Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.8
Ery Arifullah, Y. Zaim, A. Aswan, Djuhaeni Djuhaeni
Ichnofossils are still not used in paleoecological studies, even though they are a valuable proxy for paleoecology. This study focused on a semi-quantitative approach to a number of ichnofabric variables, i.e. ichnofossil association, bioturbation index (BI), ichnodiversity (ID), number of behaviors (NB), penetration depth (PD), and burrow diameter (DM). It was proved that the scores of those variables were low to medium because of the paleoecological fluvial-marine transition depositional processes in the Serravallian-Tortonian interval in Kutai Basin, Indonesia. This paper contributes an ichnofabric model that is visualized as histograms. One histogram shows the most common ichnofossil associations found in ichnofabric units, i.e., Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Paleophycus, Planolites, Thalassinoides, and Chondrites. The other histograms describe the ichnofabric variables scores for BI, ID, NB, PD, and DM. The variables represent low to medium scores, a characteristic of a brackish paleoecology at basin-scale, a unique indicator for the fluvial-marine transition depositional system.
{"title":"Basin-scale Paleoecology: Using Semi-quantitative Analysis of the Ichnofabric within Kutai Basin (Indonesia)","authors":"Ery Arifullah, Y. Zaim, A. Aswan, Djuhaeni Djuhaeni","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ichnofossils are still not used in paleoecological studies, even though they are a valuable proxy for paleoecology. This study focused on a semi-quantitative approach to a number of ichnofabric variables, i.e. ichnofossil association, bioturbation index (BI), ichnodiversity (ID), number of behaviors (NB), penetration depth (PD), and burrow diameter (DM). It was proved that the scores of those variables were low to medium because of the paleoecological fluvial-marine transition depositional processes in the Serravallian-Tortonian interval in Kutai Basin, Indonesia. This paper contributes an ichnofabric model that is visualized as histograms. One histogram shows the most common ichnofossil associations found in ichnofabric units, i.e., Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Paleophycus, Planolites, Thalassinoides, and Chondrites. The other histograms describe the ichnofabric variables scores for BI, ID, NB, PD, and DM. The variables represent low to medium scores, a characteristic of a brackish paleoecology at basin-scale, a unique indicator for the fluvial-marine transition depositional system.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.6
Agatha Abokwara, C. E. Madubueze
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting communities surrounded by water bodies where fishing activities take place or people go to swim, wash and cultivate crops. It poses a great risk to the health and economic life of inhabitants of the area. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of public health education and snail control measures on the incidence of schistosomiasis. A model was developed with attention given to the snail and human populations that are the hosts of the cercariae and miracidia respectively. The existence and stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were established. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number was less than unity. Numerical simulations of the model were carried out to evaluate the impact of interventions (public health education and snail control measures) on schistosomiasis transmission. It was observed that the implementation of low coverage snail control with highly efficacious molluscicide and massive public health education will make the basic reproduction number smaller than unity, which implies the eradication of schistosomiasis in the population.
{"title":"The Role of Non-pharmacological Interventions on the Dynamics of Schistosomiasis","authors":"Agatha Abokwara, C. E. Madubueze","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting communities surrounded by water bodies where fishing activities take place or people go to swim, wash and cultivate crops. It poses a great risk to the health and economic life of inhabitants of the area. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of public health education and snail control measures on the incidence of schistosomiasis. A model was developed with attention given to the snail and human populations that are the hosts of the cercariae and miracidia respectively. The existence and stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were established. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium states were shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number was less than unity. Numerical simulations of the model were carried out to evaluate the impact of interventions (public health education and snail control measures) on schistosomiasis transmission. It was observed that the implementation of low coverage snail control with highly efficacious molluscicide and massive public health education will make the basic reproduction number smaller than unity, which implies the eradication of schistosomiasis in the population.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75503871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.5
D. Arbain, A. Bakhtiar, N. Syafni, N. -, Goldha Faroliu, N. Putra
Balanophora elongata (Balanophoraceae) is a tropical parasitic flowering plant 9 cm in height. Four known phenyl acrylic acid derivatives, methyl caffeate (1), caffeic acid (2), 1,6-di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3), and coniferin (4), were isolated from this plant. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, LC-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Extracts and isolated compounds were tested toward some standard human pathogenic bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Their inhibition zones were compared to that of chloramphenicol as positive control. Compound 1 showed inhibition toward Streptococcus mutans, while compound 3 and 4 inhibited Staphylococcus aureus.
Balanophora elongata (Balanophora)是一种热带寄生开花植物，高9厘米。从该植物中分离得到4个已知的苯基丙烯酸衍生物:咖啡酸甲酯(1)、咖啡酸(2)、1,6-二- o -咖啡基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃糖(3)和松柏苷(4)。通过IR、LC-ESI-MS、1D和2D NMR对化合物进行了结构分析。采用琼脂盘扩散法对提取液和分离化合物进行了对几种标准人致病菌的检测。并与阳性对照氯霉素的抑菌区进行了比较。化合物1对变形链球菌有抑制作用，化合物3和4对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。
{"title":"Isolation and Antibacterial Properties of Phenyl Acrylic Acid Derivatives from Balanophora elongata Blume","authors":"D. Arbain, A. Bakhtiar, N. Syafni, N. -, Goldha Faroliu, N. Putra","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Balanophora elongata (Balanophoraceae) is a tropical parasitic flowering plant 9 cm in height. Four known phenyl acrylic acid derivatives, methyl caffeate (1), caffeic acid (2), 1,6-di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3), and coniferin (4), were isolated from this plant. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined by IR, LC-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Extracts and isolated compounds were tested toward some standard human pathogenic bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Their inhibition zones were compared to that of chloramphenicol as positive control. Compound 1 showed inhibition toward Streptococcus mutans, while compound 3 and 4 inhibited Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74519939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.4
S. Supandi, Yeni Yeni, L. Dwita
Inflammation is a self-protective response to start the healing process. An anti-inflammatory target worth developing are lipoxygenase inhibitors, which have been studied for several diseases, including severe respiratory disease. This research had the goals of estimating the activity of 21 compounds from K. galanga to inhibit the lipoxygenase (LOX) and estimating the bond stability of the ligand-LOX complex. Based on the compound’s affinity for LOX, the compounds in K. galanga were selected by utilizing the PLANTS docking software, with zileuton as the reference ligand. The GROMACS application was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of the LOX-ligand complex at 310 K. Based on the chemPLP score, most of the 21 K. galanga compounds showed a higher affinity towards 5-LOX compared to zileuton. δ-3-carene had the best affinity for 5-LOX. In the simulation of molecular dynamics until 20 ns, the RMSD of δ-3-carene and 5-LOX was not more than 0.03 nm or 0.3 Å, indicating that the whole system showed decent stability and had ‑1.67392 x 106 kcal/mol as the average potential energy. The results showed that K. galanga contains active components of 5-LOX inhibitors that could be developed.
炎症是开始愈合过程的一种自我保护反应。一个值得开发的抗炎靶点是脂氧合酶抑制剂，它已经被研究用于几种疾病，包括严重的呼吸系统疾病。本研究旨在评估高良姜中21个化合物抑制脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性，并评估配体-LOX复合物的键稳定性。根据化合物对LOX的亲和力，利用PLANTS对接软件选择高良姜中的化合物，并以zileuton作为参考配体。使用GROMACS应用程序模拟了lox -配体配合物在310 K下的分子动力学。根据chemPLP评分，21种高良姜化合物中大多数对5-LOX的亲和力高于zileuton。δ-3-芳烃对5-LOX的亲和力最好。在20 ns的分子动力学模拟中，δ-3-蒈烯和5-LOX的RMSD均不大于0.03 nm或0.3 Å，表明整个体系具有较好的稳定性，平均势能为- 1.67392 x 106 kcal/mol。结果表明，高良姜中含有可开发的5-LOX抑制剂活性成分。
{"title":"Docking Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Compounds Contained in Kaempferia Galanga L. to Lipoxygenase (LOX) for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs","authors":"S. Supandi, Yeni Yeni, L. Dwita","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is a self-protective response to start the healing process. An anti-inflammatory target worth developing are lipoxygenase inhibitors, which have been studied for several diseases, including severe respiratory disease. This research had the goals of estimating the activity of 21 compounds from K. galanga to inhibit the lipoxygenase (LOX) and estimating the bond stability of the ligand-LOX complex. Based on the compound’s affinity for LOX, the compounds in K. galanga were selected by utilizing the PLANTS docking software, with zileuton as the reference ligand. The GROMACS application was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of the LOX-ligand complex at 310 K. Based on the chemPLP score, most of the 21 K. galanga compounds showed a higher affinity towards 5-LOX compared to zileuton. δ-3-carene had the best affinity for 5-LOX. In the simulation of molecular dynamics until 20 ns, the RMSD of δ-3-carene and 5-LOX was not more than 0.03 nm or 0.3 Å, indicating that the whole system showed decent stability and had ‑1.67392 x 106 kcal/mol as the average potential energy. The results showed that K. galanga contains active components of 5-LOX inhibitors that could be developed.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75815871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.3
Jhoana P. Romero–Leiton, M. Ozair, Takasar Hussaing
Cholera is a disease that continues to be a threat to public health globally and is an indicator of inequity and lack of social development in countries. For this reason, strategies for its control need to be investigated. In this work, an optimal control problem related to cholera disease was formulated by introducing personal protection, drug treatment and water sanitation as control strategies. First, the existence and characterization of controls to minimize the performance index or cost function was proved by using classic control theory. Then, the theoretical results were validated with numerical experiments by using data reported in the literature. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed controls were determined through a cost-effectiveness analysis. The results showed that the use of the three controls simultaneously is the cheapest and most effective strategy to control the disease.
{"title":"Optimal Control Problem for Cholera Disease and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","authors":"Jhoana P. Romero–Leiton, M. Ozair, Takasar Hussaing","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cholera is a disease that continues to be a threat to public health globally and is an indicator of inequity and lack of social development in countries. For this reason, strategies for its control need to be investigated. In this work, an optimal control problem related to cholera disease was formulated by introducing personal protection, drug treatment and water sanitation as control strategies. First, the existence and characterization of controls to minimize the performance index or cost function was proved by using classic control theory. Then, the theoretical results were validated with numerical experiments by using data reported in the literature. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed controls were determined through a cost-effectiveness analysis. The results showed that the use of the three controls simultaneously is the cheapest and most effective strategy to control the disease.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91050559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.2
Rusmawan Suwarman, Novitasari Novitasari, I. D. G. A. Junnaedhi
This study aims to understand the characteristic of evaporation and to evaluate the evaporation estimation methods to be employed in Bandung by using observation data at three different land cover characteristics sites, namely, densely vegetated area (Baleendah), densely built-up area (Ujung Berung), and mix of buildings and vegetation area (ITB). Observation data used are hourly evaporation, vapour pressure deficit, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and radiation. The analysis was done mostly by using statistical methods such as regression analysis and error comparison. The result shows the dominant weather factor affecting the evaporation in ITB and Ujung Berung is vapour pressure deficit, and in Baleendah is solar radiation. The methods of evaporation estimations used in this study are Trabert, Schendel, Turc, and CIMIS-Penman methods. The result shows that the original constant values of those methods are significantly correlated. However, the Schendel is found the most overestimated, and the second is Turc. The best estimated evaporation in Baleendah, ITB, and Ujung Berung is calculated using CIMIS-Penman with one hour lag of radiation, Trabert, and Calibrated Schendel, respectively. The improvement of constant value was applied to Schendel and the result is better than the original constants.
{"title":"A Study on Characteristics and Comparison of Evaporation Estimation Methods in Bandung","authors":"Rusmawan Suwarman, Novitasari Novitasari, I. D. G. A. Junnaedhi","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to understand the characteristic of evaporation and to evaluate the evaporation estimation methods to be employed in Bandung by using observation data at three different land cover characteristics sites, namely, densely vegetated area (Baleendah), densely built-up area (Ujung Berung), and mix of buildings and vegetation area (ITB). Observation data used are hourly evaporation, vapour pressure deficit, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and radiation. The analysis was done mostly by using statistical methods such as regression analysis and error comparison. The result shows the dominant weather factor affecting the evaporation in ITB and Ujung Berung is vapour pressure deficit, and in Baleendah is solar radiation. The methods of evaporation estimations used in this study are Trabert, Schendel, Turc, and CIMIS-Penman methods. The result shows that the original constant values of those methods are significantly correlated. However, the Schendel is found the most overestimated, and the second is Turc. The best estimated evaporation in Baleendah, ITB, and Ujung Berung is calculated using CIMIS-Penman with one hour lag of radiation, Trabert, and Calibrated Schendel, respectively. The improvement of constant value was applied to Schendel and the result is better than the original constants.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77766668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.3.7
P. Premadi, D. Nugroho, A. Jaelani
We report the results of combined analyses of X-ray and optical data of two galaxy clusters, CL 0024+1654 and RX J0152.7−1357 at redshift z = 0.395 and z = 0.830, respectively, offering a holistic physical description of the two clusters. Our X-ray analysis yielded temperature and density profiles of the gas in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). Using optical photometric and spectroscopic data, complemented with mass distribution from a gravitational lensing study, we investigated any possible correlation between the physical properties of the galaxy members, i.e. their color, morphology, and star formation rate (SFR), and their environments. We quantified the properties of the environment around each galaxy by galaxy number density, ICM temperature, and mass density. Although our results show that the two clusters exhibit a weaker correlation compared to relaxed clusters, it still confirms the significant effect of the ICM on the SFR in the galaxies. The close relation between the physical properties of galaxies and the condition of their immediate environment found in this work indicates the locality of galaxy evolution, even within a larger bound system such as a cluster. Various physical mechanisms are suggested to explain the relation between the properties of galaxies and their environment.
{"title":"Properties of the Environment of Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies CL 0024+1654 and RX J0152.7−1357","authors":"P. Premadi, D. Nugroho, A. Jaelani","doi":"10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2021.53.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of combined analyses of X-ray and optical data of two galaxy clusters, CL 0024+1654 and RX J0152.7−1357 at redshift z = 0.395 and z = 0.830, respectively, offering a holistic physical description of the two clusters. Our X-ray analysis yielded temperature and density profiles of the gas in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). Using optical photometric and spectroscopic data, complemented with mass distribution from a gravitational lensing study, we investigated any possible correlation between the physical properties of the galaxy members, i.e. their color, morphology, and star formation rate (SFR), and their environments. We quantified the properties of the environment around each galaxy by galaxy number density, ICM temperature, and mass density. Although our results show that the two clusters exhibit a weaker correlation compared to relaxed clusters, it still confirms the significant effect of the ICM on the SFR in the galaxies. The close relation between the physical properties of galaxies and the condition of their immediate environment found in this work indicates the locality of galaxy evolution, even within a larger bound system such as a cluster. Various physical mechanisms are suggested to explain the relation between the properties of galaxies and their environment.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90110520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.9
B. Sooryanarayana, Suma Agani Shanmukha
A subset S of vertices of a simple connected graph is a neighborhood set (n-set) of G if G is the union of subgraphs of G induced by the closed neighbors of elements in S. Further, a set S is a resolving set of G if for each pair of distinct vertices x, y of G, there is a vertex s ∈ S such that d(s, x) ≠ d(s, y). An n-set that serves as a resolving set for G is called an nr-set of G. The nr-set with least cardinality is called an nr-metric basis of G and its cardinality is called the neighborhood metric dimension of graph G. In this paper, we characterize graphs of neighborhood metric dimension two.
{"title":"Graphs of Neighborhood Metric Dimension Two","authors":"B. Sooryanarayana, Suma Agani Shanmukha","doi":"10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"A subset S of vertices of a simple connected graph is a neighborhood set (n-set) of G if G is the union of subgraphs of G induced by the closed neighbors of elements in S. Further, a set S is a resolving set of G if for each pair of distinct vertices x, y of G, there is a vertex s ∈ S such that d(s, x) ≠ d(s, y). An n-set that serves as a resolving set for G is called an nr-set of G. The nr-set with least cardinality is called an nr-metric basis of G and its cardinality is called the neighborhood metric dimension of graph G. In this paper, we characterize graphs of neighborhood metric dimension two.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"118-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75490735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.8
R. A. Susidarti, E. Meiyanto, Muthi’ Ikawati, Normaidah Normaidah, Nurramadhani A Sida
Isolation and identification of compounds and pharmacological activity of Micromelum minutum grown in some countries has been done, but M. minutum from Indonesia has not been studied yet, either phytochemically or pharmacologically. The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of Indonesian M. minutum leave extracts toward MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. The leaves were obtained from M. minutum grown in Bantimurung National Park, Bulusaraung, South Sulawesi. They were macerated gradually in hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained extracts was determined by MTT assay. The extraction yielded hexane (HEM), ethyl acetate (EEM), and methanol (MEM) extracts of 2.65, 6.12, and 6.49%, respectively. HEM was the most active extract, with IC50 values of 148 and 87 μg/mL on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells, respectively, followed by EEM (185 and 170 μg/mL). MEM possessed weak potency, with an IC50 value of 384 μg/mL on MCF-7 cells, and was not toxic toward 4T1 cells. Therefore, HEM is important to be further investigated for its active constituents.
{"title":"Indonesian Micromelum minutum Leave Extracts and Their Cytotoxic Activities toward Breast Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"R. A. Susidarti, E. Meiyanto, Muthi’ Ikawati, Normaidah Normaidah, Nurramadhani A Sida","doi":"10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/J.MATH.FUND.SCI.2021.53.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation and identification of compounds and pharmacological activity of Micromelum minutum grown in some countries has been done, but M. minutum from Indonesia has not been studied yet, either phytochemically or pharmacologically. The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of Indonesian M. minutum leave extracts toward MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. The leaves were obtained from M. minutum grown in Bantimurung National Park, Bulusaraung, South Sulawesi. They were macerated gradually in hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained extracts was determined by MTT assay. The extraction yielded hexane (HEM), ethyl acetate (EEM), and methanol (MEM) extracts of 2.65, 6.12, and 6.49%, respectively. HEM was the most active extract, with IC50 values of 148 and 87 μg/mL on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells, respectively, followed by EEM (185 and 170 μg/mL). MEM possessed weak potency, with an IC50 value of 384 μg/mL on MCF-7 cells, and was not toxic toward 4T1 cells. Therefore, HEM is important to be further investigated for its active constituents.","PeriodicalId":16255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81793720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.5614/J.FUND.MATH.SCI.2021.53.1.6
Ismiarni Komala, S. Supandi, Nurmeilis Nurmeilis, Yardi Yardi, Ofa Suzanti Betha, N. Indriyani, Moethia Moethia, Muhamad Beny Setiawan, Ghilman Dharmawan, Putri Hayati Nufus, Noni Tri Utami
The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga has been known to contain ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) (1) as a main component, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Previously we have reported the structural modification of EPMC (1) to form another ester, nitrostyrene, and cinnammamide derivatives and then studied their structure-activity relationships as anti-inflammatory agent. In continuing our research, in this paper, we report the microwave-assisted Claisen-Schmidt condensation of EPMC (1) to synthesize a series of p-methoxystyryl ketones followed by a study of their anti-inflammatory activity. The reaction begins with microwave-assisted cleavage oxidation of hydrolyzed product of EPMC, p-methoxycinnamic acid (2) with Ca(NO3)2 for the synthesis of p-methoxybenzaldehyde (3). Furthermore, 3 was reacted with acetophenone, ethyl methyl ketone and acetone via microwave-assisted Claisen-Schmidt condensation for the synthesis of (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (5a) (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pent-1-en-3-one (5b) and (E)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one (5c), respectively. The reaction products were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and were then tested for anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro anti-denaturation of protein assay. It was found that converting EPMC (1) to 5a and 5b reduced anti-inflammatory activity, while 5c retained anti-denaturation activity with an IC50 of 72.8 µg/ml.
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