Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献_第9页

Development and application of SYBR Green-based qPCR method to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing translucent post-larvae disease in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 基于SYBR green的凡纳滨对虾半透明幼虫后病副溶血性弧菌qPCR检测方法的建立与应用

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108475

Xin Jia , Yu Tao , Bingxin Shi , Junjiang Liu , Junjie Qin , Lu Zhang , Mengqiang Wang

As a dominant species in global aquaculture, Litopenaeus vannamei not only represents one of the three most extensively farmed shrimp varieties, but had also emerged as a core economic species in many countries. However, shrimp farming operations have been persistently plagued by diseases and infections, with multiple highly contagious and lethal pathogens causing devastating economic losses. Among them, translucent post-larvae disease (TPD) was characterized as a novel pathology attributable to a distinct subtype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpTPD), which harbors three virulence genes designated as vhvp-1, vhvp-2 and vhvp-3. In this research, a series of SYBR Green-based qPCR methods were efficiently applied to detect and quantify the vhvp-1, vhvp-2 and vhvp-3 genes of VpTPD. By designing 18 pairs of primers and screening the optimal combination, a highly specific amplification system with vhvp-2-F3/vhvp-2-R3 primer pair was successfully established. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the limit of detection in this assay for detecting VpTPD (vhvp-2) was 4.46 × 10⁰ copies/μL. Furthermore, the standard curve exhibited excellent linearity (R² = 0.992), and a single distinct peak was observed in the melting curve, indicating the absence of non-target products. Specificity tests confirmed that the method had no amplification reaction against any other common pathogens. In addition, the detection system remained stable at background shrimp DNA concentrations as high as 1500 ng/μL, and achieved 100 % detection rates in practical testing. Compared with traditional methods, these SYBR Green-based qPCR methods developed in this research possessed superior sensitivity, strong specificity and anti-interference ability, which could efficiently detect VpTPD pathogens and provided reliable technical support for large-scale screening and early prevention in shrimp farming.

凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）作为全球水产养殖的优势种，不仅是养殖最广泛的三大对虾品种之一，而且已成为许多国家的核心经济物种。然而，对虾养殖业务一直受到疾病和感染的困扰，多种高度传染性和致命性病原体造成了毁灭性的经济损失。其中，半透明幼虫后疾病（TPD）是副溶血性弧菌（VpTPD）一种独特亚型的新病理，该亚型含有vhvp-1、vhvp-2和vhvp-3三个毒力基因。本研究采用基于SYBR green的一系列qPCR方法，高效地检测和定量VpTPD的vhvp-1、vhvp-2和vhvp-3基因。通过设计18对引物并筛选最佳组合，成功建立了vhvp-2-F3/vhvp-2-R3引物对的高特异性扩增体系。定量分析表明，该方法检测VpTPD （vhvp-2）的检出限为4.46 × 100拷贝/μL。标准曲线具有良好的线性关系（R2 = 0.992），在熔解曲线上有一个明显的单峰，表明没有非目标产物。特异性试验证实该方法对其他常见病原菌无扩增反应。此外，该检测系统在背景浓度高达1500 ng/μL时保持稳定，在实际测试中达到100% %的检出率。与传统方法相比，本研究开发的基于SYBR green的qPCR方法灵敏度高、特异性强、抗干扰能力强，可有效检测出VpTPD病原菌，为对虾养殖的规模化筛选和早期预防提供可靠的技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Parasite infection delays ecdysis in an insect model (Rhodnius prolixus), with ecdysis-related defects and mortality 寄生虫感染延迟蜕皮的昆虫模型（Rhodnius prolixus），与蜕皮相关的缺陷和死亡率。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108467

Elenir Aparecida Queiroz , Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri , Simon Luke Elliot

Insect development depends on the success of moulting, which is the process of producing a new cuticle and shedding the old one. While there is evidence that insects infected by parasites can experience increased mortality during moulting, this phenomenon is not well quantified or understood. Here we used the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma rangeli as a model system to address this. Rhodnius prolixus has long been used as a model for moulting due to its easy maintenance and predictable development after feeding. Here, insects were first infected through feeding on infected mice, followed by haemocoel injection of the parasite. Survival and moulting-related behaviour were then assessed. Mortality of 4th instar T. rangeli-infected nymphs was 6 % higher than that of uninfected insects. Infected insects showed more defective moults as well as failure to moult. Moulting was initiated at 42 days after the blood meal in infected insects, a severe delay compared to 17 days in uninfected insects. We also analyzed ecdysis-related behaviour of insects under infection. Infected insects took longer to complete the actual process of ecdysis (once initiated) than did uninfected insects, specifically at the beginning (ecdysial line disruption) and the end (exuvium release) of the process. Our results indicate likely effects of infection on the behaviours that allow the insect to escape from the old cuticle, and help understand fundamental physiological processes of insect development under infection. Increased mortality during moulting of infected insects is probably a common phenomenon, but one that is likely largely overlooked in both laboratory and field studies.

昆虫的发育取决于蜕皮的成功，这是一个产生新角质层并脱落旧角质层的过程。虽然有证据表明，受寄生虫感染的昆虫在换毛期间死亡率会增加，但这一现象尚未得到很好的量化或理解。在这里，我们使用三角蝽虫（半翅目：红蝇科）和原生动物寄生虫兰氏锥虫作为模型系统来解决这个问题。长尾黄鳝由于其易于维护和喂养后可预测的发育，长期以来一直被用作换毛的模型。在这里，昆虫首先通过食用被感染的老鼠而感染，然后将寄生虫注入血腔。然后评估生存和换羽相关行为。4龄染恙螨若虫死亡率比未染恙螨高6 %。受感染的昆虫表现出更多的蜕皮缺陷和蜕皮失败。被感染的昆虫在吸血后42 天开始换羽，与未被感染的昆虫的17 天相比，这是一个严重的延迟。我们还分析了感染后昆虫蜕皮的相关行为。感染昆虫完成蜕皮过程（一旦开始）的时间比未感染昆虫长，特别是在蜕皮过程的开始（蜕皮线中断）和结束（蜕皮释放）。我们的研究结果表明，感染可能对昆虫从旧角质层中逃脱的行为产生影响，并有助于了解感染下昆虫发育的基本生理过程。受感染昆虫在换毛期间死亡率增加可能是一种普遍现象，但在实验室和实地研究中很可能在很大程度上被忽视。

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引用次数: 0

Beehive-entrance imaging and deep learning for real-time monitoring of Varroa destructor in apiculture 蜂房入口成像与深度学习技术在蜂房破坏蚁实时监测中的应用。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108465

Tai-Sheng Su , Chin-Chun Wu , Tzu-Yin Lin , Cheng-Hsiang Liu

Varroa destructor is a major ectoparasite threatening apiculture worldwide, especially in Taiwan. We retrofit conventional hives with an entrance imaging chamber and deploy a YOLOv5s-based detector for real-time mite detection on Apis mellifera. Trained on 1,600 annotated images supplemented with mite close-ups, the model achieved a mean average precision ([email protected]) of 97.4 %. Video tests at hive entrances further confirmed robust performance under motion and illumination variability. We retrofitted conventional hives with an entrance imaging chamber and implemented a YOLOv5s-based detector for real-time mite detection. To facilitate adoption, we present a per-hive bill of materials and a five-year annualized cost model, demonstrating a low annual per-hive cost suitable for apiary-scale deployment. The proposed system reduces labor-intensive inspections and enables early mite detection, contributing to sustainable and data-driven beekeeping practices.

灭螨是危害世界各地养蜂业的主要外寄生昆虫，台湾地区尤甚。我们对传统的蜂箱进行改造，增加了一个入口成像室，并部署了基于yolov5的探测器，用于实时检测蜜蜂的螨虫。在1600张附有螨虫特写的带注释的图像上训练，该模型的平均精度（mAP@0.5）达到97.4% %。在蜂巢入口的视频测试进一步证实了在运动和光照变化下的稳健性能。我们用入口成像室改造了传统的蜂箱，并实施了基于yolov5的实时螨虫检测探测器。为了促进采用，我们提出了一个每蜂巢的材料清单和一个五年的年化成本模型，证明了一个低的每蜂巢年成本适合养蜂规模的部署。拟议的系统减少了劳动密集型的检查，并能够早期检测螨虫，有助于可持续和数据驱动的养蜂实践。

引用次数: 0

Wolbachia-Based Biocontrol of Aedes aegypti: Current Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects 基于沃尔巴克氏体的埃及伊蚊生物防治：当前进展、挑战和未来前景。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108468

Ashif Ahamed , Safdar Ali , Mehboob Hoque

Wolbachia is used as a potential biocontrol tool to reduce dengue mosquitoes and also to reduce dengue virus (DENV) load in transinfected Aedes aegypti. Different field trials including the ones by the World Mosquito Program (WMP) have deployed Wolbachia carrying DENV primary vectors at different target sites worldwide. Field trials suggest that through the Population Replacement Strategy (PRS) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT), Wolbachia can either introgress into the local Ae. aegypti population or reduce their population size by cytoplasmic incompatibility, leading to subsequent reduction in dengue incidence at target sites. Key challenges for this strategy include establishing and sustaining the transinfected mosquito population, selecting the appropriate bacterial strain, ensuring the long term establishment of transinfected dengue mosquitoes across multiple generations, determining appropriate approach for mosquito field release, addressing operational constraints, and managing potential viral evolution. Moreover, the outcome of Wolbachia mediated biological control of Ae. aegypti in a broad scale is yet to be seen and the long-term stability of Wolbachia in transinfected mosquitoes remains unconfirmed. Significant success has been recorded in a broad scale deployment of wAlbB-carrying Ae. aegypti through the ongoing Wolbachia Malaysia project, resulting in reduction of dengue fever cases. Successful large-deployment of this strategy has also been performed in Colombia and Indonesia (1.7 to 3.3 million people and 135–540 km² area). Similar investigations on broad scale for longer period across different environmental conditions using transinfected mosquito deployment and associated risk analysis are imperative before adopting this biological control approach as a potent dengue control strategy worldwide.

沃尔巴克氏体是一种潜在的生物防治工具，可以减少登革热蚊子，也可以减少经感染的埃及伊蚊的登革热病毒载量。包括世界蚊子计划（WMP）在内的不同现场试验在世界各地不同的目标地点部署了携带DENV主要媒介的沃尔巴克氏体。现场试验表明，通过种群替代策略（PRS）和不相容昆虫技术（IIT），沃尔巴克氏体可以渗入当地的伊蚊。或通过细胞质不相容现象减少埃及伊蚊种群规模，并随后减少目标地点的登革热发病率。该策略面临的挑战是建立和维持感染的蚊子种群，选择合适的细菌菌株，长期建立几代感染的登革热蚊子，选择合适的蚊子野外释放方法，操作挑战和病毒进化。此外，沃尔巴克氏体介导的大规模生物控制埃及伊蚊的结果尚待观察，沃尔巴克氏体在被感染蚊子中的长期稳定性仍未得到证实。通过正在进行的马来西亚沃尔巴克氏体项目，在大规模部署携带walb的埃及伊蚊方面取得了重大成功，从而减少了登革热病例。在哥伦比亚和印度尼西亚（人口170万至330万，面积135-540 平方公里）也成功地大规模部署了这一战略。在采用这种生物防治方法作为一种有效的登革热控制策略之前，必须在不同的环境条件下进行大规模、长时间的类似调查，并进行相关的风险分析。

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引用次数: 0

Involvement of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus GP37 in the postmortem host liquefaction 家蚕核多角体病毒GP37参与死后宿主液化

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108469

Shota Fujimoto , Kaito Fujimaki , Susumu Katsuma , Masashi Iwanaga

GP37, a component protein of baculovirus particles, enhances the ability of occlusion-derived virions (ODV) to penetrate the peritrophic membrane of host insects. The GP37 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV Orf52, Bm52) localizes to the mitochondria of host cells throughout the course of infection. However, the specific role of BmNPV GP37 (BmGP37) within infected cells and larvae remains unclear. In this study, to investigate the function of BmGP37, a Bmgp37-deleted virus (Bmgp37D) was constructed by inserting an hsp70-lacZ cassette. No significant differences were found between Bmgp37D and the wild type virus (WT) in terms of viral genome replication or virulence in cultured cells. However, both LC₅₀ and LD₅₀ values of Bmgp37D were higher in B. mori larvae compared to those of WT, and the LT₅₀ of Bmgp37D was significantly longer than that of WT. Notably, postmortem liquefaction, crucial for the environmental release of occlusion bodies, was severely lessened in Bmgp37D −infected larvae. Expression levels of viral chitinase and viral cathepsin, both of which are associated with larval disintegration, showed no significant difference between Bmgp37D and WT. Similarly, systemic infection levels did not differ between Bmgp37D and WT. These findings indicate that BmGP37 is a novel protein required for postmortem host liquefaction.

GP37是杆状病毒颗粒的一种组分蛋白，可增强封闭衍生病毒粒子（ODV）穿透宿主昆虫营养膜的能力。家蚕核多角体病毒（BmNPV Orf52, Bm52）的GP37在整个感染过程中定位于宿主细胞的线粒体。然而，BmNPV GP37 （BmGP37）在感染细胞和幼虫中的具体作用尚不清楚。为了研究BmGP37的功能，本研究通过插入hsp70-lacZ卡带构建BmGP37缺失病毒（Bmgp37D）。Bmgp37D与野生型病毒（WT）在培养细胞中的病毒基因组复制和毒力方面无显著差异。然而，Bmgp37D在家蚕幼虫中的LC50和LD50值均高于WT， LT50值明显高于WT。值得注意的是，Bmgp37D感染的家蚕幼虫的死后液化（对闭塞体的环境释放至关重要）严重降低。病毒几丁质酶和病毒组织蛋白酶的表达水平在Bmgp37D和WT之间没有显著差异。同样，Bmgp37D和WT之间的全身感染水平也没有差异。这些发现表明BmGP37是死后宿主液化所需的一种新型蛋白。

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引用次数: 0

Survival mechanisms of preselected breeder honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies under Varroa-infestation: Selective breeding of natural selection 蜜蜂种群在varroa侵害下的生存机制：自然选择的选择性育种。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108466

Peter Njukang Akongte , Daegeun Oh , Kim Jin-Myung , Chang-hoon Lee , Yong-Soo Choi , Dongwon Kim

Including other stressors, global losses of honeybee colonies are attributed to Varroa destructor. Among control measures, breeding resistant bee strains are promising and eco-friendly, though the mechanisms involved are complex. This study evaluated mite fall, mite population, colony development (brood and adult population), and viral infestations across three groups: Group A (hygienic, low grooming), Group B (non-hygienic, high grooming), and Group C (Intermediate traits) from June to October 2024. Groups B and C had lower colony mortality than Group A. Although the average number of fallen mites and overall mite population were not significantly different among the groups, the number was higher in groups A and C. Daily mite fall showed no significant correlation with adult bee populations. However, significantly weak negative correlations were observed between the brood population and daily mite fall. Deformed wing virus, Acute bee paralysis virus, Isreali acute paralysis virus, and Chronic bee paralysis virus were detected. Deformed wing virus, acute bee paralysis virus, and Isreali acute paralysis virus showed high levels of expression. This study highlights that non-hygienic bees with high grooming activity can perform better against V. destructor. Further research should evaluate the level of resistance in hygienic bees with short postcapping brood duration, grooming bees with short postcapping brood duration, and Varroa sensitive hygiene bees with short postcapping brood duration.

包括其他压力因素在内，全球蜂群的损失归因于瓦罗亚破坏者。在控制措施中，培育具有抗性的蜜蜂品种是有希望的和环保的，尽管涉及的机制很复杂。本研究评估了2024年6月至10月三组：A组（卫生，低梳理），B组（不卫生，高梳理）和C组（中间性状）的螨下降，螨种群，菌落发育（幼虫和成虫种群）和病毒感染。B组和C组蜂群死亡率低于A组，各组间平均落螨数和总螨数差异不显著，但A组和C组落螨数高于A组。然而，幼虫数量与螨日下降呈显著的弱负相关。检测出畸形翼病毒、急性蜂麻痹病毒、以色列急性蜂麻痹病毒和慢性蜂麻痹病毒。畸形翼病毒、急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒和以色列急性麻痹病毒高表达。本研究强调，具有高梳理活性的不卫生蜜蜂对破坏性弧菌的表现更好。对冠后育期短的卫生型蜜蜂、冠后育期短的梳理型蜜蜂和冠后育期短的瓦螨敏感型卫生型蜜蜂的抗性水平有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Entomopathogenic soil bacteria as biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Fab): A sustainable approach 昆虫病原土壤细菌作为斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）的生物防治剂：一种可持续的方法。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108464

Pallvi Mehra , Arushi Mahajan , Prince Dhammi , Satish Koundal , Harvinder Singh Saini , Sanehdeep Kaur

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as the tobacco caterpillar, is a polyphagous pest found worldwide, causing considerable damage to a variety of agricultural crops. The overuse of chemical insecticides against S. litura has led to the development of resistance, residue problem and ecological imbalance. To address these issues, sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives like microbial control has emerged as a key strategy in integrated pest management. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the insecticidal properties of soil bacteria as potential biocontrol agents against S. litura. Among the screened bacteria, Planococcus sp. (KIC5), Rhodococcus sp. (MG1) and Comamonas sp. (C2) caused 82, 80 and 78 % mortality respectively, compared to 8 % in control S. litura larvae treated with leaves dipped in PBS only. Besides larvicidal activity, these bacteria also prolonged the overall development period with a prolongation of 5.63 days due to MG1, decreased adult emergence and caused morphological abnormalities in S. litura. A remarkable effect was also observed on nutritional indices of S. litura larvae in the form of decreased relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), and altered approximate digestibility (AD). The significant adverse effects of KIC5, MG1 and C2 on various biological and nutritional parameters of S. litura indicate their potential as effective biocontrol agents against S. litura.

斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科），俗称烟草毛虫，是一种遍布世界各地的多食性害虫，对多种农作物造成相当大的危害。化学杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的过度使用导致了其抗药性、残留问题和生态失衡。为了解决这些问题，微生物控制等可持续和生态友好的替代方案已成为综合虫害管理的关键战略。因此，本研究旨在评价土壤细菌作为潜在的生物防治剂对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫性能。在筛选到的细菌中，Planococcus sp. （KIC5）、Rhodococcus sp. （MG1）和Comamonas sp. （C2）的死亡率分别为82%、80%和78% %，而对照的斜纹山楂幼虫仅用叶片蘸PBS处理，死亡率为8 %。这些细菌除具有杀幼虫作用外，还能延长斜纹夜蛾的整体发育周期，由于MG1的作用，延长了5.63 d，减少了成虫的羽化，并造成了形态异常。对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的营养指标也有显著影响，表现为相对生长率（RGR）、相对摄食率（RCR）、摄入食物转化效率（ECI）、消化食物转化效率（ECD）和近似消化率（AD）的降低。KIC5、MG1和C2对斜纹夜蛾的各种生物学和营养参数均有显著的不良影响，表明其具有作为斜纹夜蛾有效生物防治剂的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Host-parasite interactions between Unionicola savadiensis and freshwater mussels reveal infestation patterns and metabolic adaptations in Himalayan streams 寄主-寄主之间的相互作用在savadiensis和淡水贻贝揭示侵染模式和代谢适应喜马拉雅河流。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108460

Ajaz Ali Ahmed Khan , Vijay Kumar , Suruchi Gupta , Parvinderpal Singh , Zabeer Ahmed , Ravail Singh

This study investigates the complex host-parasite interactions between Unionicola mites and freshwater mussels, focusing on infestation patterns across four mussel species from two river streams. Furthermore, this study explores the metabolic adaptations of a parasitic mite infesting Himalayan freshwater mussels, focusing on producing the macromolecule 13-cis-docosenamide. Lamellidens corrianus emerged as the primary host, with environmental and morphometric factors influencing infestation dynamics. Using combined morphological and molecular taxonomy, the mites were identified as Unionicola (Myanmaratax) savadiensis, and their biochemical adaptations were explored. Metabolomics profiling highlighted the presence of 13-cis-docosenamide in gill-associated mites, indicating a potential host-specific adaptation. This compound is novel to mites and suggests a unique interaction with the host’s chemical environment. GC–MS profiling of mussels stated the presence of the precursor docosenoic acid but not the final compound, supporting the hypothesis that mites synthesize 13-cis-docosenamide from host-derived precursors. The absence of this compound in mites from accidental hosts further highlights the specificity of this metabolic adaptation. Additionally, other isolated compounds were identified as polymer additives, which are known for their toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties, exacerbating ecological threats to mussel populations. This study highlights the dual ecological pressures of parasitism and the dynamics of these organisms, advancing our understanding of freshwater ecosystems and their threats.

本研究调查了Unionicola螨虫与淡水贻贝之间复杂的宿主-寄生虫相互作用，重点研究了来自两条河流的四种贻贝的侵染模式。此外，本研究探讨了寄生在喜马拉雅淡水贻贝上的寄生螨的代谢适应性，重点是产生大分子13-顺式二十二酰胺。corrianus作为主要寄主出现，其侵染动态受环境和形态因素的影响。结合形态学和分子分类，鉴定该螨为缅甸螨（Unionicola (Myanmaratax) savadiensis），并探讨其生化适应性。代谢组学分析强调了鳃相关螨中13-顺式二十二酰胺的存在，表明潜在的宿主特异性适应。这种化合物对螨虫来说是新奇的，表明它与宿主的化学环境有独特的相互作用。贻贝的气相色谱-质谱分析表明存在前体二十二烯酸，但不存在最终化合物，支持螨虫从宿主来源的前体合成13-顺式二十二烯酰胺的假设。在偶然寄主的螨虫中缺乏这种化合物进一步强调了这种代谢适应的特异性。此外，其他分离的化合物被确定为聚合物添加剂，这些化合物以其毒性和内分泌干扰特性而闻名，加剧了对贻贝种群的生态威胁。这项研究强调了寄生的双重生态压力和这些生物的动态，促进了我们对淡水生态系统及其威胁的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Infection with trematodes Apophallus sp. affects the growth and activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the invasive gravel snail Lithoglyphus naticoides 刺虫侵染对入侵石螺生长和酶活性的影响。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108461

Aleksandra S. Sokolova , Tatyana V. Frolova , Evgeny I. Izvekov , Galina I. Izvekova

Currently, the alien freshwater gastropod Lithoglyphus naticoides is rapidly expanding its range and promoting the spread of parasitic trematodes Apophallus sp. These flatworms use the snail as intermediate host and may cause the dangerous black-spotted disease in fish juveniles. However, despite the obvious importance of knowing the physiological bases of this host-parasite interplay, studies in this area remain scanty. Therefore we focused on the size-weight and physiological parameters of L. naticoides and their changes in response to Apophallus infection. It was found that the shell height and total body weight significantly increase in the infected molluscs. In contrast, protease activities were significantly lower in infected than in naïve snails over a wide pH range. Inhibitor analysis showed the presence of serine-, cysteine- and metalloproteinase activity in L. naticoides. Trematode infection most strongly affected the serine proteinases, reducing their activity levels. At the same time, the infection did not cause a decrease in α–amylase activity in the gravel snails. Moreover, at certain pH values, α–amylase activity was significantly higher in parasitized than in non-parasitized specimens. These metabolic features may contribute to growth acceleration in parasitized hosts, thereby affecting their survival and spread, which eventually may have far–reaching consequences for the reservoir ecosystems.

目前，外来淡水腹足动物Lithoglyphus naticoides正在迅速扩大其活动范围，并促进寄生吸虫Apophallus sp.的传播。这些扁虫以蜗牛为中间寄主，可能导致危险的鱼幼体黑斑病。然而，尽管了解这种宿主-寄生虫相互作用的生理基础具有明显的重要性，但这方面的研究仍然很少。因此，本研究重点研究了白腹草的大小、重量和生理参数及其对阿菲菲斯侵染的响应。结果发现，感染后的软体动物的壳高和总重显著增加。相反，在较宽的pH范围内，感染的蜗牛蛋白酶活性显著低于naïve蜗牛。抑制因子分析表明，该植物具有丝氨酸酶、半胱氨酸酶和金属蛋白酶活性。吸虫感染对丝氨酸蛋白酶的影响最大，降低了它们的活性水平。同时，侵染未引起钉螺α-淀粉酶活性降低。在一定的pH值下，寄生蜂α-淀粉酶活性显著高于非寄生蜂。这些代谢特征可能有助于被寄生宿主的生长加速，从而影响它们的生存和传播，最终可能对水库生态系统产生深远的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the environmental distribution of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium costale 牡蛎寄生单孢子虫（Haplosporidium costale）的环境分布研究。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108462

Isabelle Arzul , Cyrielle Lecadet , Bruno Chollet , Delphine Serpin , Lydie Canier , Xavier de Montaudouin

The protozoan parasite Haplosporidium costale is known to occur in the USA where it has been associated with sharp seasonal mortality of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica since the 1960′s. In 2019, the parasite was detected for the first time in the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas in France in the context of light mortality and was subsequently detected in archived material collected since 2008. This detection raised several questions regarding the ability of the parasite to survive in the ecosystem and the potential involvement of other species in its life cycle. To answer these questions, an integrated sampling approach was deployed seasonally in three oyster farming areas where the parasite was known to occur. Parasite presence was evaluated after checking the presence of PCR inhibitors and using a previously developed and validated Real Time PCR assay, optimized in this study to detect parasite DNA in various environmental compartments. Parasite DNA was almost only detected in M. gigas. Considering the high number of oysters with low infection intensity, a complementary experiment was undertaken to better characterize sub-clinical infections in oysters. The presence of the parasite was tested twice a week in water and sediment from aquaria hosting M. gigas from a known infected site. After one month, oysters were sacrificed and tested using PCR or histology for the presence of the parasite at the tissular level. Altogether, field and experimental results indicate that the parasite is consistently established in oyster tissues, particularly in gills, which may act as a year-round reservoir of infection. The detection of parasite DNA in nanoplankton and sediment suggests that H. costale is released from the oysters in between mortality events. The potential for other species than M. gigas, particularly periwinkles, to be involved in the parasite life cycle deserves to be further investigated.

原生动物寄生虫单孢子虫已知发生在美国，自20世纪60年代以来，它与东部牡蛎的急剧季节性死亡有关。2019年，在法国的太平洋牡蛎Magallana gigas中首次发现了这种寄生虫，这是在轻度死亡的背景下发现的，随后在2008年以来收集的档案材料中发现了这种寄生虫。这一发现提出了关于寄生虫在生态系统中生存的能力以及其他物种在其生命周期中的潜在参与的几个问题。为了回答这些问题，在三个已知存在寄生虫的牡蛎养殖区采用了季节性的综合采样方法。在检查了PCR抑制剂的存在，并使用先前开发和验证的Real Time PCR检测后，评估了寄生虫的存在，本研究优化了该方法，用于检测各种环境隔间中的寄生虫DNA。寄生虫DNA几乎只在M. gigas中检测到。考虑到牡蛎数量多，感染强度低，进行了一项补充实验，以更好地表征牡蛎的亚临床感染。该寄生虫的存在每周两次在来自已知感染地点的养殖池的水和沉积物中进行检测。一个月后，牡蛎被处死，用PCR或组织学检测组织水平上寄生虫的存在。总之，现场和实验结果表明，这种寄生虫一直存在于牡蛎组织中，特别是在鳃中，这可能是全年感染的储存库。纳米浮游生物和沉积物中寄生虫DNA的检测表明，在两次死亡事件之间，牡蛎释放出了海岸螺杆菌。除长尾螺外，其他物种，特别是长春花螺，参与寄生虫生命周期的可能性值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0