Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.001
Aoife McFerran, Ellamay McIlhatton, Elizabeth McGuckin, Mollie Byrne, Owen J. Diamond, Richard J. Napier, John O’Connor, Patrick Lemoine, Adrian R. Boyd, Joanna Ward, Jonathan G. Acheson
{"title":"Calcium phosphate and ion-substituted coatings for resorbable magnesium-based bone implants: A review","authors":"Aoife McFerran, Ellamay McIlhatton, Elizabeth McGuckin, Mollie Byrne, Owen J. Diamond, Richard J. Napier, John O’Connor, Patrick Lemoine, Adrian R. Boyd, Joanna Ward, Jonathan G. Acheson","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.026
Rogine A. Gomez, Daniel P. Veghte, David J. Rowenhorst, Bruce W. Williams, Aeriel D. Murphy-Leonard
{"title":"The influence of alloying on recrystallization behavior and texture development of Mg-(Ca, Zn) alloys","authors":"Rogine A. Gomez, Daniel P. Veghte, David J. Rowenhorst, Bruce W. Williams, Aeriel D. Murphy-Leonard","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.005
Ran Ni, Saijun Huang, Lingling Fan, Kang Wei, Ying Zeng, Jiang Zheng, Qudong Wang, Hao Zhou, Dongdi Yin
Plastic strain in polycrystalline metals is highly localized in grain boundaries (GBs), slip bands (SBs) and twins. While extensive research has focused on intra-granular deformation mechanisms such as slip and twinning, strain localization at GBs has been largely overlooked. In this study, high-resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC) was employed to capture the strain distribution and its evolution during tension in an extruded pure Mg sheet. Particular attention was paid to strain localization at GBs and its governing factors. Results reveal that, at 3 % applied strain, approximately 10 % of GBs were categorized as extremely-high-strain GBs (defined as the GB where at least 20 data points have an effective shear strain (εeff) value exceeding the 99th percentile of the overall εeff distribution), and the majority (84 %) of them were observed to deform at even 0.5 % applied strain. This suggests that early-stage deformation plays a critical role in subsequent GB strain localization. The mean strain value and grain boundary sliding (GBS) displacement of GBs increased significantly with applied strain, with progressively accelerating increasing rates observed in most instances. Most (∼62 %) GBs exhibiting slip transfer showed low strain, while a small fraction (∼8 %) of them exhibited extremely high strain. This indicates that slip transfer can mitigate GB strain localization in most cases. However, complex local conditions are also critical, and case-by-case analysis is essential. Moreover, GBs with misorientation angles ranging from 50° to 80° were found to be more likely to exhibit extremely high strain. This work provides valuable insights into GB strain localization, which is critical for further understanding the plastic deformation of polycrystalline Mg.
{"title":"Mapping the strain-localization evolution of grain boundary and its interactions with slip/twin at the microscale","authors":"Ran Ni, Saijun Huang, Lingling Fan, Kang Wei, Ying Zeng, Jiang Zheng, Qudong Wang, Hao Zhou, Dongdi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic strain in polycrystalline metals is highly localized in grain boundaries (GBs), slip bands (SBs) and twins. While extensive research has focused on intra-granular deformation mechanisms such as slip and twinning, strain localization at GBs has been largely overlooked. In this study, high-resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC) was employed to capture the strain distribution and its evolution during tension in an extruded pure Mg sheet. Particular attention was paid to strain localization at GBs and its governing factors. Results reveal that, at 3 % applied strain, approximately 10 % of GBs were categorized as extremely-high-strain GBs (defined as the GB where at least 20 data points have an effective shear strain (ε<sub>eff</sub>) value exceeding the 99th percentile of the overall ε<sub>eff</sub> distribution), and the majority (84 %) of them were observed to deform at even 0.5 % applied strain. This suggests that early-stage deformation plays a critical role in subsequent GB strain localization. The mean strain value and grain boundary sliding (GBS) displacement of GBs increased significantly with applied strain, with progressively accelerating increasing rates observed in most instances. Most (∼62 %) GBs exhibiting slip transfer showed low strain, while a small fraction (∼8 %) of them exhibited extremely high strain. This indicates that slip transfer can mitigate GB strain localization in most cases. However, complex local conditions are also critical, and case-by-case analysis is essential. Moreover, GBs with misorientation angles ranging from 50° to 80° were found to be more likely to exhibit extremely high strain. This work provides valuable insights into GB strain localization, which is critical for further understanding the plastic deformation of polycrystalline Mg.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.003
Dexi Xu, Huiping Wu, Dayong An, Qi Hu, Xifeng Li, Jun Chen
The Mg-4Y-3RE (WE43) magnesium alloy possesses high specific strength, excellent shock absorption, strong electromagnetic shielding, and recyclability. However, the oxidation and defects often happen during conventional welding. Solid-state diffusion bonding in a near-vacuum environment enables high-reliability joints by minimizing these issues. It is difficult to obtain high bonding joint strength due to the limitation of various factors. This work systematically investigates the effects of temperature, time, pressure, and surface roughness on the diffusion-bonded joint quality of WE43 magnesium alloy through a phased optimization strategy. The optimal parameter combination is optimized. The results demonstrate that the joint interface achieves a shear strength of 179.9 ± 3.9 MPa and a bonding ratio of 94.14 % when the minimal plastic deformation is ensured. Microstructural characterization reveals that recrystallization, precipitates evolution and elemental diffusion effects collectively promote metallurgical bonding at the interface. Subsequent solution treatment at 525 °C for 8 h and aging at 250 °C for 16 h, the shear strength significantly increases to 229.5 ± 5.2 MPa, which represents the highest value in comparable reported studies. This research provides theoretical foundations and technical references for solid-state bonding processes of high-strength magnesium alloys.
{"title":"Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion-bonded Mg-4Y-3RE magnesium alloy","authors":"Dexi Xu, Huiping Wu, Dayong An, Qi Hu, Xifeng Li, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Mg-4Y-3RE (WE43) magnesium alloy possesses high specific strength, excellent shock absorption, strong electromagnetic shielding, and recyclability. However, the oxidation and defects often happen during conventional welding. Solid-state diffusion bonding in a near-vacuum environment enables high-reliability joints by minimizing these issues. It is difficult to obtain high bonding joint strength due to the limitation of various factors. This work systematically investigates the effects of temperature, time, pressure, and surface roughness on the diffusion-bonded joint quality of WE43 magnesium alloy through a phased optimization strategy. The optimal parameter combination is optimized. The results demonstrate that the joint interface achieves a shear strength of 179.9 ± 3.9 MPa and a bonding ratio of 94.14 % when the minimal plastic deformation is ensured. Microstructural characterization reveals that recrystallization, precipitates evolution and elemental diffusion effects collectively promote metallurgical bonding at the interface. Subsequent solution treatment at 525 °C for 8 h and aging at 250 °C for 16 h, the shear strength significantly increases to 229.5 ± 5.2 MPa, which represents the highest value in comparable reported studies. This research provides theoretical foundations and technical references for solid-state bonding processes of high-strength magnesium alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although magnesium holds great promise as a lightweight structural material, its oxidation failure mechanisms at elevated temperatures remain insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigates the oxidation process of pure Mg at 500 °C through multi-scale characterization, with Mg-Gd-Y-Al alloy serving as a comparative system. The results reveal that during the initial oxidation stage (0–20 h), pure Mg exhibits oxidation kinetics similar to Mg-RE alloys, with SEM observations confirming the absence of visible cracks in its oxide layer, indicating its protective nature at this stage. However, during the accelerated oxidation period (20–300 h), the transformation from protective to non-protective behavior occurs due to the formation of microcrack networks and the rupture of oxidation blisters caused by Mg vapor, ultimately leading to catastrophic oxidation failure of pure Mg. In contrast, the Mg-RE alloy forms a dense, multi-layered oxide structure through the thermodynamic advantages of rare earth elements during oxidation, likely act as barriers to Mg outward diffusion and thereby enhancing oxidation resistance. This study provides new insights into the failure mechanisms of pure Mg and the protective role of rare earth elements in Mg alloys.
{"title":"From protection to failure: Oxidation of pure Mg and rare-earth-enhanced Mg alloys at elevated temperature","authors":"Chenwei Zhang, Jiaqi Li, Kun Zhang, Yuxuan Zhan, Yuhao Zhou, Yiheng Wu, Dongxin Gao, Zhipeng Wang, Yangxin Li, Zhao Shen, Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"Although magnesium holds great promise as a lightweight structural material, its oxidation failure mechanisms at elevated temperatures remain insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigates the oxidation process of pure Mg at 500 °C through multi-scale characterization, with Mg-Gd-Y-Al alloy serving as a comparative system. The results reveal that during the initial oxidation stage (0–20 h), pure Mg exhibits oxidation kinetics similar to Mg-RE alloys, with SEM observations confirming the absence of visible cracks in its oxide layer, indicating its protective nature at this stage. However, during the accelerated oxidation period (20–300 h), the transformation from protective to non-protective behavior occurs due to the formation of microcrack networks and the rupture of oxidation blisters caused by Mg vapor, ultimately leading to catastrophic oxidation failure of pure Mg. In contrast, the Mg-RE alloy forms a dense, multi-layered oxide structure through the thermodynamic advantages of rare earth elements during oxidation, likely act as barriers to Mg outward diffusion and thereby enhancing oxidation resistance. This study provides new insights into the failure mechanisms of pure Mg and the protective role of rare earth elements in Mg alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.039
Lian Huang, Wentai Zhang, Jiahao Chen, Franziska Schmidt, Yanyun Liu, Kai Chen, Janak Lal Pathak, Zhentao Yu, Ping Li
Magnesium (Mg)-based barrier membranes demonstrate significant potential as biomaterials for guided bone regeneration, thereby potentially broadening the scope of clinical applications. However, the interaction between Mg-based implants and the human oral microbiome remains poorly understood. This in situ human study investigated the bidirectional interactions between pure Mg and the human oral microbiome using a personalized oral device. The results demonstrated that Mg-bacteria interactions induce spatially heterogeneous corrosion layers characterized by biomineralized precipitates and organic-matrix integration. Dynamic salivary flow and biofilm-mediated diffusion barrier synergistically promoted uniform electrochemical degradation and suppressed localized pitting corrosion. Although pure Mg exhibited antimicrobial effects under in vitro conditions, its in vivo bacteriostatic effect was attenuated by salivary sequestration of Mg-based surface and biofilm maturation. This led to inter-individual variability in microbial colonization of the biomaterial. Also, Streptococcus spp. were the dominant colonizers, and this pattern was influenced by acquired pellicle and salivary flow. These findings elucidate the critical role of the human oral microbiome in modulating Mg corrosion pathways, providing insights for the rational design of Mg-based implants for dental applications.
{"title":"Human oral microbiome interactions with magnesium implants","authors":"Lian Huang, Wentai Zhang, Jiahao Chen, Franziska Schmidt, Yanyun Liu, Kai Chen, Janak Lal Pathak, Zhentao Yu, Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.09.039","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg)-based barrier membranes demonstrate significant potential as biomaterials for guided bone regeneration, thereby potentially broadening the scope of clinical applications. However, the interaction between Mg-based implants and the human oral microbiome remains poorly understood. This <em>in situ</em> human study investigated the bidirectional interactions between pure Mg and the human oral microbiome using a personalized oral device. The results demonstrated that Mg-bacteria interactions induce spatially heterogeneous corrosion layers characterized by biomineralized precipitates and organic-matrix integration. Dynamic salivary flow and biofilm-mediated diffusion barrier synergistically promoted uniform electrochemical degradation and suppressed localized pitting corrosion. Although pure Mg exhibited antimicrobial effects under <em>in vitro</em> conditions, its <em>in vivo</em> bacteriostatic effect was attenuated by salivary sequestration of Mg-based surface and biofilm maturation. This led to inter-individual variability in microbial colonization of the biomaterial. Also, <em>Streptococcus</em> spp. were the dominant colonizers, and this pattern was influenced by acquired pellicle and salivary flow. These findings elucidate the critical role of the human oral microbiome in modulating Mg corrosion pathways, providing insights for the rational design of Mg-based implants for dental applications.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024
Imran Abbas, Yingju Li, Xiaohui Feng, Qiuyan Huang, Tianjiao Luo, Ce Zheng, Cheng Zhu, Dong Wang, Yuansheng Yang
The wear behavior of AZ80 alloy and the hybrid composites reinforced with varying SiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) along with 3 wt.% B4C was examined under different applied loads (10–20 N) and sliding speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s). Due to a uniform distribution of SiC and B4C particles in the composite, microhardness evaluations show that the composite's hardness increases as reinforcement content increases. Maximum hardness achieved for (AZ80 + 6% SiC + 3% B4C) composites is 96.60 HV. Worn surface analyses of unreinforced and hybrid composites were examined to identify the dominant wear mechanisms according to the wear conditions and the reinforcement content. This was accomplished by recording wear rates and friction coefficients throughout the wear tests, as well as characterizing the worn surfaces through investigations using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under a 10 N load, AZ80 exhibits a coefficient of friction of 0.70, while the (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B₄C) composite showed the lowest coefficient of 0.48 among all the hybrid composites. Results showed that oxidation, abrasion, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant mechanisms caused by thermal softening and melting. The wear rate of unreinforced alloy and the composites increases at different normal loads of (10–20 N) due to the increase in microhardness according to Archard’s law. On the other hand, the wear rate decreased at various speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s) is also due to the transition from abrasion to plastic deformation. Among the developed composites, (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B4C) exhibits excellent wear resistance at various load and sliding speeds. Current work indicates that hybrid Mg matrix composites can be considered as an outstanding material where high strength and wear-resistant components are used primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.
{"title":"Dry sliding wear behavior of SiC-B4C reinforced AZ80 hybrid composites fabricated through a semi-solid stir casting process","authors":"Imran Abbas, Yingju Li, Xiaohui Feng, Qiuyan Huang, Tianjiao Luo, Ce Zheng, Cheng Zhu, Dong Wang, Yuansheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"The wear behavior of AZ80 alloy and the hybrid composites reinforced with varying SiC (3, 6, and 9 wt.%) along with 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C was examined under different applied loads (10–20 N) and sliding speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s). Due to a uniform distribution of SiC and B<sub>4</sub>C particles in the composite, microhardness evaluations show that the composite's hardness increases as reinforcement content increases. Maximum hardness achieved for (AZ80 + 6% SiC + 3% B<sub>4</sub>C) composites is 96.60 HV. Worn surface analyses of unreinforced and hybrid composites were examined to identify the dominant wear mechanisms according to the wear conditions and the reinforcement content. This was accomplished by recording wear rates and friction coefficients throughout the wear tests, as well as characterizing the worn surfaces through investigations using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under a 10 N load, AZ80 exhibits a coefficient of friction of 0.70, while the (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B₄C) composite showed the lowest coefficient of 0.48 among all the hybrid composites. Results showed that oxidation, abrasion, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant mechanisms caused by thermal softening and melting. The wear rate of unreinforced alloy and the composites increases at different normal loads of (10–20 N) due to the increase in microhardness according to Archard’s law. On the other hand, the wear rate decreased at various speeds (0.05–0.2 m/s) is also due to the transition from abrasion to plastic deformation. Among the developed composites, (AZ80 + 9% SiC + 3% B<sub>4</sub>C) exhibits excellent wear resistance at various load and sliding speeds. Current work indicates that hybrid Mg matrix composites can be considered as an outstanding material where high strength and wear-resistant components are used primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001
Xiaoxia Wang, Ming Gao, Ke Yang, Lili Tan
Traditional alloying strategies for enhancing the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloys often face challenges in achieving a balance between biocompatibility and corrosion control. This study exploited the adsorption of ZrO₂ onto the calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of a Mg alloy. The addition of trace Zr facilitated the thickening of the Ca-P salts adsorption layer formed during degradation. The results showed that Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy with diffusely distributed nano Zr-rich phase presented higher corrosion rate in the short-term immersion due to the galvanic corrosion between the Zr-rich phases and the ɑ-Mg substrate. However, enhanced long-term corrosion resistance was observed, which is attributed to the presence of Zr. Nano Zr-rich phase facilitated the adsorption and deposition of Ca-P compounds, resulting in the formation of a more homogenous protective layer. And the Ca:P (atom ratio) is 1.54, close to that of hydroxyapatite structure. This study proposed and verified a new method to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of biomedical Mg alloys, promising for future application.
{"title":"Absorbing Ca-P composites by Zr element in the alloy: A new method to improve the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloy","authors":"Xiaoxia Wang, Ming Gao, Ke Yang, Lili Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional alloying strategies for enhancing the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloys often face challenges in achieving a balance between biocompatibility and corrosion control. This study exploited the adsorption of ZrO₂ onto the calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of a Mg alloy. The addition of trace Zr facilitated the thickening of the Ca-P salts adsorption layer formed during degradation. The results showed that Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy with diffusely distributed nano Zr-rich phase presented higher corrosion rate in the short-term immersion due to the galvanic corrosion between the Zr-rich phases and the ɑ-Mg substrate. However, enhanced long-term corrosion resistance was observed, which is attributed to the presence of Zr. Nano Zr-rich phase facilitated the adsorption and deposition of Ca-P compounds, resulting in the formation of a more homogenous protective layer. And the Ca:P (atom ratio) is 1.54, close to that of hydroxyapatite structure. This study proposed and verified a new method to enhance the long-term corrosion resistance of biomedical Mg alloys, promising for future application.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, a dual-heterogeneous microstructure was fabricated in a Mg-6.49Gd-2.74Y-0.45Zr (wt.%) alloy via additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), featuring alternating fine grain (FG) bands embedded with dense nanoscale multiphase clusters and coarse grain (CG) bands containing sparse clusters. This unique architecture leads to simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. The AFSD alloy exhibits an elongation of 19.5 % and a yield strength of 262.2 MPa, which can be enhanced to 411.0 MPa following peak aging treatment. The formation mechanisms of heterogeneous microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Fragmented rare earth (RE)-containing eutectic phases at grain boundaries induced recrystallization via particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Their subsequent complete and rapid dissolution led to the formation of supersaturated RE solid solutions, which promoted the precipitation of nanoscale multiphase clusters with pronounced pinning effects, ultimately leading to the growth of differential grains and the formation of dual-heterostructures. Furthermore, CG/FG interfaces were found to activate non-basal slip systems within adjacent grains, while the nanoscale multiphase clusters can effectively hindered dislocation motion. The synergic effect of these mechanisms contributed to the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. This study provides fundamental insights for developing high-performance Mg-RE alloys.
{"title":"Study on dual-heterostructure in additive friction stir deposited Mg-Gd-Y alloys: Formation mechanism and mechanical response","authors":"Ziyan Li, Juan Chen, Ziyi Liu, Yu Zhang, Jiacheng Wang, Jinming Lin, Tingyan Wang, Guanglei Liu, Zhongqiu Bao, Liming Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, a dual-heterogeneous microstructure was fabricated in a Mg-6.49Gd-2.74Y-0.45Zr (wt.%) alloy via additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), featuring alternating fine grain (FG) bands embedded with dense nanoscale multiphase clusters and coarse grain (CG) bands containing sparse clusters. This unique architecture leads to simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. The AFSD alloy exhibits an elongation of 19.5 % and a yield strength of 262.2 MPa, which can be enhanced to 411.0 MPa following peak aging treatment. The formation mechanisms of heterogeneous microstructures and their influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Fragmented rare earth (RE)-containing eutectic phases at grain boundaries induced recrystallization via particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). Their subsequent complete and rapid dissolution led to the formation of supersaturated RE solid solutions, which promoted the precipitation of nanoscale multiphase clusters with pronounced pinning effects, ultimately leading to the growth of differential grains and the formation of dual-heterostructures. Furthermore, CG/FG interfaces were found to activate non-basal slip systems within adjacent grains, while the nanoscale multiphase clusters can effectively hindered dislocation motion. The synergic effect of these mechanisms contributed to the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility. This study provides fundamental insights for developing high-performance Mg-RE alloys.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145498422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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