Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103403
Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are environmental toxicants that exert adverse effects on organisms. Rhamnetin (RHM) is a natural flavone that shows multiple therapeutic potentials. Therefore, the present study was planned to determine the mitigative effect of RHM against PS-MPs induced liver damage. 48 rats were divided into 4 groups. Control group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) administered group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg)+ RHM (50 mg/kg) co-administered group and RHM alone (50 mg/kg) administered group. PS-MPs reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 and anti-oxidant gene expressions, while increasing Keap-1 expression. PS-MPs also decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH), besides elevating the levels of MDA and ROS. Additionally, PS-MPs augmented the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, there was an upsurge in the levels of inflammatory indices in PS-MPs treated group. PS-MPs intoxication also increased Bax and Caspase-3 expressions, while lowering the Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, RHM mitigated all the damages due to its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic potentials.
{"title":"Rhamnetin abrogates polystyrene microplastics prompted hepatic damage by regulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are environmental toxicants that exert adverse effects on organisms. Rhamnetin (RHM) is a natural flavone that shows multiple therapeutic potentials. Therefore, the present study was planned to determine the mitigative effect of RHM against PS-MPs induced liver damage. 48 rats were divided into 4 groups. Control group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) administered group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg)+ RHM (50 mg/kg) co-administered group and RHM alone (50 mg/kg) administered group. PS-MPs reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 and anti-oxidant gene expressions, while increasing Keap-1 expression. PS-MPs also decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH), besides elevating the levels of MDA and ROS. Additionally, PS-MPs augmented the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, there was an upsurge in the levels of inflammatory indices in PS-MPs treated group. PS-MPs intoxication also increased Bax and Caspase-3 expressions, while lowering the Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, RHM mitigated all the damages due to its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic potentials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101836472400315X/pdfft?md5=2dbc64d2680ff01173c8894dbfe43671&pid=1-s2.0-S101836472400315X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103401
Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are raising global concerns as they have tendency to induce adverse effects on organisms. Herbacetin (HBN) is a natural flavone that shows diverse biological activities. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the curative role of HBN against PS-MPs provoked hepatic damage. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups, control, PS-MPs-intoxicated (0.01 mg/kg), PS-MPs + HBN co-treated (0.01 mg/kg + 40 mg/kg) and HBN only treated (40 mg/kg) group. The experiment was conducted for 30 days. PS-MPs administration reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 as well as anti-oxidants genes and increased Keap-1 expression. It also lessened the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) level, while elevating the levels of MDA and ROS. Additionally, PS-MPs exposure augmented the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Furthermore, there was an upsurge in the levels of inflammatory indices in PS-MPs treated group. PS-MPs also upregulated Caspase-3 and Bax expression whereas, decreased Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, HBN treatment recovered all the impairments due to its anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective nature. Therefore, it is deduced that HBN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to counter PS-MPs induced hepatic toxicity.
{"title":"Protective effects of herbacetin against polystyrene microplastics-instigated liver damage in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are raising global concerns as they have tendency to induce adverse effects on organisms. Herbacetin (HBN) is a natural flavone that shows diverse biological activities. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the curative role of HBN against PS-MPs provoked hepatic damage. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups, control, PS-MPs-intoxicated (0.01 mg/kg), PS-MPs + HBN co-treated (0.01 mg/kg + 40 mg/kg) and HBN only treated (40 mg/kg) group. The experiment was conducted for 30 days. PS-MPs administration reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 as well as anti-oxidants genes and increased Keap-1 expression. It also lessened the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) level, while elevating the levels of MDA and ROS. Additionally, PS-MPs exposure augmented the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Furthermore, there was an upsurge in the levels of inflammatory indices in PS-MPs treated group. PS-MPs also upregulated Caspase-3 and Bax expression whereas, decreased Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, HBN treatment recovered all the impairments due to its anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective nature. Therefore, it is deduced that HBN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to counter PS-MPs induced hepatic toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003136/pdfft?md5=1b3ab82a798c40140857b8a9bb94c87a&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103404
Background
The changes in land use patterns may provide immediate economic advantages, but they also lead to significant disruptions in ecosystem services. These modifications have the potential to adversely impact water supply, air quality, disaster response, carbon storage, and biodiversity. Therefore, these modifications affect the provision of ecosystem services and have a negative effect on human well-being. Hence, it is crucial to investigate how land use changes affect carbon storage to enhance ecosystem services, lessen the consequences of climate change, advance human welfare, and direct effective land management practices.
Methods
Min River Basin (MRB) is a significant water reservoir in China, providing valuable ecosystem services. Currently, the MRB is undergoing significant alterations in the land use due to country’s policy changes. Therefore, this study analyzed alterations in land use, dynamics of the alterations, and transfer matrix in MRB. The alterations in these indices were recorded for three time periods, i.e., 2000, 2010, and 2020. Furthermore, the influence of land use changes on carbon storage was investigated by InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model.
Results
The main land use classes in the MRB consisted of forest land, grassland, and arable land, and most of the alterations were recorded among these three classes. The arable land was declined by 163–333 km2, while grassland reduced by 23–233 km2 from 2000 to 2020. Likewise, forest land witnessed a decrease of 34–167 km2 from 2000 to 2020. The dominant land use dynamics consisted of construction land and water areas, whereas the entire land use dynamics exhibit a consistent increasing trend. Moreover, carbon storage witnessed a significant decrease during the study period due to the reduction in forest land, grassland, and arable land.
Conclusion
The land use patterns in the MRB have witnessed substantial transformations because of recent policy implementations. Land use changes from forest land, arable land and grassland to other types exerted significant influence on carbon storage. Generally, carbon storage decreased from 2000 to 2020. The decline in carbon storage in the MRB is mostly attributed to urban growth, and construction activities. Therefore, these activities should be carefully monitored to improve carbon storage in the basin.
{"title":"Land use changes in the Min River basin and their impact on carbon storage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The changes in land use patterns may provide immediate economic advantages, but they also lead to significant disruptions in ecosystem services. These modifications have the potential to adversely impact water supply, air quality, disaster response, carbon storage, and biodiversity. Therefore, these modifications affect the provision of ecosystem services and have a negative effect on human well-being. Hence, it is crucial to investigate how land use changes affect carbon storage to enhance ecosystem services, lessen the consequences of climate change, advance human welfare, and direct effective land management practices.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Min River Basin (MRB) is a significant water reservoir in China, providing valuable ecosystem services. Currently, the MRB is undergoing significant alterations in the land use due to country’s policy changes. Therefore, this study analyzed alterations in land use, dynamics of the alterations, and transfer matrix in MRB. The alterations in these indices were recorded for three time periods, i.e., 2000, 2010, and 2020. Furthermore, the influence of land use changes on carbon storage was investigated by InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The main land use classes in the MRB consisted of forest land, grassland, and arable land, and most of the alterations were recorded among these three classes. The arable land was declined by 163–333 km<sup>2</sup>, while grassland reduced by 23–233 km<sup>2</sup> from 2000 to 2020. Likewise, forest land witnessed a decrease of 34–167 km<sup>2</sup> from 2000 to 2020. The dominant land use dynamics consisted of construction land and water areas, whereas the entire land use dynamics exhibit a consistent increasing trend. Moreover, carbon storage witnessed a significant decrease during the study period due to the reduction in forest land, grassland, and arable land.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The land use patterns in the MRB have witnessed substantial transformations because of recent policy implementations. Land use changes from forest land, arable land and grassland to other types exerted significant influence on carbon storage. Generally, carbon storage decreased from 2000 to 2020. The decline in carbon storage in the MRB is mostly attributed to urban growth, and construction activities. Therefore, these activities should be carefully monitored to improve carbon storage in the basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003161/pdfft?md5=e7400581d02f2b9d588f5761c211a572&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103402
Objectives
This study aimed to characterize Aeromonas veronii CTe-01 focusing on its resistance to heavy metal and antibiotics.
Methods
A. veronii CTe-01 was characterized using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility and heavy metal resistance were tested per standard protocols. Genomic analysis, including plasmid characterization, was conducted in silico.
Results
A. veronii CTe-01 showed resistance to various heavy metals and antibiotics. Multiple resistance genes were identified, including those for beta-lactamases, heavy metal resistance, and type III secretion system components. The bacterium carries a 9 kb plasmid with repA/repB replication genes, parA/parB partitioning genes, and a type II toxin-antitoxin system for stability.
Conclusions
A. veronii CTe-01 is a genetic reservoir for antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance genes, and virulence factors. The study offers insights into its dual role as a pathogen and heavy metal remediator in aquatic environments.
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance, and virulence factors in Aeromonas veronii CTe-01: Implications for global antimicrobial resistance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to characterize <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> CTe-01 focusing on its resistance to heavy metal and antibiotics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>A. veronii</em> CTe-01 was characterized using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility and heavy metal resistance were tested per standard protocols. Genomic analysis, including plasmid characterization, was conducted in silico.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>A. veronii</em> CTe-01 showed resistance to various heavy metals and antibiotics. Multiple resistance genes were identified, including those for beta-lactamases, heavy metal resistance, and type III secretion system components. The bacterium carries a 9 kb plasmid with <em>repA/repB</em> replication genes, <em>parA/parB</em> partitioning genes, and a type II toxin-antitoxin system for stability.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>A. veronii</em> CTe-01 is a genetic reservoir for antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance genes, and virulence factors. The study offers insights into its dual role as a pathogen and heavy metal remediator in aquatic environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003148/pdfft?md5=e83ed514960dcc28bededa2efdae41c0&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103399
Background
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) type carbapenemases are produced by pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and exhibit carbapenemase activity. The study will look into drug resistance and the molecular mechanisms of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa variants.
Methods
A total of 74 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from urine, pus, sputum, blood, throat swab, Foley’s catheter, and nasal swab. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and the identified MDR strains were further tested for β-lactamase production. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the presence of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 genes in MDR organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration for ceftazidime and colistin was also determined, in addition to the biofilm inhibitor activity. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the production of biofilms.
Results
The isolated P. aeruginosa strains exhibited antibiotic resistance to aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin). Fifty three percent of the isolated P. aeruginosa strains produced metallo-β-lactamase and the remaining isolates were non-metallo-β-lactamase type (46.8 %) (p < 0.0001). The MIC value of β-lactamase producers against colistin ranges from 0.5 µg/mL to 6 µg/mL. The MDR bacteria exhibited mcr-1 and blaNDM−1 genes. The MDR P. aeruginosa strain treated with colistin and ceftazidime inhibited initial biofilm formation. These combination of antibiotics effectively prevented initial biofilm development than individual antibiotics (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The current analysis detected MDR among P. aeruginosa isolates that carried drug-resistant genes.
{"title":"Metallo-β-lactamases producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the molecular mechanism of drug resistance variants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) type carbapenemases are produced by pathogenic <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. and exhibit carbapenemase activity. The study will look into drug resistance and the molecular mechanisms of drug-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> variants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 74 <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains were isolated from urine, pus, sputum, blood, throat swab, Foley’s catheter, and nasal swab. The isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and the identified MDR strains were further tested for β-lactamase production. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the presence of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 genes in MDR organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration for ceftazidime and colistin was also determined, in addition to the biofilm inhibitor activity. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the production of biofilms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The isolated <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains exhibited antibiotic resistance to aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin). Fifty three percent of the isolated <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains produced metallo-β-lactamase and the remaining isolates were non-metallo-β-lactamase type (46.8 %) (p < 0.0001). The MIC value of β-lactamase producers against colistin ranges from 0.5 µg/mL to 6 µg/mL. The MDR bacteria exhibited <em>mcr-1</em> and <em>blaNDM−1</em> genes<em>.</em> The MDR <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strain treated with colistin and ceftazidime inhibited initial biofilm formation. These combination of antibiotics effectively prevented initial biofilm development than individual antibiotics (p < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The current analysis detected MDR among <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates that carried drug-resistant genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003112/pdfft?md5=59e4accb84939523f550a2c50feff223&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103398
An important contributing factor to the growth of aggressive and treatment-resistant tumors is tumor hypoxia. In this investigation, we created a unique tracer, 64Cu-biacetyl-bis(4-methyl-3-semicarbazone) Complex (64Cu-[APSC]2), for hypoxia imaging. Numerous spectral and electrochemical analyses were used to characterize the synthesized ligand and its metal complex. The coordination of the metal in the metal complex was also supported by DFT (B3LYP model) calculations. The radiochemical yields and purities of 64Cu-[APSC]2 were found to be quantitative, as determined by TLC and HPLC analyses.
Stability studies in human plasma demonstrated that 64Cu-[APSC]2 remained steady for at least four hours while being incubated at 37 °C. MDA-MB-231 cell-line xenografts were placed in nude mice for biodistribution research. The results revealed significant accumulation of the tracer in tumors after 2 h post-injection, which correlated with the redox potential and reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest that 64Cu-[APSC]2 shows promising evidence as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical for hypoxic tumors.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and density functional theory of 64Cu based complex for hypoxia imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An important contributing factor to the growth of aggressive and treatment-resistant tumors is tumor hypoxia. In this investigation, we created a unique tracer, <sup>64</sup>Cu-biacetyl-bis(4-methyl-3-semicarbazone) Complex (<sup>64</sup>Cu-[APSC]<sub>2</sub>), for hypoxia imaging. Numerous spectral and electrochemical analyses were used to characterize the synthesized ligand and its metal complex. The coordination of the metal in the metal complex was also supported by DFT (B3LYP model) calculations. The radiochemical yields and purities of <sup>64</sup>Cu-[APSC]<sub>2</sub> were found to be quantitative, as determined by TLC and HPLC analyses.</p><p>Stability studies in human plasma demonstrated that <sup>64</sup>Cu-[APSC]<sub>2</sub> remained steady for at least four hours while being incubated at 37 °C. MDA-MB-231 cell-line xenografts were placed in nude mice for biodistribution research. The results revealed significant accumulation of the tracer in tumors after 2 h post-injection, which correlated with the redox potential and reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest that <sup>64</sup>Cu-[APSC]<sub>2</sub> shows promising evidence as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical for hypoxic tumors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003100/pdfft?md5=02f2c46b8e2f400879403e987ce9d4b1&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103387
This study was carried out to explore the significance of morphology-based selection for breeding, using a case study of indigenous buckwheat landrace from Korea. Although many studies have utilized molecular methods to investigate germplasm diversity, this research underscores the often-overlooked importance of morphology-based selection in breeding strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of considering geographical information only when it accurately reflects the actual environment. The study collected and analyzed five traits from 96 samples across 27 varieties. The hypothesis was that these 27 samples might have been grouped by region due to similar environmental conditions. This hypothesis was tested using a dendrogram, clustering, correlation analysis of each trait, and PCA analysis. The results showed that morphological traits are a crucial factor in germplasm or landrace selection and that they should be considered the basic information for breeding purposes. Morphological traits were found to be random regardless of the locations where they were collected, indicating that they should be used to determine breeding targets rather than geographic locations. The study suggested that understanding the physiological traits of specific germplasm groups can accelerate breeding efforts. Overall, this study provided important insights into the selection of germplasm or landrace for breeding purposes, highlighting the importance of morphology-based selection and the need to consider environmental factors.
{"title":"A study of the morphological and geographical diversity of Korean indigenous buckwheat landraces for breeding","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was carried out to explore the significance of morphology-based selection for breeding, using a case study of indigenous buckwheat landrace from Korea. Although many studies have utilized molecular methods to investigate germplasm diversity, this research underscores the often-overlooked importance of morphology-based selection in breeding strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of considering geographical information only when it accurately reflects the actual environment. The study collected and analyzed five traits from 96 samples across 27 varieties. The hypothesis was that these 27 samples might have been grouped by region due to similar environmental conditions. This hypothesis was tested using a dendrogram, clustering, correlation analysis of each trait, and PCA analysis. The results showed that morphological traits are a crucial factor in germplasm or landrace selection and that they should be considered the basic information for breeding purposes. Morphological traits were found to be random regardless of the locations where they were collected, indicating that they should be used to determine breeding targets rather than geographic locations. The study suggested that understanding the physiological traits of specific germplasm groups can accelerate breeding efforts. Overall, this study provided important insights into the selection of germplasm or landrace for breeding purposes, highlighting the importance of morphology-based selection and the need to consider environmental factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724002994/pdfft?md5=c26484a5aed4ba897aacfd80540b6a90&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724002994-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103396
Background
The coffee plant is a strategic crop in Saudi Arabia that makes a substantial contribution to the country’s economy. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor and control the fungal phytopathogens that affect coffee plants in order to minimize crop losses and ensure sustainable cultivation. This is the first surveillance report of Fusarium phytopathogens associated with coffee plants in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the antagonistic efficiency of the endophytic fungus, Diaporthe caatingaensis, was evaluated against the isolated Fusarium phytopathogens.
Methods
The isolated strains were preliminary identified using cultural and microscopic methods and the identification was confirmed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing technique. The detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the disease severity of Fusarium phytopathogens against detached coffee leaves. Moreover, dual culture assay was utilized to assess the antagonistic activity of D. caatingaensis.
Results and conclusion
Fusarium oxysporum was found to be the most frequent isolated strain followed by F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides strains. Fusarium proliferatum strain was found to be the most severe strain whereas F. solani strain showed the lowest disease severity. On the other hand, propiconazole fungicide was tested for its efficiency against Fusarium pathogens using food poisoning technique, showing that F. oxysporum strain 1 of accession number OP955665 was the most sensitive strain. However, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum st. 2 (OP959851) and F. solani strains showed no significant response when the propiconazole concentration increase from 150 to 200 ppm. Scanning electron microscope proved the potent antagonistic activity of D. caatingaensis against F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum OP959874 strains through mycoparasitic modes of action as coiling, appressorium formation resulting in complete lysis of fungal mycelium. Accordingly, the current investigation provides the first surveillance data about Fusarium strains associated with coffee plants and also the utilization of D. caatingaensis as a potential biocontrol agent for effective management of Fusarium phytopathogens, avoiding the incidence of fungal resistance to fungicides and the harmful effects of commercial fungicides for sustainable cultivation of coffee in Saudi Arabia.
背景咖啡是沙特阿拉伯的一种战略作物,对该国的经济做出了重大贡献。因此,持续监测和控制影响咖啡植物的真菌植物病原体至关重要,这样才能最大限度地减少作物损失,确保可持续种植。这是沙特阿拉伯首次对与咖啡植物相关的镰刀菌植物病原体进行监测报告。此外,还评估了内生真菌 Diaporthe caatingaensis 对分离出的镰刀菌植物病原体的拮抗效率。采用离体叶片试验来评估镰刀菌植物病原菌对咖啡离体叶片的侵染程度。结果和结论Fusarium oxysporum 是最常见的分离菌株,其次是 F. solani、F. proliferatum 和 F. verticillioides 菌株。发现 Fusarium proliferatum 菌株是最严重的菌株,而 F. solani 菌株的病害严重程度最低。另一方面,利用食物中毒技术测试丙环唑杀菌剂对镰刀菌病原体的杀菌效果,结果显示编号为 OP955665 的 F. oxysporum 菌株 1 是最敏感的菌株。然而,当丙环唑浓度从 150 ppm 增加到 200 ppm 时,F. proliferatum、F. oxysporum st. 2 (OP959851) 和 F. solani 菌株没有明显反应。扫描电子显微镜证明,D. caatingaensis 对 F. proliferatum 和 F. oxysporum OP959874 菌株具有很强的拮抗活性,其作用方式是盘绕、形成附着体,导致真菌菌丝完全裂解。因此,目前的调查首次提供了与咖啡植物相关的镰刀菌菌株的监测数据,还提供了利用 D. caatingaensis 作为潜在生物控制剂的可能性,以有效管理镰刀菌植物病原体,避免真菌对杀真菌剂产生抗药性和商业杀真菌剂的有害影响,促进沙特阿拉伯咖啡的可持续种植。
{"title":"Exploring the efficacy of endophytic Diaporthe caatingaensis as a biocontrol agent targeting Fusarium strains afflicting coffee plants in Saudi Arabia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The coffee plant is a strategic crop in Saudi Arabia that makes a substantial contribution to the country’s economy. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor and control the fungal phytopathogens that affect coffee plants in order to minimize crop losses and ensure sustainable cultivation. This is the first surveillance report of <em>Fusarium</em> phytopathogens associated with coffee plants in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the antagonistic efficiency of the endophytic fungus, <em>Diaporthe caatingaensis</em>, was evaluated against the isolated <em>Fusarium</em> phytopathogens.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The isolated strains were preliminary identified using cultural and microscopic methods and the identification was confirmed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing technique. The detached leaf assay was conducted to assess the disease severity of <em>Fusarium</em> phytopathogens against detached coffee leaves. Moreover, dual culture assay was utilized to assess the antagonistic activity of <em>D. caatingaensis</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> was found to be the most frequent isolated strain followed by <em>F. solani</em>, <em>F. proliferatum</em> and <em>F. verticillioides</em> strains. <em>Fusarium proliferatum</em> strain was found to be the most severe strain whereas <em>F. solani</em> strain showed the lowest disease severity. On the other hand, propiconazole fungicide was tested for its efficiency against <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens using food poisoning technique, showing that <em>F. oxysporum</em> strain 1 of accession number OP955665 was the most sensitive strain. However, <em>F. proliferatum</em>, <em>F. oxysporum</em> st. 2 (OP959851) and <em>F. solani</em> strains showed no significant response when the propiconazole concentration increase from 150 to 200 ppm. Scanning electron microscope proved the potent antagonistic activity of <em>D. caatingaensis</em> against <em>F. proliferatum</em> and <em>F. oxysporum</em> OP959874 strains through mycoparasitic modes of action as coiling, appressorium formation resulting in complete lysis of fungal mycelium. Accordingly, the current investigation provides the first surveillance data about <em>Fusarium</em> strains associated with coffee plants and also the utilization of <em>D. caatingaensis</em> as a potential biocontrol agent for effective management of <em>Fusarium</em> phytopathogens, avoiding the incidence of fungal resistance to fungicides and the harmful effects of commercial fungicides for sustainable cultivation of coffee in Saudi Arabia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003082/pdfft?md5=fcadc1a8ee58cfeff3309420bc5464c0&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103395
Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through green synthesis route for wastewater remediation application. Pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were further characterised through various techniques like XRD, SEM, and EDS. The XRD patterns indicate pure anatase phase with space group I 41/a m d through the Rietveld refinement. The average crystalline size of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles decreases with the increment in the concentration of doping. The high agglomeration of pure and Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles is observed through SEM. EDS analysis conforms the presence of Fe, Ti, and O elements in the nanoparticles. The photo catalytic activities of pure and Fe-doped TiO2 under ultraviolet (UV) light with different concentration were investigated. The dissolved oxygen in the water increases with the increment of Fe doping and time of exposer of UV light.
通过绿色合成路线合成了纯净的和掺杂铁的二氧化钛纳米粒子,用于废水修复。通过 XRD、SEM 和 EDS 等多种技术对纯 TiO2 纳米粒子和掺铁 TiO2 纳米粒子进行了进一步表征。通过里特维尔德细化,XRD 图谱显示出空间群为 I 41/a m d 的纯锐钛矿相。掺铁二氧化钛纳米粒子的平均晶体尺寸随着掺杂浓度的增加而减小。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)可以观察到纯的和掺杂铁的二氧化钛纳米粒子高度团聚。EDS 分析表明,纳米颗粒中含有 Fe、Ti 和 O 元素。在不同浓度的紫外线(UV)照射下,研究了纯 TiO2 和掺铁 TiO2 的光催化活性。水中的溶解氧随着铁掺杂量的增加和紫外线照射时间的延长而增加。
{"title":"Structural analysis of green synthesized Fe doped TiO2 nanocomposites and their application to wastewater remediation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pure and Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized through green synthesis route for wastewater remediation application. Pure and Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were further characterised through various techniques like XRD, SEM, and EDS. The XRD patterns indicate pure anatase phase with space group I 41/a m d through the Rietveld refinement. The average crystalline size of Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles decreases with the increment in the concentration of doping. The high agglomeration of pure and Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is observed through SEM. EDS analysis conforms the presence of Fe, Ti, and O elements in the nanoparticles. The photo catalytic activities of pure and Fe-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> under ultraviolet (UV) light with different concentration were investigated. The dissolved oxygen in the water increases with the increment of Fe doping and time of exposer of UV light.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003070/pdfft?md5=fc0991adf8aa454e2f08a632c14eac0b&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103397
The traditional cubic B-spline method offers limited local control over the curve solution. Adjusting the position of a control point affects the entire curve, making it challenging to make localized changes, e.g., smoothness. Moreover, the basis functions vanish on one side by the cubic B-spline method near the end conditions where the initial and boundary conditions are applied. To address these limitations, this research proposes a new basis by including a free parameter with the purpose of modifying the weights of nearby control points. This free parameter can influence the curve’s behavior in specific regions as well as the entire curve. This modification of the cubic B-spline method was used to approximate the second-order derivative at each collocation point. The convergence test showed that the proposed method was second-order convergent. Numerical examples of ordinary differential equations were used with different step values to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The findings persistently indicated that the proposed technique provided better error estimates as compared to the other methods discussed in the literatures.
{"title":"A modified basis of cubic B-spline with free parameter for linear second order boundary value problems: Application to engineering problems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traditional cubic B-spline method offers limited local control over the curve solution. Adjusting the position of a control point affects the entire curve, making it challenging to make localized changes, e.g., smoothness. Moreover, the basis functions vanish on one side by the cubic B-spline method near the end conditions where the initial and boundary conditions are applied. To address these limitations, this research proposes a new basis by including a free parameter <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> with the purpose of modifying the weights of nearby control points. This free parameter <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> can influence the curve’s behavior in specific regions as well as the entire curve. This modification of the cubic B-spline method was used to approximate the second-order derivative at each collocation point. The convergence test showed that the proposed method was second-order convergent. Numerical examples of ordinary differential equations were used with different step values to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. The findings persistently indicated that the proposed technique provided better error estimates as compared to the other methods discussed in the literatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003094/pdfft?md5=00049932933731e41883f5b64e0bae13&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}