the activities of GPx, GST, HO-1, CAT, GSR & upsurge in the levels of MDA and ROS were detected in PEMPs group. Conversely, the levels of inflammatory markers including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-kB and TNF-α were augmented following the PEMPs intoxication. Besides, the results of the current research demonstrated that the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 were esclated whereas the Bcl-2 expression was lowered from its standard value due to PEMPs provision. However, PON treatment significantly restored the PEMPs-induced aforementioned impairments. Therefore, PON could be used as a therapeutic compound to ameliorate PEMPs-induced kidney impairments in rats, possibly due to its tremendous pharmacotherapeutic potential.
{"title":"Reno-protective potential of poncirin against polyethylene microplastics instigated kidney damage in rats via regulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Hayat , Maryam Javed , Rahat Andleeb , Asma Ashraf , Huma Naz , Mohammad Z. Ahmed , Ayesha Ishtiaq","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene microplastics (PEMPs) are noxious environmental pollutants that are documented to cause organ damage including the kidneys. Poncirin (PON) is a naturally occurring flavonoid which demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological properties. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the palliative potential of PON against PEMPs induced renal toxicity by examining a range of biochemical and physiological parameters. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly apportioned into four distinct groups including the control, PEMPs (1.5 mgkg<sup>−1</sup>), PEMPs (1.5 mgkg<sup>−1</sup>) + PON (20 mgkg<sup>−1</sup>) and only PON (20 mgkg<sup>−1</sup>). Our results displayed that PEMPs intoxication escalated the levels of urea, KIM-1, creatinine and NGAL while reducing the creatinine clearance level. Besides reduction in the activities of GPx, GST, HO-1, CAT, GSR & upsurge in the levels of MDA and ROS were detected in PEMPs group. Conversely, the levels of inflammatory markers including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-kB and TNF-α were augmented following the PEMPs intoxication. Besides, the results of the current research demonstrated that the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 were esclated whereas the Bcl-2 expression was lowered from its standard value due to PEMPs provision. However, PON treatment significantly restored the PEMPs-induced aforementioned impairments. Therefore, PON could be used as a therapeutic compound to ameliorate PEMPs-induced kidney impairments in rats, possibly due to its tremendous pharmacotherapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103485
Muhammad Iqbal Makhdum , Muhammad Abid , Rashida Hameed , Sidra Balooch , Sibgha Noreen , Muhammad Salim Akhter , Ummar Iqbal , Adeel Abbas , Mohammad Abul Farah , Rattandeep Singh
To boost agricultural yields, understanding mineral nutrition’s reliance on fertilizers is crucial, underscoring the need to evaluate nutrient-use efficiency for optimal fertilization. In this regard, a field study was conducted to elaborate the role of phosphorus fertilizer in enhancing growth, yield and marginal rate of return in four wheat varieties; two Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) and two standard types (Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008). The study revealed that application of phosphorus significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) contents in straw (13 %, 59 % and 79 %) and grains (63 %, 92 % and 28 %) respectively. Similarly, the contents of Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were reduced in straw (23 % and 19 %) and grains (19 % and 18 %) respectively after application of 80 and 120 kg P2O5, however at 40 kg P2O5 the contents of Zn and Fe were slightly enhanced. The grain yield (21 %) and harvest index (11 %) was maximum at 80 kg P2O5 as compared to 40 and 120 kg P2O5. The Marginal rate of return over investment (MRR) in P2O5 was maximum (241 %) in Akbar-2019 when P-fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80 kg P2O5 per ha−1. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between grain yield and its determinants. Biofortified wheat varieties responded better to 80 kg P2O5, outperforming standard varieties in yield. Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of PSTOL1 gene expression at 80 kg P2O5 level. Concludingly the application of P-fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg P2O5 per ha−1 enhanced growth, yield and rate of return of testing wheat varieties especially the biofortified ones; Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019.
{"title":"Influence of phosphorous fertilizer on mineral nutrition and yield attributes of wheat: Acquisition with PSTOL1 gene for arid environment","authors":"Muhammad Iqbal Makhdum , Muhammad Abid , Rashida Hameed , Sidra Balooch , Sibgha Noreen , Muhammad Salim Akhter , Ummar Iqbal , Adeel Abbas , Mohammad Abul Farah , Rattandeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To boost agricultural yields, understanding mineral nutrition’s reliance on fertilizers is crucial, underscoring the need to evaluate nutrient-use efficiency for optimal fertilization. In this regard, a field study was conducted to elaborate the role of phosphorus fertilizer in enhancing growth, yield and marginal rate of return in four wheat varieties; two Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) and two standard types (Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008). The study revealed that application of phosphorus significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) contents in straw (13 %, 59 % and 79 %) and grains (63 %, 92 % and 28 %) respectively. Similarly, the contents of Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were reduced in straw (23 % and 19 %) and grains (19 % and 18 %) respectively after application of 80 and 120 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, however at 40 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> the contents of Zn and Fe were slightly enhanced. The grain yield (21 %) and harvest index (11 %) was maximum at 80 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as compared to 40 and 120 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. The Marginal rate of return over investment (MRR) in P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> was maximum (241 %) in Akbar-2019 when P-fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> per ha<sup>−1</sup>. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between grain yield and its determinants. Biofortified wheat varieties responded better to 80 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, outperforming standard varieties in yield. Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of <em>PSTOL1</em> gene expression at 80 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> level. Concludingly the application of P-fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> per ha<sup>−1</sup> enhanced growth, yield and rate of return of testing wheat varieties especially the biofortified ones; Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103481
Ahmad Alsulimani , Ayman K. Johargy , Hani Faidah , Ahmad O. Babalghith , Abdullah F. Aldairi , Farkad Bantun , Faraz Ahmad , Darin Mansor Mathkor , Shafiul Haque
The current systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the efficaciousness of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in transplant subjects with regards to kidney functions and survival, with special reference to co-administration (or absence of) calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). The analysis was done through searching and retrieving information from online scholarly databases. The collected data represented outcomes after at least twelve months following transplantation of kidney. It was observed that parameters such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was improved in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors, however some studies indicated that acute rejection following biopsy was dominant in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors. Owing to their complementary mechanisms of action as well as beneficial effects on mitigating nephrotoxicity, concomitantly with favorable outcomes on parameters such as serum creatinine and GFR leading to increased survival, this meta-analysis proposes early utilization of mTOR inhibitors and CNI minimization in subjects with kidney transplantation.
{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of chemical inhibitors against mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) for primary immunosuppression in recipients of kidney transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ahmad Alsulimani , Ayman K. Johargy , Hani Faidah , Ahmad O. Babalghith , Abdullah F. Aldairi , Farkad Bantun , Faraz Ahmad , Darin Mansor Mathkor , Shafiul Haque","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current systematic review and <em>meta</em>-analysis was undertaken to assess the efficaciousness of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in transplant subjects with regards to kidney functions and survival, with special reference to co-administration (or absence of) calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). The analysis was done through searching and retrieving information from online scholarly databases. The collected data represented outcomes after at least twelve months following transplantation of kidney. It was observed that parameters such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was improved in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors, however some studies indicated that acute rejection following biopsy was dominant in subjects administered with mTOR inhibitors. Owing to their complementary mechanisms of action as well as beneficial effects on mitigating nephrotoxicity, concomitantly with favorable outcomes on parameters such as serum creatinine and GFR leading to increased survival, this <em>meta</em>-analysis proposes early utilization of mTOR inhibitors and CNI minimization in subjects with kidney transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103484
Anastazia Tarimo Felix, Amos Vincent Ntarisa
The act of tobacco smoking cigarettes is linked to the development of lung cancer, which accounts for around 90 % of lung cancers in the world. This paper reviewed 76 articles on harmful heavy metals in tobacco cigarette brands and associated health risk assessment. This comprehensive examination involved searching targeted databases across multiple search engines, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Research Gate, published in English from 2000 to September 2024. The mean heavy metals concentrations are 2.9, 10.5, 4.5, 7.9 and 3.5 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg, respectively. Related mean hazard quotient (HQ for non-carcinogenic ingestion and inhalation were determined. HQ for ingestion and inhalation were < 1 and > 1, respectively. HQ for all metal inhalation, which signifies considerable health risk. The risk of cancer for ingestion of all metals is in the acceptable limit below 1E-04, while the risk of cancer for inhalation of all metals is in the unacceptable range. Additional research on toxic heavy metals in tobacco cigarette brands from diverse countries is necessary to arrive at conclusive mean risks for each specific toxic heavy metal.
{"title":"Review of toxic metals in tobacco cigarette brands and risk assessment","authors":"Anastazia Tarimo Felix, Amos Vincent Ntarisa","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The act of tobacco smoking cigarettes is linked to the development of lung cancer, which accounts for around 90 % of lung cancers in the world. This paper reviewed 76 articles on harmful heavy metals in tobacco cigarette brands and associated health risk assessment. This comprehensive examination involved searching targeted databases across multiple search engines, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Research Gate, published in English from 2000 to September 2024. The mean heavy metals concentrations are 2.9, 10.5, 4.5, 7.9 and 3.5 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, As and Hg, respectively. Related mean hazard quotient (HQ <span><math><mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for non-carcinogenic ingestion and inhalation were determined. HQ for ingestion and inhalation were < 1 and > 1, respectively. HQ <span><math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> for all metal inhalation, which signifies considerable health risk. The risk of cancer for ingestion of all metals is in the acceptable limit below 1E-04, while the risk of cancer for inhalation of all metals is in the unacceptable range. Additional research on toxic heavy metals in tobacco cigarette brands from diverse countries is necessary to arrive at conclusive mean risks for each specific toxic heavy metal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103479
Amit Kumar Dutta , Md Ekhtiar Rahman
Helicases are ubiquitous enzymes with specific functions that contribute to almost all nucleic acid metabolic processes. The RecQ helicase family is essential for integrity in all organisms through DNA replication, repair, and recombination. This study investigated five RecQ-like helicases in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtRecQl) that exhibit diverse structural and physiochemical attributes and functions. Cis-regulatory element analysis identified stress, hormone, cell cycle, and development-responsive modules involved in various events in plant growth and development. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the five AtRecQl were associated with various cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes. Protein-protein interaction analysis also implicated some in various abiotic stress processes. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to examine conformational stability through root means square deviation and radius of gyration, showing stable AtRecQl protein structures. Free energy landscape analysis validated thermodynamically stable structures throughout the MD simulation. Principle component analysis and probability density functions from MD simulations provided satisfactory structural variational data for the complexes and limited coordinate movements. These insights might greatly benefit future studies.
{"title":"Comprehensive in silico characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana RecQl helicases through structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Amit Kumar Dutta , Md Ekhtiar Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Helicases are ubiquitous enzymes with specific functions that contribute to almost all nucleic acid metabolic processes. The RecQ helicase family is essential for integrity in all organisms through DNA replication, repair, and recombination. This study investigated five RecQ-like helicases in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> (AtRecQl) that exhibit diverse structural and physiochemical attributes and functions. Cis-regulatory element analysis identified stress, hormone, cell cycle, and development-responsive modules involved in various events in plant growth and development. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the five AtRecQl were associated with various cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes. Protein-protein interaction analysis also implicated some in various abiotic stress processes. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to examine conformational stability through root means square deviation and radius of gyration, showing stable AtRecQl protein structures. Free energy landscape analysis validated thermodynamically stable structures throughout the MD simulation. Principle component analysis and probability density functions from MD simulations provided satisfactory structural variational data for the complexes and limited coordinate movements. These insights might greatly benefit future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103480
Vijay Kumar Deenadayalan , Divya Sunder Raj , ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan , Judith Nivedha Baskar , David Prince , Rajakrishnan Rajagopal , Ahmed Alfarhan , Rajasekhara Reddy Iska , Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Iska , Yijun Shi , Joe Antony Jacob
The identification of novel therapeutic agents using nanomedicine is critical in the fight against diabetes mellitus (DM). Cholic acid (CA) has shown potential in diabetes management, but its effectiveness is limited by poor solubility and stability. To overcome these challenges, CA was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CACNPs). The CACNPs had a negative zeta potential (ZP) of −13.6 ± 5.81 mV, which is an indication of good stability and potential for enhanced uptake by diseased cells. The average particle size (PS) measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 169.8 ± 84.3 nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.220, indicating uniform particle size distribution. The drug loading capacity (DL%) of the CACNPs was 60.96 ± 0.9 %, whereas, the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 69.19 ± 1.02 %. The MTT assay on 3 T3-L1 cells revealed a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability, with an IC50 value of 766.0 ± 0.09 µg/ml. Furthermore, CACNPs demonstrated dose-dependent enhancement of glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes, while at 500 µg/ml, they inhibited adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a potential role in adipogenesis inhibition. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated positive modulation of glucose metabolism-related genes (PI3K, GLUT4, PPARg) upon treatment with CACNPs. These findings suggest that CACNPs could serve as a novel inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation and may influence key pathways in glucose metabolism, making them promising candidates for the management of DM.
{"title":"Mechanistic analysis for identifying the anti-diabetic effects of Cholic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: An in vitro approach","authors":"Vijay Kumar Deenadayalan , Divya Sunder Raj , ArulJothi Kandasamy Nagarajan , Judith Nivedha Baskar , David Prince , Rajakrishnan Rajagopal , Ahmed Alfarhan , Rajasekhara Reddy Iska , Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Iska , Yijun Shi , Joe Antony Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of novel therapeutic agents using nanomedicine is critical in the fight against diabetes mellitus (DM). Cholic acid (CA) has shown potential in diabetes management, but its effectiveness is limited by poor solubility and stability. To overcome these challenges, CA was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CACNPs). The CACNPs had a negative zeta potential (ZP) of −13.6 ± 5.81 mV, which is an indication of good stability and potential for enhanced uptake by diseased cells. The average particle size (PS) measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 169.8 ± 84.3 nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.220, indicating uniform particle size distribution. The drug loading capacity (DL%) of the CACNPs was 60.96 ± 0.9 %, whereas, the entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 69.19 ± 1.02 %. The MTT assay on 3 T3-L1 cells revealed a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 766.0 ± 0.09 µg/ml. Furthermore, CACNPs demonstrated dose-dependent enhancement of glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes, while at 500 µg/ml, they inhibited adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a potential role in adipogenesis inhibition. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated positive modulation of glucose metabolism-related genes (PI3K, GLUT4, PPARg) upon treatment with CACNPs. These findings suggest that CACNPs could serve as a novel inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation and may influence key pathways in glucose metabolism, making them promising candidates for the management of DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 103480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103473
Mohamed Salb , Luka Jovanovic , Ali Elsadai , Nebojsa Bacanin , Vladimir Simic , Dragan Pamucar , Miodrag Zivkovic
The increasing dependence and demands on cloud infrastructure have brought to light challenges associated with cloud instance pricing. The often unpredictable nature of demand as well as changing costs of supplying a reliable instance can leave companies struggling to appropriately budget to support a healthy cash flow while maintaining operating costs. This work explores the potential of multi-headed recurrent architectures to forecast cloud instance prices based on historical and instance data. Two architectures are explored, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks. A modified optimizer is introduced and tested on a publicly available Amazon elastic compute cloud dataset. The GRU model, enhanced by the proposed modified approach, had the most impressive outcomes with an MAE score of 0.000801. Results have undergone meticulous statistical validation with the best-performing models further analyzed using explainable artificial intelligence techniques to provide further insight into model reasoning and information on feature importance.
对云基础设施的依赖和需求日益增加，这也带来了与云实例定价相关的挑战。需求的不可预测性以及提供可靠实例的成本变化，往往会让企业在维持运营成本的同时，难以适当地编制预算以支持健康的现金流。这项研究探索了多头循环架构的潜力，以根据历史数据和实例数据预测云实例价格。本文探讨了两种架构：长短期记忆（LSTM）和门控递归单元（GRU）网络。在公开的亚马逊弹性计算云数据集上引入并测试了修改后的优化器。经过改进的 GRU 模型的 MAE 值为 0.000801，取得了最令人瞩目的成果。结果经过了细致的统计验证，并使用可解释人工智能技术对表现最佳的模型进行了进一步分析，以进一步深入了解模型推理和特征重要性信息。
{"title":"Cloud spot instance price forecasting multi-headed models tuned using modified PSO","authors":"Mohamed Salb , Luka Jovanovic , Ali Elsadai , Nebojsa Bacanin , Vladimir Simic , Dragan Pamucar , Miodrag Zivkovic","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing dependence and demands on cloud infrastructure have brought to light challenges associated with cloud instance pricing. The often unpredictable nature of demand as well as changing costs of supplying a reliable instance can leave companies struggling to appropriately budget to support a healthy cash flow while maintaining operating costs. This work explores the potential of multi-headed recurrent architectures to forecast cloud instance prices based on historical and instance data. Two architectures are explored, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks. A modified optimizer is introduced and tested on a publicly available Amazon elastic compute cloud dataset. The GRU model, enhanced by the proposed modified approach, had the most impressive outcomes with an MAE score of 0.000801. Results have undergone meticulous statistical validation with the best-performing models further analyzed using explainable artificial intelligence techniques to provide further insight into model reasoning and information on feature importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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