Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献_第9页

Are all brachyuran crabs found in the intertidal zone intermediate hosts for digenean parasites? 潮间带发现的所有短爪蟹都是地沟寄生虫的中间宿主吗？

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108439

Grace N. Crocker, Alexander T. Bedford, Andrew F. Rowley, Charlotte E. Davies

Digenean trematodes with complex life cycles often use marine crabs as intermediate hosts, but their distribution across crab species is not fully understood. Previous reports of Microphallus similis in edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) relied on morphological identification, leaving potential for misidentification. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, identity, and host range of digenean parasites in intertidal brachyuran crabs from South Wales, U.K. Over six months, crabs were collected from two rocky shore sites and examined for metacercariae in the hepatopancreas. Parasites were morphologically assessed and identified by sequencing the 28S rDNA region. Metacercariae were found exclusively in juvenile C. pagurus, with ∼ 30 % prevalence and low individual burdens ranging from 1 to 69 cysts. All sequenced parasites were confirmed as M. similis. No infections were detected in Necora puber, Xantho pilipes, or X. hydrophilus. Logistic regression indicated that infection prevalence in C. pagurus varied significantly with month and crab size. This study provides the first molecular confirmation of M. similis in edible crabs from the U.K. and highlights species-specific susceptibility linked to differences in ecology and feeding behaviour. The absence of infection in co-occurring crabs suggests that C. pagurus plays a uniquely important role in the parasite’s transmission cycle in intertidal environments.

具有复杂生命周期的地沟吸虫常以海蟹为中间寄主，但其在蟹类中的分布尚不完全清楚。以往关于食用蟹（Cancer pagurus）中相似小阳虫（Microphallus similis）的报道依赖于形态学鉴定，存在误认的可能。本研究旨在调查英国南威尔士潮间带短爪蟹中地沟寄生虫的流行程度、身份和宿主范围。在六个月的时间里，我们从两个岩岸地点收集了蟹，并检查了肝胰脏中的囊蚴。通过28S rDNA区测序对寄生虫进行形态鉴定和鉴定。囊蚴只存在于幼年棘球绦虫中，患病率约30%，个体负担低，1 ~ 69个囊肿。所有测序结果均证实为相似支原体。未检出雏菊、黄原菌、嗜水x菌感染。Logistic回归分析表明，不同月龄和月龄的蟹感染率差异显著。这项研究首次在英国食用螃蟹中证实了相似分枝杆菌的存在，并强调了与生态和摄食行为差异相关的物种特异性易感性。在共发生的螃蟹中没有感染表明，C. pagurus在潮间带环境中寄生虫的传播周期中起着独特的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Developing Pébrine-Resistant silkworms through targeting the transmembrane protein NbTMP1 in Nosema bombycis 利用家蚕小孢子虫跨膜蛋白NbTMP1培育抗psm抗性家蚕

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108438

Renze Zhang , Shiyi Zheng , Bin Yu , Junhong Wei , Guoqing Pan , Zeyang Zhou , Chunfeng Li

Pébrine disease, caused by the microsporidium Nosema bombycis, represents a significant challenge to the sericulture industry. To enhance the resistance of silkworm, we developed a transgenic strain (designated N-F12) expressing a single-chain fragment variable antibody F12 (scFvF12), targeting the critical transmembrane protein NbTMP1 of N. bombycis. The antibody was fused with the ubiquitination tag, the F-box domain at the N-terminal of Slmb protein (NSlmb), facilitating the degradation of NbTMP1 via the host’s ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). Western blot analysis confirmed that the recombinant NSlmb::scFvF12 antibody can specifically recognize and label NbTMP1, leading to its degradation. Additionally, the proliferation of N. bombycis was significantly suppressed in N-F12 transgenic cells. Transgenic silkworms expressing N-F12 exhibited obvious resistance to N. bombycis, achieving higher survival rates without compromising key economic traits. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for pathogen resistance by utilizing the host’s UPS to degrade pathogen proteins, with potential applications in sericulture and broader host-pathogen systems.

由家蚕微孢子虫引起的psambline病是对养蚕业的重大挑战。为了提高家蚕的抗性，我们培育了一株表达单链片段可变抗体F12 （scFvF12）的转基因菌株（N-F12），靶向家蚕关键的跨膜蛋白NbTMP1。该抗体与Slmb蛋白n端F-box结构域泛素化标记融合，通过宿主的泛素-蛋白酶体系统（UPS）促进NbTMP1的降解。Western blot分析证实重组NSlmb::scFvF12抗体能够特异性识别和标记NbTMP1，导致其降解。此外，在N-F12转基因细胞中，家蚕的增殖明显受到抑制。表达N-F12的转基因家蚕对家蚕表现出明显的抗性，在不影响关键经济性状的情况下获得更高的成活率。这项研究展示了一种利用寄主的UPS降解病原体蛋白质的新策略，在蚕桑养殖和更广泛的寄主-病原体系统中具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Post-exposure effects of Photorhabdus nematicidal secondary metabolites on the fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes 光habduus杀线虫次生代谢物暴露后对虫病线虫适合度的影响。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108428

Ayako Kusakabe , S.Patricia Stock

Previous studies conducted by our team have shown that three secondary metabolites (SMs) from Photorhabdus luminescens sonorensis, trans-cinnamic acid (TCA), (4E)-5-phenyl-4-pentenoic acid (PPA), and indole, exhibit nematicidal and/or nematistatic activities against root knot and citrus nematodes, with no discernible effects on non-target entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). To further explore the post-exposure fitness of EPNs, this study focused on the effects of these SMs on the virulence and reproductive fitness of three EPNs: Heterorhabditis sonorensis (the native host of P. l. sonorensis), H. bacteriophora, and Steinernema carpocapsae. The results indicate that the virulence of H. sonorensis was not affected by the tested SMs. TCA significantly reduced virulence of H. bacteriophora, by 31 %, delayed mortality progression to eight days post-infection, and prolonged progeny emergence by two days. Nevertheless, none of the tested SMs adversely affected progeny production in H. bacteriophora. In contrast, the virulence and reproductive fitness of S. carpocapsae were not affected by any of the tested SMs. PPA did not adversely affect the virulence and reproductive fitness of any of the tested EPN species. However, TCA showed some effects, particularly for H. bacteriophora. These results suggest that PPA and indole may be a more suitable option for managing plant-parasitic nematodes among the tested SMs, as it showed no negative effects on the tested beneficial nematode species. In contrast, TCA may require caution due to the observed species-specific effects, particularly at the high concentration used, which underscores the need for careful consideration of its application concentration.

我们团队之前的研究表明，光habdus luminescens sonorensis的三种次生代谢物（SMs），反式肉桂酸（TCA）， (4E)-5-苯基-4-戊烯酸（PPA）和吲哚，对根结线虫和柑橘线虫具有杀线虫和/或抑线虫活性，对非目标昆虫致病线虫（epn）没有明显的作用。为了进一步探讨epn的暴露后适应性，本研究重点研究了这些SMs对三种epn的毒力和生殖适应性的影响：sonorensis Heterorhabditis sonorensis （p.l. sonorensis的原生宿主）、H. bacteriophora和steinerma carpocapsae。结果表明，索诺氏弓形虫的毒力不受所测SMs的影响。TCA显着降低了嗜菌杆菌的毒力，降低了31% %，将死亡进展延迟到感染后8天，并将后代的出现延长了2天。然而，没有一种测试的SMs对嗜菌杆菌的后代产生不利影响。与此相反，这些菌株的毒力和繁殖适宜度均不受其影响。PPA对任何被测EPN物种的毒力和生殖适宜性没有不利影响。然而，TCA显示出一些效果，特别是对嗜菌杆菌。这些结果表明，PPA和吲哚可能是管理植物寄生线虫的更合适的选择，因为它对被测试的有益线虫物种没有负面影响。相比之下，由于所观察到的物种特异性效应，特别是在使用高浓度时，TCA可能需要谨慎，这强调了仔细考虑其应用浓度的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Galleria mellonella following Candida albicans infection 白色念珠菌感染后的氧化应激和抗氧化反应

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108437

Serkan Sugeçti

Candida albicans is one of the most common human fungal pathogens. C. albicans infections can range from superficial conditions, such as oral and vaginal candidiasis, to more severe, invasive infections, which can lead to life-threatening systemic diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, the oxidative effects of C. albicans infection on the non-vertebrate model Galleria mellonella, were investigated. Levels of oxidative damage indicators, lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), were determined in C. albicans-infected G. mellonella larvae. Initially, CAT activity decreased at 2–4 h post-infection, followed by an increase at 6–8 h, while levels of MDA, GST, and SOD were elevated at 8 h, reflecting a dynamic antioxidant response. Furthermore, this study examines the interaction of gliotoxin, a mycotoxin, with antioxidant enzymes GST, SOD and CAT using molecular docking studies. Molecular docking revealed gliotoxin and β-glucan binding affinities of −6.8 kcal/mol with GST and SOD, and −6.5 and −7.2 kcal/mol with CAT, respectively. These findings indicate that G. mellonella provides an effective model for studying the interactions between C. albicans and the host.

白色念珠菌是最常见的人类真菌病原体之一。白色念珠菌感染的范围可以从表面情况，如口腔和阴道念珠菌病，到更严重的侵入性感染，可导致危及生命的全身性疾病，特别是在免疫功能低下的个体中。在本研究中，研究了白色念珠菌感染对非脊椎动物模型mellonella的氧化作用。测定了白僵菌感染的白僵菌幼虫的氧化损伤指标、脂质过氧化产物、丙二醛（MDA）和抗氧化酶(谷胱甘肽s-转移酶（GST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平。最初，CAT活性在感染后2-4小时下降，随后在6-8小时上升，而MDA、GST和SOD水平在8小时升高，反映出动态的抗氧化反应。此外，本研究通过分子对接研究探讨了真菌毒素胶质毒素与抗氧化酶GST、SOD和CAT的相互作用。分子对接显示，胶质毒素和β-葡聚糖与GST和SOD的结合亲和度分别为−6.8 kcal/mol，与CAT的结合亲和度分别为−6.5和−7.2 kcal/mol。这些发现为研究白色念珠菌与宿主的相互作用提供了一个有效的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae and Lotmaria passim on antimicrobial peptide expression in the digestive tract of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) 蜂王和枇杷膏对蜜蜂消化道抗菌肽表达的影响

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108435

Courtney I. MacInnis , Lien T. Luong , Stephen F. Pernal

Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae and Lotmaria passim are two commonly encountered digestive tract parasites of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Although these parasites are associated with colony losses, little is known regarding how they affect the bee humoral defense response, particularly at the level of the digestive tract where the parasites are found. Using locally-obtained parasite isolates, the effects of both single and mixed V. ceranae and L. passim infections on the bee humoral defense response were evaluated at the digestive tract level by quantifying the expression of three antimicrobial peptides (apidaecin, defensin-1, hymenoptaecin) at five timepoints post-infection. Parasite density was also monitored in digestive tract tissues at these five timepoints to determine if the parasites, particularly L. passim, have distinct host tissue preferences. In general, it was found that bees do not elicit distinct humoral defense responses within the digestive tract in response to infection with either single or mixed V. ceranae and L. passim infections. Increased L. passim density in hindgut tissues compared to midgut tissues at each of the five timepoints suggests a hindgut preference for the parasite. Interestingly, for bees that received mixed infections, both L. passim and V. ceranae densities were elevated in hindgut tissues, suggesting that there could be an interaction occurring between the two parasites.

蜜蜂变形虫（Nosema） ceranae和Lotmaria pasm是西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）两种常见的消化道寄生虫。尽管这些寄生虫与蜂群损失有关，但人们对它们如何影响蜜蜂的体液防御反应知之甚少，特别是在发现寄生虫的消化道水平上。利用当地获得的寄生虫分离物，通过在感染后5个时间点量化三种抗菌肽（apidaecin、防御素-1、膜膜蜂素）的表达，在消化道水平上评估单一和混合ceranae和L. passim感染对蜜蜂体液防御反应的影响。在这五个时间点还监测了消化道组织中的寄生虫密度，以确定寄生虫，特别是寄生乳杆菌，是否有不同的宿主组织偏好。一般来说，我们发现蜜蜂在消化道内对单一或混合的蜜蜂弧菌和被动乳杆菌感染都没有引起明显的体液防御反应。与中肠组织相比，五个时间点后肠组织中的弓形虫密度均有所增加，这表明后肠偏爱弓形虫。有趣的是，对于接受混合感染的蜜蜂，后肠组织中的被动乳杆菌和ceranae的密度都升高了，这表明两种寄生虫之间可能发生了相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Landscape-scale virome analysis uncovers endemic and emerging honey bee viruses in the Silk-Road hub of Uzbekistan 景观规模的病毒分析揭示了乌兹别克斯坦丝绸之路枢纽的地方性和新兴蜜蜂病毒

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108436

Minhyeok Kwon, Sun-Ho Kwon, Hyeonjeong Jang, Hyunha Oh, Sukjun Sun, Chuleui Jung, Eui-Joon Kil

Honey bee health is increasingly threatened worldwide by a complex and evolving viral landscape; however, this aspect in Central Asia remains understudied despite the region being strategically positioned along historic and modern trade routes. In 2024, we conducted a nationwide virome survey of Apis mellifera across 32 cities in 11 regions of Uzbekistan, combining the metagenomic data of 14 pooled RNA-seq libraries with RT-PCR validation and phylogenetic analyses. High-quality sequencing yielded an average of approximately 60 million reads per pool. We recovered 30 viral species from 162 genomic sequences (131 complete sequences), including 11 honey bee-associated and 19 plant-infecting viruses. All samples harbored deformed wing virus type A (DWV-A), and co-infection with DWV-B predominated. Our findings provided the first full-length DWV-B genomes from Central Asia, revealing that it had > 97 % identity to European strains. New variants of the Sacbrood virus (partial sequence, approximately 4.7 kb) and Lake Sinai virus UZB were also detected. The chronic bee paralysis virus was sequenced in full for the first time in Uzbekistan, and varroa orthomyxovirus-1 exhibited segment-specific divergence. Additionally, we identified two novel plant viruses: Gulistan nepovirus 1 and Arpa carmo-like virus 1. Phylogenetic patterns of the identified viruses indicate that Uzbekistan serves as a genetic corridor connecting European and Asian virus populations. These findings fill critical geographical gaps, underscore the need for transboundary surveillance, and provide a genomic baseline for future diagnostics, epidemiology, and control strategies aimed at safeguarding pollinator and ecosystem health.

蜜蜂的健康正日益受到世界范围内复杂和不断演变的病毒景观的威胁；然而，尽管中亚处于历史和现代贸易路线的战略位置，但这方面的研究仍然不足。2024年，我们对乌兹别克斯坦11个地区32个城市的蜜蜂进行了全国性的病毒组调查，将14个汇集的RNA-seq文库的元基因组数据与RT-PCR验证和系统发育分析相结合。高质量测序平均每个池产生大约6000万次读取。我们从162个基因组序列（131个完整序列）中恢复了30种病毒，包括11种蜜蜂相关病毒和19种植物侵染病毒。所有样本均携带A型变形翼病毒（DWV-A），以合并感染DWV-B为主。我们的发现提供了第一个来自中亚的DWV-B全长基因组，揭示了它与欧洲菌株有97%的同源性。还检测到Sacbrood病毒（部分序列，约4.7 kb）和Lake Sinai病毒UZB的新变体。在乌兹别克斯坦首次对慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒进行了完整的测序，发现varroa正黏液病毒-1表现出片段特异性分化。此外，我们还鉴定了两种新的植物病毒：Gulistan nepovirus 1和Arpa carmo-like virus 1。已查明的病毒的系统发育模式表明，乌兹别克斯坦是连接欧洲和亚洲病毒种群的遗传走廊。这些发现填补了关键的地理空白，强调了跨界监测的必要性，并为旨在保护传粉媒介和生态系统健康的未来诊断、流行病学和控制战略提供了基因组基线。

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引用次数: 0

Dissecting multitrophic interactions: The relationships among Entomophthora, their dipteran hosts, and associated bacteria 解剖多营养相互作用：疫霉及其双翅目宿主和相关细菌之间的关系

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108425

Zuzanna Płoszka , Karol H. Nowak , Marta Tischer , Anna Michalik , Michał R. Kolasa , Piotr Łukasik

Interactions with microorganisms across the parasite–mutualist continuum shape the biology of insects at all levels − from individual traits to populations to communities. However, the understanding of pathogens infecting non-model insect species in natural ecosystems, or their interactions with other insect-associated microorganisms, is fragmentary.

Here, we tested a conceptually novel approach − the simultaneous sequencing of insect, fungal, and bacterial marker gene amplicons − as a means of dissecting interactions among entomopathogenic fungi in the genus Entomophthora and their dipteran hosts in South Greenland. We aimed to describe the taxonomic diversity of Entomophthora, their dipteran hosts, and the bacterial diversity within a set of field-collected dead insects exhibiting signs of Entomophthora infection.

Across nine collected dipteran species, we identified multiple Entomophthora genotypes, with strong but not perfect patterns of host-specificity across the five targeted marker regions. Additionally, we found consistent differences in bacterial community composition among fungus-killed fly species and sampling sites. Our results substantially expand the knowledge of Entomopthora diversity and host associations while providing the very first insights into associated bacteria and their potential roles. We also conclude that multi-target amplicon sequencing can be a powerful tool for addressing broad questions about biological interactions in diverse natural communities.

在整个寄生虫-共生连续体中，与微生物的相互作用在各个层面上塑造了昆虫的生物学特性——从个体特征到种群再到群落。然而，对感染自然生态系统中非模式昆虫物种的病原体，或它们与其他昆虫相关微生物的相互作用的了解是不完整的。在这里，我们测试了一种概念上新颖的方法——同时测序昆虫、真菌和细菌标记基因扩增子——作为解剖南格陵兰昆虫疫霉属昆虫病原真菌与其双翅目宿主之间相互作用的一种手段。我们的目的是描述昆虫疫霉的分类多样性，它们的双翅目宿主，和细菌多样性在一组田间收集的死昆虫显示昆虫疫霉感染的迹象。在收集到的9个双翅目物种中，我们鉴定出了多个昆虫疫霉基因型，在5个目标标记区域中具有很强但不完美的宿主特异性模式。此外，我们发现真菌杀蝇种类和采样地点的细菌群落组成存在一致的差异。我们的研究结果大大扩展了对疫霉多样性和宿主关联的认识，同时提供了对相关细菌及其潜在作用的第一次见解。我们还得出结论，多靶点扩增子测序可以成为解决各种自然群落中生物相互作用的广泛问题的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of fucoidan and quercetin on protecting crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) against infection with white spot syndrome virus 岩藻聚糖和槲皮素对克氏原螯虾抗白斑综合征病毒感染的保护作用

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108433

Qingri Jin , Xinyu Ji , Xiali Wei , Jing Gong , Fei Zhu

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) acts as a dangerous pathogen which threats the farming of crustaceans. This study aims to investigate the effect of diet supplemented with fucoidan and quercetin on the immunity and disease resistance of crayfish by studying the apoptosis of hemocytes, crayfish mortality rate and related immune parameters. The feed additive combination of 30 mg/kg fucoidan and 40 mg/kg quercetin (fucoidan + quercetin) significantly improved by 45 % the survival of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) after infection with WSSV. The fucoidan + quercetin enhanced the total hemocyte counts in crayfish with or without WSSV infection. The combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin has a protective effect on the hemocytes of crayfish, and can reduce the apoptosis of hemocytes after WSSV infection. In addition, the combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin can affect the activities of various immune-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase (PO), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), and peroxidase (POD), thus modulating the related immune processes. In conclusion, the combination of fucoidan and quercetin can regulate crayfish’s innate immunity and reduce mortality of crayfish after infection with WSSV.

白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）是一种威胁甲壳类动物养殖的危险病原体。本研究旨在通过研究褐藻聚糖和槲皮素对小龙虾血细胞凋亡、小龙虾死亡率及相关免疫参数的影响，探讨添加褐藻聚糖和槲皮素对小龙虾免疫力和抗病性的影响。30 mg/kg岩藻糖聚糖和40 mg/kg槲皮素（岩藻糖聚糖+槲皮素）的饲料添加剂组合可使感染WSSV的克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）的存活率显著提高45%。岩藻聚糖+槲皮素能显著提高感染或未感染WSSV的小龙虾的总血细胞计数。褐藻多糖与槲皮素联合饲粮对小龙虾血细胞有保护作用，可减少WSSV感染后小龙虾血细胞的凋亡。此外，岩藻聚糖和槲皮素联合饲粮可影响超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、酚氧化酶（PO）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、溶菌酶（LZM）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和过氧化物酶（POD）等多种免疫相关酶的活性，从而调节相关免疫过程。综上所述，岩藻聚糖与槲皮素联合使用可调节小龙虾感染WSSV后的先天免疫，降低小龙虾的死亡率。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic Aphanomyces astaci infection in wild white-clawed crayfish: risks and implications for breeding programs 野生白爪小龙虾的慢性阿斯塔隐菌感染：风险和对育种计划的影响。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108434

Andrea Basso , Valentina Paolini , Laura Martín-Torrijos , José Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra , Amedeo Manfrin , Javier Diéguez-Uribeondo , Tobia Pretto

Aphanomyces astaci is the oomycete responsible for crayfish plague, a disease with devastating effects on susceptible crayfish populations across Eurasia. Recently, low virulence strains of this oomycete, mostly belonging to genetic group A, have been reported to coexist with European crayfish species. Between 2011 and 2020, 19 populations of white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes complex, were monitored in North-eastern Italy to detect the presence of A. astaci using molecular assays. Chronic infection was documented in eight populations, two of which were found to be persistently thriving despite A. astaci infection, remaining positive for the pathogen for at least two years. For conservation purposes, broodstock were collected from wild populations of A. pallipes where A. astaci had not been detected and housed in a breeding facility. However, a few months after the last introduction of broodstock into the facility, a crayfish plague outbreak ensued, leading to an extended mortality period of seven months. The A. astaci strain responsible for the outbreak, identified as genotype and haplotype group A, was isolated and characterised by three independent molecular methods: RAPD-PCR, mtDNA and genotype-specific nuclear markers. Epidemiological evaluations suggested that the pathogen was introduced into the facility via broodstock carrying an undetected chronic infection. The observed mortality was probably triggered by a combination of biotic and abiotic stressors. These findings highlight the importance of an appropriate health monitoring of the broodstock collected for ex situ breeding purposes and are notably relevant to the conservation of the European crayfish species.

小龙虾鼠疫是一种对欧亚大陆易感小龙虾种群具有破坏性影响的疾病。最近，这种卵菌的低毒力菌株，主要属于遗传群A，已被报道与欧洲小龙虾物种共存。2011年至2020年，在意大利东北部对19个白爪小龙虾种群（Austropotamobius pallipes complex）进行了监测，利用分子分析方法检测了阿斯塔西螯虾的存在。在8个种群中记录了慢性感染，其中2个种群尽管感染了阿斯塔奇单胞虫，但仍持续生长，至少在两年内病原体呈阳性。出于保护目的，从未发现白斑拟南芥的野生种群中收集亲鱼，并将其安置在繁殖设施中。然而，在最后一次将母鱼引入该设施几个月后，小龙虾瘟疫爆发，导致死亡期延长至7个月。导致此次暴发的阿斯达伊螨菌株被鉴定为基因型和单倍型A组，并通过三种独立的分子方法进行了分离和表征：RAPD-PCR、mtDNA和基因型特异性核标记。流行病学评估表明，该病原体是通过携带未被发现的慢性感染的亲鱼传入该设施的。观察到的死亡率可能是由生物和非生物压力因素共同引发的。这些发现强调了对为迁地繁殖目的收集的亲鱼进行适当健康监测的重要性，并与欧洲小龙虾物种的保护特别相关。

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引用次数: 0

Outbreeding of isofemale lines as a candidate approach to improve the quality of thelytokous Wolbachia-infected line of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae 利用同雌系远交提高卵寄生物松村赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura）细胞性沃尔巴克氏体侵染系质量的候选途径

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY

Journal of invertebrate pathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108430

Hong-Yu Liang , Ying Shan , Qian-Jin Dong , Jin-Cheng Zhou , Xiao-Hui Ma , Li-Sheng Zhang , Wu-Nan Che , Hui Dong

The egg parasitoids, Trichogramma spp. are important biological control agents targeting various lepidopteran pests in agriculture. However, laboratory rearing often reduces genetic diversity, and potentially decreased fitness of Trichogramma wasps. Besides, infection of parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia allow Trichogramma females to produce nearly 100 % females, but may decrease fitness of infected females. This study investigated whether outbreeding the Wolbachia-infected thelytokous line (Td-W) with the high-fecundity bisexual line (Td-H) could improve its fitness. Furthermore, a bisexual Wolbachia-free line (Td), sharing the same genetic background as Td-W, and a line with less favorable traits (Td-L) were involved in cross-breeding experiments. The results showed that Td-W females could mate and be fertilized by bisexual males. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis revealed no significant difference in the proportion of heterozygous offspring between mated Td-W and uninfected bisexual females. Outbreeding significantly increased the fecundity and body size of infected and uninfected offspring. Heterozygous offspring exhibited heterosis in fecundity and body size, regardless of Wolbachia infection, and displayed heterosis in emergence rates in Td-H♂×Td♀, Td♂×Td-L♀, and Td-L♂×Td♀ crosses. However, the emergence rate of Wolbachia-infected heterozygous offspring was lower than that of their Td-H or Td-L parents. Additionally, the adult longevity of heterozygous offspring did not differ significantly from that of their parents, irrespective of Wolbachia infection. Our findings suggest that outbreeding enhances fecundity and body size of Wolbachia-infected T. dendrolimi, regardless of the particular bisexual isofemale line used. This study proposes a strategy to improve the quality of Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma by outbreeding different isofemale lines before field release in biological control programs.

赤眼蜂（Trichogramma spp）是农业中防治各种鳞翅目害虫的重要生物防治剂。然而，实验室饲养往往降低遗传多样性，并可能降低赤眼蜂的适合度。此外，诱导孤雌生殖的沃尔巴克氏体感染可使赤眼蜂雌虫产生接近100%的雌虫，但可能降低感染雌虫的适合度。本研究探讨了沃尔巴克氏体感染的细胞系（Td-W）与高繁殖力的两性系（Td-H）的远交是否能提高其适合度。在此基础上，将具有相同遗传背景的双性无沃尔巴克氏体株系（Td）与具有较差遗传背景的双性无沃尔巴克氏体株系（Td- l）进行杂交试验。结果表明，Td-W雌虫可以与双性恋雄虫交配受精。短串联重复（STR）分析显示，交配的Td-W和未感染的双性恋雌性之间的杂合后代比例无显著差异。近亲繁殖显著增加了感染和未感染后代的繁殖力和体型。与沃尔巴克氏体感染无关，杂合后代在繁殖力和体型上均表现出杂种优势，在Td- h♂×Td♀、Td♂×Td-L♀和Td- l♂×Td♀杂交中均表现出羽化率的杂种优势。然而，感染沃尔巴克氏体的杂合子代的出现率低于其Td-H或Td-L亲本。此外，与沃尔巴克氏体感染无关，杂合后代的成年寿命与其父母没有显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，远亲繁殖提高了沃尔巴克氏体感染的树突绦虫的繁殖力和体型，而与使用的特定双性恋同雌系无关。本研究提出了在生物防治方案中，通过不同的同雌株系在野外放生前的外交来提高感染沃尔巴克氏体赤眼蜂质量的策略。

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引用次数: 0