Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024
Imran Abbas, Yingju Li, Xiaohui Feng, Qiuyan Huang, Tianjiao Luo, Ce Zheng, Cheng Zhu, Dong Wang, Yuansheng Yang
The wear behavior of AZ80 alloy and the hybrid composites reinforced with varying SiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) along with 3 wt.% B4C was examined under different applied loads (10–20 N) and sliding speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s). Due to a uniform distribution of SiC and B4C particles in the composite, microhardness evaluations show that the composite's hardness increases as reinforcement content increases. Maximum hardness achieved for (AZ80 + 6% SiC + 3% B4C) composites is 96.60 HV. Worn surface analyses of unreinforced and hybrid composites were examined to identify the dominant wear mechanisms according to the wear conditions and the reinforcement content. This was accomplished by recording wear rates and friction coefficients throughout the wear tests, as well as characterizing the worn surfaces through investigations using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under a 10 N load, AZ80 exhibits a coefficient of friction of 0.70, while the (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B₄C) composite showed the lowest coefficient of 0.48 among all the hybrid composites. Results showed that oxidation, abrasion, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant mechanisms caused by thermal softening and melting. The wear rate of unreinforced alloy and the composites increases at different normal loads of (10–20 N) due to the increase in microhardness according to Archard’s law. On the other hand, the wear rate decreased at various speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s) is also due to the transition from abrasion to plastic deformation. Among the developed composites, (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B4C) exhibits excellent wear resistance at various load and sliding speeds. Current work indicates that hybrid Mg matrix composites can be considered as an outstanding material where high strength and wear-resistant components are used primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.
{"title":"Dry sliding wear behavior of SiC-B4C reinforced AZ80 hybrid composites fabricated through a semi-solid stir casting process","authors":"Imran Abbas, Yingju Li, Xiaohui Feng, Qiuyan Huang, Tianjiao Luo, Ce Zheng, Cheng Zhu, Dong Wang, Yuansheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"The wear behavior of AZ80 alloy and the hybrid composites reinforced with varying SiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) along with 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C was examined under different applied loads (10–20 N) and sliding speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s). Due to a uniform distribution of SiC and B<sub>4</sub>C particles in the composite, microhardness evaluations show that the composite's hardness increases as reinforcement content increases. Maximum hardness achieved for (AZ80 + 6% SiC + 3% B<sub>4</sub>C) composites is 96.60 HV. Worn surface analyses of unreinforced and hybrid composites were examined to identify the dominant wear mechanisms according to the wear conditions and the reinforcement content. This was accomplished by recording wear rates and friction coefficients throughout the wear tests, as well as characterizing the worn surfaces through investigations using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under a 10 N load, AZ80 exhibits a coefficient of friction of 0.70, while the (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B₄C) composite showed the lowest coefficient of 0.48 among all the hybrid composites. Results showed that oxidation, abrasion, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant mechanisms caused by thermal softening and melting. The wear rate of unreinforced alloy and the composites increases at different normal loads of (10–20 N) due to the increase in microhardness according to Archard’s law. On the other hand, the wear rate decreased at various speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s) is also due to the transition from abrasion to plastic deformation. Among the developed composites, (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B<sub>4</sub>C) exhibits excellent wear resistance at various load and sliding speeds. Current work indicates that hybrid Mg matrix composites can be considered as an outstanding material where high strength and wear-resistant components are used primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001
Xiaoxia Wang, Ming Gao, Ke Yang, Lili Tan
Traditional alloying strategies for enhancing the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloys often face challenges in achieving a balance between biocompatibility and corrosion control. This study exploited the adsorption of ZrO₂ onto the calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of a Mg alloy. The addition of trace Zr facilitated the thickening of the Ca-P salts adsorption layer formed during degradation. The results showed that Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy with diffusely distributed nano Zr-rich phase presented higher corrosion rate in the short-term immersion due to the galvanic corrosion between the Zr-rich phases and the ɑ-Mg substrate. However, enhanced long-term corrosion resistance was observed, which is attributed to the presence of Zr. Nano Zr-rich phase facilitated the adsorption and deposition of Ca-P compounds, resulting in the formation of a more homogenous protective layer. And the Ca:P (atom ratio) is 1.54, close to that of hydroxyapatite structure. This study proposed and verified a new method to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of biomedical Mg alloys, promising for future application.
{"title":"Absorbing Ca-P composites by Zr element in the alloy: A new method to improve the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloy","authors":"Xiaoxia Wang, Ming Gao, Ke Yang, Lili Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional alloying strategies for enhancing the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloys often face challenges in achieving a balance between biocompatibility and corrosion control. This study exploited the adsorption of ZrO₂ onto the calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of a Mg alloy. The addition of trace Zr facilitated the thickening of the Ca-P salts adsorption layer formed during degradation. The results showed that Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy with diffusely distributed nano Zr-rich phase presented higher corrosion rate in the short-term immersion due to the galvanic corrosion between the Zr-rich phases and the ɑ-Mg substrate. However, enhanced long-term corrosion resistance was observed, which is attributed to the presence of Zr. Nano Zr-rich phase facilitated the adsorption and deposition of Ca-P compounds, resulting in the formation of a more homogenous protective layer. And the Ca:P (atom ratio) is 1.54, close to that of hydroxyapatite structure. This study proposed and verified a new method to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of biomedical Mg alloys, promising for future application.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, a dual-heterogeneous microstructure was fabricated in a Mg-6.49Gd-2.74Y-0.45Zr (wt.%) alloy via additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), featuring alternating fine grain (FG) bands embedded with dense nanoscale multiphase clusters and coarse grain (CG) bands containing sparse clusters. This unique architecture leads to simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. The AFSD alloy exhibits an elongation of 19.5 % and a yield strength of 262.2 MPa, which can be enhanced to 411.0 MPa following peak aging treatment. The formation mechanisms of heterogeneous microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Fragmented rare earth (RE)-containing eutectic phases at grain boundaries induced recrystallization via particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Their subsequent complete and rapid dissolution led to the formation of supersaturated RE solid solutions, which promoted the precipitation of nanoscale multiphase clusters with pronounced pinning effects, ultimately leading to the growth of differential grains and the formation of dual-heterostructures. Furthermore, CG/FG interfaces were found to activate non-basal slip systems within adjacent grains, while the nanoscale multiphase clusters can effectively hindered dislocation motion. The synergic effect of these mechanisms contributed to the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. This study provides fundamental insights for developing high-performance Mg-RE alloys.
{"title":"Study on dual-heterostructure in additive friction stir deposited Mg-Gd-Y alloys: Formation mechanism and mechanical response","authors":"Ziyan Li, Juan Chen, Ziyi Liu, Yu Zhang, Jiacheng Wang, Jinming Lin, Tingyan Wang, Guanglei Liu, Zhongqiu Bao, Liming Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, a dual-heterogeneous microstructure was fabricated in a Mg-6.49Gd-2.74Y-0.45Zr (wt.%) alloy via additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), featuring alternating fine grain (FG) bands embedded with dense nanoscale multiphase clusters and coarse grain (CG) bands containing sparse clusters. This unique architecture leads to simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. The AFSD alloy exhibits an elongation of 19.5 % and a yield strength of 262.2 MPa, which can be enhanced to 411.0 MPa following peak aging treatment. The formation mechanisms of heterogeneous microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Fragmented rare earth (RE)-containing eutectic phases at grain boundaries induced recrystallization via particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Their subsequent complete and rapid dissolution led to the formation of supersaturated RE solid solutions, which promoted the precipitation of nanoscale multiphase clusters with pronounced pinning effects, ultimately leading to the growth of differential grains and the formation of dual-heterostructures. Furthermore, CG/FG interfaces were found to activate non-basal slip systems within adjacent grains, while the nanoscale multiphase clusters can effectively hindered dislocation motion. The synergic effect of these mechanisms contributed to the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. This study provides fundamental insights for developing high-performance Mg-RE alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.007
Chuan Zhou, Shu Wang, Rui Li, Xuan Chen, Yangchao Deng, Zhengyuan Gao, Xiaohui Cui
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics due to their low density and high specific strength properties. However, their limited plasticity and low elongation at room temperature during plastic deformation significantly restrict their applicability in manufacturing complex-shaped components. This study combines pre-stretching and induced electric pulse treatment (IEPT) processes to enhance the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy, and microstructural evolution is systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that this process significantly enhances the uniform elongation, while the yield strength shows no significant reduction compared to the as-received sample. The elongation initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing voltage and pre-stretching levels. Optimal performance is achieved at a voltage of 6 kV and a pre-stretching strain level of 8 %, resulting in a uniform elongation of 43 %, which is 160 % higher than that of the untreated alloy. IEPT exhibits a pronounced softening effect, effectively suppressing work hardening. The competitive interaction between softening and hardening mechanisms causes the yield strength to initially increase and then decrease. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that 6 kV IEPT process promotes dislocation slip and accumulation at grain boundaries, forming dense dislocation walls that contribute to enhanced strain hardening. Repeated IEPT treatments accelerate dislocation motion and annihilation, promoting dynamic recovery and recrystallization, thereby significantly reducing the dislocation density. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis shows that IEPT leads to grain growth, suppresses the formation of {10–12} tensile twins, and activates non-basal slip systems, weakening the basal texture. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the remarkable improvement in the uniform elongation of AZ31B magnesium alloy. This study offers an advanced manufacturing processing, and new insights into enhancing the room-temperature plastic deformability of magnesium alloys.
{"title":"Enhanced ductility of AZ31B magnesium alloy through a combined pre-stretching and electromagnetically induced electric pulse treatment process","authors":"Chuan Zhou, Shu Wang, Rui Li, Xuan Chen, Yangchao Deng, Zhengyuan Gao, Xiaohui Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg) alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics due to their low density and high specific strength properties. However, their limited plasticity and low elongation at room temperature during plastic deformation significantly restrict their applicability in manufacturing complex-shaped components. This study combines pre-stretching and induced electric pulse treatment (IEPT) processes to enhance the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy, and microstructural evolution is systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that this process significantly enhances the uniform elongation, while the yield strength shows no significant reduction compared to the as-received sample. The elongation initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing voltage and pre-stretching levels. Optimal performance is achieved at a voltage of 6 kV and a pre-stretching strain level of 8 %, resulting in a uniform elongation of 43 %, which is 160 % higher than that of the untreated alloy. IEPT exhibits a pronounced softening effect, effectively suppressing work hardening. The competitive interaction between softening and hardening mechanisms causes the yield strength to initially increase and then decrease. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that 6 kV IEPT process promotes dislocation slip and accumulation at grain boundaries, forming dense dislocation walls that contribute to enhanced strain hardening. Repeated IEPT treatments accelerate dislocation motion and annihilation, promoting dynamic recovery and recrystallization, thereby significantly reducing the dislocation density. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis shows that IEPT leads to grain growth, suppresses the formation of {10–12} tensile twins, and activates non-basal slip systems, weakening the basal texture. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the remarkable improvement in the uniform elongation of AZ31B magnesium alloy. This study offers an advanced manufacturing processing, and new insights into enhancing the room-temperature plastic deformability of magnesium alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a scalable route for fabricating lightweight structures made by magnesium-rare earth (Mg-RE) alloys. However, intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) caused by thermal cycling poses critical challenges to achieving uniform microstructure and isotropic mechanical performance. Here, we elucidate the in-situ phase transformation behavior of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases in WAAM-deposited Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VWZ731K, wt.%) alloy thin wall. By employing multiscale characterization, thermodynamic simulations, and mechanical testing, we correlate thermal cycling history with microstructural evolution across the building direction. Due to prolonged exposure to thermal cycling, the Bottom region of VWZ731K thin wall experiences a reduction in stacking fault energy, which promotes the in-situ phase transformation of eutectic (Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y)→18R-LPSO. The presence of blocky 18R-LPSO phases enhances yield strength, however, crack propagation along the LPSO structures leads to a reduction in ductility. In contrast, the Top region predominantly forms needle-like γ′ phases, which, although associated with a lower yield strength compared to the Bottom region, contribute to improved elongation. This study provides mechanistic insights into IHT-driven heterogeneity in microstructure and mechanical property of WAAM-deposited Mg-RE alloys.
{"title":"The role of in-situ phase transformation behavior on mechanical heterogeneity in Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Kai Yu, Caiyou Zeng, Zihao Jiang, Zijin Chang, Yuan Zhao, Yingyu Cao, Yong Xie, Runsheng Li, Baoqiang Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a scalable route for fabricating lightweight structures made by magnesium-rare earth (Mg-RE) alloys. However, intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) caused by thermal cycling poses critical challenges to achieving uniform microstructure and isotropic mechanical performance. Here, we elucidate the in-situ phase transformation behavior of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases in WAAM-deposited Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr (VWZ731K, wt.%) alloy thin wall. By employing multiscale characterization, thermodynamic simulations, and mechanical testing, we correlate thermal cycling history with microstructural evolution across the building direction. Due to prolonged exposure to thermal cycling, the Bottom region of VWZ731K thin wall experiences a reduction in stacking fault energy, which promotes the in-situ phase transformation of eutectic (Mg,Zn)<sub>3</sub>(Gd,Y)→18R-LPSO. The presence of blocky 18R-LPSO phases enhances yield strength, however, crack propagation along the LPSO structures leads to a reduction in ductility. In contrast, the Top region predominantly forms needle-like γ′ phases, which, although associated with a lower yield strength compared to the Bottom region, contribute to improved elongation. This study provides mechanistic insights into IHT-driven heterogeneity in microstructure and mechanical property of WAAM-deposited Mg-RE alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in magnesium-incorporated polymeric scaffolds: A next-generation strategy for enhanced wound healing","authors":"Sundaravadhanan Lekhavadhani, Sushma Babu, Abinaya Shanmugavadivu, Nagarajan Selvamurugan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.018
Joung Sik Suh, Jae-Yeon Kim, Ha Sik Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Jaeseong Kim
This study systematically investigated the influence of the extrusion ratio on the mechanical properties and biodegradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sr (ZMJ100) alloy microtubes in relation to their microstructure and texture. The fabrication of ultra-precise ZMJ100 microtubes was successfully achieved through a two-step direct extrusion. As the extrusion ratio increased, the grain refinement and texture weakening played a pivotal role in determining the mechanical and biodegradation behavior. The enhancement of tensile strength was ascribed to grain boundary strengthening due to the higher extrusion ratio, notwithstanding weaker basal texture and higher activation of basal slip. The findings indicated a direct correlation between the biodegradation rate and the inverse square root of grain size, as well as the activation amount of basal slip. An increase in the extrusion ratio led to grain refinement and concurrent texture weakening, accelerating selective grain boundary corrosion and micro-galvanic corrosion between differently oriented grains. It is imperative to meticulously regulate both the grain size and basal texture by calibrating the process parameters, such as the extrusion ratio, to ensure optimal service performance of Mg alloy for bioresorbable stent scaffolds.
{"title":"Effect of extrusion ratio on mechanical and biodegradation behavior of Mg–Zn–Mn–Sr alloy microtubes for biodegradable vascular stents","authors":"Joung Sik Suh, Jae-Yeon Kim, Ha Sik Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Jaeseong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically investigated the influence of the extrusion ratio on the mechanical properties and biodegradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sr (ZMJ100) alloy microtubes in relation to their microstructure and texture. The fabrication of ultra-precise ZMJ100 microtubes was successfully achieved through a two-step direct extrusion. As the extrusion ratio increased, the grain refinement and texture weakening played a pivotal role in determining the mechanical and biodegradation behavior. The enhancement of tensile strength was ascribed to grain boundary strengthening due to the higher extrusion ratio, notwithstanding weaker basal texture and higher activation of basal slip. The findings indicated a direct correlation between the biodegradation rate and the inverse square root of grain size, as well as the activation amount of basal slip. An increase in the extrusion ratio led to grain refinement and concurrent texture weakening, accelerating selective grain boundary corrosion and micro-galvanic corrosion between differently oriented grains. It is imperative to meticulously regulate both the grain size and basal texture by calibrating the process parameters, such as the extrusion ratio, to ensure optimal service performance of Mg alloy for bioresorbable stent scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.006
Tingting Ning, Pengbo Yang, Xuan Luo, Xiangxiang He, Xianneng Wang, Yao Cheng, Xinde Huang, Yunchang Xin
Grain refinement and precipitation are conventionally employed to enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. However, there remains a challenge in obtaining a fine grain structure together with a high-density precipitates, particularly in rare-earth containing magnesium alloys. In this study, a strong and ductile Mg-RE (WE43) alloy featuring a fine twin structure and dense nano-precipitates was fabricated via a processing combining multi-directional compression with multi-intermediate aging. The mechanical characterization demonstrated that the fabricated WE43 alloy exhibits an exceptional work-hardening capacity and enhanced ultimate tensile strength, albeit with some compromise in yield strength. Microstructural investigations reveal that the multi-directional compression promotes extensive grain refinement through the formation of nanostructured deformation twins, while the multi-intermediate aging inhibits twin expansion via solutes and precipitates pinning along twin boundaries. Further transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of high-density nano-precipitates within the matrix. The fine twins and dense precipitation structure strongly promote dislocation multiplication and accumulation, by interaction among dislocations, twin boundaries and nano-precipitates, leading to the significantly improved work-hardening capability and ultimate strength. The current study presents a new approach for the fabrication of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys with high ductility and ultimate strength.
{"title":"Fabrication of high-density twins and precipitates in a rare-earth magnesium alloy with superior work hardening and ultimate strength","authors":"Tingting Ning, Pengbo Yang, Xuan Luo, Xiangxiang He, Xianneng Wang, Yao Cheng, Xinde Huang, Yunchang Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Grain refinement and precipitation are conventionally employed to enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. However, there remains a challenge in obtaining a fine grain structure together with a high-density precipitates, particularly in rare-earth containing magnesium alloys. In this study, a strong and ductile Mg-RE (WE43) alloy featuring a fine twin structure and dense nano-precipitates was fabricated via a processing combining multi-directional compression with multi-intermediate aging. The mechanical characterization demonstrated that the fabricated WE43 alloy exhibits an exceptional work-hardening capacity and enhanced ultimate tensile strength, albeit with some compromise in yield strength. Microstructural investigations reveal that the multi-directional compression promotes extensive grain refinement through the formation of nanostructured deformation twins, while the multi-intermediate aging inhibits twin expansion via solutes and precipitates pinning along twin boundaries. Further transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of high-density nano-precipitates within the matrix. The fine twins and dense precipitation structure strongly promote dislocation multiplication and accumulation, by interaction among dislocations, twin boundaries and nano-precipitates, leading to the significantly improved work-hardening capability and ultimate strength. The current study presents a new approach for the fabrication of rare-earth containing magnesium alloys with high ductility and ultimate strength.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mg-Gd based alloys are an important class of high-performance Mg alloys. In this study, three Mg-Gd alloys with different gadolinium (Gd) contents: Mg-9.54Gd-0.40Zr (wt.%, G10 K), Mg-15.11Gd-0.35Zr (wt.%, G15 K) and Mg-19.67Gd-0.33Zr (wt.%, G20 K) were prepared by semicontinuous casting and subsequent solution and aging heat treatments. The role of Gd content on microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-Gd-Zr alloy is studied. All three as-cast alloys exhibit eutectic phases of Mg5Gd, with the amount increasing as the Gd content rises. Mg5Gd disappears after the solution heat treatment (the G10 K alloy solution-treated at 480 °C for 4 h, the G15 K alloy at 500 °C for 12 h and the G20 K alloy at 520 °C for 24 h, respectively). Aging heat treatment at 200 °C for 64 h after solution introduces numerous prismatic β′ precipitates, with a significant increase in their area number density corresponding to increased Gd content. Additionally, the morphology of the β′ precipitates exhibits distinct variations: the G10 K alloy is characterized by an enhanced aspect ratio. Consequently, the peak-aged G10 K alloy demonstrates superior strength-ductility synergy, with a yield strength (YS) of 216 ± 1 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 363 ± 1 MPa, and an elongation (EL) of 8.7 ± 0.6%. This study suggests that plasticity diminishes and precipitation strengthening is limited when the gadolinium content exceeds 15 wt.%.
镁钆基合金是一类重要的高性能镁合金。本研究采用了三种不同钆（Gd）含量的镁钆合金：通过半连续铸造以及随后的固溶和时效热处理，制备了三种不同钆（Gd）含量的镁钆合金：Mg-9.54Gd-0.40Zr（重量百分比，G10 K）、Mg-15.11Gd-0.35Zr（重量百分比，G15 K）和 Mg-19.67Gd-0.33Zr（重量百分比，G20 K）。研究了钆含量对 Mg-Gd-Zr 合金微观结构和机械性能的影响。所有三种铸造合金都呈现出 Mg5Gd 共晶相，且随着 Gd 含量的增加而增加。Mg5Gd 在固溶热处理后消失（G10 K 合金分别在 480 ℃ 固溶处理 4 小时，G15 K 合金在 500 ℃ 固溶处理 12 小时，G20 K 合金在 520 ℃ 固溶处理 24 小时）。固溶后在 200 °C 下进行 64 小时的时效热处理会产生大量棱柱形 β′ 沉淀，其面积数密度会随着钆含量的增加而显著增加。此外，β′沉淀的形态也有明显的变化：G10 K 合金的特征是长宽比增大。因此，峰值时效 G10 K 合金显示出卓越的强度-电导率协同作用，屈服强度（YS）为 216 ± 1 MPa，极限拉伸强度（UTS）为 363 ± 1 MPa，伸长率（EL）为 8.7 ± 0.6 %。这项研究表明，当钆含量超过 15 wt.% 时，塑性减弱，沉淀强化受到限制。
{"title":"Effect of Gd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xGd-Zr alloys via semicontinuous casting","authors":"Qianye Wu , Yujuan Wu , Qingchen Deng , Chenyang Ding , Yu Zhang , Nanxi Peng , Licheng Jia , Zhiyu Chang , Liming Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg-Gd based alloys are an important class of high-performance Mg alloys. In this study, three Mg-Gd alloys with different gadolinium (Gd) contents: Mg-9.54Gd-0.40Zr (wt.%, G10 K), Mg-15.11Gd-0.35Zr (wt.%, G15 K) and Mg-19.67Gd-0.33Zr (wt.%, G20 K) were prepared by semicontinuous casting and subsequent solution and aging heat treatments. The role of Gd content on microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-Gd-Zr alloy is studied. All three as-cast alloys exhibit eutectic phases of Mg<sub>5</sub>Gd, with the amount increasing as the Gd content rises. Mg<sub>5</sub>Gd disappears after the solution heat treatment (the G10 K alloy solution-treated at 480 °C for 4 h, the G15 K alloy at 500 °C for 12 h and the G20 K alloy at 520 °C for 24 h, respectively). Aging heat treatment at 200 °C for 64 h after solution introduces numerous prismatic β′ precipitates, with a significant increase in their area number density corresponding to increased Gd content. Additionally, the morphology of the β′ precipitates exhibits distinct variations: the G10 K alloy is characterized by an enhanced aspect ratio. Consequently, the peak-aged G10 K alloy demonstrates superior strength-ductility synergy, with a yield strength (YS) of 216 ± 1 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 363 ± 1 MPa, and an elongation (EL) of 8.7 ± 0.6%. This study suggests that plasticity diminishes and precipitation strengthening is limited when the gadolinium content exceeds 15 wt.%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 11","pages":"Pages 5500-5510"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2024.11.003
Zhiqiang Lan , Jiakun Yang , Xiaobin Wen , Ruojiang Liu , Ziqi Liu , Sizhi Ding , Hua Ning , Haizhen Liu , I.P. Jain , Jin Guo
The deposition of ultrafine single-atom nickel particles on Nb2C (MXene) was successfully achieved using a wet chemistry method to synthesize Ni@Nb2C composite. This study explored the effect of Ni@Nb2C on the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of MgH2 through theoretical calculations and experimental investigations. Under the catalytic action of Ni@Nb2C, the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 was reduced by 121°C, with approximately 4.26 wt.% of H2 desorbed at 225°C in 100 min. The dehydrogenation activation energy of the MgH2 + Ni@Nb2C composite dropped to 86.7 kJ·mol−1, a reduction of 60.5 kJ·mol−1 compared to pure MgH2. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the incorporation of Ni@Nb2C enhanced the performance of MgH2 performance by improving interactions among Nb2C, Ni, Mg, and H atoms. In the Ni@Nb2C + MgH2 system, the lengths of Mg-H bonds (1.91–1.99 Å) were found to be longer than those observed in pure MgH2 (1.71 Å). The dehydrogenation energy for this system (1.08 eV) was lower than that for Nb2C (1.52 eV). These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of Ni and Nb2C significantly enhances the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2, thereby introducing a novel approach for catalytic modification of solid hydrogen storage materials through synergistic actions.
{"title":"An experimental and theoretical investigation of the enhanced effect of Ni atom-functionalized MXene composite on the mechanism for hydrogen storage performance in MgH2","authors":"Zhiqiang Lan , Jiakun Yang , Xiaobin Wen , Ruojiang Liu , Ziqi Liu , Sizhi Ding , Hua Ning , Haizhen Liu , I.P. Jain , Jin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deposition of ultrafine single-atom nickel particles on Nb<sub>2</sub>C (MXene) was successfully achieved using a wet chemistry method to synthesize Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C composite. This study explored the effect of Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C on the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of MgH<sub>2</sub> through theoretical calculations and experimental investigations. Under the catalytic action of Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C, the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH<sub>2</sub> was reduced by 121°C, with approximately 4.26 wt.% of H<sub>2</sub> desorbed at 225°C in 100 min. The dehydrogenation activation energy of the MgH<sub>2</sub> + Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C composite dropped to 86.7 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, a reduction of 60.5 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> compared to pure MgH<sub>2</sub>. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the incorporation of Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C enhanced the performance of MgH<sub>2</sub> performance by improving interactions among Nb<sub>2</sub>C, Ni, Mg, and H atoms. In the Ni@Nb<sub>2</sub>C + MgH<sub>2</sub> system, the lengths of Mg-H bonds (1.91–1.99 Å) were found to be longer than those observed in pure MgH<sub>2</sub> (1.71 Å). The dehydrogenation energy for this system (1.08 eV) was lower than that for Nb<sub>2</sub>C (1.52 eV). These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of Ni and Nb<sub>2</sub>C significantly enhances the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH<sub>2</sub>, thereby introducing a novel approach for catalytic modification of solid hydrogen storage materials through synergistic actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"13 11","pages":"Pages 5714-5727"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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