Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103530
Umadevi Raj , Prabhakar Sagadevan , Nazek Alessa
This study addresses the critical problem of understanding Maxwell fluids’ thermal and flow behavior in the occurrence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), radiation, and heat generation over a stretching cylinder, which is of significant importance in various industrial applications such as polymer processing and heat exchangers. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed exploration of the curvature parameter (αe) and its influence on the flow dynamics, extending beyond the scope of previous literature. The governing equations, incorporating the impacts of MHD, radiation, and heat generation, are derived and subsequently simplified using similarity transformations to convert them into ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically via the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The results are presented through tables and graphical representations to deliver clear insights into the behavior of key non-dimensional parameters. Quantitative findings reveal that the temperature profile of the fluid increases with higher heat generation and radiation, with specific enhancements observed on both flat plates (curvature parameter αe = 0) and cylindrical surfaces (αe = 1). Our results are consistent with existing studies, validating the robustness of our numerical approach.
{"title":"Effect of heat generation on MHD Maxwell fluid flow on a stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium along with impact of radiation","authors":"Umadevi Raj , Prabhakar Sagadevan , Nazek Alessa","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical problem of understanding Maxwell fluids’ thermal and flow behavior in the occurrence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), radiation, and heat generation over a stretching cylinder, which is of significant importance in various industrial applications such as polymer processing and heat exchangers. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed exploration of the curvature parameter (<em>α<sub>e</sub></em>) and its influence on the flow dynamics, extending beyond the scope of previous literature. The governing equations, incorporating the impacts of MHD, radiation, and heat generation, are derived and subsequently simplified using similarity transformations to convert them into ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically via the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The results are presented through tables and graphical representations to deliver clear insights into the behavior of key non-dimensional parameters. Quantitative findings reveal that the temperature profile of the fluid increases with higher heat generation and radiation, with specific enhancements observed on both flat plates (curvature parameter <em>α<sub>e</sub></em> = 0) and cylindrical surfaces (<em>α<sub>e</sub></em> = 1). Our results are consistent with existing studies, validating the robustness of our numerical approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103541
Suha Wazzan , Sakander Hayat , Wafi Ismail
<div><div>Cheminformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry, computer science, and information technology to process, store, analyze, and interpret chemical data. One area of cheminformatics is quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling which is a computational approach that correlates the structural attributes of chemical compounds with their physical, chemical, or biological properties to predict the behavior and characteristics of new or untested compounds. Structure descriptors deliver contemporary mathematical tools required for QSPR modeling. One of a significant class of such descriptors is graph-based descriptors known as graphical descriptors. A degree-based graphical descriptor/invariant of a <span><math><mi>υ</mi></math></span>-vertex graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> has a general structure <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>∑</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mi>π</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> is bivariate symmetric map, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> is the degree of vertex <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. For <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>∖</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, if <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> (resp. <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, then <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is called
{"title":"Optimizing structure-property models of three general graphical indices for thermodynamic properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons","authors":"Suha Wazzan , Sakander Hayat , Wafi Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cheminformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry, computer science, and information technology to process, store, analyze, and interpret chemical data. One area of cheminformatics is quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling which is a computational approach that correlates the structural attributes of chemical compounds with their physical, chemical, or biological properties to predict the behavior and characteristics of new or untested compounds. Structure descriptors deliver contemporary mathematical tools required for QSPR modeling. One of a significant class of such descriptors is graph-based descriptors known as graphical descriptors. A degree-based graphical descriptor/invariant of a <span><math><mi>υ</mi></math></span>-vertex graph <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> has a general structure <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mo>∑</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mi>π</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> is bivariate symmetric map, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> is the degree of vertex <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. For <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>∖</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, if <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> (resp. <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>deg</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, then <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> is called","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103544
Abdul Rahman , Nudrat Aisha Akram , Muhammad Ashraf , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli , Parvaiz Ahmad
To investigate the impact of exogenously applied vanillic acid (VA) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). The pea seeds were primed for 14 h in varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 mM) of VA Then, thirty-five days old pea plants were subjected to control (100 % field capacity) and water deficit conditions (60 % F.C.). After thirty days of water stress treatments, the data showed a notable reduction in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll contents. While, water deficit stress led to an increase in leaf free proline, total phenolics, glycinebetaine (GB), ascorbic acid AsA) as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. We observed that seed priming with various concentrations of vanillic acid resulted in significant enhancement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll contents, proline, total phenolics, GB, AsA and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT enzymes of pea plants. Of varying concentrations of VA, 2.0 and 4.0 mM VA were more effective in improving the plant morphology and physio-biochemical metabolites of pea plants. So the results of the present study suggested that the improvement in growth and different physio-biochemical characteristics can be attributed to the VA-induced upregulation of osmoprotection and oxidative defense system of pea plants.
为了研究外源香草酸（VA）在减轻干旱胁迫不利影响方面的作用，我们对豌豆植物（Pisum sativum L.）进行了温室实验。将豌豆种子在不同浓度（0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 和 6.0 mM）的香草酸中浸泡 14 小时，然后将 35 天大的豌豆植株置于对照（100% 田间容纳量）和缺水条件（60% F.C.）下。经过三十天的水分胁迫处理后，数据显示豌豆的嫩枝和根的鲜重和干重、嫩枝和根的长度以及叶绿素含量都明显下降。而缺水胁迫导致叶片游离脯氨酸、总酚、甘氨酸甜菜碱（GB）、抗坏血酸（AsA）以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加。我们观察到，用不同浓度的香草酸对种子进行预处理后，豌豆植株的芽和根的鲜重和干重、芽和根的长度、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸、总酚、GB、AsA 以及 POD、SOD 和 CAT 酶的活性都有显著提高。在不同浓度的 VA 中，2.0 mM 和 4.0 mM VA 对改善豌豆植株的形态和生理生化代谢物更有效。因此，本研究的结果表明，豌豆植物的生长和不同的生理生化特征的改善可归因于 VA 诱导的渗透保护和氧化防御系统的上调。
{"title":"Deciphering the role of exogenously-applied vanillic acid in regulating drought stress tolerance in pea (Pisum sativum L.): Key growth and physio-biochemical attributes","authors":"Abdul Rahman , Nudrat Aisha Akram , Muhammad Ashraf , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli , Parvaiz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of exogenously applied vanillic acid (VA) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on pea plants (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.). The pea seeds were primed for 14 h in varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 mM) of VA Then, thirty-five days old pea plants were subjected to control (100 % field capacity) and water deficit conditions (60 % F.C.). After thirty days of water stress treatments, the data showed a notable reduction in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll contents. While, water deficit stress led to an increase in leaf free proline, total phenolics, glycinebetaine (GB), ascorbic acid AsA) as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. We observed that seed priming with various concentrations of vanillic acid resulted in significant enhancement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll contents, proline, total phenolics, GB, AsA and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT enzymes of pea plants. Of varying concentrations of VA, 2.0 and 4.0 mM VA were more effective in improving the plant morphology and physio-biochemical metabolites of pea plants. So the results of the present study suggested that the improvement in growth and different physio-biochemical characteristics can be attributed to the VA-induced upregulation of osmoprotection and oxidative defense system of pea plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103545
Nur Fatin Amirah Mohd Rodzi , Shazalina Mat Zin , Syatirah Mat Zin
In this study, one-mass model of vocal cord is solved by using cubic trigonometric B-spline (CTBS) in order to generate displacements of healthy and pathological vocal cord. By utilizing CTBS, this work aims to investigate the relationship between five vocal cord conditions and its displacements generation throughout phonation process. The approximate displacements derived from CTBS are then compared to displacement generated by ode45 built-in solver through MATLAB software. The errors from both methods are then calculated which represented the effectiveness of the CTBS method in generating vocal cord displacements. Any discrepancies between the results generated by using CTBS and ode45 can be analysed to prove the reliability of CTBS method. Besides, an error analysis is demonstrated in order to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the approximate solutions. The generated approximate displacements of CTBS have shown to be approximately close to ode45 results. Thus, it can be concluded that CTBS is a reliable numerical method. The relationship between vocal cord conditions and its generated displacements has represented the distinction between healthy and pathological vocal cord outcomes. Healthy vocal cord has generated a steady decline displacements value while vocal cords with pathological condition have generated fluctuated displacement values throughout the phases of phonation process. The fluctuation trend of displacements value has revealed the irregular displacements value generation which is one of pathological vocal cord feature caused by low stiffness.
{"title":"The influence of pathological conditions on vocal cord’s displacement: A numerical method and data analysis","authors":"Nur Fatin Amirah Mohd Rodzi , Shazalina Mat Zin , Syatirah Mat Zin","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, one-mass model of vocal cord is solved by using cubic trigonometric B-spline (CTBS) in order to generate displacements of healthy and pathological vocal cord. By utilizing CTBS, this work aims to investigate the relationship between five vocal cord conditions and its displacements generation throughout phonation process. The approximate displacements derived from CTBS are then compared to displacement generated by ode45 built-in solver through MATLAB software. The errors from both methods are then calculated which represented the effectiveness of the CTBS method in generating vocal cord displacements. Any discrepancies between the results generated by using CTBS and ode45 can be analysed to prove the reliability of CTBS method. Besides, an error analysis is demonstrated in order to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the approximate solutions. The generated approximate displacements of CTBS have shown to be approximately close to ode45 results. Thus, it can be concluded that CTBS is a reliable numerical method. The relationship between vocal cord conditions and its generated displacements has represented the distinction between healthy and pathological vocal cord outcomes. Healthy vocal cord has generated a steady decline displacements value while vocal cords with pathological condition have generated fluctuated displacement values throughout the phases of phonation process. The fluctuation trend of displacements value has revealed the irregular displacements value generation which is one of pathological vocal cord feature caused by low stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amphotericin-b (AmB) is a broad-spectrum polyene macrolide antifungal and anti-Leishmaniosis. We addressed HSPiP and QbD (quality by design) oriented HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method development and validation, followed by identifying critical attributes on retention time (RT) and peak area (PA). Various quality control parameters were estimated, such as the LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) and LLOD (lower limit of detection). HSPiP and experimental solubility data were the best fit in the prediction. QbD identified acetic acid (AA) pH, column temperature, and flow rate as the prime factors having an impact on PA and RT. The optimized mobile phase included AA, acetonitrile, and methanol (05:85:10) at pH 5 fluxed into the column maintained at 30 °C. The method was sensitive, as evidenced by the low values of LLOQ (1.6 ng/mL) and LLOD (10 ng/mL) and high recovery from the plasma. The method determined pharmacokinetic parameters from the rat plasma with high accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
{"title":"HSPiP and quality by design aided optimized bioanalytical method development for amphotericin B quantification from plasma samples","authors":"Mohhammad Ramzan , Tasneem Khan , Arusha Ayub , Mudassar Shahid","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphotericin-b (AmB) is a broad-spectrum polyene macrolide antifungal and anti-<em>Leishmaniosis</em>. We addressed HSPiP and QbD (quality by design) oriented HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method development and validation, followed by identifying critical attributes on retention time (RT) and peak area (PA). Various quality control parameters were estimated, such as the LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) and LLOD (lower limit of detection). HSPiP and experimental solubility data were the best fit in the prediction. QbD identified acetic acid (AA) pH, column temperature, and flow rate as the prime factors having an impact on PA and RT. The optimized mobile phase included AA, acetonitrile, and methanol (05:85:10) at pH 5 fluxed into the column maintained at 30 °C. The method was sensitive, as evidenced by the low values of LLOQ (1.6 ng/mL) and LLOD (10 ng/mL) and high recovery from the plasma. The method determined pharmacokinetic parameters from the rat plasma with high accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and reproducibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work aims to generate highly active NiO nanoparticles (NPs) using a green method that uses Annona Reticulata leaf extract. This strategy affects the variance in annealing calefactions, hence mitigating the issue of aqua pollution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), TGDTA and adsorption–desorption isotherm are used to characterize produced NiO NPs. The phase structure as cubic of prepared specimens was observed to vary between 300 and 700 °C, according to the XRD pattern. From the UV–Vis absorbance spectra, bandgap determination of NiO NPs found in the 3.6–4 eV range. Nanoplatelets-shaped morphology with 43–47 nm particle size was determined using SEM snapshots. The destruction of organic contaminants, such as Crystal Violet (90.37 %) and Malachite green (93.33 %), was achieved in 120 min under UV light irradiation. To examine the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the antimicrobial activity of green-produced NiO NPs against Serratia marcescens (19.2 mm), Bacillus cereus (19 mm), and Aspergillus niger (22.3 mm), experiments were conducted, and the efficiency was in the order of NiO(300 °C) > NiO(700 °C) > NiO(500 °C). There was strong photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity when the sample was calcined at 300 °C. Therefore, wastewater and biomedical treatment could potentially benefit from its use.
{"title":"Annealing effects on bio-fabricated nickel oxide nanoparticles for environmental remediation: Photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activity","authors":"Monisha Ganesan , Ambrose Rejo Jeice , Prammitha Rajaram","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work aims to generate highly active NiO nanoparticles (NPs) using a green method that uses <em>Annona Reticulata</em> leaf extract. This strategy affects the variance in annealing calefactions, hence mitigating the issue of aqua pollution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), TGDTA and adsorption–desorption isotherm are used to characterize produced NiO NPs. The phase structure as cubic of prepared specimens was observed to vary between 300 and 700 °C, according to the XRD pattern. From the UV–Vis absorbance spectra, bandgap determination of NiO NPs found in the 3.6–4 eV range. Nanoplatelets-shaped morphology with 43–47 nm particle size was determined using SEM snapshots. The destruction of organic contaminants, such as Crystal Violet (90.37 %) and Malachite green (93.33 %), was achieved in 120 min under UV light irradiation. To examine the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the antimicrobial activity of green-produced NiO NPs against <em>Serratia marcescens (19.2 mm), Bacillus cereus (19 mm)</em>, and <em>Aspergillus niger (22.3 mm)</em>, experiments were conducted, and the efficiency was in the order of NiO(300 °C) > NiO(700 °C) > NiO(500 °C). There was strong photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity when the sample was calcined at 300 °C. Therefore, wastewater and biomedical treatment could potentially benefit from its use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103539
Mohamed Abdelrady , Luan Thanh Pham , Ahmed Mohamed , Saad S. Alarifi , Van Hao Duong , Musaab A.A. Mohammed
The Barramiya region holds significant importance within the Mubarak-Hamash block because of its substantial gold mining activities. The primary aim of this research is to locate the structural framework of Barramiya, a subject that has not been previously investigated. This will have an impact on the mineralization in the area. To address this issue, we have employed various analytical techniques, namely the theta (TM), tilt angle of the gradient amplitude (TAHG), second normalized gradient amplitude (STDX), gradient amplitude of NTilt (THGNTilt), logistic function of the gradient amplitude (LTHG), and gradient amplitude-based edge detection (THGED). These techniques have been applied to aeromagnetic data with the purpose of delineating the structural features of the studied region. The depth of structures in the area has also been determined through the utilization of the tilt angle-based approach. The majority of magnetic sources in the region exhibit a depth that is less than 500 m. The findings obtained in this study indicate that the edge detection filters utilized in this research can simultaneously detect the boundaries of buried geological bodies with different depths. The findings additionally indicate that the N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE directions have significant influence and control on mineralization in the Barramiya region.
{"title":"Application of the new edge filters of aeromagnetic data to detect the subsurface structural elements controlling the mineralization in the Barramiya area, Eastern Desert of Egypt","authors":"Mohamed Abdelrady , Luan Thanh Pham , Ahmed Mohamed , Saad S. Alarifi , Van Hao Duong , Musaab A.A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Barramiya region holds significant importance within the Mubarak-Hamash block because of its substantial gold mining activities. The primary aim of this research is to locate the structural framework of Barramiya, a subject that has not been previously investigated. This will have an impact on the mineralization in the area. To address this issue, we have employed various analytical techniques, namely the theta (TM), tilt angle of the gradient amplitude (TAHG), second normalized gradient amplitude (STDX), gradient amplitude of NTilt (THGNTilt), logistic function of the gradient amplitude (LTHG), and gradient amplitude-based edge detection (THGED). These techniques have been applied to aeromagnetic data with the purpose of delineating the structural features of the studied region. The depth of structures in the area has also been determined through the utilization of the tilt angle-based approach. The majority of magnetic sources in the region exhibit a depth that is less than 500 m. The findings obtained in this study indicate that the edge detection filters utilized in this research can simultaneously detect the boundaries of buried geological bodies with different depths. The findings additionally indicate that the N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE directions have significant influence and control on mineralization in the Barramiya region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103537
S.A. Al-Ghamdi
Herein, this work presents the facile synthesis of Cerium (Ce3+) doped Cobalt-manganese-iron oxide ferrite as an effective humidity sensor operated at ambient temperature. This work reports, one step solution combustion technique to synthesize Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.050 and 0.1) ferrites. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 ferrites NPs were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicates the creation of single phase in pure Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 ferrite that remains unchanged by the mechanism of Ce3+inclusion. The humidity sensing mechanism was systematically investigated using adsorption–desorption isotherms. Highest humidity sensing response was achieved for Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 (x = 0.1) ferrite of the order of 98 % in comparison to the pure Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 (x = 0) which is about 41 %. The sensors response and recovery times for the Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2−xCexO4 (x = 0.1) was recorded to be 36 s and 63 s respectively and the sensors long term stability was examined for a duration of 90 days. The results of the present investigation offer new dimensions to fabricate high performance, room temperature operable humidity sensors for next generation sensors applications.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of cerium doped Co-Mn-FeO nano ferrites as highly sensitive and fast response humidity sensors at room temperature","authors":"S.A. Al-Ghamdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, this work presents the facile synthesis of Cerium (Ce<sup>3+</sup>) doped Cobalt-manganese-iron oxide ferrite as an effective humidity sensor operated at ambient temperature. This work reports, one step solution combustion technique to synthesize Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.050 and 0.1) ferrites. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrites NPs were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicates the creation of single phase in pure Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ferrite that remains unchanged by the mechanism of Ce<sup>3+</sup>inclusion. The humidity sensing mechanism was systematically investigated using adsorption–desorption isotherms. Highest humidity sensing response was achieved for Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.1) ferrite of the order of 98 % in comparison to the pure Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0) which is about 41 %. The sensors response and recovery times for the Co<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Ce<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.1) was recorded to be 36 s and 63 s respectively and the sensors long term stability was examined for a duration of 90 days. The results of the present investigation offer new dimensions to fabricate high performance, room temperature operable humidity sensors for next generation sensors applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103542
Adel A. Abdulmanea , Naiyf S. Alharbi , Ali M. Somily , Osamah T. Khojah , Mohamed A. Farrag , Ahmed S. Alobaidi , Jamal M. Khaled
<div><div>The prevalence of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in the circulation (bacteremia) of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) may provide a substantial risk for illness and death. Strains of <em>S. aureus</em> exhibit a wide variety of virulence traits, including the ability to generate various toxins and develop treatment resistance. MRSA is characterized by its resistance to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. This study’s objectives included assessing the frequency of <em>S. aureus</em> infection in SCA patients, analyzing laboratory markers of the CBC test, examining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and investigating the <em>mecA</em> gene and heteroresistance, which could potentially link to a higher occurrence of <em>S. aureus</em> infection in SCA patients. The retrospective study was done to gather clinical data on individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who had bloodstream infections. From 2017 to 2021, blood samples and data were gathered by King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The <em>S. aureus</em> strains were re-cultivation, Vitek system and PCR techniques were employed to ascertain the antibiotic resistance patterns. It was confirmed that 2406 patients with SCD had contracted an infection. A total of 138 (5.73 %) patients with SCD were diagnosed with bacteremia. “Of the 138 strains isolated, the MRSA strain revealed as the most prevailing, including 30 isolates (21.7 %), whereas non-MRSA strains constituted 17 isolates (12.3 %).” Males had a higher rate of infection compared to females. The results indicated that all the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin, while the resistance to penicillin was 98 %. Furthermore, the results indicated that over 65 % of the isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, imipenem, and oxacillin. The <em>mecA</em> gene was identified in all <em>S. aureus</em> strains obtained from patients with SCD. The current study recognizes the PCR assay as a more dependable technique for assessing antibiotic resistances, in contrast to the Vitek method. A study found strong links between <em>S. aureus</em> infections in individuals with SCD and three different factors: hemoglobin (Hb) level, mean corpuscular volume (RDW), and white blood cell (WBC) count (p < 0.004, 0.005, and 0.02, respectively). The study revealed that 34 % of the <em>S. aureus</em> strains that were examined exhibited heteroresistance to the <em>mecA</em> gene as well as resistance to oxacillin. The results clearly demonstrated that Ampicillin, Penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, imipenem, and oxacillin are unsuitable choices for the treatment of blood infections in individuals with SCD. “The findings of this study confirmed that all <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, and more than 80 % of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and vancomycin.” Further investigation is nec
{"title":"Prevalence and antibiogram pattern of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in individuals with sickle cell disease. A retrospective study, hematological and genetic analysis","authors":"Adel A. Abdulmanea , Naiyf S. Alharbi , Ali M. Somily , Osamah T. Khojah , Mohamed A. Farrag , Ahmed S. Alobaidi , Jamal M. Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in the circulation (bacteremia) of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) may provide a substantial risk for illness and death. Strains of <em>S. aureus</em> exhibit a wide variety of virulence traits, including the ability to generate various toxins and develop treatment resistance. MRSA is characterized by its resistance to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. This study’s objectives included assessing the frequency of <em>S. aureus</em> infection in SCA patients, analyzing laboratory markers of the CBC test, examining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and investigating the <em>mecA</em> gene and heteroresistance, which could potentially link to a higher occurrence of <em>S. aureus</em> infection in SCA patients. The retrospective study was done to gather clinical data on individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who had bloodstream infections. From 2017 to 2021, blood samples and data were gathered by King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The <em>S. aureus</em> strains were re-cultivation, Vitek system and PCR techniques were employed to ascertain the antibiotic resistance patterns. It was confirmed that 2406 patients with SCD had contracted an infection. A total of 138 (5.73 %) patients with SCD were diagnosed with bacteremia. “Of the 138 strains isolated, the MRSA strain revealed as the most prevailing, including 30 isolates (21.7 %), whereas non-MRSA strains constituted 17 isolates (12.3 %).” Males had a higher rate of infection compared to females. The results indicated that all the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin, while the resistance to penicillin was 98 %. Furthermore, the results indicated that over 65 % of the isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, imipenem, and oxacillin. The <em>mecA</em> gene was identified in all <em>S. aureus</em> strains obtained from patients with SCD. The current study recognizes the PCR assay as a more dependable technique for assessing antibiotic resistances, in contrast to the Vitek method. A study found strong links between <em>S. aureus</em> infections in individuals with SCD and three different factors: hemoglobin (Hb) level, mean corpuscular volume (RDW), and white blood cell (WBC) count (p < 0.004, 0.005, and 0.02, respectively). The study revealed that 34 % of the <em>S. aureus</em> strains that were examined exhibited heteroresistance to the <em>mecA</em> gene as well as resistance to oxacillin. The results clearly demonstrated that Ampicillin, Penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, imipenem, and oxacillin are unsuitable choices for the treatment of blood infections in individuals with SCD. “The findings of this study confirmed that all <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, and more than 80 % of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and vancomycin.” Further investigation is nec","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103535
Tariq Kh. Albashr , Ahmed Y. Hamadamin , Karzan F. Namiq , Miran H. Salih , Zaid K. Khidhir , M.A. Suhaib
Fish meat is considered the second most interesting to consume in Iraq hence, consumers always consider the sensory and nutritional profile of the fish meat. The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and level of fatty acids and amino acids in Bagrus and Muraena fish fillets. These fish for this study were obtained from the upper Tigris river in the Tikrit region of Iraq, as the demand for these types of fish increased in recent years. In this work, High Performance Liquid Chromatography −UV (HPLC-UV) was used for quantification of amino acids, and atomic absorption was used for quantifying the elements. The extraction was performed by liquid –liquid extraction and purified by dispersive phase purification. Results showed that the moisture percentages in Bagrus meat were 71.36 %, while Muraena meat recorded as 71.10 %. Moreover, the protein percentages for both fish types were found as 21.36 and 21.43 % respectively. Lipid percentages in fillets of Bagrus and Muraena were 3.59 and 4.62 %, respectively. The proportion of ash was 3.01 % in Bagrus meat, while it was 2.55 % in Muraena meat. The results also presented that the Muraena has a significantly higher saturated fatty acid level (26.06 %), whereas in Bagrus meat was much less (16.6 %). The highest percentage of amino acids in Bagrus meat recorded (92.66 %), while it was 61.94 % in Muraena meat. The Bagrus meat contained essential amino acids with a higher percentage (54.04 %), compared to Muraena meat (28.55 %), non-essential Amino acids percentage also reached 47.56 % in Bagrus fish fillets. The amino acids like alanine had recorded the highest percentage among non-essential amino acids, as its level resulted in 38.62 %, while the level (33.39 %) was lower in Muraena meat.
{"title":"A comparative study of chemical composition, the level of fatty acids, amino acids and mineral elements between two types of catfish (Bagrus and Muraena) found in the upper Tigris River","authors":"Tariq Kh. Albashr , Ahmed Y. Hamadamin , Karzan F. Namiq , Miran H. Salih , Zaid K. Khidhir , M.A. Suhaib","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish meat is considered the second most interesting to consume in Iraq hence, consumers always consider the sensory and nutritional profile of the fish meat. The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and level of fatty acids and amino acids in <em>Bagrus</em> and <em>Muraena</em> fish fillets. These fish for this study were obtained from the upper Tigris river in the Tikrit region of Iraq, as the demand for these types of fish increased in recent years. In this work, High Performance Liquid Chromatography −UV (HPLC-UV) was used for quantification of amino acids, and atomic absorption was used for quantifying the elements. The extraction was performed by liquid –liquid extraction and purified by dispersive phase purification. Results showed that the moisture percentages in <em>Bagrus</em> meat were 71.36 %, while <em>Muraena</em> meat recorded as 71.10 %. Moreover, the protein percentages for both fish types were found as 21.36 and 21.43 % respectively. Lipid percentages in fillets of <em>Bagrus</em> and <em>Muraena</em> were 3.59 and 4.62 %, respectively. The proportion of ash was 3.01 % in <em>Bagrus</em> meat, while it was 2.55 % in <em>Muraena</em> meat. The results also presented that the <em>Muraena</em> has a significantly higher saturated fatty acid level (26.06 %), whereas in <em>Bagrus</em> meat was much less (16.6 %). The highest percentage of amino acids in <em>Bagrus</em> meat recorded (92.66 %), while it was 61.94 % in <em>Muraena</em> meat. The <em>Bagrus</em> meat contained essential amino acids with a higher percentage (54.04 %), compared to <em>Muraena</em> meat (28.55 %), non-essential Amino acids percentage also reached 47.56 % in <em>Bagrus</em> fish fillets. The amino acids like alanine had recorded the highest percentage among non-essential amino acids, as its level resulted in 38.62 %, while the level (33.39 %) was lower in <em>Muraena</em> meat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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