Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103549
Vita Fibriyani , Nur Chamidah , Toha Saifudin
A model built from a parametric regression model and a nonparametric regression model is called a semiparametric regression (SR) model. The main problem in the SR model is the estimation of the regression function. In this study, we develop the SR model for time series data that is called Time Series Semiparametric Regression (TSSR) model, and discuss estimation of the TSSR model by using local polynomial. Also, we apply it to data of inflation rate (IR) in Indonesia where IR is as response variable, and both IR and money supply in the previous periods are as predictor variables. Next, we compare the results of estimating the IR using the TSSR with the classical method, namely the ARIMA. Also, the TSSR has high accurate criterion for predicting the IR in Indonesia. The results of this study are useful for analyzing Indonesia’s economic growth rate, which is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
{"title":"Estimating time series semiparametric regression model using local polynomial estimator for predicting inflation rate in Indonesia","authors":"Vita Fibriyani , Nur Chamidah , Toha Saifudin","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A model built from a parametric regression model and a nonparametric regression model is called a semiparametric regression (SR) model. The main problem in the SR model is the estimation of the regression function. In this study, we develop the SR model for time series data that is called Time Series Semiparametric Regression (TSSR) model, and discuss estimation of the TSSR model by using local polynomial. Also, we apply it to data of inflation rate (IR) in Indonesia where IR is as response variable, and both IR and money supply in the previous periods are as predictor variables. Next, we compare the results of estimating the IR using the TSSR with the classical method, namely the ARIMA. Also, the TSSR has high accurate criterion for predicting the IR in Indonesia. The results of this study are useful for analyzing Indonesia’s economic growth rate, which is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103578
Serdar Yigit , Isa Yesilyurt , Soner Bitiktas , Pınar Aksu Kilicle , Lale Duysak , Muhammed Yayla , Erdem Toktay , Nilnur Eyerci , Seyit Ali Bingol , Arzu Gezer , Fatma Necmiye Kaci , Ergin Taskin , Gül Esma Akdogan , Hasan Cilgin , Ali Alper Kahraman
Aim
This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of berberine, the active compound of Berberis vulgaris plant extract, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in an ovarian ischemia–reperfusion model by utilizing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological methods.
Methods
In this experimental study, 42 adolescent female Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 7 equal groups. Under anesthesia, ischemia was induced by ligating the bilateral adnexal tissues, and after 3 h of ischemia, reperfusion was achieved by removing the adnexal ligation. Berberis vulgaris extract was administered by oral gavage 1 h after ischemia for the ischemia groups and 1 h before reperfusion for the ischemia + reperfusion groups. After 3 h of reperfusion, the experiment was terminated.
Results
The administration of Berberis vulgaris extract decreased the hemorrhagic areas, reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and decreased CYC1 immunoreactivity levels in histopathological analysis compared to the groups subjected to ischemia or ischemia + reperfusion without the plant extract. CAT, SOD, and GSH increased due to Berberis vulgaris administration while MDA levels decreased. Berberis vulgaris also downregulated TNF-α levels compared to the ischemia and ischemia + reperfusion groups.
Conclusion
Berberis vulgaris extract may have a protective effect against ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury. Further molecular studies are needed to clarify this protective effect.
{"title":"Therapeutic effect of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers of ovarian ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats","authors":"Serdar Yigit , Isa Yesilyurt , Soner Bitiktas , Pınar Aksu Kilicle , Lale Duysak , Muhammed Yayla , Erdem Toktay , Nilnur Eyerci , Seyit Ali Bingol , Arzu Gezer , Fatma Necmiye Kaci , Ergin Taskin , Gül Esma Akdogan , Hasan Cilgin , Ali Alper Kahraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of berberine, the active compound of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> plant extract, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in an ovarian ischemia–reperfusion model by utilizing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this experimental study, 42 adolescent female Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 7 equal groups. Under anesthesia, ischemia was induced by ligating the bilateral adnexal tissues, and after 3 h of ischemia, reperfusion was achieved by removing the adnexal ligation. <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract was administered by oral gavage 1 h after ischemia for the ischemia groups and 1 h before reperfusion for the ischemia + reperfusion groups. After 3 h of reperfusion, the experiment was terminated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract decreased the hemorrhagic areas, reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and decreased CYC1 immunoreactivity levels in histopathological analysis compared to the groups subjected to ischemia or ischemia + reperfusion without the plant extract. CAT, SOD, and GSH increased due to <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> administration while MDA levels decreased. <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> also downregulated <em>TNF-α</em> levels compared to the ischemia and ischemia + reperfusion groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Berberis vulgaris</em> extract may have a protective effect against ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury. Further molecular studies are needed to clarify this protective effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103569
Omar O. Abdulhadi , Hamsa A. Ali , A.S. Obaid
This study reports the synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles using a non-thermal plasma jet technique. Spectroscopic analysis (OES) of plasma was carried out at atmospheric pressure to measure the plasma parameters used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. SnO2 NPs were synthesized at different durations (3 and 5 min) using a DC-high-voltage power source with a voltage of 13 kV.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that SnO2 NPs, prepared in 3 min, are rutile tetragonal polycrystalline and have an average crystallite size of 12.45 nm. Field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM) images also show that the nanoparticles are spherical and homogenous, with an average nanostructure diameter of 22 to 58 nm for both (3 and 5 min) preparation times. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed peaks of surface plasmon resonance around 255–260 nm. The ICP-mass technique was used to evaluate nanoparticle concentrations, which were between 90–100 μg/ml. Zeta potential (ZP) measurements revealed that the particles are relatively stable colloids. The study shows that synthesized nanoparticles have exceptional antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These nanoparticles are low-cost, scalable, and can be synthesized using gas or liquid phases, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticles suitable for various pathogenic bacterial types.
{"title":"Characterization of tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by discharging the non-thermal plasma jet in liquid and their application as an antibacterial agent","authors":"Omar O. Abdulhadi , Hamsa A. Ali , A.S. Obaid","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles using a non-thermal plasma jet technique. Spectroscopic analysis (OES) of plasma was carried out at atmospheric pressure to measure the plasma parameters used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs were synthesized at different durations (3 and 5 min) using a DC-high-voltage power source with a voltage of 13 kV.</div><div>X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs, prepared in 3 min, are rutile tetragonal polycrystalline and have an average crystallite size of 12.45 nm. Field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM) images also show that the nanoparticles are spherical and homogenous, with an average nanostructure diameter of 22 to 58 nm for both (3 and 5 min) preparation times. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed peaks of surface plasmon resonance around 255–260 nm. The ICP-mass technique was used to evaluate nanoparticle concentrations, which were between 90–100 μg/ml. Zeta potential (ZP) measurements revealed that the particles are relatively stable colloids. The study shows that synthesized nanoparticles have exceptional antibacterial efficacy against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria. These nanoparticles are low-cost, scalable, and can be synthesized using gas or liquid phases, enabling the synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticles suitable for various pathogenic bacterial types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103557
Watsapon Yimkaew , Johannes Allwang , Christine M. Papadakis , Rakchart Traiphol , Nisanart Traiphol
Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) have extensively received attention as colorimetric sensors because of their stimulus-responsive properties. This contribution presents a simple technique to modify polydiacetylene/zinc (II) ion/zinc oxide (PDA/Zn2+/ZnO) nanocomposites for colorimetric detection of an anionic surfactant. Incorporation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into the nanocomposite structure is achieved through a simple mixing process in an aqueous medium. Interestingly, the resultant PDA/Zn2+/ZnO-CTAB sensors exhibit a unique yellow-to-red color change in response to the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Furthermore, the colorimetric detection of SDS at different concentrations can be achieved by varying the added CTAB concentrations. The detectable concentration range of SDS in this study extends from 0.3 to 7 mM. Our study offers a simple and low-cost method to fabricate colorimetric sensors for anionic surfactant detection using PDA materials.
{"title":"Colorimetric detection of anionic surfactant using polydiacetylene/zinc (II)/zinc oxide nanocomposites with unique yellow-to-red color transition","authors":"Watsapon Yimkaew , Johannes Allwang , Christine M. Papadakis , Rakchart Traiphol , Nisanart Traiphol","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) have extensively received attention as colorimetric sensors because of their stimulus-responsive properties. This contribution presents a simple technique to modify polydiacetylene/zinc (II) ion/zinc oxide (PDA/Zn<sup>2+</sup>/ZnO) nanocomposites for colorimetric detection of an anionic surfactant. Incorporation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into the nanocomposite structure is achieved through a simple mixing process in an aqueous medium. Interestingly, the resultant PDA/Zn<sup>2+</sup>/ZnO-CTAB sensors exhibit a unique yellow-to-red color change in response to the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Furthermore, the colorimetric detection of SDS at different concentrations can be achieved by varying the added CTAB concentrations. The detectable concentration range of SDS in this study extends from 0.3 to 7 mM. Our study offers a simple and low-cost method to fabricate colorimetric sensors for anionic surfactant detection using PDA materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103554
Hafiz Ullah , Amin Ullah , Hadia Gul , Rahat Ullah Khan , Junaid Ahmad , Rafa Almeer , Khurshid Alam , Muhammad Ayaz , Muhammad Ajmal Khan , Zafar Abbass Shah
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG12a) suppresses hepatitis B virus replication in Huh 7 cells line” [J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 36(9) (2024) 103377]","authors":"Hafiz Ullah , Amin Ullah , Hadia Gul , Rahat Ullah Khan , Junaid Ahmad , Rafa Almeer , Khurshid Alam , Muhammad Ayaz , Muhammad Ajmal Khan , Zafar Abbass Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103566
Kai Shen , Yi Li , Zhanyong Zhao , Weirong Li , Zhihui Liu , Shukhrat Giyasov , Sapar Bayarmagnai , Zhaoyang Lv , Fei Gao , Wenqing Shi , Chao Lu , Di Tie
Algae in rivers will accumulate on the surface of bridges and other structures in water with the increase of time, which will pollute the water environment and cause serious corrosion on the surface of structures. Extensive literature studies have shown that flow rate as the basic hydrodynamic condition significantly affects the growth and aggregation of algae, yet how different flow rate influences the aggregation and distribution of attached algae is relatively unexplored. In this work, used microscopic observation and high-throughput sequencing combined with a field hanging test to compare the mechanism of attachment and distribution of Nitzschia and Fragilaria at the flow rates of 0.794 m/s and 0.538 m/s, respectively. Mechanistic study shows that the high flow rate reduced the species abundance ca.10 % under the same conditions by increasing the interaction between hydrodynamic and gravity. It found an improvement in species distribution uniformity in different places and periods showed by high flow rate when contrasted with low flow rate. This mechanism offers mechanistic insights into preventing corrosion and fouling of attached algae.
{"title":"Mechanisms of attachment and distribution of Nitzschia and Fragilaria at different flow rates","authors":"Kai Shen , Yi Li , Zhanyong Zhao , Weirong Li , Zhihui Liu , Shukhrat Giyasov , Sapar Bayarmagnai , Zhaoyang Lv , Fei Gao , Wenqing Shi , Chao Lu , Di Tie","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae in rivers will accumulate on the surface of bridges and other structures in water with the increase of time, which will pollute the water environment and cause serious corrosion on the surface of structures. Extensive literature studies have shown that flow rate as the basic hydrodynamic condition significantly affects the growth and aggregation of algae, yet how different flow rate influences the aggregation and distribution of attached algae is relatively unexplored. In this work, used microscopic observation and high-throughput sequencing combined with a field hanging test to compare the mechanism of attachment and distribution of Nitzschia and Fragilaria at the flow rates of 0.794 m/s and 0.538 m/s, respectively. Mechanistic study shows that the high flow rate reduced the species abundance ca.10 % under the same conditions by increasing the interaction between hydrodynamic and gravity. It found an improvement in species distribution uniformity in different places and periods showed by high flow rate when contrasted with low flow rate. This mechanism offers mechanistic insights into preventing corrosion and fouling of attached algae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103555
Ahmad Ali AlZubi , Abdulrhman Alkhanifer
Introduction
Congenital heart disease (CHD) involves structural heart defects present from birth. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are among the most common types. Early diagnosis is important and can be done using fetal echocardiography at 12–14 weeks of gestation. However, detection rates depend on the quality of diagnostic tools and expertise. Machine learning (ML) can enhance detection through various diagnostic modalities, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and ultrasonography (US).
Aim and Objectives
This study aims to improve CHD detection by integrating fetal echocardiography with machine learning techniques.
Method
The study explores methods for detecting CHD using an online dataset, employing preprocessing, feature extraction, and deep learning classification.
Results
There was notable variability in model performance metrics. The Decision Support System for Early Prediction (DSSEP) had the highest sensitivity (80.11%) but a lower positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity compared to the Heart Deep Learning model (CDLM), which showed the highest specificity (88.25%) and PPV (91.31%). The Predictive Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects (PACHD) model had the lowest sensitivity (59.78%) and PPV (56.45%), while the Machine Learning-Based Discharge Prediction (MLBDP) model had the lowest specificity (59.78%) and the highest miss rate (40.22%). These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate models based on performance metrics.
Conclusion
The DSSEP model demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower miss rates, making it strong for early detection, whereas the CDLM model offered higher specificity and PPV, reducing false positives.
{"title":"Study on the prediction of congenital cardiac abnormalities using various Machine learning models","authors":"Ahmad Ali AlZubi , Abdulrhman Alkhanifer","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Congenital heart disease (CHD) involves structural heart defects present from birth. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are among the most common types. Early diagnosis is important and can be done using fetal echocardiography at 12–14 weeks of gestation. However, detection rates depend on the quality of diagnostic tools and expertise. Machine learning (ML) can enhance detection through various diagnostic modalities, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and ultrasonography (US).</div></div><div><h3>Aim and Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to improve CHD detection by integrating fetal echocardiography with machine learning techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study explores methods for detecting CHD using an online dataset, employing preprocessing, feature extraction, and deep learning classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was notable variability in model performance metrics. The Decision Support System for Early Prediction (DSSEP) had the highest sensitivity (80.11%) but a lower positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity compared to the Heart Deep Learning model (CDLM), which showed the highest specificity (88.25%) and PPV (91.31%). The Predictive Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects (PACHD) model had the lowest sensitivity (59.78%) and PPV (56.45%), while the Machine Learning-Based Discharge Prediction (MLBDP) model had the lowest specificity (59.78%) and the highest miss rate (40.22%). These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate models based on performance metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The DSSEP model demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower miss rates, making it strong for early detection, whereas the CDLM model offered higher specificity and PPV, reducing false positives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103534
Leo Jumadi Simanjuntak , Cheryl Grace Pratiwi Rumahorbo
Background
Phaleria macrocarpa, a medicinal plant native to Indonesia, can potentially manage oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors in pre-eclampsia. This study investigates its efficacy as a complementary therapy for pre-eclampsia.
Materials and Methods
Sixty Wistar rats (30 male, 30 females; 120–180 g) were housed at Universitas Sumatera Utara. After a two-week acclimatization, confirmed pregnant female rats were divided into six groups: C- (normal), C+ (pre-eclampsia, untreated), C1 (Nifedipine 10 mg/kg BW), T1 (Mahkota Dewa 180 mg/kg BW), T2 (360 mg/kg BW), and T3 (720 mg/kg BW). Treatment groups received daily injections of Prednisone (1.5 mg/kg BW) and 6 % NaCl for 14 days. Pre-eclampsia was confirmed with blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg. Blood samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), VEGF, and sFlt-1. Placental samples were assessed for caspase-3, −8, and −10 expression using immunohistochemistry.
Nano-herbal Mahkota Dewa shows promise as a therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia. It effectively reduces oxidative stress, improves angiogenic balance, and provides protection against placental apoptosis.
{"title":"Nano-based herbal Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) for pre-eclampsia: A histological study on placental and blood changes","authors":"Leo Jumadi Simanjuntak , Cheryl Grace Pratiwi Rumahorbo","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em>, a medicinal plant native to Indonesia, can potentially manage oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors in pre-eclampsia. This study investigates its efficacy as a complementary therapy for pre-eclampsia.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Sixty Wistar rats (30 male, 30 females; 120–180 g) were housed at Universitas Sumatera Utara. After a two-week acclimatization, confirmed pregnant female rats were divided into six groups: C- (normal), C+ (pre-eclampsia, untreated), C1 (Nifedipine 10 mg/kg BW), T1 (Mahkota Dewa 180 mg/kg BW), T2 (360 mg/kg BW), and T3 (720 mg/kg BW). Treatment groups received daily injections of Prednisone (1.5 mg/kg BW) and 6 % NaCl for 14 days. Pre-eclampsia was confirmed with blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg. Blood samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), VEGF, and sFlt-1. Placental samples were assessed for caspase-3, −8, and −10 expression using immunohistochemistry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nano-herbal formulation significantly reduced oxidative stress (lower MDA, higher SOD), restored angiogenic balance (lower sFlt-1, higher VEGF), and decreased apoptosis markers (caspase-3, −8, −10).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nano-herbal Mahkota Dewa shows promise as a therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia. It effectively reduces oxidative stress, improves angiogenic balance, and provides protection against placental apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome, triggered by SARS-CoV-2, has presented a significant global challenge in the quest for compounds capable of either preventing the virus from entering host cells or impeding its replication within cells. The long persistence of the virus in the human body reported as “Endemic COVID” has compelled discoverers to find a competent compound to control the virus in endemic form. In the present study, the plant Urena lobata has been considered to search for competent molecules to inhibit virus replication, considering the anti-viral application of plants by traditional healers across the world. In our research, we identified 47 phyto-compounds present in the methanol and ethyl acetate extract obtained from the fruit of U. lobata. Among these compounds, 41 were reported in this plant for the first time. We found trachelogenin as the most potent compound against SARS-CoV-2Mpro, determined through evaluations of protein–ligand complex compatibility, drug-likeness, and assessments of molecular dynamics RMSD and RMSF. The trachelogenin shows binding ability with domain I and II of both subunits of Mpro protein with −13.568 (ΔG PB (Kacal/mol)).
{"title":"Trachelogenin from Urena lobata demonstrates promising potentials against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (3CL Protease) of Endemic COVID","authors":"Dinesh Kumar , Somendra Kumar , Motiram Sahu , Chandramohan Govindasamy , Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome, triggered by SARS-CoV-2, has presented a significant global challenge in the quest for compounds capable of either preventing the virus from entering host cells or impeding its replication within cells. The long persistence of the virus in the human body reported as “Endemic COVID” has compelled discoverers to find a competent compound to control the virus in endemic form. In the present study, the plant <em>Urena lobata</em> has been considered to search for competent molecules to inhibit virus replication, considering the anti-viral application of plants by traditional healers across the world. In our research, we identified 47 phyto-compounds present in the methanol and ethyl acetate extract obtained from the fruit of <em>U. lobata</em>. Among these compounds, 41 were reported in this plant for the first time. We found trachelogenin as the most potent compound against SARS-CoV-2Mpro, determined through evaluations of protein–ligand complex compatibility, drug-likeness, and assessments of molecular dynamics RMSD and RMSF. The trachelogenin shows binding ability with domain I and II of both subunits of Mpro protein with −13.568 (ΔG PB (Kacal/mol)).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103581
Kirill Narozhnykh, Valeriy Petukhov, Tatiana Konovalova, Olga Sebezhko, Olga Korotkevich
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in iron accumulation in organs and tissues of cattle bred in ecologically robust zones of Western Siberia.
Methods
The authors presented 486 samples of the muscle, hair, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen from three breeds of bulls. The authors examined 84 Black Pied, Hereford, and Holstein bulls aged 16–18 months. The Black Pied bulls were bred in the Ubinsky district of the Novosibirsk region, Russia, the Hereford bulls were bred in the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region, and the Holstein bulls were bred in the Promyshlensky district of the Kemerovo region, Russia. The authors studied the chemical composition of organs and muscle tissue using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization using an MGA-1000 spectrometer.
Results
The median iron concentrations in the muscle, hair, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen were 16.5–49.1, 22.3–130, 42–70, 56.5–68.3, 39.3–52.2, and 252.2–472 mg/kg, respectively. The authors recorded the highest iron concentration in the spleen, where its concentration was significantly higher than in other organs, regardless of the breed.
Conclusion
The breed significantly affected the iron content in muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, hair, and spleen. The iron concentrations in muscle tissue, heart, and spleen were higher in Black Pied cattle, and iron concentrations in hair were lower in Holstein and Hereford cattle. Multivariate statistical methods showed high phenotypic similarity in iron accumulation in organs and tissues between Hereford and Holstein cattle. Animals’ breed and age should be considered when developing regional standards for iron content.
{"title":"Interbreed differences in iron concentration in cattle organs and tissues","authors":"Kirill Narozhnykh, Valeriy Petukhov, Tatiana Konovalova, Olga Sebezhko, Olga Korotkevich","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the differences in iron accumulation in organs and tissues of cattle bred in ecologically robust zones of Western Siberia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The authors presented 486 samples of the muscle, hair, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen from three breeds of bulls. The authors examined 84 Black Pied, Hereford, and Holstein bulls aged 16–18 months. The Black Pied bulls were bred in the Ubinsky district of the Novosibirsk region, Russia, the Hereford bulls were bred in the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region, and the Holstein bulls were bred in the Promyshlensky district of the Kemerovo region, Russia. The authors studied the chemical composition of organs and muscle tissue using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization using an MGA-1000 spectrometer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median iron concentrations in the muscle, hair, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen were 16.5–49.1, 22.3–130, 42–70, 56.5–68.3, 39.3–52.2, and 252.2–472 mg/kg, respectively. The authors recorded the highest iron concentration in the spleen, where its concentration was significantly higher than in other organs, regardless of the breed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The breed significantly affected the iron content in muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, hair, and spleen. The iron concentrations in muscle tissue, heart, and spleen were higher in Black Pied cattle, and iron concentrations in hair were lower in Holstein and Hereford cattle. Multivariate statistical methods showed high phenotypic similarity in iron accumulation in organs and tissues between Hereford and Holstein cattle. Animals’ breed and age should be considered when developing regional standards for iron content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":"36 11","pages":"Article 103581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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