To achieve power independence and net zero CO 2 emission at sewage treatment plants, a performance evaluation system （ PES ） was used at five sites with a treatment capacity of 150,000 to 200,000 m 3 day -1 , to estimate the power self-sufficiency rate and GHG （ Greenhouse Gas ） intensity. For power independence, the combination of energy saving and energy production measures was evaluated. When the energy saving measures were introduced at Treatment Plant A, the amount of power consumption decreased to 31,840 kWh day -1 （ reduction of about 20% ） , and the power self-sufficiency rate improved to 83%. Moreover, when energy production measures were introduced, the amount of power generation increased to 38,800 kWh day -1 （ increase of about 50% ） , and the power self-sufficiency rate was 105%, which was considered to indicate power independence. To promote net zero CO 2 emission, the GHG intensity and offset rate were evaluated. Even at Treatment Plant A, the GHG intensity was calculated to be 0.17 kg m -3 that net zero CO 2 emission was not reached （ offset rate of 48% ） . By improving the operation of the incinerator, the GHG intensity may be improved to 0.08 kg m -3 （ offset rate of 70% ） . Looking toward the two goals, the power independence and GHG emissions were evaluated, and high potential to realize the envisioned sewage treatment plant was confirmed.
为实现污水处理厂的电力独立和净零CO 2排放，采用绩效评估系统(PES)对5个处理能力为15万至20万立方米3天-1的污水处理厂进行了电力自足率和温室气体强度评估。在电力独立性方面，对节能与能源生产相结合的措施进行了评价。在A处理厂实施节能措施后，耗电量降至31840千瓦时日-1(减少约20%)，电力自给率提高到83%。此外，当引入能源生产措施时，发电量增加到38800千瓦时天-1(增加约50%)，电力自给率为105%，被认为是电力独立。为了促进二氧化碳净零排放，对温室气体强度和抵消率进行了评估。即使在A处理厂，计算出的温室气体强度为0.17 kg m -3，也没有达到净零二氧化碳排放(抵消率为48%)。通过改进焚烧炉的运行方式，可将温室气体强度提高到0.08 kg m -3(补偿率为70%)。针对这两个目标，对电力独立性和温室气体排放进行了评估，并确认了实现设想的污水处理厂的高潜力。
{"title":"A Study on the Potential Evaluation of Achieving Power Independence and Net Zero CO2 Emission at Sewage Treatment Plant","authors":"T. Fukushima","doi":"10.2965/JSWE.44.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JSWE.44.17","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve power independence and net zero CO 2 emission at sewage treatment plants, a performance evaluation system （ PES ） was used at five sites with a treatment capacity of 150,000 to 200,000 m 3 day -1 , to estimate the power self-sufficiency rate and GHG （ Greenhouse Gas ） intensity. For power independence, the combination of energy saving and energy production measures was evaluated. When the energy saving measures were introduced at Treatment Plant A, the amount of power consumption decreased to 31,840 kWh day -1 （ reduction of about 20% ） , and the power self-sufficiency rate improved to 83%. Moreover, when energy production measures were introduced, the amount of power generation increased to 38,800 kWh day -1 （ increase of about 50% ） , and the power self-sufficiency rate was 105%, which was considered to indicate power independence. To promote net zero CO 2 emission, the GHG intensity and offset rate were evaluated. Even at Treatment Plant A, the GHG intensity was calculated to be 0.17 kg m -3 that net zero CO 2 emission was not reached （ offset rate of 48% ） . By improving the operation of the incinerator, the GHG intensity may be improved to 0.08 kg m -3 （ offset rate of 70% ） . Looking toward the two goals, the power independence and GHG emissions were evaluated, and high potential to realize the envisioned sewage treatment plant was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomohiro Shiragaki, Taku Inoue, Hideki Fukuda, Masayuki Ushio, Miki Kusaka, T. Okano, H. Takasu
The environmental DNA （ eDNA ） derived from fish in marine sediments is preserved for long periods and could be used as successive proxy data for fish assemblages. However, metabarcoding analysis for fish eDNA has never been applied to marine sediments. In this study, metabarcoding analysis for fish eDNA was applied to the Tohoku Earthquake sediment samples collected from Otsuchi Bay after the tsunami induced by the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku to track the past fish species composition. We successfully detected 17 fish eDNA from sediment samples throughout the study period. The number of sequence reads of migratory fish species was relatively high in the samples of the first two years, whereas that of demersal fish species increased in the samples of the latter two years. Temporal changes in fish species identified by eDNA metabarcoding are consistent with those in fish species identified by visual censuses in the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. Thus, eDNA in marine sediments could be used to track the past fish species composition.
{"title":"Pilot Study on Fish Species Composition Using Environmental DNA in Marine Sediment","authors":"Tomohiro Shiragaki, Taku Inoue, Hideki Fukuda, Masayuki Ushio, Miki Kusaka, T. Okano, H. Takasu","doi":"10.2965/jswe.44.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.44.79","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental DNA （ eDNA ） derived from fish in marine sediments is preserved for long periods and could be used as successive proxy data for fish assemblages. However, metabarcoding analysis for fish eDNA has never been applied to marine sediments. In this study, metabarcoding analysis for fish eDNA was applied to the Tohoku Earthquake sediment samples collected from Otsuchi Bay after the tsunami induced by the 2011 Earthquake off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku to track the past fish species composition. We successfully detected 17 fish eDNA from sediment samples throughout the study period. The number of sequence reads of migratory fish species was relatively high in the samples of the first two years, whereas that of demersal fish species increased in the samples of the latter two years. Temporal changes in fish species identified by eDNA metabarcoding are consistent with those in fish species identified by visual censuses in the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. Thus, eDNA in marine sediments could be used to track the past fish species composition.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wakana Oishi, Yifan Zhu, C. Maruo, M. Saito, M. Kitajima, D. Sano
Wastewater-base epidemiology may be a promising approach to capturing the dynamics of the spread of diseases as well as emerging mutants in a catchment. Herein, we describe the key components of the wastewater-based epidemiology of viral infectious diseases, including the optimization of the methodology of the detection and quantification of viral genomes and the development of a back-calculation model to estimate the number of infected individuals. Early warning based on the influent viral concentration in a wastewater treatment plant may be feasible when it takes longer than one week to tally the number of patients of the target infectious disease by the currently used sentinel surveillance under the infectious diseases control law. The variables of a back-calculation model are categorized into two types: common variables irrespective of the type of infectious disease and variables specific to the infectious disease including shedding profiles of viruses. Greater effort is required to develop a robust back-calculation model against variability and uncertainty due to environmental, geological, and personal differences.
{"title":"Wastewater-based Epidemiology for Infectious Diseases: The Foundations and Future Perspectives","authors":"Wakana Oishi, Yifan Zhu, C. Maruo, M. Saito, M. Kitajima, D. Sano","doi":"10.2965/JSWE.44.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JSWE.44.125","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater-base epidemiology may be a promising approach to capturing the dynamics of the spread of diseases as well as emerging mutants in a catchment. Herein, we describe the key components of the wastewater-based epidemiology of viral infectious diseases, including the optimization of the methodology of the detection and quantification of viral genomes and the development of a back-calculation model to estimate the number of infected individuals. Early warning based on the influent viral concentration in a wastewater treatment plant may be feasible when it takes longer than one week to tally the number of patients of the target infectious disease by the currently used sentinel surveillance under the infectious diseases control law. The variables of a back-calculation model are categorized into two types: common variables irrespective of the type of infectious disease and variables specific to the infectious disease including shedding profiles of viruses. Greater effort is required to develop a robust back-calculation model against variability and uncertainty due to environmental, geological, and personal differences.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wataru Iio, Shunsuke Komuro, T. Kitamura, Shun-ichi Matsumoto
Ibaraki Prefecture produces the largest volume of lotus root in Japan. In a previous study, we reported that the runoff load of total phosphorus (TP) in the Teno area, Tsuchiura city, Ibaraki Prefecture, became maximum in summer. Therefore, in this study, we investigated lotus paddy field with abundant green algae in the Teno area, focusing on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), TP, and phosphate (PO4-P). As a result, DO in the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field became supersaturated with increasing amount of green algae. On the other hand, DO in the greenalgae-abundant lotus paddy field showed a concentration decrease to less than 4 mg L with increasing amount of lotus leaves in summer. Furthermore, the concentration of TP with DO of less than 4 mg L was about twice that after the lotus was harvested. The green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field had a significantly higher percentage of PO4-P in TP than the Sakai River agricultural water that was used. These results indicated that the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field exhibited a reduced DO concentration and increased elution of phosphate from the paddy soil in summer. As a consequence, the concentration of TP in the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field was increased in summer.
{"title":"Effect of Varying Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Elution of Phosphate from Lotus Paddy Field Soil in Paddy with Abundant Green Algae","authors":"Wataru Iio, Shunsuke Komuro, T. Kitamura, Shun-ichi Matsumoto","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.113","url":null,"abstract":"Ibaraki Prefecture produces the largest volume of lotus root in Japan. In a previous study, we reported that the runoff load of total phosphorus (TP) in the Teno area, Tsuchiura city, Ibaraki Prefecture, became maximum in summer. Therefore, in this study, we investigated lotus paddy field with abundant green algae in the Teno area, focusing on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), TP, and phosphate (PO4-P). As a result, DO in the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field became supersaturated with increasing amount of green algae. On the other hand, DO in the greenalgae-abundant lotus paddy field showed a concentration decrease to less than 4 mg L with increasing amount of lotus leaves in summer. Furthermore, the concentration of TP with DO of less than 4 mg L was about twice that after the lotus was harvested. The green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field had a significantly higher percentage of PO4-P in TP than the Sakai River agricultural water that was used. These results indicated that the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field exhibited a reduced DO concentration and increased elution of phosphate from the paddy soil in summer. As a consequence, the concentration of TP in the green-algae-abundant lotus paddy field was increased in summer.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74789390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Miki, Chikako Okumura, Takatoshi Nakazima, C. Sannoh, Yoshito Tanaka, Ryoko Ishikawa
We conducted a pilot-scale experiment for seaweed bed construction using concrete substrata with newly developed fly-ash （ FA ） porous concrete panels or conventional concrete panels from November 23, 2013 to October 14, 2017 in a coastal area of Noto Peninsula, Japan. The FA porous concrete panel was manufactured by replacing 20-40 ％ of the cement with coal fly ash produced in a coal power plant. The total number of Ecklonia kurome sporophytes grown on two substrata after four years was 14 ． The erosion of central lamina began in the third year and the maturing of over 50 ％ of E. kurome sporophytes was observed in the fourth year. A greater number of E. kurome sporophytes tended to grow on FA porous concrete panels than on normal concrete panels; the maximum density of E. kurome sporophytes attached to FA porous concrete panels was 24 individuals per square meter. The final number of E. kurome sporophytes largely differed among the sides of each substratum, which seemed to be strongly affected by waves. No grazing marks of herbivorous fishes and benthic animals were observed during the four years of growth monitoring. These results suggest that E. kurome bed construction using FA porous concrete panels in the coastal area of Noto Peninsula would be possible.
{"title":"Field Monitoring of Seaweed Bed Construction Using Coal-fly-ash Porous Concrete Panels on Coast of Noto Peninsula, Japan","authors":"O. Miki, Chikako Okumura, Takatoshi Nakazima, C. Sannoh, Yoshito Tanaka, Ryoko Ishikawa","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.25","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a pilot-scale experiment for seaweed bed construction using concrete substrata with newly developed fly-ash （ FA ） porous concrete panels or conventional concrete panels from November 23, 2013 to October 14, 2017 in a coastal area of Noto Peninsula, Japan. The FA porous concrete panel was manufactured by replacing 20-40 ％ of the cement with coal fly ash produced in a coal power plant. The total number of Ecklonia kurome sporophytes grown on two substrata after four years was 14 ． The erosion of central lamina began in the third year and the maturing of over 50 ％ of E. kurome sporophytes was observed in the fourth year. A greater number of E. kurome sporophytes tended to grow on FA porous concrete panels than on normal concrete panels; the maximum density of E. kurome sporophytes attached to FA porous concrete panels was 24 individuals per square meter. The final number of E. kurome sporophytes largely differed among the sides of each substratum, which seemed to be strongly affected by waves. No grazing marks of herbivorous fishes and benthic animals were observed during the four years of growth monitoring. These results suggest that E. kurome bed construction using FA porous concrete panels in the coastal area of Noto Peninsula would be possible.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80951956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Kuraku, Tasuku Nawaji, Hiromi Andoh, N. Yakata, Masanori Seki
Carbendazim is the hydrolysate of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl, which are the active ingredients of pesticides, in the environment. Carbendazim has been detected in environmental water and sediment in Japan, and there is concern that it may have chronic effects on benthic organisms living in aquatic environments. In this study, the Japanese native chironomids Chironomus yoshimatsui were exposed to carbendazim from the first instar larval stage to emergence using a sediment-water system prepared by spiking carbendazim into the sediment. During exposure, the emergence ratio and development rate of C. yoshimatsui were measured. As a result, the no-observed-effect concentration based on the sediment concentration （ NOEC sed ） of carbendazim for C. yoshimatsui was 3.07 mg kg -1 , which was 170 times higher than the highest concentration of 0.018 mg kg -1 in the Japanese environmental sediment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the results of this study when evaluating the toxicities of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl in sediment in the future.
多菌灵是环境中杀虫剂的有效成分苯甲酰和噻吩-甲基的水解产物。在日本的环境水和沉积物中检测到多菌灵，人们担心它可能对生活在水生环境中的底栖生物产生慢性影响。本研究采用多菌灵灌入沉积物制备的沉积物-水系统，将日本本土的吉松Chironomus chonomus yoshimatsui从一龄幼虫期开始暴露于多菌灵中直至羽化。在暴露过程中，测定了吉松c的羽化率和发育率。结果表明，多菌灵对吉松木菇的无观测效应浓度(NOEC sed)为3.07 mg kg -1，是日本环境沉积物中最高浓度0.018 mg kg -1的170倍。因此，今后在评价苯甲酰和甲基硫代盐在沉积物中的毒性时，有必要考虑本研究结果。
{"title":"Chronic Effects on Emergence Ratio and Development Rate of Chironomus yoshimatsui Exposed to Carbendazim in a Sediment-water Exposure System","authors":"Takashi Kuraku, Tasuku Nawaji, Hiromi Andoh, N. Yakata, Masanori Seki","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.127","url":null,"abstract":"Carbendazim is the hydrolysate of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl, which are the active ingredients of pesticides, in the environment. Carbendazim has been detected in environmental water and sediment in Japan, and there is concern that it may have chronic effects on benthic organisms living in aquatic environments. In this study, the Japanese native chironomids Chironomus yoshimatsui were exposed to carbendazim from the first instar larval stage to emergence using a sediment-water system prepared by spiking carbendazim into the sediment. During exposure, the emergence ratio and development rate of C. yoshimatsui were measured. As a result, the no-observed-effect concentration based on the sediment concentration （ NOEC sed ） of carbendazim for C. yoshimatsui was 3.07 mg kg -1 , which was 170 times higher than the highest concentration of 0.018 mg kg -1 in the Japanese environmental sediment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the results of this study when evaluating the toxicities of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl in sediment in the future.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81805378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various materials have been developed to restore sludge-accumulated bivalve fishing grounds. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of using an improved material, fluvic acid iron silica material （ FS material ） , to treat deteriorated sediment by the photo-Fenton reaction of Fe-humic substance complexation in Lake Shibunotsunai, northern Japan. From the results of a field experiment with FS material laid on the lake bottom, the thickness of deposited mud, mud content, and ignition loss of bottom sediment were partially reduced in the FS material site compared with the control site, but the effect was much smaller than in the previous research. Laboratory experiments revealed that the effectiveness of FS material was enhanced by a high water temperature and by using a greater amount of FS material. It has been found that if there is a current in the FS material site, the decomposed sediment surface layer may peel away. As a result, it is important to consider the applicable utilization method of FS material in accordance with the locality.
{"title":"Experimental Restoration of Fishing Ground of Brackish-water Clam in a Cold Region Using Fluvic Acid Iron Silica Material","authors":"Retsushi Matsuda, T. Sonoda, Y. Azuma","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.153","url":null,"abstract":"Various materials have been developed to restore sludge-accumulated bivalve fishing grounds. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of using an improved material, fluvic acid iron silica material （ FS material ） , to treat deteriorated sediment by the photo-Fenton reaction of Fe-humic substance complexation in Lake Shibunotsunai, northern Japan. From the results of a field experiment with FS material laid on the lake bottom, the thickness of deposited mud, mud content, and ignition loss of bottom sediment were partially reduced in the FS material site compared with the control site, but the effect was much smaller than in the previous research. Laboratory experiments revealed that the effectiveness of FS material was enhanced by a high water temperature and by using a greater amount of FS material. It has been found that if there is a current in the FS material site, the decomposed sediment surface layer may peel away. As a result, it is important to consider the applicable utilization method of FS material in accordance with the locality.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90364897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuhei Tanaka, W. Takami, Tomoya Tabuchi, H. Onishi, N. Tsuji, T. Matsuoka, Hiroaki Nishikawa, S. Fujii
Abstract Vegetation surveys with portable point positioning GPS devices were carried out for a specific alien plant, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala, at 132 communities on the shore of Lake Biwa from 2015 to 2016. The relationship between significant wave height and ground level where the alien plant grew was studied using a database of wind speed, wind direction, and effective fetch at six observation stations around Lake Biwa. The main results are as follows: 1) Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala was not observed at communities with significant wave height was greater than 18 cm, 2) Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala was observed at 55 communities. They were classified into four groups on the basis of the ground level where the alien plant was observed. The submerged type was found in 20 communities (from Biwako Surface Level (B.S.L.) -150 to -50 cm). The emerged type was found in 14 communities (from B.S.L. -90 to -30 cm). The ecotone type was found in 15 communities (from B.S.L. -50 to -30 cm), and the land type was found in six communities (from B.S.L. -30 to -10 cm), 3) The average significant wave height was 5.5 cm, 9.4 cm, and 13.2 cm, respectively, for submerged, emerged, and ecotone types. The significant wave height might be one of the factors governing the ground level at which the alien plant grows.
{"title":"Estimation of Potential Habitat for Specific Alien Plant Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala Considering Relationship between Significant Wave Height and Ground Level on Lake Biwa Shore","authors":"Shuhei Tanaka, W. Takami, Tomoya Tabuchi, H. Onishi, N. Tsuji, T. Matsuoka, Hiroaki Nishikawa, S. Fujii","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vegetation surveys with portable point positioning GPS devices were carried out for a specific alien plant, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala, at 132 communities on the shore of Lake Biwa from 2015 to 2016. The relationship between significant wave height and ground level where the alien plant grew was studied using a database of wind speed, wind direction, and effective fetch at six observation stations around Lake Biwa. The main results are as follows: 1) Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala was not observed at communities with significant wave height was greater than 18 cm, 2) Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala was observed at 55 communities. They were classified into four groups on the basis of the ground level where the alien plant was observed. The submerged type was found in 20 communities (from Biwako Surface Level (B.S.L.) -150 to -50 cm). The emerged type was found in 14 communities (from B.S.L. -90 to -30 cm). The ecotone type was found in 15 communities (from B.S.L. -50 to -30 cm), and the land type was found in six communities (from B.S.L. -30 to -10 cm), 3) The average significant wave height was 5.5 cm, 9.4 cm, and 13.2 cm, respectively, for submerged, emerged, and ecotone types. The significant wave height might be one of the factors governing the ground level at which the alien plant grows.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84537199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Akao, Takano Katsumi, T. Fujiwara, R. Ito, Kuniaki Takahashi, Taichi Akama
The economic effects of the composting of current sewage sludge in Iwamizawa city were investigated compared with the effect of disposing of it. Input-output (IO) tables for each operation, composting or disposing, were compiled and the difference in gross value added (GVA) between the two operations was presented. To create the IO tables, Iwamizawa city’s IO table distributed by the Ministry of the Environment and each operating cost based on past records of Iwamizawa city’s spending were used as original data. Economic ripple effects derived from the operating costs were also included in the compiled tables. As a result, the difference in GVA between the two operations was calculated to be 19.6 million yen year, though the difference in the operational costs was 15.7 million yen year. The use of the sludge dryer was indicated to be a subject of discussion regarding the sustainability of the composting operation. The composting operation can encourage regional demand as local industrial sectors are participating in the operation, and it might lead to larger regional economic ripple effects. The demonstrated analysis could predict an increased amount of GVA, indicating a regional profit. It would be effective for local project assessment.
{"title":"Economic Analysis of Sewage Sludge Composting on Regional Circular Economy Using Municipal Input-output Table","authors":"S. Akao, Takano Katsumi, T. Fujiwara, R. Ito, Kuniaki Takahashi, Taichi Akama","doi":"10.2965/jswe.43.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.43.63","url":null,"abstract":"The economic effects of the composting of current sewage sludge in Iwamizawa city were investigated compared with the effect of disposing of it. Input-output (IO) tables for each operation, composting or disposing, were compiled and the difference in gross value added (GVA) between the two operations was presented. To create the IO tables, Iwamizawa city’s IO table distributed by the Ministry of the Environment and each operating cost based on past records of Iwamizawa city’s spending were used as original data. Economic ripple effects derived from the operating costs were also included in the compiled tables. As a result, the difference in GVA between the two operations was calculated to be 19.6 million yen year, though the difference in the operational costs was 15.7 million yen year. The use of the sludge dryer was indicated to be a subject of discussion regarding the sustainability of the composting operation. The composting operation can encourage regional demand as local industrial sectors are participating in the operation, and it might lead to larger regional economic ripple effects. The demonstrated analysis could predict an increased amount of GVA, indicating a regional profit. It would be effective for local project assessment.","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86492271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"都市淡水域における底泥中マイクロプラスチックの濃度分布と起源推定：江津湖 (熊本市) と大濠公園池 (福岡市) を例に","authors":"Yoichi Era, Haruhiko Nakata","doi":"10.2965/JSWE.43.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JSWE.43.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73765619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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