Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.001
Shuya Mao , Di Mei , Weizheng Cui , Mengyao Liu , Jiale Xu , Shijie Zhu , Liguo Wang , Shaokang Guan
Magnesium alloys hold promise as biodegradable orthopedic implants but suffer from rapid corrosion and poor corrosion fatigue performance. This study evaluates the efficacy of a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) layer combined with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) sealing in enhancing the corrosion fatigue behavior of ZE21B magnesium alloy in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Electrochemical testing revealed a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to bare alloy, while immersion tests demonstrated sustained protection against degradation. Corrosion fatigue experiments under cyclic loading showed stress-dependent performance: the composite coating improved fatigue life at low stress amplitudes (60 MPa) by mitigating corrosion pit formation, but interfacial weakness between GPTMS and MAO layers reduced performance at high stresses (90–80 MPa). Fractographic analysis identified asynchronous deformation and stress gradient-dependent coating spallation as key failure modes. These results provide mechanistic insights into coating degradation pathways and offer design strategies for developing robust surface modification systems to advance magnesium-based orthopedic applications.
{"title":"The performance degradation of MAO/GPTMS coating on magnesium alloy under combined corrosive environment and cyclic loading","authors":"Shuya Mao , Di Mei , Weizheng Cui , Mengyao Liu , Jiale Xu , Shijie Zhu , Liguo Wang , Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium alloys hold promise as biodegradable orthopedic implants but suffer from rapid corrosion and poor corrosion fatigue performance. This study evaluates the efficacy of a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) layer combined with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) sealing in enhancing the corrosion fatigue behavior of ZE21B magnesium alloy in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Electrochemical testing revealed a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to bare alloy, while immersion tests demonstrated sustained protection against degradation. Corrosion fatigue experiments under cyclic loading showed stress-dependent performance: the composite coating improved fatigue life at low stress amplitudes (60 MPa) by mitigating corrosion pit formation, but interfacial weakness between GPTMS and MAO layers reduced performance at high stresses (90–80 MPa). Fractographic analysis identified asynchronous deformation and stress gradient-dependent coating spallation as key failure modes. These results provide mechanistic insights into coating degradation pathways and offer design strategies for developing robust surface modification systems to advance magnesium-based orthopedic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 5949-5967"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.032
Junying Liu , Xuehua Wu , Dongsheng Wang , Chunrong Pan , Renkai Huang , Fang Deng , Cijun Shuai , Joseph Buhagiar , Jing Bai , Youwen Yang
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has revolutionized modern manufacturing by enabling high design freedom, rapid prototyping, and tailored mechanical properties. However, optimizing process parameters remains challenging due to the trial-and-error approaches required to capture subtle parameter-microstructure relationships. This study employed a multi-physics computational framework to investigate the melting and solidification dynamics of magnesium alloy. By integrating the discrete element method for powder bed generation, finite volume method with volume of fluid for melt pool behavior, and phase-field method for microstructural evolution, the critical physical phenomena, including powder melting, molten pool flow, and directional solidification were simulated. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on temperature distribution, melt pool geometry, and dendritic morphology were systematically analyzed. It was revealed that increasing laser power expanded melt pool dimensions and promoted columnar dendritic growth, while high scanning speeds reduced melt pool stability and refined dendritic structures. Furthermore, Marangoni convection and thermal gradients governed solute redistribution, with excessive energy input risking defects such as porosity and elemental evaporation. These insights establish quantitative correlations between process parameters, thermal history, and microstructural characteristics, providing a validated roadmap for LPBF-processed magnesium alloy with tailored performance.
{"title":"Multi-physics modeling of laser melted magnesium alloy: Bridging melt pool dynamics to microstructure evolution","authors":"Junying Liu , Xuehua Wu , Dongsheng Wang , Chunrong Pan , Renkai Huang , Fang Deng , Cijun Shuai , Joseph Buhagiar , Jing Bai , Youwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has revolutionized modern manufacturing by enabling high design freedom, rapid prototyping, and tailored mechanical properties. However, optimizing process parameters remains challenging due to the trial-and-error approaches required to capture subtle parameter-microstructure relationships. This study employed a multi-physics computational framework to investigate the melting and solidification dynamics of magnesium alloy. By integrating the discrete element method for powder bed generation, finite volume method with volume of fluid for melt pool behavior, and phase-field method for microstructural evolution, the critical physical phenomena, including powder melting, molten pool flow, and directional solidification were simulated. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on temperature distribution, melt pool geometry, and dendritic morphology were systematically analyzed. It was revealed that increasing laser power expanded melt pool dimensions and promoted columnar dendritic growth, while high scanning speeds reduced melt pool stability and refined dendritic structures. Furthermore, Marangoni convection and thermal gradients governed solute redistribution, with excessive energy input risking defects such as porosity and elemental evaporation. These insights establish quantitative correlations between process parameters, thermal history, and microstructural characteristics, providing a validated roadmap for LPBF-processed magnesium alloy with tailored performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 6167-6182"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.024
Jiaping Han , Jingpeng Xia , Hao Zhang , Wanyu Zhao , Hongshan San , Yan Liu , Jirui Ma , Maria Serdechnova , Wojciech Simka , Xiaopeng Lu , Carsten Blawert , Mikhail L. Zheludkevich , Hui Chen
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printed porous Mg alloys is considered a significant milestone in the development of metal-based degradable implants. However, the poor corrosion resistance of additively manufactured Mg alloys, along with the occurrences of inflammation and bacterial infections following implantation, pose critical challenges. In this study, two drug-loaded coatings were prepared within a porous Mg alloy using in situ incorporation and post-deposition of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to enhance corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and biological compatibility combined with plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The results revealed that in situ incorporation of LDH capsules effectively reduced the porosity of the PEO layer and improved the long-term corrosion resistance of the coating. The post-deposited LDH layer effectively sealed the PEO layer, demonstrating highly stable corrosion resistance during 7 d electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test, with the impedance modulus at 10–2 Hz stabilizing at 5 × 105 Ω·cm2. After soaking, the surface morphology of the in situ drug-loaded PEO coating exhibited more cracks and defects, whereas the PEO-LDH coating maintained a relatively dense morphology. Among the tested samples, the PEO-LDH coating showed the best performance in terms of corrosion resistance, cell proliferation and differentiation capabilities, and antibacterial efficacy (>99%). Its strong compatibility with the porous structure of 3D-printed Mg alloy highlights the potential of this coating system for biomedical applications. The design strategy proposed in this study offers valuable insights for future development of drug-loaded coatings for 3D-printed porous materials.
{"title":"Coordinated control of drug release and corrosion resistance for 3D-printed porous Mg alloy in bone implant applications","authors":"Jiaping Han , Jingpeng Xia , Hao Zhang , Wanyu Zhao , Hongshan San , Yan Liu , Jirui Ma , Maria Serdechnova , Wojciech Simka , Xiaopeng Lu , Carsten Blawert , Mikhail L. Zheludkevich , Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printed porous Mg alloys is considered a significant milestone in the development of metal-based degradable implants. However, the poor corrosion resistance of additively manufactured Mg alloys, along with the occurrences of inflammation and bacterial infections following implantation, pose critical challenges. In this study, two drug-loaded coatings were prepared within a porous Mg alloy using in situ incorporation and post-deposition of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to enhance corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and biological compatibility combined with plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The results revealed that in situ incorporation of LDH capsules effectively reduced the porosity of the PEO layer and improved the long-term corrosion resistance of the coating. The post-deposited LDH layer effectively sealed the PEO layer, demonstrating highly stable corrosion resistance during 7 d electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test, with the impedance modulus at 10<sup>–2</sup> Hz stabilizing at 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>. After soaking, the surface morphology of the in situ drug-loaded PEO coating exhibited more cracks and defects, whereas the PEO-LDH coating maintained a relatively dense morphology. Among the tested samples, the PEO-LDH coating showed the best performance in terms of corrosion resistance, cell proliferation and differentiation capabilities, and antibacterial efficacy (>99%). Its strong compatibility with the porous structure of 3D-printed Mg alloy highlights the potential of this coating system for biomedical applications. The design strategy proposed in this study offers valuable insights for future development of drug-loaded coatings for 3D-printed porous materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 6252-6273"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.026
Chen Li , Wei Liang , Lifei Wang , Quanxin Shi , Peng Lin , Xing Zhang , Wanggang Zhang , Shuyong Jiang
A strong basal texture is typically developed in magnesium alloy sheets that have been subjected to the rolling process. Consequently, their mechanical properties and formability are significantly impaired, which in turn restricts potential applications. In this study, an innovative texture-altering technique, which involves in-plane free compression and width-constrained rolling (FCWR), is used for AZ31 alloy sheets in order to manufacture magnesium alloy sheets with both high strength and high ductility. During FCWR deformation process, a substantial number of tensile twins and a small quantity of (102) - (012) twin-twin boundaries are induced to coordinate plastic deformation. It is precisely the presence of such crossed twins that impedes the detwinning of partial twins under low-stress conditions. The retained twins hinder the motion of dislocation, thereby enhancing the strength. Specifically, the yield strength of preset crossed twins sample along rolling direction, 45° and transverse direction has increased by 105 %, 16.8 % and 23 %, respectively. Additionally, the ultimate tensile strength along these three directions has increased by 42.7 %, 25.5 % and 34.8 %, respectively. The twin boundaries in FCWR sample consist of steps, which correspond to basal - prismatic (BP/PB) boundaries that connect straight terraces which are parallel to theoretical {102} twin boundaries. Furthermore, as the number of processing passes increases, the step features become more pronounced. Compared with the as-received sample, the YS enhancement in the sample prepared via the second pass of the FCWR process is attributed to two primary mechanisms: grain refinement strengthening contributes 61 MPa, while dislocation strengthening accounts for 90 MPa.
{"title":"The mechanism of pre-twinning on enhancing strength of AZ31 magnesium alloy","authors":"Chen Li , Wei Liang , Lifei Wang , Quanxin Shi , Peng Lin , Xing Zhang , Wanggang Zhang , Shuyong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A strong basal texture is typically developed in magnesium alloy sheets that have been subjected to the rolling process. Consequently, their mechanical properties and formability are significantly impaired, which in turn restricts potential applications. In this study, an innovative texture-altering technique, which involves in-plane free compression and width-constrained rolling (FCWR), is used for AZ31 alloy sheets in order to manufacture magnesium alloy sheets with both high strength and high ductility. During FCWR deformation process, a substantial number of tensile twins and a small quantity of (10<span><math><mover><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></math></span>2) - (01<span><math><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>2) twin-twin boundaries are induced to coordinate plastic deformation. It is precisely the presence of such crossed twins that impedes the detwinning of partial twins under low-stress conditions. The retained twins hinder the motion of dislocation, thereby enhancing the strength. Specifically, the yield strength of preset crossed twins sample along rolling direction, 45° and transverse direction has increased by 105 %, 16.8 % and 23 %, respectively. Additionally, the ultimate tensile strength along these three directions has increased by 42.7 %, 25.5 % and 34.8 %, respectively. The twin boundaries in FCWR sample consist of steps, which correspond to basal - prismatic (BP/PB) boundaries that connect straight terraces which are parallel to theoretical {10<span><math><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>2} twin boundaries. Furthermore, as the number of processing passes increases, the step features become more pronounced. Compared with the as-received sample, the YS enhancement in the sample prepared via the second pass of the FCWR process is attributed to two primary mechanisms: grain refinement strengthening contributes 61 MPa, while dislocation strengthening accounts for 90 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 6274-6297"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.014
Xiaoying Yang , Xinqiang Wang , Ruijie Liu , Yanxia Liu , Zhenglong Li , Wengang Cui , Fulai Qi , Yaxiong Yang , Jian Chen , Hongge Pan
The role of catalysts in enhancing the hydrogen storage kinetics of the Mg/MgH2 system is pivotal. However, the exploration of efficient catalysts and the underlying principles of their design remain both a prominent focus and a significant challenge in current research. In this study, we present a bimetallic oxide of Bi2Ti2O7 hollow sphere as a highly effective catalyst for MgH2. As a result, the Bi2Ti2O7-catalyzed Mg/MgH2 system lowers the hydrogen desorption initiation temperature to 194.3 °C, reduces the peak desorption temperature to 245.6 °C, decreases the dehydrogenation activation energy to 82.14 kJ·mol−1, and can absorb 5.4 wt. % of hydrogen within 60 s at 200 °C, demonstrating outstanding hydrogen ab/desorption kinetics, compared to pure MgH2. Additionally, it can maintain a high hydrogen capacity of 5.2 wt. %, even after 50 dehydrogenation cycles, showing good cycle stability. The characterization results show that the high-valent Bi and Ti in Bi2Ti2O7 are reduced to their low-valent or even zero-valent metallic states during the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation process, thus establishing an in-situ multivalent and multi-element catalytic environment. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the synergistic effects between Bi and Ti in the Bi-Ti mixed oxide facilitate the cleavage of Mg-H bonds and lower the kinetic barrier for the dissociation of hydrogen molecules, thereby substantially enhancing the kinetics of the Mg/MgH2 system. This study presents a strategic method for developing efficient catalysts for hydrogen storage materials by harnessing the synergistic effects of metal elements.
{"title":"Enhancing hydrogen storage performance of MgH2 with hollow Bi2Ti2O7 catalyst: Synergistic effects of Bi2Mg3 alloy phase and Ti polyvalency","authors":"Xiaoying Yang , Xinqiang Wang , Ruijie Liu , Yanxia Liu , Zhenglong Li , Wengang Cui , Fulai Qi , Yaxiong Yang , Jian Chen , Hongge Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of catalysts in enhancing the hydrogen storage kinetics of the Mg/MgH<sub>2</sub> system is pivotal. However, the exploration of efficient catalysts and the underlying principles of their design remain both a prominent focus and a significant challenge in current research. In this study, we present a bimetallic oxide of Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> hollow sphere as a highly effective catalyst for MgH<sub>2</sub>. As a result, the Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>-catalyzed Mg/MgH<sub>2</sub> system lowers the hydrogen desorption initiation temperature to 194.3 °C, reduces the peak desorption temperature to 245.6 °C, decreases the dehydrogenation activation energy to 82.14 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, and can absorb 5.4 wt. % of hydrogen within 60 s at 200 °C, demonstrating outstanding hydrogen ab/desorption kinetics, compared to pure MgH<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, it can maintain a high hydrogen capacity of 5.2 wt. %, even after 50 dehydrogenation cycles, showing good cycle stability. The characterization results show that the high-valent Bi and Ti in Bi<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> are reduced to their low-valent or even zero-valent metallic states during the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation process, thus establishing an <em>in-situ</em> multivalent and multi-element catalytic environment. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the synergistic effects between Bi and Ti in the Bi-Ti mixed oxide facilitate the cleavage of Mg-H bonds and lower the kinetic barrier for the dissociation of hydrogen molecules, thereby substantially enhancing the kinetics of the Mg/MgH<sub>2</sub> system. This study presents a strategic method for developing efficient catalysts for hydrogen storage materials by harnessing the synergistic effects of metal elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 6154-6166"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.008
Xinfang Zhang , Dashuang Wang , Shupei Liu , Xiaobin Gong , Haixu Wang , Chuan Jing , Dan Zeng , Huan Zhou , Shibo Chen , Yuxin Zhang
Nowadays, despite advancements in anticorrosion technologies, the application of magnesium (Mg) alloys in marine environments continues to encounter significant challenges in corrosion protection against biofouling. Given the limitations of single-component materials, achieving a synergistic protective effect is a critical requirement. This study proposes a multistage slow-release system to fabricate a composite of multistage nanocontainers based on a three-dimensional (3D) bio-template. Specifically, the design integrates the coupling of multiple nanocontainers to leverage the synergistic effects of multistage retardation. The M-CeO2-LDH/DE coating leverages the porous loading capability of DE, the responsive release function of LDH, and the redox activity of CeO2, resulting in a significant enhancement of anticorrosion performance while effectively inhibiting the adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and Chlorella vulgaris. Furthermore, the study elucidates the effects of multistage nanocontainers on the anticorrosion and antifouling properties of magnesium alloy coatings, as well as the potential mechanism for multistage slow-release protection. As a result, the coating achieved an antimicrobial efficiency of 98.85 % at a corrosion inhibitor loading of 24.9 wt.%, while the corrosion current density at the scratches decreased from 25.2 µA·cm⁻² to -12.5 µA·cm⁻². The M-CeO2-LDH/DE coating integrates highly effective corrosion resistance, biofouling protection, and excellent mechanical properties. DFT calculations model the varying adsorption behavior of 2-MBI and confirm the multistage release mechanism of the nanocontainer for the corrosion inhibitor. This study not only introduces innovative strategies for developing high-performance protective coatings but also establishes a robust foundation for the broader application of magnesium alloys in marine environments, underscoring their significant potential for engineering applications.
如今，尽管防腐技术取得了进步，但镁合金在海洋环境中的应用仍然遇到了许多困难。
{"title":"Hierarchical bioinspired nanocontainer for magnesium alloys: Effective corrosion inhibition and antifouling","authors":"Xinfang Zhang , Dashuang Wang , Shupei Liu , Xiaobin Gong , Haixu Wang , Chuan Jing , Dan Zeng , Huan Zhou , Shibo Chen , Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, despite advancements in anticorrosion technologies, the application of magnesium (Mg) alloys in marine environments continues to encounter significant challenges in corrosion protection against biofouling. Given the limitations of single-component materials, achieving a synergistic protective effect is a critical requirement. This study proposes a multistage slow-release system to fabricate a composite of multistage nanocontainers based on a three-dimensional (3D) bio-template. Specifically, the design integrates the coupling of multiple nanocontainers to leverage the synergistic effects of multistage retardation. The M-CeO<sub>2</sub>-LDH/DE coating leverages the porous loading capability of DE, the responsive release function of LDH, and the redox activity of CeO<sub>2</sub>, resulting in a significant enhancement of anticorrosion performance while effectively inhibiting the adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>. Furthermore, the study elucidates the effects of multistage nanocontainers on the anticorrosion and antifouling properties of magnesium alloy coatings, as well as the potential mechanism for multistage slow-release protection. As a result, the coating achieved an antimicrobial efficiency of 98.85 % at a corrosion inhibitor loading of 24.9 wt.%, while the corrosion current density at the scratches decreased from 25.2 µA·cm⁻² to -12.5 µA·cm⁻². The M-CeO<sub>2</sub>-LDH/DE coating integrates highly effective corrosion resistance, biofouling protection, and excellent mechanical properties. DFT calculations model the varying adsorption behavior of 2-MBI and confirm the multistage release mechanism of the nanocontainer for the corrosion inhibitor. This study not only introduces innovative strategies for developing high-performance protective coatings but also establishes a robust foundation for the broader application of magnesium alloys in marine environments, underscoring their significant potential for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 5855-5872"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.012
Xingxing Zhou , Jie Xin , Cheng Wang , Kun Qian , Xuewei Tao , Zhixin Ba , Feng Xue , Jing Bai , Bertram Mallia , Qiangsheng Dong
Magnesium (Mg) alloys with high specific strength, light weight, and natural biodegradability are promising candidates for applications in automotive industry and biodegradable medical devices. However, their wide employment is hindered by their rapid corrosion behavior. Protective coatings provide a potential approach to extending the service period, but damage to these coatings often leads to local corrosion and even premature failure. To address this issue, self-healing coatings have been developed for providing long-term and reliable protection, even in the presence of defects. This paper summarizes recent progress in self-healing coatings on Mg alloys, with a focus on their uni- and multi-stimuli responsive mechanisms. A typical self-healing coating is composed of a physical layer, inhibitors, and inhibitor containers. Herein, the loading and release of inhibitors are crucial for the design of self-healing coatings. On the one hand, inhibitors can be directly doped/filled into the protective layer and released in response to environmental changes and coating degradation. On the other hand, inhibitors may be encapsulated into micro/nano-containers and released upon being triggered by ions, pH, light, heat, potential and moisture. Additionally, this review presents advanced characterization techniques and systematic evaluation methods for assessing self-healing functionality. Ultimately, the emerging challenges and research priorities in the development of self-healing coatings for Mg alloys are comprehensively discussed.
{"title":"Advances toward self-healing coatings on Mg alloys for active corrosion protection","authors":"Xingxing Zhou , Jie Xin , Cheng Wang , Kun Qian , Xuewei Tao , Zhixin Ba , Feng Xue , Jing Bai , Bertram Mallia , Qiangsheng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium (Mg) alloys with high specific strength, light weight, and natural biodegradability are promising candidates for applications in automotive industry and biodegradable medical devices. However, their wide employment is hindered by their rapid corrosion behavior. Protective coatings provide a potential approach to extending the service period, but damage to these coatings often leads to local corrosion and even premature failure. To address this issue, self-healing coatings have been developed for providing long-term and reliable protection, even in the presence of defects. This paper summarizes recent progress in self-healing coatings on Mg alloys, with a focus on their uni- and multi-stimuli responsive mechanisms. A typical self-healing coating is composed of a physical layer, inhibitors, and inhibitor containers. Herein, the loading and release of inhibitors are crucial for the design of self-healing coatings. On the one hand, inhibitors can be directly doped/filled into the protective layer and released in response to environmental changes and coating degradation. On the other hand, inhibitors may be encapsulated into micro/nano-containers and released upon being triggered by ions, pH, light, heat, potential and moisture. Additionally, this review presents advanced characterization techniques and systematic evaluation methods for assessing self-healing functionality. Ultimately, the emerging challenges and research priorities in the development of self-healing coatings for Mg alloys are comprehensively discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 5765-5792"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.017
Yunpeng Meng , Hua Zhang , Hongchen Jin , Longhui Sun , Lifei Wang , Liwei Lu , Kwang Seon Shin
The bimetallic composite rods prepared by co-extrusion have good mechanical properties, but their compressive deformation behaviors have rarely been studied. This paper primarily investigates the compressive deformation behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod, analyzes the differences between its compressive deformation behavior and that of AZ31, and systematically studies the compressive deformation mechanisms of various regions in the composite rod, as well as the texture evolution and {10-12} twin evolution during the compression process. The results reveal that the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods exhibit excellent metallurgical bonding, with the interface remaining intact even under a 9% compressive strain. In the compression process, AZ31 initiates yielding earlier than the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods, exhibiting a relatively lower yield strength, whereas both show comparable plasticity. The deformation behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod is governed by a combination of basal 〈a〉 slip and {10-12} 〈-1011〉 tension twinning during compression along the ED (extrusion direction). With increasing compressive strain, the number of {10-12} twins in the AZ31 region (A/G-AZ31) of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod increases significantly, leading to changes in grain orientation, whereas the Mg-Gd-Y region (A/G-Mg-Gd-Y) of the composite rod shows no significant change. In addition, the A/G-Mg-Gd-Y significantly inhibits the nucleation and growth of {10-12} twins in A/G-AZ31 during compression, and thus the texture hardening generated by {10-12} twins make the work hardening behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods different from that of AZ31.
{"title":"Investigation of the compressive deformation mechanisms in Mg-Gd-Y strengthened bimetallic composite rods","authors":"Yunpeng Meng , Hua Zhang , Hongchen Jin , Longhui Sun , Lifei Wang , Liwei Lu , Kwang Seon Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bimetallic composite rods prepared by co-extrusion have good mechanical properties, but their compressive deformation behaviors have rarely been studied. This paper primarily investigates the compressive deformation behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod, analyzes the differences between its compressive deformation behavior and that of AZ31, and systematically studies the compressive deformation mechanisms of various regions in the composite rod, as well as the texture evolution and {10-12} twin evolution during the compression process. The results reveal that the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods exhibit excellent metallurgical bonding, with the interface remaining intact even under a 9% compressive strain. In the compression process, AZ31 initiates yielding earlier than the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods, exhibiting a relatively lower yield strength, whereas both show comparable plasticity. The deformation behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod is governed by a combination of basal 〈a〉 slip and {10-12} 〈-1011〉 tension twinning during compression along the ED (extrusion direction). With increasing compressive strain, the number of {10-12} twins in the AZ31 region (A/G-AZ31) of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rod increases significantly, leading to changes in grain orientation, whereas the Mg-Gd-Y region (A/G-Mg-Gd-Y) of the composite rod shows no significant change. In addition, the A/G-Mg-Gd-Y significantly inhibits the nucleation and growth of {10-12} twins in A/G-AZ31 during compression, and thus the texture hardening generated by {10-12} twins make the work hardening behavior of the AZ31/Mg-Gd-Y composite rods different from that of AZ31.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 12","pages":"Pages 6221-6235"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145872164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress and perspectives in fusion welding of Mg-RE alloys: From weldability fundamentals to process-microstructure correlation","authors":"Xin Tong, Qiman Wang, Guohua Wu, Wenbing Zou, Liang Zhang, Lin Wang, Yingxin Wang, Wenjiang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incorporation of transition metal Ni and rare-earth elements La and Y into Mg-based alloys significantly enhances hydrogen storage performance through synergistic effects. To optimize storage capacity and glass-forming ability (GFA), a Mg90La2Y2Ni6 alloy was designed and synthesized via induction casting and melt spinning. The amorphous alloy was further subjected to crystallization annealing at 400 °C to obtain a crystallized alloy. Structural analyses (XRD, SEM, HRTEM) revealed that the cast alloy comprised Mg, Mg2Ni, La2Mg17, and YNi3 phases. Melt spinning produced amorphous–nanocrystalline composites, with the amorphous fraction increasing with spinning rate. The crystallized alloy exhibited a phase composition similar to the cast alloy, but with finer, uniformly dispersed precipitates that provided enhanced diffusion pathways. Hydrogen storage properties were evaluated by Sievert apparatus and DSC. The crystallized alloy demonstrated markedly improved hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics compared with the cast alloy. Specifically, the desorption activation energy decreased from 67.84 kJ/mol (cast) to 58.56 kJ/mol (crystallized, 30 m/s spinning rate). In addition, the initial hydrogen desorption temperature was reduced from 323.5 °C to 288.2 °C. Thermodynamic analysis further confirmed a decrease in desorption enthalpy, indicating reduced hydride stability. Overall, the melt spinning–crystallization annealing route effectively tailors the microstructure and thermodynamics of Mg-based alloys, leading to lower activation energy, reduced desorption temperature, and enhanced hydrogen storage performance.
{"title":"Impactful amelioration on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the RE-Mg-Ni-based alloys by melt spinning-crystallization annealing","authors":"Xin Zhang, Zhenyu Hou, Peng Sheng, Jun Li, Dongliang Zhao, Shihai Guo, Lihong Xu, Yanghuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of transition metal Ni and rare-earth elements La and Y into Mg-based alloys significantly enhances hydrogen storage performance through synergistic effects. To optimize storage capacity and glass-forming ability (GFA), a Mg<sub>90</sub>La<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>6</sub> alloy was designed and synthesized via induction casting and melt spinning. The amorphous alloy was further subjected to crystallization annealing at 400 °C to obtain a crystallized alloy. Structural analyses (XRD, SEM, HRTEM) revealed that the cast alloy comprised Mg, Mg<sub>2</sub>Ni, La<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>17</sub>, and YNi<sub>3</sub> phases. Melt spinning produced amorphous–nanocrystalline composites, with the amorphous fraction increasing with spinning rate. The crystallized alloy exhibited a phase composition similar to the cast alloy, but with finer, uniformly dispersed precipitates that provided enhanced diffusion pathways. Hydrogen storage properties were evaluated by Sievert apparatus and DSC. The crystallized alloy demonstrated markedly improved hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics compared with the cast alloy. Specifically, the desorption activation energy decreased from 67.84 kJ/mol (cast) to 58.56 kJ/mol (crystallized, 30 m/s spinning rate). In addition, the initial hydrogen desorption temperature was reduced from 323.5 °C to 288.2 °C. Thermodynamic analysis further confirmed a decrease in desorption enthalpy, indicating reduced hydride stability. Overall, the melt spinning–crystallization annealing route effectively tailors the microstructure and thermodynamics of Mg-based alloys, leading to lower activation energy, reduced desorption temperature, and enhanced hydrogen storage performance.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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