Journal of King Saud University - Science最新文献_第3页

Experimental and Statistical approach to understand the adsorption properties of hazardous Cr(VI) on Al2O3@TiFe2O4 nanocomposite: An efficient adsorbent for water treatment 通过实验和统计方法了解 Al2O3@TiFe2O4 纳米复合材料对有害六价铬的吸附特性：一种用于水处理的高效吸附剂

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103455

Doping of metal oxide with other suitable component can enhance its structural and characteristic properties. At the end it improves its overall application performances. This study introduces the novel synthesis of Al₂O₃@TiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite via co-precipitation for Cr(VI) removal. Unlike previous studies, this unique material exhibits superior adsorption capacity and efficiency. The comparative analysis with existing adsorbents underscores its potential for industrial effluent treatment. The nanocomposite’s recyclability and minimal efficiency loss over multiple cycles highlight its sustainability for wastewater treatment. Overall, this research fills existing gaps by presenting an advanced, environmentally friendly adsorbent, significantly enhancing the field of wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. The nanocomposite was characterized and used to study Cr(VI) adsorption characteristics. Amount, contact time, pH, and Cr(VI) concentration were found to influence the adsorption characteristics of the nanomaterial. The operating conditions of an adsorbent Al₂O₃@TiFe₂O₄ are optimized utilizing the analysis of the adsorption kinetic data. As shown by the R² responses, which were close to unity, the adsorption behaviour of the nanomaterial is in excellent harmony with the linearized Langmuir isotherm with a maximum capacity of 312.52 mg/g. Additionally, Al₂O₃@TiFe₂O₄ active sites were more observed to be favorable for Cr(VI) ions at all experimental temperatures range, according to calculations of monolayer adsorption capacities using the Langmuir equation. The value of n was 0.40, 0.42, and 0.43, respectively 25, 35, and 45 °C. The adsorbent shows an adsorption capacity of 93 % with the RSD less than 2 %.

在金属氧化物中掺入其他合适的成分可以增强其结构和特性。最终提高其整体应用性能。本研究介绍了通过共沉淀法合成 Al2O3@TiFe2O4 纳米复合材料用于去除六价铬的新方法。与以往研究不同的是，这种独特的材料表现出卓越的吸附能力和效率。与现有吸附剂的对比分析凸显了它在工业废水处理方面的潜力。纳米复合材料的可回收性和多次循环后的最小效率损失凸显了其在废水处理方面的可持续性。总之，这项研究填补了现有空白，提出了一种先进的环保型吸附剂，极大地促进了废水处理和环境修复领域的发展。研究人员对纳米复合材料进行了表征，并利用其研究了 Cr(VI) 的吸附特性。研究发现，用量、接触时间、pH 值和六价铬浓度对纳米材料的吸附特性有影响。通过分析吸附动力学数据，优化了吸附剂 Al2O3@TiFe2O4 的操作条件。从接近统一的 R2 反应可以看出，纳米材料的吸附行为与线性化的 Langmuir 等温线非常吻合，最大吸附容量为 312.52 mg/g。此外，根据使用 Langmuir 方程计算的单层吸附容量，在所有实验温度范围内，Al2O3@TiFe2O4 的活性位点都对 Cr(VI) 离子有利。n 值分别为 0.40、0.42 和 0.43（25、35 和 45 °C）。吸附剂的吸附容量为 93%，RSD 小于 2%。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of phases and mechanical properties of magnesium-based high-entropy alloys using machine learning 利用机器学习预测镁基高熵合金的相位和机械性能

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103456

Objectives

To predict phases and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Cu-Mn-Zn alloys and to validate the results.

Methods

In this study, 29 predictor features of the alloys were examined based on dataset drawn from relevant publications. The correlation of selected predictor features with mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Cu-Mn-Zn alloys were evaluated. New features specific to vehicle and aerospace applications were used. Feature selection schemes involving four machine learning (ML) classifiers that included artificial neural networks (ANN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest regression (RF) and k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) were adopted. Tensile test was carried out based on ASTM E8 standard.

Results

Results of correlation of features showed that specific strengths and specific modulus of the alloys were strongly and positively correlated with composition of alloying elements but strongly and negatively correlated with composition of magnesium. The results also revealed that homogenization temperatures and time were weakly correlated with the mechanical properties and phases while electronegativity difference and VEC had significant positive correlation. ANN was the best performing classifier followed by k-NN, LDA, and lastly RF with prediction accuracy on test data of 98.7%, 98.1%, 97.9% and 97.8%, respectively. The validity and applicability of the model was tested with three magnesium-based alloys: Mg-80-Al-10-Cu-5-Mn-5-Zn-0, Mg-80-Al-5-Cu-5-Mn-5-Zn-5 and Mg-91.2-Al-8.3-Cu-0-Mn-0.15-Zn-0.35 and compared with findings in literature. The model had higher prediction accuracies compared to previous ML models used on magnesium alloys. The model was then used to predict phases in the Mg-89.43-Al-8.16-Cu-0.34-Mn-0.25-Zn-1.81 alloy and it accurately predicted presence of Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Mg₂Si, MgZn and MgZn₂. Results of simulation in MatCalc version 6.04 also verified presence of the phases. The phases were further confirmed through SEM/EDS analysis.

Conclusions.

Dominant strengthening phases were Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Mg₂Si, MgZn and MgZn_2. Predicted yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus were within the range of experimental results. Specific strengths and specific modulus were also within the range.

目标预测镁铝铜锰锌合金的相位和机械性能，并验证结果。方法本研究根据从相关出版物中提取的数据集，对合金的 29 个预测特征进行了研究。评估了所选预测特征与镁-铝-铜-锰-锌合金机械性能的相关性。还使用了汽车和航空航天应用的特定新特征。特征选择方案涉及四种机器学习（ML）分类器，包括人工神经网络（ANN）、线性判别分析（LDA）、随机森林回归（RF）和 k-近邻（k-NN）。结果特征相关性结果显示，合金的比强度和比模量与合金元素的组成呈强正相关，但与镁的组成呈强负相关。结果还显示，均质温度和时间与机械性能和相位的相关性较弱，而电负性差异和 VEC 具有显著的正相关性。ANN 是性能最好的分类器，其次是 k-NN、LDA，最后是 RF，对测试数据的预测准确率分别为 98.7%、98.1%、97.9% 和 97.8%。该模型的有效性和适用性通过三种镁基合金进行了测试：Mg-80-Al-10-Cu-5-Mn-5-Zn-0、Mg-80-Al-5-Cu-5-Mn-5-Zn-5 和 Mg-91.2-Al-8.3-Cu-0-Mn-0.15-Zn-0.35，并与文献研究结果进行了比较。与以前用于镁合金的 ML 模型相比，该模型具有更高的预测精度。随后，该模型被用于预测 Mg-89.43-Al-8.16-Cu-0.34-Mn-0.25-Zn-1.81 合金中的相，并准确预测了 Mg17Al12、Mg2Si、MgZn 和 MgZn2 的存在。MatCalc 6.04 版的模拟结果也证实了这些相的存在。结论：主要的强化相为 Mg17Al12、Mg2Si、MgZn 和 MgZn2。预测的屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和杨氏模量都在实验结果的范围之内。比强度和比模量也在范围之内。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater quality assessment using revised classical diagrams and compositional data analysis (CoDa): Case study of Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia 利用修订的经典图表和成分数据分析（CoDa）进行地下水质量评估：沙特阿拉伯 Wadi Ranyah 案例研究

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103463

This research aims to assess the status and chemical properties of groundwater in the shallow aquifer of the Wadi Ranyah region, Saudi Arabia, using robust statistical methods (CoDA) that take into account the unique characteristics of chemical analysis data from forty-five (45) groundwater samples collected in the Wadi Ranyah valley. A centered logarithmic transformation (clr) approach and isometric logarithmic transformation (ilr) plots for compositional data were utilized to determine the different water types and to understand the hydrogeochemical processes influencing groundwater chemistry in the region. The results of principal component analysis and K-means clustering reveal the existence of three groundwater groupings: (i) The first group occupies the recharge region with a relationship between trace metal elements (F, Pb, Mn, Zn), pH, and TDS, indicating the effect of alteration of igneous and metamorphic rock minerals. (ii) The second group characterizes the downstream part of the Al-Hujrah area with a relationship between calcium and nitrates, indicating the influence of agricultural activities. (iii) The third group, located in the Ranyah area, shows a relationship between major ions (Na⁺, SO₄²⁻, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^–, Cl⁻, K⁺), which explains water mineralization influenced by silicate weathering and evaporation phenomena. According to the modified Piper diagram (ilr Piper), two hydrochemical facies are identified. The upstream region is categorized as Ca-HCO₃^– while the downstream region is classified as Na-K-HCO₃^–. Calculated water quality index (WQI) values indicate that all Wadi Ranyah groundwater samples are of very poor quality (WQI > 300). This is due to higher concentrations of polluting elements (Pb, Mn and F), in particular the high lead concentrations which vary between 0.24 and 0.4 mg/L, and are well above the WHO limit (0.01 mg/L) for consumption of drinking water. The application of CoDA for the first time in the study region has provided a more detailed and reliable assessment of the mechanisms governing groundwater quality, permitting suggestions for the management of groundwater resources and defining future research needs.

本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯 Wadi Ranyah 地区浅含水层地下水的状况和化学性质，使用的稳健统计方法（CoDA）考虑到了从 Wadi Ranyah 谷地采集的 45 个地下水样本的化学分析数据的独特性。对成分数据采用了居中对数变换（clr）方法和等距对数变换（ilr）图，以确定不同的水类型，并了解影响该地区地下水化学的水文地质化学过程。主成分分析和 K-均值聚类的结果显示存在三个地下水组别：(i) 第一组占据补给区，微量金属元素（钙、铅、锰、锌）、pH 值和 TDS 之间存在关系，表明火成岩和变质岩矿物的蚀变作用。(ii) 第二组是 Al-Hujrah 地区下游的特征，钙和硝酸盐之间的关系表明农业活动的影响。(iii) 第三组位于 Ranyah 地区，显示了主要离子（Na+、SO42-、Mg2+、HCO3-、Cl-、K+）之间的关系，说明了水矿化受到硅酸盐风化和蒸发现象的影响。根据修改后的派珀图（ilr Piper），可确定两个水化学面。上游地区被划分为 Ca-HCO3- 型，而下游地区被划分为 Na-K-HCO3- 型。水质指数 (WQI) 计算值表明，所有 Wadi Ranyah 地下水样本的水质都很差（WQI > 300）。这是因为污染元素（铅、锰和钙）的浓度较高，尤其是铅的浓度较高，在 0.24 至 0.4 毫克/升之间，远高于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水限值（0.01 毫克/升）。首次在该研究区域应用 CoDA，对地下水水质机制进行了更详细、更可靠的评估，为地下水资源管理提供了建议，并确定了未来的研究需求。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs with antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacterial strains 生物农药与抗生素对耐多药细菌菌株的协同抗菌活性

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103461

The prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by drug resistant bacterial pathogens is a major health risk, leading to a considerable number of deaths and illnesses globally. Therefore, it is essential to develop new combinations of antimicrobial agents to effectively manage drug-resistant bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections. A current study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek). The AgNPs exhibited a spherical morphology and had an average particle size of 29.75 nm. In addition, XRD examination verified the presence of a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice structure in the biosynthesized AgNPs, while FTIR study demonstrated the existence of several functional groups such as phenols, alkanes, and amines. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited the most potent antibacterial effect against E. coli strain, with relative inhibitory zone of 18.43 ± 0.35 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/ml. In addition, the most potent antibacterial effect of AgNPs combined with colistin was observed against Acinetobacter baumannii strain, while the greatest combined efficacy of AgNPs with norfloxacin was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in a relative increase in the fold of inhibition area (IFA) of 0.53 and 0.35, respectively. In conclusion, the potent antibacterial and synergistic effect of AgNPs with antibiotics highlights their potential application of this combination in controlling nosocomial infections in health care settings.

由耐药细菌病原体引起的医院感染是一个重大的健康风险，在全球范围内导致大量死亡和疾病。因此，必须开发新的抗菌剂组合，以有效控制造成院内感染的耐药细菌。目前的一项研究旨在从葫芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecum）的种子中合成银纳米粒子（AgNPs）。AgNPs 呈球形，平均粒径为 29.75 nm。此外，X 射线衍射（XRD）检查验证了生物合成的 AgNPs 中存在面心立方（ccc）晶格结构，而傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究则表明存在多个官能团，如酚、烷和胺。生物合成的 AgNPs 对大肠杆菌菌株的抗菌效果最强，相对抑菌区为 18.43 ± 0.35 mm，最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 50 µg/ml。此外，AgNPs 与秋水仙碱联合使用对鲍曼不动杆菌的抗菌效果最强，而 AgNPs 与诺氟沙星联合使用对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌效果最强，抑制面积（IFA）分别相对增加了 0.53 倍和 0.35 倍。总之，AgNPs 与抗生素的强效抗菌和协同作用突显了这种组合在控制卫生保健环境中的院内感染方面的潜在应用。

{"title":"Synergistic antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs with antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacterial strains","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by drug resistant bacterial pathogens is a major health risk, leading to a considerable number of deaths and illnesses globally. Therefore, it is essential to develop new combinations of antimicrobial agents to effectively manage drug-resistant bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections. A current study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the seeds of <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em> (fenugreek). The AgNPs exhibited a spherical morphology and had an average particle size of 29.75 nm. In addition, XRD examination verified the presence of a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice structure in the biosynthesized AgNPs, while FTIR study demonstrated the existence of several functional groups such as phenols, alkanes, and amines. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited the most potent antibacterial effect against <em>E. coli</em> strain, with relative inhibitory zone of 18.43 ± 0.35 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/ml. In addition, the most potent antibacterial effect of AgNPs combined with colistin was observed against <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> strain, while the greatest combined efficacy of AgNPs with norfloxacin was found against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, resulting in a relative increase in the fold of inhibition area (IFA) of 0.53 and 0.35, respectively. In conclusion, the potent antibacterial and synergistic effect of AgNPs with antibiotics highlights their potential application of this combination in controlling nosocomial infections in health care settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724003732/pdfft?md5=f7086f6dcb8cc4800503db2628fc26e8&pid=1-s2.0-S1018364724003732-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological assessment of delphinidin in counteracting polystyrene microplastic induced renal dysfunction in rats 德尔菲尼丁对抗聚苯乙烯微塑料诱发的大鼠肾功能障碍的药理评估

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103462

Polystyrene microplastics (PSMP) are toxic environmental contaminants which can damage various body organs including kidneys. Delphinidin (DEL) is a potential anthocyanidin flavonoid with significant pharmacological benefits. This research was conducted to analyze the protective effect of DEL to avert PSMP prompted renal dysfunction. Rats (n = 24) were divided into 4 separate groups: Control, PSMP (0.01 mgkg⁻¹), PSMP (0.01 mgkg⁻¹) + DEL (25 mgkg⁻¹) and only DEL (25 mgkg⁻¹). Our results showed that PSMP exposure reduced the expressions of Nrf-2 and antioxidant genes while increasing the expression of Keap1. Besides, PSMP intoxication escalated the level of kidney injury markers (urea, KIM-1, creatinine and NGAL) while inducing substantial reduction in the levels of creatinine clearance. Moreover, PSMP significantly reduced the levels of GSH, GST, SOD, HO-1, CAT, GSR, GPx while escalating MDA and ROS. Conversely, inflammatory biomarkers including IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kB, IL-6 and COX-2 activity were increased due to PSMP intoxication. Our results showed that PSMP administration increased the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. However, DEL treatment significantly restored the PSMP-induced renal impairments. Therefore, it is suggested that DEL could be used as a therapeutic compound to alleviate PSMP-induced kidney damage in rats, possibly due to its strong pharmacological properties.

聚苯乙烯微塑料（PSMP）是一种有毒的环境污染物，会损害包括肾脏在内的多个人体器官。Delphinidin（DEL）是一种潜在的花青素类黄酮，具有显著的药理作用。本研究旨在分析 DEL 对避免 PSMP 引起的肾功能障碍的保护作用。大鼠（n = 24）被分为 4 组：对照组、PSMP（0.01 毫克/公斤-1）组、PSMP（0.01 毫克/公斤-1）+ DEL（25 毫克/公斤-1）组和仅 DEL（25 毫克/公斤-1）组。结果表明，PSMP 暴露降低了 Nrf-2 和抗氧化基因的表达，同时增加了 Keap1 的表达。此外，PSMP 中毒会使肾损伤标志物（尿素、KIM-1、肌酐和 NGAL）水平升高，同时导致肌酐清除率水平大幅下降。此外，PSMP 还大大降低了 GSH、GST、SOD、HO-1、CAT、GSR 和 GPx 的水平，同时增加了 MDA 和 ROS。相反，PSMP 中毒导致炎症生物标志物（包括 IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-kB、IL-6 和 COX-2 活性）增加。我们的研究结果表明，PSMP 会增加 Bax 和 caspase-3 的表达，同时降低 Bcl-2 的表达。然而，DEL 治疗可明显恢复 PSMP 引起的肾功能损伤。因此，我们认为 DEL 可作为一种治疗化合物来减轻 PSMP 诱导的大鼠肾损伤，这可能是由于它具有很强的药理特性。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative review of processing methods for graphene-based hybrid filler polymer composites and enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties 石墨烯基混合填料聚合物复合材料加工方法的比较综述以及增强的机械、热和电气性能

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103457

Graphene-based hybrid filler polymer composites represent a significant advancement in materials science and engineering due to graphene’s remarkable mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates both traditional (e.g., mechanical and solution mixing) and modern fabrication techniques (e.g., in situ polymerization, chemical modification, electrospinning, and layer-by-layer assembly) employed in the synthesis of these composites, comparing their effectiveness in enhancing material properties such as strength, thermal stability, and conductivity. Emphasizing the synergistic interactions between graphene and other fillers within polymer matrices, the paper discusses mechanisms that lead to superior composite performance. A thorough survey of the literature highlights successful examples where these composites have demonstrated significant advancements in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Three detailed tables summarize findings from published studies, illustrating the enhanced properties and achievements at various filler concentrations across different preparation methods. The review concludes by outlining future research directions aimed at optimizing graphene hybrid filler polymer composites for broader scientific and industrial utilization. By consolidating current knowledge and providing a practical resource, this review aims to guide researchers and practitioners in harnessing the full potential of these advanced materials.

石墨烯具有卓越的机械、热和电特性，因此石墨烯基混合填料聚合物复合材料代表了材料科学与工程领域的一大进步。本综述系统地评估了合成这些复合材料所采用的传统（如机械和溶液混合）和现代制造技术（如原位聚合、化学改性、电纺丝和逐层组装），比较了它们在增强材料性能（如强度、热稳定性和导电性）方面的有效性。论文强调了石墨烯与聚合物基质中其他填料之间的协同作用，讨论了导致优异复合材料性能的机理。通过对文献的深入研究，重点介绍了这些复合材料在机械、热和电性能方面取得显著进步的成功案例。三个详细的表格总结了已发表的研究结果，说明了不同制备方法在不同填料浓度下增强的性能和取得的成果。综述最后概述了未来的研究方向，旨在优化石墨烯混合填料聚合物复合材料，使其在科学和工业领域得到更广泛的应用。通过整合当前知识并提供实用资源，本综述旨在指导研究人员和从业人员充分利用这些先进材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Valorisation of Citrus limetta peel for Aspergillus terreus FP6 mediated pectinase fermentation and application in grape juice clarification 柑橘类果皮在土曲霉 FP6 介导的果胶酶发酵中的价值及在葡萄汁澄清中的应用

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103454

Objectives

The present investigation highlights the process parameters influencing the pectinase fermentation by a newly isolated Aspergillus terreus using valorised agro-wastes and determination of the efficacy of the pectinase in grape juice clarification.

Methods

The fungal pectinase was produced under submerged fermentation with the optimisation of carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH of the medium, inoculum load, incubation time and effect of agitation. The pectinase was later used for the clarification of grape juice and improvement of its total phenolic content.

Results and Conclusions

Medium supplemented with sweet lime peel and yeast extract (1 % w/v), at initial pH 6.0, when incubated for 72 h under agitated conditions favoured the highest pectinase production by the fungal culture. Following the pectinase action for 1 and 3 h, the grape juice clarification percentages and total phenolic content were 34.21 %, 69.54 %, 3004, and 3484 mg GAE/L, respectively. The results highlight the valorisation of sweet lime peel for the industrial production of fungal pectinase. The study pronounces the cost-effective pectinase fermentation due to the fungi’s non-fastidious nutritional requirement and ubiquitous nature. The increase in the grape juice clarification and total phenolic content following the A. terreus FP6 pectinase treatment was significantly superior to similar commercial enzyme formulations. The result advocates the candidature of the enzyme in the beverage industry, where it can help mediate a greener approach for fruit juice clarification.

方法在浸没发酵条件下生产真菌果胶酶，优化碳源和氮源、培养基初始 pH 值、接种量、培养时间和搅拌效果。结果和结论在初始 pH 值为 6.0 的培养基中添加甜酸橙皮和酵母提取物（1 % w/v），在搅拌条件下培养 72 小时后，真菌培养物产生的果胶酶最高。果胶酶作用 1 和 3 小时后，葡萄汁澄清率和总酚含量分别为 34.21 %、69.54 %、3004 和 3484 mg GAE/L。结果凸显了甜酸橙皮在工业化生产真菌果胶酶方面的价值。由于真菌对营养的要求不苛刻，而且无处不在，因此这项研究表明果胶酶发酵具有成本效益。经 A. terreus FP6 果胶酶处理后，葡萄汁澄清度和总酚含量的提高明显优于类似的商业酶制剂。这一结果证明了该酶在饮料行业中的候选地位，它有助于为果汁澄清提供一种更环保的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Aberrant hepatic glucose levels and cellular damage reversed by Cucurbita maxima blossoms on experimental models 葫芦花可逆转实验模型的肝糖水平异常和细胞损伤

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103452

Objectives

Investigate the ameliorating effects of Pumpkin flowers (Cucurbita maxima) 10% and 20% fortified cake on cellular damage caused by alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Forty adult male albino rats of approximately weigh about 180 ± 5 g were obtained and divided into five distinct groups to determine the effect of C. maxima flowers enriched (CMFP) cake two different concentrations (10 % and 20 %) had any beneficial impacts on rats with a single dose of 40 mg/kg alloxan to induce diabetes.

Results

The observations on the blood insulin, blood sugar, lipid profile, serum liver biomarkers, lipid peroxidation enzyme markers, and pro-oxidative mediators showed that oral administration of 10% and 20% CMFP cake lowers the blood sugar, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglyceride (TG). In rat treated with alloxan, the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive compounds (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) were significantly reduced. Moreover, blood serum insulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased simultaneously; These results verified that the 20% CMFP cake was the best treatment specially in decreasing hepatic lipid peroxidation with levels between 54%, 49.5% and 75.2 % for LOOH, CD and TBARS consequently.

Conclusion

Since, pumpkin blossoms contains a wide range of phytonutrients, pumpkin blossom has the potential to be a functional food source to incorporate into diabetics’ diets to manage the disease.

目的研究南瓜花（Cucurbita maxima）10%和 20%强化饼对阿脲诱导的糖尿病大鼠造成的细胞损伤的改善作用。方法取体重约为 180±5 g 的成年雄性白化大鼠 40 只，分为 5 组，测定两种不同浓度（10% 和 20%）的南瓜花强化饼对单剂量 40 mg/kg 阿脲诱导的糖尿病大鼠的影响。结果对血胰岛素、血糖、血脂、血清肝脏生物标志物、脂质过氧化酶标志物和促氧化介质的观察表明，口服 10% 和 20% CMFP 饼可降低血糖、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)、极低密度脂蛋白 (VLDL) 和甘油三酯 (TG)。接受阿脲治疗的大鼠体内丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）的水平以及丙二醛（MDA）、硫代巴比妥酸活性化合物（TBARS）、共轭二烯（CD）和脂质氢过氧化物（LOOH）的水平均显著降低。此外，血清胰岛素、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 也同时增加。结论由于南瓜花含有多种植物营养素，南瓜花有可能成为一种功能性食物来源，纳入糖尿病患者的饮食中以控制疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Ameliorating Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed and Peel Extracts with Selenium on Ochratoxin-A Exposed Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats 含硒葡萄籽和果皮提取物对赭曲霉毒素-A 暴露的雄性 Wistar 大鼠肾功能障碍的改善作用

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103453

Background and Aim

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is extensively documented as the initial stage of kidney disease that particularly results in acute renal injury and chronic renal dysfunction. The single and combined effect of grape peel extract (GPE), grape seed extracts (GSE) and selenium (Sel) were investigated in current study for controlling of renal injury induced by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) in male rats.

Methods

Forty nine male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 10 g were injected with OTA (0.5 mg/kg bw) to induce nephrotoxicity, then treated with singleand combined applications of GSE, GPE and Sel. In addition, the OTA induced nephrotoxicity rats were screened for various biological and physiological parameters like food ingestion, body weight gain, liver weight, serum kidney biomarkers, serum lipid fractions, enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation indicators and histopathological studies.

Results

Our findings suggested that the combination of GSE 2 % and Sel (50–50) treatment reduced renal dysfunction in OTA-induced rats by significantly lowering lipid peroxidation indicators, lipid and kidneys profiles and enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants biomarkers followed by GSE 2 % then Selenium (0.4 mg/kg) in OTA. Histological analysis of the kidney revealed more severe renal tubule degeneration in OTA-induced rats, While GSE and GPE combonation showed only moderate glomerular tuft enlargement and minimal renal tubule deterioration. Furthermore, the combination of GSE 2 %+Sel (50–50) revealed normal histological structure.

Conclusions

Grape seed extracts along with selenium mightbe used as dietary supplements to reduce renal toxicity induced by chemicals or compounds that cause nephrotoxicity.

背景和目的药物诱导的肾毒性被广泛认为是肾脏疾病的初始阶段，尤其会导致急性肾损伤和慢性肾功能障碍。本研究探讨了葡萄皮提取物（GPE）、葡萄籽提取物（GSE）和硒（Sel）对控制赭曲霉毒素-A（OTA）诱导的雄性大鼠肾损伤的单一和联合作用。方法给 49 只体重为 200 ± 10 克的雄性 Wistar 大鼠注射 OTA（0.5 毫克/千克体重）以诱导肾毒性，然后用 GSE、GPE 和 Sel 的单一和联合应用进行治疗。此外，还对 OTA 诱导的肾毒性大鼠进行了各种生物和生理指标的筛查，如食物摄入量、体重增加、肝脏重量、血清肾脏生物标志物、血清脂质组分、酶和非酶脂质过氧化指标以及组织病理学研究。结果我们的研究结果表明，GSE 2 % 和硒（50-50）联合治疗可显著降低脂质过氧化指标、血脂和肾脏概况，增强酶和非酶抗氧化剂生物标志物，从而减轻 OTA 诱导的大鼠肾功能障碍，其次是 GSE 2 % 和硒（0.4 mg/kg）。对肾脏的组织学分析表明，OTA 诱导的大鼠肾小管退化更为严重，而 GSE 和 GPE 组合只显示出中度的肾小球簇扩大和轻微的肾小管退化。结论葡萄籽提取物和硒可用作膳食补充剂，以减少由化学物质或导致肾毒性的化合物引起的肾毒性。

{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed and Peel Extracts with Selenium on Ochratoxin-A Exposed Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aim</h3><div>Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is extensively documented as the initial stage of kidney disease that particularly results in acute renal injury and chronic renal dysfunction. The single and combined effect of grape peel extract (GPE), grape seed extracts (GSE) and selenium (Sel) were investigated in current study for controlling of renal injury induced by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) in male rats<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty nine male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 10 g were injected with OTA (0.5 mg/kg bw) to induce nephrotoxicity, then treated with singleand combined applications of GSE, GPE and Sel. In addition, the OTA induced nephrotoxicity rats were screened for various biological and physiological parameters like food ingestion, body weight gain, liver weight, serum kidney biomarkers, serum lipid fractions, enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation indicators and histopathological studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings suggested that the combination of GSE 2 % and Sel (50–50) treatment reduced renal dysfunction in OTA-induced rats by significantly lowering lipid peroxidation indicators, lipid and kidneys profiles and enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants biomarkers followed by GSE 2 % then Selenium (0.4 mg/kg) in OTA. Histological analysis of the kidney revealed more severe renal tubule degeneration in OTA-induced rats, While GSE and GPE combonation showed only moderate glomerular tuft enlargement and minimal renal tubule deterioration. Furthermore, the combination of GSE 2 %+Sel (50–50) revealed normal histological structure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Grape seed extracts along with selenium mightbe used as dietary supplements to reduce renal toxicity induced by chemicals or compounds that cause nephrotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University - Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green technology based agricultural product quality and market prices in China 基于绿色技术的中国农产品质量和市场价格

IF 3.7 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Journal of King Saud University - Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103451

Agriculture is a substantial contribution to world economies, and its environmental influence cannot be overstated. As a result, agricultural production has changed over time to incorporate more environmentally friendly practices, such as the usage of green technologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of agri and green technology adoption on agricultural product market prices, with an emphasis on product quality and environmental consciousness. Surveys were used to collect data from 750 agricultural producers and consumers, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship between technology adoption, product quality, environmental consciousness, and market prices. The data show that there is a considerable positive association between green technology adoption and product quality, which has a favorable impact on market prices. Likewise, the impact of agricultural technology adoption on product quality and market pricing was statistically significant. The study also discovered that consumer environmental knowledge has a considerable positive effect on market prices. These findings show that more investment in green technology adoption is required to improve product quality and meet the growing demand for ecologically friendly agricultural products. Likewise, efforts to raise consumer environmental awareness may help drive market prices higher and incentivize producers to adopt more sustainable farming practices. This study emphasizes the necessity of sustainable agriculture practices and the need to promote the adoption of green technologies in order to ensure the agricultural industry’s long-term sustainability.

农业对世界经济做出了巨大贡献，其对环境的影响怎么强调都不为过。因此，随着时间的推移，农业生产也发生了变化，纳入了更多环保做法，如使用绿色技术。本研究旨在调查农业和绿色技术的采用对农产品市场价格的影响，重点关注产品质量和环保意识。通过调查收集了 750 名农产品生产者和消费者的数据，并进行了统计分析，以确定技术采用、产品质量、环保意识和市场价格之间的关系。数据显示，绿色技术的采用与产品质量之间存在相当大的正相关关系，对市场价格产生有利影响。同样，农业技术的采用对产品质量和市场价格的影响也具有统计学意义。研究还发现，消费者的环境知识对市场价格有相当大的积极影响。这些研究结果表明，要提高产品质量，满足人们对生态友好型农产品日益增长的需求，就必须加大对绿色技术应用的投资。同样，努力提高消费者的环保意识也有助于提高市场价格，激励生产者采用更可持续的耕作方式。本研究强调了可持续农业实践的必要性和促进采用绿色技术的必要性，以确保农业产业的长期可持续性。

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引用次数: 0